CN107306539A - 一种油茶苗期软腐病防治方法 - Google Patents

一种油茶苗期软腐病防治方法 Download PDF

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CN107306539A
CN107306539A CN201710390498.0A CN201710390498A CN107306539A CN 107306539 A CN107306539 A CN 107306539A CN 201710390498 A CN201710390498 A CN 201710390498A CN 107306539 A CN107306539 A CN 107306539A
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oil tea
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詹文勇
朱小妹
吴秀丽
方先红
詹秀芝
詹志彬
夏挺
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Anhui Dechang Seedling Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种油茶苗期软腐病防治方法，通过对种子浸泡、土壤处理、合理月份的喷洒灭菌液，来预防和控制软腐病，降低发病机率，保证油茶苗的健康生长。

Description

一种油茶苗期软腐病防治方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种油茶苗期软腐病防治方法。
背景技术
油茶苗期软腐病，病斑多从叶缘或叶尖开始，也可在叶片任何部位发生。侵染点最初出现针尖样大的黄色水渍状斑，中心可见一稍隆起的接种体蘑菇型分生孢子座的遗留物。叶片侵染点1个到多个，几个小病斑可扩大联合成不规则形大病斑。侵染后如遇连续阴雨天气，病斑扩展迅速，边缘不明显，叶肉腐烂，呈淡黄褐色，形成“软腐型”病斑。这种病叶常在二三天内纷纷脱落。侵染后如遇天气转晴，病斑扩展缓慢，棕黄色至黄褐色，中心褐色，边缘明显，形成“枯斑型”病斑。这种病叶不易脱落，有的可留树上越冬。 叶片感病5～7天后，在适宜的温度、湿度条件下，病斑上陆续产生许多近白色、淡黄色乃至淡灰色的蘑茹型分生孢子座。 病害能侵染未木质化的嫩梢和幼芽。受害芽或梢初呈淡黄褐色，并很快凋萎枯死，呈棕褐色，可留树上越冬。条件适宜时其上可产生大量蘑菇型分生孢子座。感病果实最初出现水渍状淡黄色斑点，斑点逐渐扩展成为土黄色至黄褐色圆斑，与炭疽病初期症状相似，但软腐病病斑色泽较浅。侵染后如遇阴雨天，病斑迅速扩大，圆形或不规则形，病部组织软化腐烂，有棕色汁液溢出。如遇高温干旱天气，病斑呈不规则开裂。
油茶苗期软腐病，一般4月下旬发病，5-6月下旬出现第一次高峰，8-10月份中旬如温度适宜，出现二次高峰。
发明内容
本发明目的是提供一种油茶苗期软腐病防治方法，通过对种子浸泡、土壤处理、合理月份的喷洒灭菌液，来预防和控制软腐病，降低发病机率，保证油茶苗的健康生长。
本发明的方案如下︰一种油茶苗期软腐病防治方法,通过在油茶培育过程中几个步骤的控制，以达到防治油茶苗期软腐病的效果，包括以下步骤︰
（1）对油茶种子培育前，进行浸泡处理；所述的浸泡液由以下重量百分比原料配制而成︰恶醚唑1.2-1.3%、二硫化四甲基秋兰姆0.5-0.7%、苯噻清1.1-1.4%、壳聚糖0.26-0.3%、苯乙烯基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚1.3-1.6%、余量为水；
（2）在幼苗长至10-12cm后，每两周喷施一次步骤（1）浸泡液，直到长至50-60cm；
（3）在幼苗移植大田前，对土壤进行翻转，并喷洒土壤灭菌剂；所述的土壤灭菌剂由恶霉灵、异硫氰酸甲酯、丙线磷、苯噻清、水按1︰0.1-0.2︰0.62-0.68︰0.3-0.4︰1000-2000的质量比配比而成；
（4）以后，每年3、4、5、8、9、10月份，每周喷施一次灭菌液；
（5）在培育过程中，要保证圃地排水流畅；及时将病株拔除，深埋。
进一步，所述的浸泡液中恶醚唑和苯噻清质量比为1.26︰1.2-1.4。
进一步，所述的浸泡液由以下重量百分比原料配制而成︰恶醚唑1.26%、二硫化四甲基秋兰姆0.6%、苯噻清1.3%、壳聚糖0.28、苯乙烯基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚1.4%、水95.16%。
进一步，所述的灭菌液由以下方法制得︰将水70kg、2-(4-氯苄基)苯并咪唑-三苯基氢氧化锡-氟苯脲复配物3-4kg、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠1.4kg、吐温60 0.7kg混合、搅拌均匀，即得。
进一步，所述的2-(4-氯苄基)苯并咪唑-三苯基氢氧化锡-氟苯脲复配物质量比为1︰1.3-1.4︰0.2-0.3。
进一步，所述的2-(4-氯苄基)苯并咪唑-三苯基氢氧化锡-氟苯脲复配物质量比为1︰1.32︰0.24。
软腐病的病原菌是细菌，在高温高湿的环境下，栽培、种植基质及空气中的细菌孢子如果食痕，侵染植株，会造成病害。因此，本发明通过种子浸泡、土壤处理、合理月喷洒灭菌液三重防护来降低软腐病的发病率。
本发明通过恶醚唑、二硫化四甲基秋兰姆、苯噻清、壳聚糖做为有效成份配比来进行种子浸泡，刺激种胚，提高酶活性和种子的活力，同时，增加种子抗逆性，提高种子健康度和抗病菌能力。在幼苗初长阶段，也进行这一成份的喷施，保证幼苗健康成长的持续性。
本发明通过恶霉灵、异硫氰酸甲酯、丙线磷、苯噻清做为有效成份配比来做为土壤灭菌剂的使用。通过这一配比，可有效土杀灭土壤中真菌、细菌、线虫、等。破坏、钝化、降低或除去土壤中有可能导致感染的微生物和毒素。同时，还可以促进生长。
油茶苗期软腐病，一般4月下旬发病，5-6月下旬出现第一次高峰，8-10月份中旬如温度适宜，出现二次高峰。本发明选择在3、4、5、8、9、10喷施由2-(4-氯苄基)苯并咪唑、三苯基氢氧化锡、氟苯脲做为有效成份的灭菌液，一方面预防软腐病的病原菌的生产，另一方面，在软腐病出现时，也可以进行有效治疗。
本发明还要求培育过程中，要保证圃地排水流畅；及时将病株拔除，深埋；这两个工作其作用都是降低软腐病的病原菌的生存环境指数。
具体实施方式
实施例1
本发明通过在油茶培育过程中几个步骤的控制，以达到防治油茶苗期软腐病的效果，包括以下步骤︰
（1）对油茶种子培育前，进行浸泡处理；浸泡液由以下重量百分比原料配制而成︰恶醚唑1.2-1.3%、二硫化四甲基秋兰姆0.5-0.7%、苯噻清1.1-1.4%、壳聚糖0.26-0.3%、苯乙烯基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚1.3-1.6%、余量为水；
（2）在幼苗长至10-12cm后，每两周喷施一次步骤（1）浸泡液，直到长至50-60cm；
（3）在幼苗移植大田前，对土壤进行翻转，并喷洒土壤灭菌剂；土壤灭菌剂由恶霉灵、异硫氰酸甲酯、丙线磷、苯噻清、水按1︰0.1-0.2︰0.62-0.68︰0.3-0.4︰1000-2000的质量比配比而成；
（4）以后，每年3、4、5、8、9、10月份，每周喷施一次灭菌液；
（5）在培育过程中，要保证圃地排水流畅；及时将病株拔除，深埋。
试验1 土壤灭菌剂对油茶生长的影响
实施例2
所述的土壤灭菌剂由恶霉灵、异硫氰酸甲酯、丙线磷、苯噻清、水按1︰0.16︰0.64︰0.35︰1500的质量比配比而成。
实施例 3
土壤灭菌剂由恶霉灵、异硫氰酸甲酯、丙线磷、苯噻清、水按1︰0.15︰0.66︰0.37︰1500的质量比配比而成。
实施例4
土壤灭菌剂由恶霉灵、异硫氰酸甲酯、丙线磷、苯噻清、水按1︰0.13︰0.67︰0.31︰1500的质量比配比而成。
实施例5
土壤灭菌剂由恶霉灵、异硫氰酸甲酯、丙线磷、苯噻清、水按1︰0.18︰0.62︰0.33︰1500的质量比配比而成。
实施例6
土壤灭菌剂由恶霉灵、异硫氰酸甲酯、丙线磷、苯噻清、水按1︰0.16︰0.65︰0.36︰1500的质量比配比而成。
对比例1
土壤灭菌剂由恶霉灵、异硫氰酸甲酯、丙线磷、水按1︰0.16︰0.64︰1500的质量比配比而成。
对比例2
所述的土壤灭菌剂由恶霉灵、异硫氰酸甲酯、苯噻清、水按1︰0.16︰0.35︰1500的质量比配比而成。
对比例3
所述的土壤灭菌剂由恶霉灵、丙线磷、苯噻清、水按1︰0.64︰0.35︰1500的质量比配比而成。
对比例4
所述的土壤灭菌剂由恶霉灵、异硫氰酸甲酯、水按1︰0.16︰1500的质量比配比而成。
对比例5
恶霉灵配1500倍水。
选取500株油茶茶苗,平均58-60m，50株一组，共九组，分别D1、D2、D3、D4、D5、D6、D7、D8、D9、D10；在移植大田前，对九组的移植土壤进行处理，分别喷洒相同剂量的上述实施例2-6、对比例1-4的土壤灭菌剂，三天后移植油茶茶苗，两个月后测量茶苗高度，其结果如表一所示。
表一
移植前平均高度 两个月后平均高度 促长率（%）
D1 58.6 80.1 36.67%
D2 58.8 77.6 31.97%
D3 59.2 78.9 33.28%
D4 58.9 78.1 32.6%
D5 59.6 77.4 29.87%
D6 58.6 71.2 21.5%
D7 58.1 74.2 27.71%
D8 58.3 73.8 26.59%
D9 59.5 71.5 20.17%
D10 58.7 66.3 12.94%
试验2 灭菌液对油茶的诱抗效果
实施例11
灭菌液由以下方法制得︰将水70kg、2-(4-氯苄基)苯并咪唑-三苯基氢氧化锡-氟苯脲复配物3.4kg、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠1.4kg、吐温60 0.7kg混合、搅拌均匀，即得。其中，2-(4-氯苄基)苯并咪唑-三苯基氢氧化锡-氟苯脲复配物质量比为1︰1.32︰0.24。
实施例12
将水70kg、2-(4-氯苄基)苯并咪唑-三苯基氢氧化锡-氟苯脲复配物3.6kg、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠1.4kg、吐温60 0.7kg混合、搅拌均匀，即得。所述的2-(4-氯苄基)苯并咪唑-三苯基氢氧化锡-氟苯脲复配物质量比为1︰1.36︰0.21。
实施例13
将水70kg、2-(4-氯苄基)苯并咪唑-三苯基氢氧化锡-氟苯脲复配物3.8kg、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠1.4kg、吐温60 0.7kg混合、搅拌均匀，即得。所述的2-(4-氯苄基)苯并咪唑-三苯基氢氧化锡-氟苯脲复配物质量比为1︰1.38︰0.25。
实施例14
将水70kg、2-(4-氯苄基)苯并咪唑-三苯基氢氧化锡-氟苯脲复配物3.3kg、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠1.4kg、吐温60 0.7kg混合、搅拌均匀，即得。所述的2-(4-氯苄基)苯并咪唑-三苯基氢氧化锡-氟苯脲复配物质量比为1︰1.34︰0.28。
对比例6
将水70kg、2-(4-氯苄基)苯并咪唑3.4kg、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠1.4kg、吐温600.7kg混合、搅拌均匀，即得。
对比例7
将水70kg、三苯基氢氧化锡3.4kg、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠1.4kg、吐温60 0.7kg混合、搅拌均匀，即得。其中，2-(4-氯苄基)苯并咪唑-三苯基氢氧化锡-氟苯脲复配物质量比为1︰1.32︰0.24。
对比例8
将水70kg、氟苯脲3.4kg、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠1.4kg、吐温60 0.7kg混合、搅拌均匀，即得。其中，2-(4-氯苄基)苯并咪唑-三苯基氢氧化锡-氟苯脲复配物质量比为1︰1.32︰0.24。
分别将实施例11-14、对比例6-8药液配1200倍水喷到油茶苗80-100cm的油茶苗上， 三天之后再喷洒一次药液，五天以后采集完全展开的黄绿色嫩叶，进行软腐病病菌刺伤接种，每个处理20个重复，接种后进行30℃恒温保湿培养，三天后观测结果。结果如表二所示。其中，病斑减小率＝ 对照处理病斑面积- 诱导处理病斑面积/ 对照处理病斑面积×100％。
表二
软腐病斑面积/cm2 病斑减小率/％
实施例11 0.284 51.35
实施例12 0.294 48.63
实施例13 0.308 49.17
实施例14 0.289 48.42
对比例6 0.381 31.64
对比例7 0.388 32.39
对比例8 0.394 28.12
尽管上文对本发明的具体实施方式给予了详细描述和说明，但是应该指明的是，我们可以依据本发明的构想对上述实施方式进行各种等效改变和修改，其所产生的功能作用仍未超出说明书所涵盖的精神时，均应在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (7)

1.一种油茶苗期软腐病防治方法,其特征在于，通过在油茶培育过程中几个步骤的控制，以达到防治油茶苗期软腐病的效果，包括以下步骤︰
（1）对油茶种子培育前，进行浸泡处理；所述的浸泡液由以下重量百分比原料配制而成︰恶醚唑1.2-1.3%、二硫化四甲基秋兰姆0.5-0.7%、苯噻清1.1-1.4%、壳聚糖0.26-0.3%、苯乙烯基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚1.3-1.6%、余量为水；
（2）在幼苗长至10-12cm后，每两周喷施一次步骤（1）浸泡液，直到长至50-60cm；
（3）在幼苗移植大田前，对土壤进行翻转，并喷洒土壤灭菌剂；所述的土壤灭菌剂由恶霉灵、异硫氰酸甲酯、丙线磷、苯噻清、水按1︰0.1-0.2︰0.62-0.68︰0.3-0.4︰1000-2000的质量比配比而成；
（4）以后，每年3、4、5、8、9、10月份，每周喷施一次灭菌液；
（5）在培育过程中，要保证圃地排水流畅；及时将病株拔除，深埋。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种油茶苗期软腐病防治方法,其特征在于，所述的浸泡液中恶醚唑和苯噻清质量比为1.26︰1.2-1.4。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种油茶苗期软腐病防治方法,其特征在于，所述的浸泡液由以下重量百分比原料配制而成︰恶醚唑1.26%、二硫化四甲基秋兰姆0.6%、苯噻清1.3%、壳聚糖0.28、苯乙烯基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚1.4%、水95.16%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种油茶苗期软腐病防治方法,其特征在于，所述的土壤灭菌剂由恶霉灵、异硫氰酸甲酯、丙线磷、苯噻清、水按1︰0.16︰0.64︰0.35︰1500的质量比配比而成。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种油茶苗期软腐病防治方法,其特征在于，所述的灭菌液由以下方法制得︰将水70kg、2-(4-氯苄基)苯并咪唑-三苯基氢氧化锡-氟苯脲复配物3-4kg、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠1.4kg、吐温60 0.7kg混合、搅拌均匀，即得。
6.根据权利要求5所述的所述的一种油茶苗期软腐病防治方法,其特征在于，所述的2-(4-氯苄基)苯并咪唑-三苯基氢氧化锡-氟苯脲复配物质量比为1︰1.3-1.4︰0.2-0.3。
7.根据权利要求6所述的所述的一种油茶苗期软腐病防治方法,其特征在于，所述的2-(4-氯苄基)苯并咪唑-三苯基氢氧化锡-氟苯脲复配物质量比为1︰1.32︰0.24。
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