CN107290002B - Mars dust storm simulation experiment device and method - Google Patents
Mars dust storm simulation experiment device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107290002B CN107290002B CN201710487425.3A CN201710487425A CN107290002B CN 107290002 B CN107290002 B CN 107290002B CN 201710487425 A CN201710487425 A CN 201710487425A CN 107290002 B CN107290002 B CN 107290002B
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- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Abstract
The invention relates to a mars dust storm simulation experiment device and an experiment method, wherein the experiment device comprises a closed container and a photoelectric measuring device, a rotating part is arranged in the closed container, a driving part is arranged outside the closed container, and a driving rod of the driving part penetrates through the closed container to be connected with the rotating part; the photoelectric measuring device comprises an optical fiber probe and a photomultiplier connected with the optical fiber probe, the optical fiber probe is arranged on a quartz window of the closed container, and the photomultiplier is positioned outside the closed container. The invention can realize the control of the atmosphere and the air pressure of the mars, simulate the sand storm on the surface of the mars and carry out online measurement on the discharge frequency, the discharge electric field intensity and the plasma spectral characteristics of the simulated dust storm. The method provides possibility for truly simulating and detecting physical and chemical characteristics which meet the actual conditions of mars to the greatest extent, is favorable for realizing in-situ detection and analysis of the spectrum under the condition of simulating the sand storm, and has important scientific significance for mars detection.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of Mars simulation experiments, in particular to an experimental device and an experimental method for generating a sand storm under a simulated Mars condition, which are used for simulating the sand storm on the surface of a Mars.
Background
The difference between the Mars and the earth environment is huge, and an experimental device needs to be built under the simulated Mars environment (mainly atmosphere, air pressure and mineral composition) to research the dust storm phenomenon on the surface of the Mars. At present, the sand storm simulating device in China simulates the phenomenon of dust storm under the earth environment, and reports of the sand storm simulating device under the condition of mars and reports of measuring the discharge times of the dust storm, inducing an electric field and exciting the mars atmosphere to generate free radicals are not provided.
Mars atmosphere (containing 95.5% CO)22.7% of N21.6% Ar and other trace gases) is based on CO2, the surface average pressure is only 700Pa and the annual average temperature is-60 ℃. Despite the low pressure of the mars, there are global, regional sand storms (dust storm) and frequent local dust cyclones (dust devil) on the surface of the mars that are more active than the earth. The mineral particles collide with each other in the sandstorm and cyclone, inducing electrostatic discharge phenomena and exciting the spark atmosphere. The discharge phenomenon in the dust storm not only affects the electric field and the magnetic field of the Mars close to the ground, but also generates a large amount of oxygen-containing free radicals to induce the evolution of the Mars atmosphere and Mars surface elements. In addition, the discharge phenomenon induced by the Mars dust storm also has important influence on the safety of human Mars detection and load/astronauts. Therefore, it is urgently needed to design a device and a method for realizing the Mars surface dust storm under the simulated Mars condition, so as to research the physical characteristics, the discharge rule, the induced electric field and the condition of exciting free radicals generated by the atmosphere, and have important scientific significance for Mars detection.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects and shortcomings of the prior art, and provides a sand storm simulation experiment device and an experiment method under a Mars simulation condition, which are used for simulating a sand storm on the surface of a Mars and measuring the discharge times, the electric field intensity and the plasma spectral characteristics of the simulated dust storm.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a mars sandstorm simulation experiment apparatus, comprising:
the closed container is used for containing mineral particles, a rotating part is arranged in the closed container, a driving part is arranged outside the closed container, and a transmission rod of the driving part penetrates through the closed container to be connected with the rotating part;
the photoelectric measuring device comprises an optical fiber probe and a photomultiplier connected with the optical fiber probe, the optical fiber probe is installed on a quartz window of the closed container, and the photomultiplier is located outside the closed container.
Furthermore, the device also comprises an electrostatic measuring device which comprises an electrometer arranged in the closed container and an electrometer controller arranged outside the closed container, wherein the electrometer controller is electrically connected with the electrometer.
Preferably, the electrometer controller is electrically connected with the electrometer through a vacuum flange arranged on the outer wall of the closed container, and the electrometer is connected with the vacuum flange and the electrometer controller through electrometer data lines.
Further, the device also comprises a high-resolution spectrometer with the wavelength range of 200-1100nm, wherein the high-resolution spectrometer is positioned outside the closed container, is connected with the closed container through an optical fiber and is used for measuring the spectral characteristics of the plasma generated during discharge in the sand storm.
Preferably, the photomultiplier is connected to the fiber optic probe via an optical fiber.
Preferably, the rotating part is a rotating blade, the driving part is a motor, and the motor is connected with a motor transmission rod.
Furthermore, the motor is installed on the top of the closed container, a through hole is formed in the top of the closed container, and the motor transmission rod penetrates through the through hole to be connected with the rotating blade.
Further, a sealing element is arranged between the motor transmission rod and the through hole.
Preferably, the sealing element is a sealing rubber ring or a sealing gasket.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention also provides a mars sandstorm simulation experiment method, which adopts the sandstorm simulation experiment device and comprises the following specific experiment steps:
selecting a mineral particle sample in a sand storm according to the characteristics of the soil components on the surface of the mars, and filling the mineral particle sample in a closed container;
adjusting the closed container to be under the conditions of Mars atmosphere and Mars low pressure;
starting a driving piece, driving the rotating piece to rotate and stir the mineral particle sample by the driving piece to form a sand storm, measuring the discharge frequency in the sand storm by a photoelectric measuring device, measuring the electric field intensity in the sand storm by an electrostatic measuring device, and measuring the spectral characteristics of plasma generated during discharge in the sand storm by a spectrometer;
and after the discharge times, the electric field intensity and the plasma spectral characteristic detection are finished, the driving part is closed.
Preferably, the spark atmosphere contains 95.5% of CO on the surface of the spark2Atmosphere, the pressure of the Mars is 700Pa low pressure.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the Mars sandstorm simulation experiment device provided by the invention is simple in structure and convenient to operate, can truly simulate the sandstorm on the surface of a Mars, is provided with the photoelectric measuring device, measures the discharge times in the sandstorm, can be used for researching the discharge rule of the sandstorm on the surface of the Mars, provides environment simulation conditions for truly simulating and detecting the physical and chemical characteristics of the sandstorm which maximally accord with the actual condition of the Mars, is beneficial to further Mars detection, and provides guarantee for the load and the safety of astronauts during Mars detection.
(2) The Mars sandstorm simulation experiment device provided by the invention is also provided with an electrostatic measurement device and a high-resolution spectrometer, measures the electric field intensity and the plasma spectral characteristics (namely, the spectral emission spectral line generated after the Mars atmosphere is excited) in the sandstorm, further provides an environment simulation condition for truly simulating and detecting the physical and chemical characteristics of the sandstorm which maximally accord with the actual condition of the Mars, is favorable for realizing the in-situ detection and analysis of the spectrum under the condition of simulating the sandstorm, and has important scientific significance for further Mars detection.
(3) The Mars dust storm simulation experiment device provided by the invention is used for measuring the spectral characteristics of the plasma, and the type of the free radical in the dust storm can be identified according to the spectral characteristics of the plasma, so that the evolution rule of the Mars atmosphere and the surface elements induced by the free radical is obtained, and a research basis is provided for further Mars detection.
(4) The Mars sandstorm simulation experiment method provided by the invention has simple steps, can truly simulate the sandstorm which meets the actual condition of Mars to the maximum extent, and can carry out online measurement on the discharge times, the discharge electric field and the plasma spectral characteristics, thereby providing a research basis for further Mars detection.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of a mars sandstorm simulation experiment apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of a mars sandstorm simulation experiment method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure, 1, a closed container, 11, a rotating blade, 12, a quartz window, 13, a through hole, 21, an optical fiber probe, 22, a photomultiplier, 23, an optical fiber, 3, a motor, 31, a motor transmission rod, 41, an electrometer, 42, an electrometer controller, 43, a vacuum flange, 44, an electrometer data line, 5, a high-resolution spectrometer, 51 and the optical fiber.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below by way of exemplary embodiments. It should be understood, however, that elements, structures and features of one embodiment may be beneficially incorporated in other embodiments without further recitation.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "inside", "outside", "top", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on positional relationships shown in the drawings, which are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a mars sandstorm simulation experiment apparatus, including a closed container 1 and a photoelectric measurement device, wherein a rotating member is disposed in the closed container, a driving member is disposed outside the closed container, and a driving rod of the driving member passes through the closed container and is connected to the rotating member; the photoelectric measuring device comprises an optical fiber probe 21 and a photomultiplier tube 22 connected with the optical fiber probe 21, wherein the optical fiber probe 21 is installed on the quartz window 12 of the closed container 1, and the photomultiplier tube 22 is positioned outside the closed container 1.
To achieve optical signal transmission between the fiber probe and the photomultiplier, with continued reference to fig. 1, the photomultiplier 22 is connected to the fiber probe 21 by an optical fiber 23. When a sandstorm simulation experiment is carried out, mineral particles mutually collide in the sandstorm and dust cyclone to induce an electrostatic discharge phenomenon, the optical fiber probe measures discharge flash in the sandstorm, the discharge flash is transmitted to the photomultiplier through the optical fiber, and the number of discharge times is counted through the photomultiplier.
Referring to fig. 1, as a preferred design of the experimental apparatus, the rotating member is a rotating blade 11, the driving member is a motor 3, and the motor 3 is connected with a motor transmission rod 31. Because the sealed container is completely sealed, the motor transmission rod needs to penetrate through the sealed container to be connected with the rotating blade, in order to realize effective connection between the motor transmission rod and the rotating blade, referring to fig. 1, the experimental device is further designed, the motor 3 is installed at the top of the sealed container 1, a through hole 13 is formed in the top of the sealed container 1, and the motor transmission rod 31 penetrates through the through hole 13 to be connected with the rotating blade 11.
When sand storm simulation is performed, in order to simulate the sand storm more truly, the sealed container needs to be kept in a sealed state, a certain gap exists between the through hole in the top of the sealed container and the motor transmission rod, and the experimental device is preferably designed in order to ensure the sealing between the motor transmission rod and the sealed container, a sealing element is arranged between the motor transmission rod 31 and the through hole 13, the sealing between the motor transmission rod 31 and the through hole 13 is realized through the sealing element, and here, the sealing element can be a sealing rubber ring or a sealing gasket.
When the sand storm simulation is carried out, mineral particles meeting the surface environment of the mars are firstly filled into a closed container, and the closed container is adjusted to the surface of the mars and contains 95.5 percent of CO2Starting a motor under the conditions of atmosphere and low air pressure of 700Pa, driving a rotating blade to rotate by the motor to form a sand storm, measuring an electric field in the sand storm by an electrometer, and transmitting the measured electric field data to an electrometer controller to realize the measurement of the electric field in the simulated sand storm; meanwhile, the optical fiber probe measures discharge flash in the sand storm from the quartz window and transmits the discharge flash to the photomultiplier through the optical fiber, so that the discharge frequency in the simulated sand storm is counted, the discharge rule can be known according to the discharge frequency, and a research basis is provided for Mars detection.
With continued reference to fig. 1, the above-described simulation experiment apparatus is further designed to further include an electrostatic measurement device, the electrostatic measurement device includes an electrometer 41 disposed in the closed container 1 and an electrometer controller 42 disposed outside the closed container 1, and the electrometer controller 42 is electrically connected to the electrometer 41. When carrying out the sand storm simulation experiment, mineral particles mutually collide in sand storm and dust whirlwind, induce the electrostatic discharge phenomenon, and the electric field is influenced in the discharge phenomenon, at this moment, through the electric field intensity among the electrostatic meter measurement sand storm to with measured electric field intensity data transmission for the electrostatic meter controller, realize the measurement to simulating electric field intensity among the sand storm, can learn the change of electric field according to electric field intensity, thereby for further providing the research basis to mars detection.
With continued reference to fig. 1, after the electrometer measures the electric field intensity in the sandstorm, it needs to transmit it to the electrometer controller, and in order to facilitate the signal transmission between the electrometer and the electrometer controller, the above-mentioned simulation experiment device is preferably designed, and the electrometer controller 42 is electrically connected with the electrometer 41 through the first vacuum flange 43 arranged on the outer wall of the closed container 1, so as to ensure that the measurement of the electric field in the simulated sandstorm is realized under the vacuum-tight condition. The electrometer 41 and the vacuum flange 43, and the vacuum flange 43 and the electrometer controller 42 are connected through an electrometer data line 44.
With continuing reference to fig. 1, the above simulation experiment device is further designed, and the simulation experiment device further includes a high resolution spectrometer 5 with a wavelength range of 200 and 1100nm, wherein the high resolution spectrometer 5 is located outside the closed container 1 and is connected to the closed container 1 through an optical fiber 51. The discharge phenomenon in a dust storm can generate a large amount of oxygen-containing free radicals to induce changes of Mars atmosphere and surface elements. When a sand storm simulation experiment is carried out, spectral emission spectral lines generated after free radicals generated by discharge in a sand storm in a closed container are excited are transmitted to a spectrometer through optical fibers, measurement of spectral characteristics of plasmas in the simulated sand storm is achieved, the types of the free radicals in the sand storm are identified according to the spectral characteristics of the plasmas, and therefore the evolution rule that the free radicals induce Mars atmosphere and surface elements is obtained, and a research basis is provided for further Mars detection. The spectrometer with high sensitivity is required for measuring the spectral characteristics of the plasma, so that the wavelength range of the spectrometer is 200-1100nm, and the spectrometer can be selected randomly in the wavelength range during a sand storm experiment. That is, any spectrometer with wavelength range of 200 and 1100nm can complete the measurement of the plasma spectrum characteristics in the sandstorm.
When the sand storm simulation experiment device is used for carrying out the sand storm simulation experiment, the closed container needs to be adjusted to the low-pressure environment of the mars atmosphere and the mars, and the closed container needs to be adjusted to the environment containing 95.5 percent of CO on the surface of the mars2Atmosphere and a low pressure condition of 700 Pa.
Referring to fig. 2, an embodiment of the present invention further discloses a sandstorm simulation experiment method, which adopts the sandstorm simulation experiment apparatus in the above embodiment, and the specific experiment steps are as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting a mineral particle sample in the sand storm according to the characteristics of soil components on the surface of the mars; filling a mineral particle sample into the closed container;
step two: the closed container is adjusted to be under the conditions of the Mars atmosphere and the pressure of the Mars, namely the surface of the Mars contains 95.5 percent of CO2Atmosphere and low pressure condition of 700 Pa;
step three: starting a driving piece, driving the rotating piece to rotate and stir the mineral particle sample by the driving piece to form a sand storm, measuring the discharge frequency in the sand storm by a photoelectric measuring device, measuring the electric field intensity in the sand storm by an electrostatic measuring device, and measuring the spectral characteristics of plasma generated during discharge in the sand storm by a spectrometer;
step four: and after the discharge times, the electric field intensity and the plasma spectral characteristic detection are finished, the driving part is closed.
In the experimental method, when the Mars environment is simulated in vacuum through the Mars environment simulation, the simulation parameters of the Mars environment comprise atmosphere, air pressure and temperature and humidity.
The experimental method can simulate the sand storm under the Mars environment, detect the electrostatic discharge phenomenon in the sand storm caused by mutual collision of mineral particles in the sand storm and dust cyclone, truly simulate the sand storm which conforms to the actual condition of Mars to the maximum extent by measuring the discharge frequency, the discharge electric field and the plasma spectrum characteristic, and provide a research basis for further Mars detection.
The above-described embodiments are intended to illustrate rather than to limit the invention, and any modifications and variations of the present invention are possible within the spirit and scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A mars dust storm simulation experiment device which characterized in that includes:
the device comprises a closed container, wherein a rotating part is arranged in the closed container, a driving part is arranged outside the closed container, a transmission rod of the driving part penetrates through the closed container to be connected with the rotating part, and in the experimental process, the driving part drives the rotating part to rotate and stir the mineral particle sample in the closed container to form a sand storm;
the photoelectric measuring device comprises an optical fiber probe and a photomultiplier connected with the optical fiber probe, the optical fiber probe is installed on a quartz window of the closed container, and the photomultiplier is located outside the closed container.
2. The Mars dust storm simulation experiment device of claim 1, further comprising an electrostatic measurement device, comprising an electrometer disposed in the closed container and an electrometer controller disposed outside the closed container, wherein the electrometer controller is electrically connected with the electrometer.
3. The Mars dust storm simulation experiment device of claim 2, wherein the electrometer controller is electrically connected with the electrometer through a vacuum flange arranged on the outer wall of the closed container, and the electrometer is connected with the vacuum flange and the electrometer controller through electrometer data lines.
4. The Mars dust storm simulation experiment device of claim 1 or 2, further comprising a high resolution spectrometer with a wavelength range of 200 and 1100nm, wherein the high resolution spectrometer is located outside the closed container and connected with the closed container through an optical fiber.
5. A mars dust storm simulation experiment device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the photomultiplier is connected to the fiber-optic probe through an optical fiber.
6. A Mars dust storm simulation experiment device according to claim 1 or 5, wherein the rotating member is a rotating blade, the driving member is a motor, and the motor is connected with a motor transmission rod.
7. A Mars dust storm simulation experiment device according to claim 6, wherein the motor is installed at the top of the closed container, a through hole is formed at the top of the closed container, and the motor transmission rod passes through the through hole and is connected with the rotating blade.
8. A Mars dust storm simulation experiment device according to claim 7, wherein a sealing member is arranged between the motor transmission rod and the through hole.
9. A Mars dust storm simulation experiment method, which adopts the Mars dust storm simulation experiment device of claim 4, is characterized in that the concrete experiment steps are as follows: selecting a mineral particle sample in a sand storm according to the characteristics of the soil components on the surface of the mars, and filling the mineral particle sample in a closed container;
the closed container is debugged to be under the conditions of Mars atmosphere and Mars pressure;
starting a driving piece, driving the rotating piece to rotate and stir the mineral particle sample by the driving piece to form a sand storm, measuring the discharge frequency in the sand storm by a photoelectric measuring device, measuring the electric field intensity in the sand storm by an electrostatic measuring device, and measuring the spectral characteristics of plasma generated during discharge in the sand storm by a spectrometer; and after the discharge times, the electric field intensity and the plasma spectral characteristic detection are finished, the driving part is closed.
10. A mars dust storm simulation experiment method as claimed in claim 9, wherein said mars atmosphere is an atmosphere containing 95.5% CO2 on the surface of mars, and the pressure of mars is 700 Pa.
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| CN107290002B true CN107290002B (en) | 2019-12-27 |
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| CN111579193B (en) * | 2020-04-20 | 2022-05-31 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Mars dust storm environment simulation device |
| CN112146905B (en) * | 2020-09-04 | 2022-12-23 | 兰州空间技术物理研究所 | Space high-speed charged particle simulation device and method |
| CN113682500B (en) * | 2021-08-20 | 2023-11-17 | 吉林大学 | Test environment for simulating complex Mars topography and landform |
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