CN107312958A - A kind of diamond valve metal combination electrode material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of diamond valve metal combination electrode material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN107312958A CN107312958A CN201710424958.7A CN201710424958A CN107312958A CN 107312958 A CN107312958 A CN 107312958A CN 201710424958 A CN201710424958 A CN 201710424958A CN 107312958 A CN107312958 A CN 107312958A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C26/00—Alloys containing diamond or cubic or wurtzitic boron nitride, fullerenes or carbon nanotubes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
- C02F1/46109—Electrodes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/467—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction
- C02F1/4672—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction by electrooxydation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/10—Oxidising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
- C02F1/46109—Electrodes
- C02F2001/46133—Electrodes characterised by the material
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of diamond valve metal combination electrode material and preparation method thereof; the combination electrode material is included doped with diamond boron element, with good conductivity and for support and the valve metal of electric conductor; the diamond is added into the form of particle or powder; the valve metal constitutes the matrix of the combination electrode material, and electrode material of the invention has the advantages that potential window is big, background current is low, stable chemical performance, oxidability are strong;In the absence of diamond film electrode diamond film adhesive force it is low, be easy to come off from substrate and the shortcoming of short life;The preparation of diamond valve metal composite can use a variety of composite material and preparation method thereofs, can be made into sheet, tabular, tubular, thread and netted, be formed into larger area, big convenience its as electrode material application;Preparation process is simple, raw material sources are extensive, the relative inexpensiveness of diamond valve metal combination electrode material.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to electrochemical electrode field of material technology, and in particular to a kind of gold for being applied to Anodic
Hard rock-valve metal combination electrode material.
Background technology
In modern industry, many industrial process(Such as dyestuff and weaving, slurrying and papermaking, oil refining and coking, medicine, plastics, clear
Clean dose, the production of agricultural chemicals and agrochemical)High-level oxidation technology will be applied to.It is used as a kind of processing poisonous and harmful substances
The characteristics of effective technology, high-level oxidation technology is to produce the free radical with stronger oxidisability by chemically reacting, and will be polluted
Thing effectively decomposes and is converted into innocuous substance.
Electrochemical oxidation is an important branch of high-level oxidation technology, and it refers to that the electricity on electrochemical electrode surface is urged
Change effect is lower to produce free radical, and then pollutant is converted into the process of innocuous substance.Compared to other high-level oxidation technologies,
Electrochemical oxidation technology is that a kind of oxidability is strong, controllability is good, reaction condition is gentle, equipment is relatively easy and non-secondary pollution
Environmentally friendly technology.It has huge application potential in the processing technology field of poisonous and harmful substances.
In electrochemical oxidation process, corresponding electrochemical reaction is carried out as the electrode surface of anode, thus
The property of its used anode material all has important influence to efficiency, the cost of electrochemical oxidation process.Therefore, select
The problem of suitable anode material is using during electrochemical oxidation process processing poisonous and harmful substances firstly the need of considering.
At present, the anode commonly used in electrochemicial oxidation has metal anode, carbon annode, SnO2Anode, PbO2Anode
And boron-doped diamond(Boron-Doped Diamond,BDD)Coated electrode etc..Wherein, BDD coatings developed in recent years
Electrode material make use of the characteristics of diamond chemical property is highly stable, and the electric conductivity of diamond is improved by the boron element that adulterates,
In various base materials with good conductivity, such as surface of silicon, titanium, niobium, molybdenum, prepared with the method for various chemical vapor depositions
The diamond coatings of one layer of this boron-doping, so that BDD coating electrode materials are made.Such BDD coating electrode materials, which have, leads
Electrically good, potential window is big, background current is low, stable chemical performance, strong oxidability the advantages of.Thus BDD coated electrode materials
Material is a kind of best electrochemical oxidation anode material of current chemical property, poisonous, harmful in electrochemical oxidation process processing
Material technology field has broad application prospects.But, the BDD coated electrode materials prepared with various chemical gaseous phase depositing process
Material all exist that preparation process is complicated, cost is high, diamond coatings easily come off from base material thus electrode life short lack
Point.
The content of the invention
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a kind of diamond-valve metal combination electrode material, the combination electrode
Material is included doped with diamond boron element, with good conductivity and for support and the valve metal of electric conductor, the Buddha's warrior attendant
Stone is added into the form of particle or powder, and the valve metal constitutes the matrix of the combination electrode material;
Further, the valve metal is titanium, aluminium, magnesium, niobium, tantalum, Gao, Hafnium, vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten or based on these simple metal elements
The alloy of formation;
Further, the valve metal surface is covered with one layer of uniform, fine and close, stability and the good oxide-film of insulating properties, described
The preparation method of oxide-film includes electrochemical oxidation process and controlled atmosphere oxidizing process;
Further, the electrochemical window of the combination electrode material synthesis diamond electrode is wide, leakage current is small, chemical property is steady
The characteristic of fixed and valve metal surface film oxide good insulating;
Further, a kind of preparation method of diamond-valve metal combination electrode material, the preparation method includes:
S1:Diamond and valve metal are combined metal-base composites is made;
S2:Oxide-film is prepared in the film on metal matrix composite surface described in S1;
Further, the method for metal-base composites is prepared in the S1 includes powder metallurgic method, discharge plasma sintering
Method, galvanoplastic, spray-up method, spraying process, coating process and infiltration method;
Further, the S2 is specially to carry out specific surface oxidation treatment to the metal-base composites being made in S1, from
And valve metal surface portion exposed on the surface of composite generates one layer of uniform, fine and close, stability and insulating properties is good
Oxide-film, and significant changes do not occur then for exposed diamond surface, now, and the oxide-film on valve metal surface will have fine
Insulation characterisitic, and will maintain good electric conductivity doped with the diamond of boron element;
Further, in the S2 progress film on metal matrix composite surface oxidation processes method include electrochemical oxidation process and
Controlled atmosphere oxidizing process.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:
1)It is excellent that the potential window that has with BDD coated electrodes is big, background current is low, stable chemical performance, oxidability are strong etc.
Point;
2)Diamond coatings adhesive force is low during in the absence of BDD coating electrode materials, be easy to come off from substrate, thus BDD coatings
Electrode life short shortcoming;
3)The preparation of diamond-valve metal composite can use a variety of composite material and preparation method thereofs, and it can be by
Sheet is made, it is tabular, tubular, thread and netted, can also be made into possessing larger area, this by big convenience diamond-
Valve metal composite as electrode material application;
4)Preparation process is simple, raw material sources are extensive, the relative inexpensiveness of diamond-valve metal combination electrode material.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is an example of heretofore described diamond-valve metal combination electrode material;
Fig. 2 is the electrochemical tests of heretofore described diamond-valve metal combination electrode material;
Fig. 3 is the reinforcing life test pair of heretofore described diamond-aluminium composite material and niobium base, titanium-based BDD coated electrodes
Compare result.
Embodiment
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, it is right below in conjunction with drawings and Examples
The present invention is explained in further detail.It should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein is used only for explaining the present invention, and
It is not used in the restriction present invention.On the contrary, the present invention cover it is any be defined by the claims the present invention spirit and scope on do
Replacement, modification, equivalent method and scheme.Further, in order that the public has a better understanding to the present invention, below to this
It is detailed to describe some specific detail sections in the detailed description of invention.It is thin without these for a person skilled in the art
The description of section part can also understand the present invention completely.
The invention will be further described with specific embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but not as a limitation of the invention.
The most preferred embodiment enumerated below for the present invention:
As shown in Figure 1-Figure 3, the present invention provides a kind of superior performance, diamond electrode material with low cost and its preparation side
Method.Diamond coatings are used chemical gaseous phase depositing process and prepared different during from the BDD coating electrode materials generally used
Different on base material, proposed by the present invention is a kind of diamond-valve metal composite., will in this composite
Include two key components, one is doped with the diamond with good conductivity of boron element, it is with the shape of particle or powder
Formula is present, and its active material when to be this composite used as electrode material;The second is titanium, aluminium, magnesium, niobium, tantalum,
The simple metal such as Gao, Hafnium, vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten and the alloy formed based on these simple metal elements, are characterized in that it has so-called
Valve metal characteristic, you can certain surface oxidation treatment is carried out to it, and foremost example is exactly anode in this oxidation processes
Oxidation processes.After surface oxidation treatment, the surface of valve metal will generate one layer of uniform, fine and close oxide-film.This shape
Valve metal into surface film oxide is when in anode potential, because surface film oxide can be very stable under anode potential, because
And can occur valve metal surface and be in passive state and nonconducting situation.Conversely, the valve of surface film oxide this ought be formd
When metal is in cathode potential, then it can be dissolved due to surface film oxide under cathode potential, thus valve metal now is still
Show conductive characteristic.
Diamond proposed by the present invention-valve metal composite is appreciated that by above-mentioned analysis, made as anode material
Used time will become apparent from out all characteristics of BDD coated electrodes:
1. in the composite, the diamond doped with boron element has good electric conductivity.At the same time, diamond is compound
Active material of the material when being used as anode material.
2. in the composite, valve metal is present as support and electric conductor.Valve metal itself can have fine
Electric conductivity, while it can also make the composite that is made have very high intensity.
3. on the valve metal surface of composite, one layer of uniform, densification will be generated by appropriate surface oxidation treatment
Oxide-film.This layer of oxide-film will cause diamond-valve metal composite as anode in use, the surface of valve metal shows
It is now non-conductive for passivation state, and diamond will undertake main electrodes function as anode as active material.
The preparation method of diamond-valve metal composite can have many kinds.It is for instance possible to use such as(1)Powder
Metallurgy method;(2)Discharge plasma sintering process;(3)Galvanoplastic;(4)Spray-up method or spraying process;(5)Coating process;(6)It is molten
The method for composite material in the various traditional and modern times such as method is oozed diamond-valve metal binary composite is made.
When preparing diamond-valve metal composite with powder metallurgic method, one is used as doped with the diamond of boron element
Individual constituent element, the simple metal such as titanium, aluminium, magnesium, niobium, tantalum, Gao, Hafnium, vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten and the conjunction formed based on these simple metal elements
Gold is used as another constituent element, and the two is added all in the form of particle or powder.The two is weighed, mixed, it is compressing, again
Sintered at a proper temperature, can be made into diamond-valve metal composite after densification.
When preparing diamond-valve metal composite with discharge plasma sintering process, its technical process with it is above-mentioned
Powder metallurgy process is similar, i.e., with pure doped with the diamond and titanium of boron element, aluminium, magnesium, niobium, tantalum, Gao, Hafnium, vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten etc.
Metal and the alloy that is formed based on these simple metal elements are respectively a constituent element, through weighing, mixing, it is compressing after,
While making its pressurization densification, molded samples are applied with the electric current of some strength, are rapidly heated to sample certain
Make the purpose of its densification so as to realize under high temperature, and then diamond-valve metal composite is made.
When preparing diamond-valve metal composite with galvanoplastic, doped with boron element diamond as particle or
Powder will be added into the simple metal such as titanium, aluminium, magnesium, niobium, tantalum, Gao, Hafnium, vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten and be formed based on these simple metal elements
Alloy electroplate liquid in.In electroplating process, above-mentioned valve metal will be sputtered in specific conductive substrates, and diamond
Grain or powder are then compounded in electrodeposited coating by disperse.There is relatively negative electrode potential in view of above-mentioned many valve metals, because
And when preparing corresponding diamond-valve metal composite electrodeposited coating, it is corresponding multiple to prepare to use the method for Molten Salt Electroplating
Condensation material.
When preparing diamond-valve metal composite with spray-up method or spraying process, titanium, aluminium, magnesium, niobium, tantalum, zirconium,
The simple metal such as Hafnium, vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten and the alloy formed based on these simple metal elements will be swept along with molten state by inert gas
Spray at a high speed, and with particle or powdered will be added into doped with the diamond of boron element in the metal jet of melting.Melting
Jet will be frozen into the metal-based compound material being made up of diamond, the constituent element of valve metal two after being injected on base material
Material.The composite can depart from from base material, can also always be attached on base material and be used.
When preparing diamond-valve metal composite with coating process, doped with the diamond and titanium of boron element, aluminium, magnesium,
The powder of the simple metal such as niobium, tantalum, Gao, Hafnium, vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten and the alloy formed based on these simple metal elements will be by claiming
Amount, add organic solvent mix, coating, dry, densification processing etc. is after link, be applied on base material be made by
The metal-base composites of diamond, the constituent element of valve metal two composition.The effect of densification processing is that the density for making overlay is improved,
And then improve electric conductivity, adhesive force and intensity of the composite when being used as electrode.
When preparing diamond-valve metal composite with infiltration method, doped with the diamond particles or powder of boron element
It will be initially formed with definite shape, but the prefabricated component containing a large amount of holes.Titanium, aluminium, magnesium, niobium, tantalum, Gao, Hafnium, vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten
The alloy formed Deng simple metal and based on these simple metal elements is by by with the form of melt body, in gravity, siphon power or gas
Dipping is penetrated into porous prefabricated component in the presence of the pressure mediums such as body, and then solidification forms diamond-valve metal composite wood
Material.
The diamond being made through the above method-valve metal composite is needed by appropriate surface oxidation treatment, ability
One layer of exposed valve metal Surface Creation is uniform on the surface of composite, the fine and close, oxidation of stability and insulating properties well
Film, so that valve metal surface has good insulation characterisitic.Meanwhile, it is exposed, doped with boron element diamond surface then
Do not occur significant changes and possess good electric conductivity.Because valve metal and its alloy are respectively provided with very strong formation surface passivated membrane
Ability, the surface oxidation treatment implemented to diamond-valve metal composite can using following two kinds simple methods come
Carry out:(1)Electrochemical oxidation process;(2)Controlled atmosphere oxidizing process.
When carrying out surface oxidation treatment to diamond-valve metal composite with electrochemical oxidation process, it will be prepared into
Diamond-valve metal composite as anode, using certain conductive material as negative electrode, in the electrolytic solution, in applied voltage
In the presence of, anodized is carried out to diamond-valve metal composite, so that valve metal part in the composite
The oxide-film needed for formation is passivated on surface.During anodic oxidation, in order to formed one layer of uniform, fine and close, stability and
The good oxide-film of insulating properties is, it is necessary to from suitable electrolyte and suitable anodic oxidation condition.
When carrying out surface oxidation treatment to diamond-valve metal composite with controlled atmosphere oxidizing process, it will prepare
Into diamond-valve metal composite be placed in controllable oxidizing atmosphere, table is implemented to it under conditions of higher than room temperature
Face oxidation processes.Because valve metal has very big affinity to oxygen, thus surface oxidation treatment should be in controllable atmosphere
Carry out, it is good to form one layer of uniform, fine and close, stability and insulating properties on the surface of diamond-valve metal composite
Oxide-film.
As an example of diamond proposed by the present invention-valve metal combination electrode material, Fig. 1 is prepared with infiltration method
Diamond-aluminium composite material microstructure picture.In the preparation process of the composite, doped with the Buddha's warrior attendant of boron element
Stone particle is a constituent element, and it is preformed in mould.And temperature is another group for 700 degrees Celsius of molten state aluminium
Member, it is under the mixed atmosphere protection of 50% inert gas argon and 50% reducing gas hydrogen, and dipping penetrates into many under 1.5 atmospheric pressure
In the preformed member in hole, and then solidification forms diamond-aluminium composite material.In the composite, the volume basis of diamond
Than for 55%.
Prepared diamond-aluminium composite material is made electrode, the progressive together with fine aluminium, niobium base BDD coated electrodes
It can contrast, test its electrochemical tests, test result is as shown in Figure 2.Electro-chemical test is using Shanghai Chen Hua CHI660E electricity
Chem workstation is carried out, using three electrode test systems, and using above-mentioned three kinds measurements as Electrode, electrode face product is
1cm2, by reference electrode of saturated calomel electrode, platinized platinum be to electrode.Test the Na that solution is 0.5mol/L2SO4Solution, test
When sweep speed be 10mV/s, scanning potential range be -2.5-3V.Test result shows that fine aluminium is under anode polarization current potential
It is almost non-conductive, because valve metal aluminium there occurs passivation in the electrolytic solution, and diamond-aluminum metal composite and niobium base
BDD coating electrode materials are the same, and the remarkable advantage with diamond electrode, i.e. potential window are wide, background current is low, chemically stable
Property it is strong etc., i.e., diamond-aluminum metal composite shows as being a kind of good electrochemical anode material.
Reinforcing life test is carried out to above-mentioned diamond-aluminum metal composite electrode, and is applied with niobium base, titanium-based BDD
Layer electrode is control, the service life of inspecting electrode material.During test, above-mentioned three kinds of electrode materials are respectively placed in 0.5mol/L
Na2SO4In electrolyte, by anode of above-mentioned material, stainless steel substrates be negative electrode, test current density be 1A/cm2, record at any time
The situation of change of tank voltage in electrolytic cell, when tank voltage is raised suddenly, judges electrode for failure.The result of test such as Fig. 3 institutes
Show.Test result shows occur diamond coatings within about 150 hours and 460 hours in electrolysis with titanium-based, niobium base BDD coated electrodes
The failure that comes off it is different, diamond-aluminium composite material electrode prepared by the present invention is due to asking for being come off in the absence of diamond coatings
Topic, thus electrode life was more than 620 hours.Thus, diamond-aluminum metal composite shows as a kind of have good stability
Electrochemical anode material.
One kind of embodiment described above, simply more preferably embodiment of the invention, those skilled in the art
The usual variations and alternatives that member is carried out in the range of technical solution of the present invention all should be comprising within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of diamond-valve metal combination electrode material, it is characterised in that the combination electrode material is included doped with boron member
Element, diamond with good conductivity and for support and conduction valve metal, the diamond is in the form of particle or powder
It is added into, the valve metal constitutes the matrix of the combination electrode material.
2. combination electrode material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the valve metal be titanium, aluminium, magnesium, niobium, tantalum,
Gao, Hafnium, vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten or the alloy formed based on these simple metal elements.
3. combination electrode material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the valve metal surface be covered with one layer it is uniform,
Fine and close, stability and the good oxide-film of insulating properties, the preparation method of the oxide-film include electrochemical oxidation process and controllable gas
Atmosphere oxidizing process.
4. combination electrode material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the combination electrode material integrates diamond electricity
The electrochemical window of pole is wide, leakage current is small, chemical property is stable and the characteristic of valve metal surface film oxide good insulating.
5. the preparation method of a kind of diamond-valve metal combination electrode material, based on answering described in one of the claims 1-4
Composite electrode material, it is characterised in that the preparation method includes:
S1:Diamond and valve metal are combined metal-base composites is made;
S2:Oxide-film is prepared on the surface of metal-base composites described in S1.
6. preparation method according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the method that metal-base composites is prepared in the S1
Including powder metallurgic method, discharge plasma sintering process, galvanoplastic, spray-up method, spraying process, coating process and infiltration method.
7. preparation method according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the S2 is specially to answer the Metal Substrate being made in S1
Condensation material carries out specific surface oxidation treatment, so that valve metal surface portion generation one exposed on the surface of composite
Layer is uniform, fine and close, stability and the good oxide-film of insulating properties, and significant changes do not occur then for exposed diamond surface, this
When, the oxide-film on valve metal surface will have good insulation characterisitic, and will be maintained well doped with the diamond of boron element
Electric conductivity.
8. preparation method according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the carry out film on metal matrix composite surface in the S2
The method of oxidation processes includes electrochemical oxidation process and controlled atmosphere oxidizing process.
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Cited By (1)
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JP7340783B1 (en) | 2022-07-22 | 2023-09-08 | トーメイダイヤ株式会社 | Manufacturing method and electrode material for ozone generation electrode material |
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