CN107306056B - 用于电机的定子冷却 - Google Patents

用于电机的定子冷却 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107306056B
CN107306056B CN201710277307.XA CN201710277307A CN107306056B CN 107306056 B CN107306056 B CN 107306056B CN 201710277307 A CN201710277307 A CN 201710277307A CN 107306056 B CN107306056 B CN 107306056B
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face
cooling
channel
electric machine
coolant
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CN107306056A (zh
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普拉萨德·黛芙·哈努玛拉古提
迈克尔·W·德格内尔
佛朗哥·伦纳迪
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/383—One-way clutches or freewheel devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/20—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/28—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the electric energy storing means, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • H02K3/24—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors with channels or ducts for cooling medium between the conductors
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    • H02K5/203—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium specially adapted for liquids, e.g. cooling jackets
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Abstract

公开涉及用于电机的定子冷却。一种车辆电机可包括转子。转子可与定子配合，该定子包括具有端面的芯和从所述端面延伸的端部绕组。冷却通道可包围端部绕组，在端部绕组的相对两侧密封住所述端面，并限定被构造为接收冷却剂的入口。冷却通道可被布置为在经过端部绕组期间包含冷却剂并将冷却剂朝向出口引导。

Description

用于电机的定子冷却
技术领域
本公开涉及电机中定子绕组的冷却。
背景技术
许多车辆依靠电机作为机械能的源。定子绕组接收电流以产生磁场，该磁场与转子的相反的磁场配合。由于电流而在定子绕组中产生的电阻加热会对由电机产生的机械能施加限制。
发明内容
一种车辆电机可包括转子。转子可与定子配合，定子包括具有端面的芯和从所述端面延伸的端部绕组。冷却通道可包围端部绕组，在端部绕组的相对两侧密封住所述端面，并限定被构造为接收冷却剂的入口。冷却通道可被布置为在经过端部绕组期间包含冷却剂并将冷却剂朝向出口引导。
冷却通道可限定出口。出口可以位于冷却通道的与所述入口相对的端部处。冷却通道可完全地围绕端部绕组的边缘延伸。冷却通道可具有拱形横截面。冷却通道可具有矩形横截面。
根据本发明，提供一种车辆电机，包括：转子；定子，包括具有端面的芯和从所述端面延伸的端部绕组；多个冷却通道，包围端部绕组，在端部绕组的相对两侧和所述冷却通道的每端处密封住所述端面，并且每个冷却通道限定被构造为接收冷却剂的入口，所述冷却通道被布置为在经过端部绕组期间包含冷却剂并将冷却剂朝向出口引导。
根据本发明的一个实施例，冷却通道位于所述端面的第二象限和第四象限中，以将端部绕组覆盖在所述冷却通道中。
根据本发明的一个实施例，冷却通道具有拱形横截面。
根据本发明的一个实施例，冷却通道具有矩形横截面。
根据本发明，提供一种车辆电机，包括：转子；定子，包括具有端面的芯和从所述端面延伸的端部绕组；冷却管道，包围端部绕组并具有冷却通道部分和冷却槽部分，所述冷却通道部分在端部绕组的相对两侧密封住所述端面，所述冷却槽部分在端部绕组的其中一侧密封住所述端面，所述冷却管道限定被构造为接收冷却剂的入口，所述冷却管道被布置为在经过端部绕组期间保持有冷却剂并将冷却剂朝向出口引导。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述入口被限定在所述冷却通道部分上。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述出口被限定在所述冷却槽部分上。
根据本发明的一个实施例，冷却管道完全地围绕端部绕组的边缘延伸。
根据本发明的一个实施例，冷却管道具有拱形横截面。
根据本发明的一个实施例，冷却管道具有矩形横截面。
附图说明
图1是示例性混合动力车辆的示意图。
图2是示例性电机的一部分的截面形式的侧视图。
图3是电机的定子的透视图。
图4是图3中示出的定子的叠片的平面图。
图5是电机的透视图。
图6是图5中示出的电机的盖的透视图。
图7是电机沿着剖切线7-7的剖视图。
图8是根据另一实施例具有冷却装置的电机的透视图。
图9是图8中示出的盖的透视图。
图10是电机沿着剖切线10-10的剖视图。
图11是根据另一实施例具有冷却装置的电机的透视图。
图12是图11中示出的盖的透视图。
图13是传动装置的一部分的截面形式的侧视图。
具体实施方式
在此描述本公开的实施例。然而，应当理解，所公开的实施例仅为示例并且其它实施例可采取各种和可替代的形式。附图不一定按比例绘制；一些特征可被夸大或缩小以显示特定部件的细节。因此，在此公开的具体结构和功能细节不应被解释为限制，而仅作为用于教导本领域技术人员以多种形式利用本发明的代表性基础。如本领域普通技术人员将理解的，参考任一附图示出和描述的各种特征可与一幅或更多其它附图中示出的特征组合以形成未明确示出或描述的实施例。示出的特征的组合为典型应用提供代表性实施例。然而，与本公开的教导一致的特征的各种组合和变型可期望用于特定应用或实施方式。
电动车辆和混合动力车辆包括用于推进车辆的永磁牵引马达。永磁体通常嵌在电机转子的转子周围。由定子感应的相反磁场用于使转子相对于定子旋转。定子具有由电工钢或具有相对高的磁导率的材料形成的芯。多个槽沿着定子的内径分布并具有可容纳能够携带电流的绕组的尺寸。绕组可被构造为支持三相以改善产生的磁场。可通过定子绕组供给交流三相电流以感应磁场。电流会引起定子绕组的电阻加热。定子绕组会加热芯和周围区域。由于热限制，电阻加热会不必要地限制电机的机械输出或引起电机的退化。冷却系统可用于减小电阻加热并增加电机的寿命和机械能量输出。
冷却系统可包括使冷却剂在定子芯和绕组中或在定子芯和绕组周围循环以去除热。冷却剂回路可以是车辆冷却剂系统的一部分或者是独立的系统。冷却剂回路可包括散热器和冷却剂泵。在一些情况下，冷却剂回路可被加压。
冷却剂可被泵送或以其它方式被汲取到附连到定子的外面或端面的冷却通道。冷却剂可流经定子芯或在定子芯周围流动。冷却通道还可包围绕组，以提供对端匝(endturns)的冷却。端匝可从定子芯延伸，允许进入和离开各个定子槽同时保持连续性。冷却通道可在端部绕组的每侧上密封住定子的端面。冷却通道可具有出口和入口，以允许冷却剂进入和流出其它电机部件。
冷却通道可具有多种形状和构造。例如，当从侧面观看电机时，冷却通道可具有大体上为正方形或圆形的横截面。当沿着电机的轴线观看时，冷却通道可具有包围定子芯的一侧上的所有端部绕组的环形形状。冷却通道可以是整体件或被布置为充分冷却端部绕组的一组分体件。冷却通道可包围所有端部绕组。在另一实施例中，冷却通道可具有在端面的相对的象限中的两个不同的区段。在又一实施例中，冷却通道可仅占据端面的右半边或左半边的一部分。通道还可包围端面的位于30°与150°之间以及210°与330°之间的相对的区段。在重力供给实施例中，通道可围绕端面定向，使得重力从入口经过或通过端部绕组汲取冷却剂使之到达出口。
冷却通道的一部分可被密封到定子芯，同时冷却通道的另一部分具有开放的槽区段。例如，冷却通道可以是具有通道部分和槽部分的一个整体件。通道部分可被布置为使得重力供给入口汲取冷却剂通过所述通道部分，槽部分从通道部分接收冷却剂以将冷却剂引导到出口。开放的槽部分可通过对流冷却增加对端部绕组和冷却剂的冷却。
冷却通道可设置在定子的每侧上以将冷却剂提供到整个定子芯和绕组。一对冷却通道可被布置为从共同的入口或冷却剂回路供给冷却剂。冷却通道可以是相同的和相对的，或者采用上述实施例中的一个以解决电机的各个端部之间的不对称性。这意味着，在每个面上具有两个单独的通道的构造可被定向为覆盖端匝的一半，但共同包围所有绕组。
在图1中描绘了示例性插电式混合动力电动车辆(PHEV)，并且该PHEV总体上被称为车辆16。车辆16包括传动装置12并在内燃发动机20选择性的辅助下由至少一个电机18推进。电机18可以是在图1中被描绘为“马达”18的交流(AC)电动马达。电机18接收电力并提供用于车辆推进的扭矩。电机18还用作发电机，用于通过再生制动将机械能转换为电能。
传动装置12可以是功率分流式构造(power-split configuration)。传动装置12包括第一电机18和第二电机24。在图1中第二电机24可以是被描绘为“发电机”24的AC电动马达。与第一电机18类似，第二电机24接收电力并提供输出扭矩。第二电机24还用作发电机，用于将机械能转换为电能并优化通过传动装置12的功率流。在其它实施例中，传动装置不具有功率分流式构造。
传动装置12可包括行星齿轮单元26，行星齿轮单元26包括中心齿轮28、行星架30和环形齿轮32。中心齿轮28连接到第二电机24的输出轴，以接收发电机扭矩。行星架30连接到发动机20的输出轴，以接收发动机扭矩。行星齿轮单元26将发电机扭矩与发动机扭矩组合，并提供环形齿轮32上的组合输出扭矩。行星齿轮单元26用作无级变速器，不具有任何固定传动比或“阶梯”传动比。
传动装置12还可包括单向离合器(O.W.C)和发电机制动器33。O.W.C连接到发动机20的输出轴，以仅允许输出轴沿着一个方向旋转。O.W.C防止传动装置12反向驱动发动机20。发电机制动器33连接到第二电机24的输出轴。发电机制动器33可被启用以进行“制动”或者防止第二电机24的输出轴和中心齿轮28的旋转。可选地，O.W.C和发电机制动器33可被去除并由用于发动机20和第二电机24的控制策略来代替。
传动装置12还可包括具有中间齿轮的中间轴，所述中间齿轮包括第一齿轮34、第二齿轮36和第三齿轮38。行星系输出齿轮40连接到环形齿轮32。行星系输出齿轮40与第一齿轮34啮合，以在行星齿轮单元26与中间轴之间传递扭矩。输出齿轮42连接到第一电机18的输出轴。输出齿轮42与第二齿轮36啮合，以在第一电机18与中间轴之间传递扭矩。传动装置输出齿轮44连接到驱动轴46。驱动轴46通过差速器50连接到一对驱动轮48。传动装置输出齿轮44与第三齿轮38啮合，以在传动装置12与驱动轮48之间传递扭矩。
车辆16包括能量储存装置，诸如用于储存电能的牵引电池52。电池52是能够输出电力以运转第一电机18和第二电机24的高电压电池。当第一电机18和第二电机24作为发电机运转时，电池52还从第一电机18和第二电机24接收电力。电池52是由多个电池模块(未示出)组成的电池组，其中，每个电池模块包括多个电池单元(未示出)。车辆16的其它实施例考虑不同类型的能量储存装置，诸如，补充或替代电池52的电容器和燃料单元(未示出)。高电压总线将电池52电连接至第一电机18和第二电机24。
车辆包括用于控制电池52的电池能量控制模块(BECM)54。BECM 54接收指示车辆状况和电池状况(诸如，电池温度、电压和电流)的输入。BECM 54计算并估计电池参数，诸如，电池荷电状态和电池功率容量。BECM 54向其它车辆系统和控制器提供指示电池荷电状态(BSOC)和电池功率容量(Pcap)的输出(BSOC，Pcap)。
车辆16包括DC-DC转换器或可变电压转换器(VVC)10和逆变器56。VVC 10和逆变器56电连接在牵引电池52与第一电机18之间以及牵引电池52与第二电机24之间。VVC 10“提升”或增大由电池52提供的电力的电压电位(voltage potential)。根据一个或更多个实施例，VVC 10还“拉低”或减小由电池52提供的电力的电压电位。逆变器56将由主电池52(通过VVC 10)供应的DC电力转换为用于运转电机18和24的AC电力。逆变器56还将由电机18和24提供的AC电力整流为DC电力，以对牵引电池52进行充电。传动装置12的其它实施例包括多个逆变器(未示出)，诸如，每个电机18、24均与一个逆变器相关联。VVC 10包括电感器组件14。
传动装置12包括用于控制电机18和24、VVC 10以及逆变器56的传动装置控制模块(TCM)58。此外，TCM 58被配置为监测电机18和24的位置、转速和功率消耗等其他参数。TCM58还监测VVC 10和逆变器56内的多个位置处的电参数(例如，电压和电流)。TCM 58将与该信息对应的输出信号提供给其它车辆系统。
车辆16包括车辆系统控制器(VSC)60，VSC 60与其它车辆系统和控制器进行通信，以协调它们的功能。尽管示出为单个控制器，但是VSC 60可包括多个控制器，所述多个控制器可用于根据整个车辆控制逻辑或软件来控制多个车辆系统。
车辆控制器(包括VSC 60和TCM 58)通常包括彼此协作以执行一系列操作的任意数量的微处理器、ASIC、IC、存储器(例如，闪存、ROM、RAM、EPROM和/或EEPROM)以及软件代码。控制器还包括预定数据或“查找表”，所述预定数据或“查找表”是基于计算和测试数据的并被存储在存储器中。VSC 60使用通用总线协议(诸如，CAN和LIN)通过一个或更多个有线或无线车辆连接与其它车辆系统和控制器(例如，BECM 54和TCM 58)通信。VSC 60接收表示传动装置12的当前位置(例如，驻车挡，倒车挡，空挡或行驶挡)的输入(PRND)。VSC 60还接收表示加速踏板位置的输入(APP)。VSC 60向TCM 58提供表示期望的车轮扭矩、期望的发动机转速和发电机制动命令的输出，并且向BECM 54提供接触器控制。
车辆16包括用于控制发动机20的发动机控制模块(ECM)64。VSC 60向ECM 64提供输出(期望的发动机扭矩)，所述输出是基于包括APP的若干输入信号的并且与驾驶员对车辆推进的请求相对应。
如果车辆16为PHEV，则电池52可经由充电端口66周期性地从外部电源或电网接收AC电能。车辆16还包括从充电端口66接收AC电能的车载充电器68。充电器68是AC/DC转换器，所述AC/DC转换器将接收到的AC能量转换为适合于对电池52进行充电的DC能量。进而，充电器68在再充电期间将DC能量供应给电池52。尽管以PHEV 16的背景示出和描述，但是应该理解的是，电机18、24可在其它类型的电动车辆(诸如，混合动力电动车辆或纯电动车辆)上实现。
参照图2、图3和图4，示例性电机70包括具有多个叠片78的定子74。每个叠片78包括前侧101和后侧。在堆叠时，前侧和后侧抵靠相邻的前侧和后侧设置以形成定子芯80。每个叠片78可以是圆环(doughnut)形的并且可限定中空的中心。每个叠片78还包括外径(或外壁)82和内径(或内壁)84。外径82共同限定定子芯80的外表面86，内径84共同限定腔88。
每个叠片78包括朝向内径84径向向内延伸的多个齿90。相邻的齿90配合以限定齿槽92。每个叠片78的齿90和齿槽92与相邻叠片的齿和齿槽对齐以限定定子槽94，定子槽94在相对的端面112之间延伸穿过定子芯80。多个绕组(还称为线圈、导线或导体)96围绕定子芯80缠绕并被设置在定子槽94内。绕组96可被设置在绝缘材料(未示出)中。绕组96的一些部分大体上沿着定子槽94在轴向上延伸。在定子芯的端面112处，绕组弯曲以围绕定子芯80的端面112周向地延伸，从而形成端部绕组98。端面112限定定子芯80的相对端并由定子芯80的第一个叠片和最后一个叠片形成。虽然示出为具有分布式绕组，但绕组还可以是集中式的。
转子72被设置在腔88内。转子72被固定到轴76，轴76可操作地连接到齿轮箱。在电流供应到定子74时，产生磁场，从而使转子72在定子74内旋转，产生经由一个或更多个轴供应到齿轮箱的扭矩。在运转期间，电机70在定子芯80和绕组96内产生热。为了防止电机过热，可提供流体回路以在运转期间去除产生的热。
参照图5、图6和图7，可通过使冷却介质循环经过端部绕组98来对电机70进行冷却。冷却介质可以是油(诸如传动装置流体)或任意其它适合的传热液体。冷却装置可用于使冷却介质传输经过端部绕组98。冷却通道100安装到定子芯80以覆盖端部绕组98。冷却通道100可密封住端面112a。冷却通道100可包括用于从冷却回路接收冷却剂的入口102。取决于接收的冷却剂的压力，入口可以是孔、连接管或开口。例如，加压的冷却剂系统可能需要配件以将冷却剂通道连接到入口102。重力供给系统可能仅需要被构造为捕捉滴落冷却剂的开口。冷却通道100还可限定出口104。出口可具有不同的构造，也取决于冷却回路是否被加压。例如，冷却剂可被释放到冷却剂槽(coolant sump)或通过管道或软管连接到冷却剂回路(coolant return)。入口102和出口104还可被构造为电机70的壳体的一部分。出口104可相对于入口102定位，从而重力将在入口102处接收的冷却剂(在经过端部绕组98之后)引导到出口104。
冷却通道100包括用于将通道100附连到端面112a的安装耳114。每个安装耳114可大体上垂直于通道的壁弯曲并包括用于接纳紧固件120以将安装耳114附连到定子芯80的孔。
电机70可包括与第二端面112b配合的第二冷却通道122。第二冷却通道122可以与第一通道100类似并且还包括用于将通道122附连到电机70的安装耳。如图7所示，冷却通道具有矩形横截面。
现在参照图8、图9和图10，冷却通道200具有多个通道区段200a和200b。区段200a和200b的每个被构造为冷却电机70。区段200a和200b可以已多种方式定向以充分地冷却电机70。区段200a和200b可具有不同的长度以支持充分的冷却。例如，区段200a和200b可位于端面112a的特定象限230a、230b、230c、230d中。如图所示，区段200a和200b仅在第二象限230b和第四象限230d包围绕组98a。区段200a和200b的每个分别包括接合部或独立的入口202a和202b。取决于区段200a和200b的定向，入口202a和202b可从同一通道或分开的通道供给冷却剂。区段200a和200b的每个包括用于将区段连接到电机的耳214。区段200a和200b的每个可被定向为分别占据第二象限230b和第三象限230c的一部分以及第一象限230a和第四象限230d的一部分。在该定向中，第一入口202a位于第一象限230a中，第一出口204a位于第四象限230d中。第二入口202b位于第二象限230b中，第二出口204b位于第三象限230c中。该定向可提供这样的益处，入口202a和202b以及出口204a和204b相对更靠近在一起并被定向用于改善重力供给设计。如图10所示，冷却通道具有拱形横截面。区段200a和200b的端部处的每个开放区域可使用环氧树脂或类似的物质(未示出)密封，由此密封相对的冷却通道200和222的端部。
现在参照图11和图12，冷却通道或管道300可包围一组端部绕组98a的一部分。槽303为该组端部绕组98a的其它部分提供冷却。冷却通道300和槽303是整体件。冷却通道300包括入口302。槽303包括出口304。冷却剂通过入口302进入冷却通道并通过槽303的出口304离开。该构造可为端部绕组提供额外的对流冷却，该对流冷却是利用包围整组的端部绕组的完整冷却通道无法获得的。
参照图13，混合动力传动装置400包括限定腔404的壳体402。电机(可与电机70相同或类似)被支撑在腔404内。电机包括安装到壳体402的定子408，使得定子408不能相对于壳体402旋转。转子410被设置在定子内并被固定(例如，花键连接)到轴412。轴412可连接到齿轮箱。
电机包括连接到定子408的一对通道100和122(可与通道100、200a和300相同或类似)，以形成围绕端部绕组98a的冷却沟槽。第一通道100设置在传动装置中，使得通路420将油经由入口输送到通道100的沟槽中。第二通道122设置在传动装置中，使得通路420的不同区段将油经由入口输送到通道122的沟槽中。油循环通过沟槽以对端部绕组98b进行冷却。油通过开放的底部离开沟槽并经由传动装置的通路(未示出)排到传动装置油槽。
说明书中使用的词语为描述性而非限定的词语，并且应理解，在不脱离本公开的精神和范围的情况下可作出各种改变。如之前描述的，可组合各个实施例的特征以形成可能没有明确描述或示出的本发明的进一步的实施例。虽然关于一个或更多个期望特性，各个实施例可被描述为提供优点或优于其它实施例或现有技术的实施方式，但是本领域普通技术人员认识到，可以折衷一个或更多个特征或特性以实现期望的整体系统属性，这取决于具体应用和实施方式。这些属性可包括但是不限于成本、强度、耐用性、生命周期成本、市场性、外观、封装、尺寸、可维护性、重量、制造性、易组装性等。因此，关于一个或更多个特性被描述为不如其它实施例或现有技术实施方式令人合意的实施例并不在本公开的范围之外，并且可能期望用于特定应用。

Claims (9)

1.一种车辆电机，包括：
转子；
定子，包括具有端面的芯和从所述端面延伸的端部绕组；
冷却通道，具有包围端部绕组的拱形横截面，在端部绕组的相对两侧密封住所述端面，并限定被构造为接收冷却剂的入口，所述冷却通道被布置为包含经过端部绕组期间的冷却剂并将冷却剂朝向出口引导，
其中，所述端部绕组呈大致矩形的截面，所述大致矩形的截面的靠近所述端面的一侧的一部分与所述端面间隔开。
2.根据权利要求1所述的车辆电机，其中，所述冷却通道限定所述出口。
3.根据权利要求2所述的车辆电机，其中，所述出口在所述冷却通道的与所述入口相对的端部处。
4.根据权利要求1所述的车辆电机，其中，所述冷却通道完全地围绕端部绕组的边缘延伸。
5.一种车辆电机，包括：
转子；
定子，包括具有端面的芯和从该端面延伸的端部绕组，
冷却通道，包括多个通道区段，所述多个通道区段包围端部绕组，并在端部绕组的相对两侧和所述通道区段的每端处密封住该端面，并且每个通道区段限定被构造为接收冷却剂的入口，所述通道区段被布置为包含经过端部绕组期间的冷却剂并将冷却剂朝向出口引导，
其中，所述端部绕组呈大致矩形的截面，所述大致矩形的截面的靠近所述端面的一侧的一部分与所述端面间隔开。
6.根据权利要求5所述的车辆电机，其中，每个通道区段限定所述出口。
7.根据权利要求6所述的车辆电机，其中，每个出口位于每个通道区段的与所述入口相对的端部处。
8.根据权利要求6所述的车辆电机，其中，所述多个通道区段包括第一通道区段和第二通道区段，第一通道区段的入口和出口分别定位在所述端面的第一象限和第四象限中，第二通道区段的入口和出口分别定位在所述端面的第二象限和第三象限中。
9.一种车辆电机，包括：
转子；
定子，包括具有端面的芯和从所述端面延伸的端部绕组；
冷却管道，包围端部绕组并具有冷却通道部分和冷却槽部分，所述冷却通道部分在端部绕组的相对两侧密封住所述端面，所述冷却槽部分仅在端部绕组的其中一侧密封住所述端面，所述冷却管道限定被构造为接收冷却剂的入口，所述冷却槽部分限定出口，所述冷却管道被布置为保持经过端部绕组期间的冷却剂并将冷却剂朝向出口引导，
其中，所述端部绕组呈大致矩形的截面，所述大致矩形的截面的靠近所述端面的一侧的一部分与所述端面间隔开。
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