CN107288619B - Intelligent control method and device for oil well - Google Patents
Intelligent control method and device for oil well Download PDFInfo
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- CN107288619B CN107288619B CN201610962274.8A CN201610962274A CN107288619B CN 107288619 B CN107288619 B CN 107288619B CN 201610962274 A CN201610962274 A CN 201610962274A CN 107288619 B CN107288619 B CN 107288619B
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- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 173
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241001023788 Cyttus traversi Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/04—Measuring depth or liquid level
- E21B47/047—Liquid level
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/008—Monitoring of down-hole pump systems, e.g. for the detection of "pumped-off" conditions
- E21B47/009—Monitoring of walking-beam pump systems
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/06—Measuring temperature or pressure
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/12—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling
- E21B47/14—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling using acoustic waves
- E21B47/16—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling using acoustic waves through the drill string or casing, e.g. by torsional acoustic waves
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Abstract
An intelligent control method and a device for an oil well, wherein the control method comprises the following steps: step 1: setting the oil liquid level depth; step 2: detecting casing pressure in the oil well, if casing pressure exists in the oil well, controlling gas in an oil well casing to be discharged out of the oil well to produce sound, and obtaining the depth of the oil liquid level according to the sound velocity and the time difference; if no casing pressure in the oil well casing is detected, pressurizing gas in the casing to the gas storage cylinder outside the well, and then injecting gas into the oil well casing to produce sound so as to obtain the depth of the oil liquid level; and step 3: and comparing the actually measured oil level depth with the set oil level depth, and determining whether to pump oil or not according to the error value of the actually measured oil level depth and the set oil level depth. The invention also comprises an intelligent control device for the oil well. On one hand, the invention can fully utilize the pressure difference in the oil well to accurately obtain the specific position of the oil liquid level, and the oil extraction efficiency is intelligently improved; on the other hand, the impact force of the oil pumping rod and the starting current of the motor can be reduced when the oil pumping motor is started, and the starting safety and the service life of the oil pumping motor are improved when the oil pumping motor is used.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil pumping in oil fields, in particular to an intelligent control method and device for an oil well.
Background
The sucker rod is an important part of sucker rod pumping equipment. The pumping rod is generally connected into a pumping rod string through a coupling, the upper part of the pumping rod string is connected with a pumping unit through a polished rod, the lower part of the pumping rod string is connected with a plunger of the pumping pump, and the pumping rod string has the function of transmitting the reciprocating motion of a mule head suspension point of the ground pumping unit to the underground oil well pump. When the pumping unit works, the walking beam horse head is driven by the motor to reciprocate, and then the horse head drives the polished rod and the pumping rod to do vertical reciprocating linear motion, and the motion is transmitted to a piston in the underground oil well pump through the pumping rod.
Before pumping, the sucker rod needs to know the position of the oil surface in the well, and when the oil surface is controlled to produce oil, if the oil surface is too deep, the oil is not easy to be pumped out, and even if the oil can be pumped out, the efficiency is also very low. Therefore, how to find the optimal liquid level is an urgent technical problem to be solved.
In addition, the existing sucker rod is usually stopped at the lowest point of the movement of the sucker rod when the sucker rod stops working, so that the following defects can be caused: (1) once the work is restarted, the sucker rod moves upwards firstly, the counter weight of the sucker rod in the well is large, and the sucker rod needs to overcome certain gravity when moving upwards, so that the motor is required to generate large starting current at the starting moment. On the one hand, the large starting current can lead the motor winding to generate heat and the insulation to age, thereby shortening the service life of the motor; on the other hand, the voltage of the power grid fluctuates, so that the normal operation of other equipment connected to the power grid is influenced; (2) when the sucker rod moves upwards, the sucker rod is easy to break, thereby greatly wasting the cost; (3) the sucker rod moves upwards first, can prolong the oil pumping time, reduces work efficiency, and then reduces the oil pumping output, influences the performance of enterprises.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide the intelligent control method and the intelligent control device for the oil well, which have the advantages of high oil extraction efficiency, short oil pumping time and high working efficiency.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the invention relates to an intelligent control method for an oil well, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: setting the oil liquid level depth;
step 2: detecting casing pressure in the oil well, and controlling gas in the oil well casing to be discharged out of the well if casing pressure exists in the oil well casing
Sounding, wherein the sound goes downwards along the well head casing pipe, rebounds after contacting the oil liquid level, returns to the well head along the casing pipe, and obtains the depth of the oil liquid level according to the sound velocity and the time difference; if no casing pressure in the oil well casing is detected, pressurizing gas in the casing to the gas storage cylinder outside the well, and then injecting gas into the oil well casing to produce sound so as to obtain the depth of the oil liquid level;
and step 3: comparing the actually measured oil level depth with the set oil level depth, and according to the error value of the two
And determining whether oil is pumped or not.
Further, still include: and in the oil pumping process, the load weight of the oil pumping rod and the electric energy parameters in the oil pumping process are detected in real time.
Further, still include: processing and remotely sending the acquired detection data to a system terminal, and setting the data at the system terminal
The oil level depth.
The invention relates to an intelligent control device for an oil well, which comprises:
a main controller;
the micro-sound sensor is used for receiving sound wave signals;
the pressure transmitter is used for detecting the casing pressure in the oil well casing;
the wellhead sounding device comprises a pressurization air pump, an air injection electromagnetic valve towards the inside of the well and an air injection electromagnetic valve towards the outside of the well, wherein when casing pressure does not exist in the casing pipe of the oil well, the air injection electromagnetic valve towards the inside of the well is opened, and the pressurization air pump injects air into the oil well through the air injection electromagnetic valve towards the inside of the well to sound through an air storage cylinder; when casing pressure exists in the oil well casing, the electromagnetic valve for injecting air to the outside of the well is opened, and the inside of the oil well casing produces sound by exhausting air outwards;
the micro-sound sensor and the pressure transmitter are connected with the input end of the main controller, and the pressurizing air pump, the air injection electromagnetic valve in the well and the air injection electromagnetic valve outside the well are connected with the output end of the main controller.
Furthermore, the main controller is connected with the indicator diagram detection module and the electrical parameter detection module through a first communication interface.
Furthermore, the main controller is connected with the wireless data transmission module through a second communication interface.
Further, the main controller communicates with the system terminal through the wireless data transmission module.
Further, the main controller comprises an I/O interface processing unit, a logical relationship processor, a communication manager and a data processing unit, wherein the I/O interface processing unit is connected with the logical relationship processor, and the communication manager and the data processing unit are controlled by the logical relationship processor.
The intelligent positioning system is characterized by further comprising an oil pumping unit low impact point starting intelligent positioning module, the main controller is connected with the oil pumping unit low impact point starting intelligent positioning module through a start-stop signal interface, and the start-stop signal interface is used for receiving an instruction sent by a system terminal.
Further, the low impact point of beam-pumping unit starts intelligent orientation module and includes:
the position sensor is used for detecting the motion position of the sucker rod, and the time difference between two adjacent detections is the motion period of the sucker rod;
the starting positioning controller is used for controlling the starting and stopping of the pumping unit and the pumping motor, setting the driving parameters of the pumping motor, calculating the detection signal transmitted by the position sensor and controlling the pumping rod to reach the target position by combining the first angle and the second angle;
the oil pumping motor is used for driving the oil pumping rod to move up and down repeatedly;
the single-phase rectification unit is used for converting the input current into proper current, transmitting the proper current to the oil pumping motor and braking the oil pumping motor;
the voice broadcasting device is used for warning people near the pumping unit to get away from the pumping unit;
and the electric control mechanical brake device is used for performing parking brake on the oil pumping motor to finally stop the oil pumping rod at the upper limit position of the movement of the oil pumping motor.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the specific position of the oil liquid level can be accurately obtained by fully utilizing the pressure difference in the oil well, the oil extraction efficiency is improved through intelligent control, the cost of the detection device is low, and the procedure is simplified;
(2) once the oil pumping motor starts to work again, the oil pumping rod can directly move downwards without moving upwards to overcome certain gravity, so that the impact force of the oil pumping rod and the starting current of the oil pumping motor during starting are reduced, the starting safety of the oil pumping motor during use can be improved, and the service life of the oil pumping motor can be prolonged;
(3) the sucker rod can be effectively prevented from being broken, and the cost is greatly saved;
(4) the remote monitoring is realized, and the aim of unattended operation is fulfilled.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of an oil pumping motor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic electrical diagram of a braking system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of a voice broadcast device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a method for detecting a depth of an oil level according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic flow chart of a positioning method for starting an intelligent positioning module at a low impact point of an oil pumping unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and specific examples.
As shown in fig. 1: an intelligent control device for an oil well comprises a micro-sound sensor QS2, a pressure transmitter QS1, a wellhead sounding device and a main controller UM 7; the micro-sound sensor QS2 and the pressure transmitter QS1 are connected with the input end of the main controller UM7, and the wellhead sounding device is connected with the output end of the main controller UM 7.
Specifically, in order to know the position of the oil level, the present embodiment introduces a micro-sound sensor QS2, whose detection principle is: the sound is generated at the wellhead, the sound is transmitted to the oil level along the sleeve and then rebounded, the sound returns to the wellhead along the sleeve, the time of the sound is obtained by receiving the sound wave signal at the wellhead, and the depth of the oil level from the wellhead is obtained by multiplying the sound velocity by the time.
The pressure transmitter QS1 is used to detect the casing pressure in the well. The wellhead sounding device comprises a pressurization air pump M1, an air injection electromagnetic valve DY1 towards the inside of the well and an air injection electromagnetic valve DY2 towards the outside of the well, when the casing of the oil well is not casing pressure, the air injection electromagnetic valve DY1 towards the inside of the well is opened, then the gas in the casing is pressurized to an air storage cylinder outside the well, and the pressurization air pump M1 injects air into the oil well through the air storage cylinder and the air injection electromagnetic valve DY1 towards the inside of the well to sound; when casing pressure exists in the oil well casing, the air injection electromagnetic valve DY2 towards the outside of the well is opened, and the inside of the oil well produces sound by exhausting outwards. Wherein, the casing pressure refers to the pressure in the oil well casing.
The design idea of this embodiment is: because the wellhead sound production device is very wide in the casing pressure coverage range of an oil well, the pressure is different from zero casing pressure to dozens of MPa, if the pressure transmitter QS1 detects that the casing pressure exists, the wellhead sound production device produces sound through deflation, full-frequency-band sound can be produced during deflation and transmitted underground, the deflated sound almost contains the full frequency band, but the full frequency band can be transmitted only in the sound of an infrasound wave band, if the sound with high frequency is transmitted, the sound can be attenuated by the infrasound after the transmission is usually stopped, but the infrasound is not easy to attenuate, and can be transmitted continuously. In addition, air injection can be realized only by pressure difference, if the pressure difference in the well is low, air in the well can be discharged outwards to generate sound, and if the pressure in the well is equal to or very close to the pressure outside the well, a pressure difference needs to be provided outside, so that the booster air pump M1 and two air transmission electromagnetic valves, namely the air injection electromagnetic valve DY1 towards the inside of the well and the air injection electromagnetic valve DY2 towards the outside of the well are designed in the embodiment, the high pressure end of the air injection electromagnetic valve DY2 towards the inside of the well, and the high pressure end of the air injection electromagnetic valve towards the inside of the well.
The specific working principle is as follows: if casing pressure in the well is detected, the air injection electromagnetic valve DY2 towards the outside of the well is opened, air is exhausted from the inside of the well to the outside of the well, pulse generated after the air injection electromagnetic valve DY2 towards the outside of the well is electrified defines opening time of the electromagnetic valve, after the air injection electromagnetic valve DY2 towards the outside of the well is opened, a jet of air is ejected in a short time to generate sound, the sound can go downwards along a well opening sleeve and is contacted with the place with the oil liquid level all the time, the sound rebounding can be generated, and therefore the position of the oil liquid level is obtained through detection of the micro sound sensor QS 2.
If the pressure transmitter QS1 detects that no casing pressure exists in the well, the pressure is boosted outside the well through the booster pump M1, specifically, gas in the casing is boosted into the gas storage cylinder outside the well, and at the moment when the gas injection solenoid valve DY1 in the well is opened, a jet of gas is sprayed into the casing of the oil well to generate sound, the sound is transmitted to the oil level along the casing of the well head downwards, the sound rebounds and returns to the well head along the casing, and therefore the position of the oil level is obtained through detection of the micro-sound sensor QS 2.
The above structure of the present embodiment has the following advantages: the pressure difference in the oil well can be fully utilized to accurately obtain the specific position of the oil liquid level, the oil extraction efficiency is improved, the cost of the detection device is low, and the procedure is simplified.
Further, the embodiment further comprises an indicator diagram detection module UM8 and an electrical parameter detection module UM 9. The indicator diagram detection module UM8 is used for measuring the working efficiency of the pumping unit and the condition of an oil well in the oil pumping process. The basic unit of the indicator diagram detection module UM8 is a load sensor for detecting the load weight of the sucker rod. The electrical parameter detection module UM9 is used for detecting indicators of electrical energy, including current, voltage, power factor, etc. The main controller UM7 is connected with the indicator diagram detection module UM8 and the electrical parameter detection module UM9 through the RS485 port 1, namely, the data detected by the indicator diagram detection module UM8 and the electrical parameter detection module UM9 are transmitted to the main controller UM7 through the RS485 port 1.
In addition, the main controller UM7 is also connected with a wireless data transmission module through an RS485 port 2, and the wireless data transmission module is used for exchanging data with the system terminal. The wireless data transmission module of the present embodiment is preferably a GPRS DTU remote control module UM 10. The system terminal can be a server, a PC, a smart phone and the like.
Further, the main controller UM7 includes an I/O interface processing unit 1, a logical relationship processor 2, a communication manager 3, and a data processing unit.
Specifically, for two RS485 serial ports, when to start the first path and when to start the second path, the communication manager 3 manages the two RS485 serial ports. Because the devices loaded by the RS485 port are different, for example, the RS485 port 2 is loaded with two units, namely, the indicator diagram detection module UM8 and the electrical parameter detection module UM9, and the RS485 port 1 is loaded with one unit, namely, the GPRS DTU remote control module UM10, because only one path of signal can be output at the same time, but the two paths of signals loaded by the RS485 port have different baud rates due to different requirements, when data exchange is performed, the speed of the required path of signal is higher, namely, the speed of the RS485 port 1 is higher, and the module executed on site has a lower baud rate due to the problem of communication reliability, so that the module is divided into two paths of serial ports, thereby greatly improving the reliability of data transmission.
The data processing unit comprises an indicator diagram data processing unit 4, an electric energy parameter data processing unit 5, a dynamic oil level detection unit 6 and an intelligent oil extraction data processing unit 7.
The indicator diagram data processing unit 4 is configured to perform corresponding processing on the data sent by the indicator diagram detecting module UM8, and convert the data into a data type required by the I/O interface processing unit 1. The power parameter data processing unit 5 is configured to perform corresponding processing on the data sent by the electrical parameter detection module UM9, and convert the data into a data type required by the I/O interface processing unit 1. The dynamic oil level detection unit 6 is used for converting the obtained sound wave signal into a data type required by the I/O interface processing unit 1 through a/D conversion, filtering and other processing. The intelligent oil recovery data processing unit 7 is used for controlling the whole oil recovery process according to the result summarized by the data such as the dynamic oil level, the indicator diagram and the like and according to the set conditions, for example, when to start oil recovery, when to stop oil recovery, the depth of the oil level, the oil recovery speed and the like, and the intelligent oil recovery data processing unit is used for processing and controlling the oil recovery process. The data processed by each data processing unit is transmitted to a system terminal through a GPRS DTU remote control module UM10, and the current conditions of the oil well, such as the oil level depth, the casing pressure, the electric energy parameter, the load weight of the sucker rod and the like, can be seen through accessing the system terminal.
The communication manager 3 and the data processing unit are controlled by the logical relation processor 2, the system terminal sends a logical instruction to the logical relation processor to let the logical relation processor process which unit, the logical relation processor will control the unit to work according to the logical instruction, and the processing object of the I/O interface processing unit 1 is configured correspondingly.
Further, the main controller UM7 is connected with the low impact point starting intelligent positioning module of the oil pumping unit through the start-stop signal interface SK. The start-stop signal interface is used for receiving instructions sent by system terminals such as an upper computer or a server, if the current oil well needs to pump oil, the main controller UM7 controls the oil pumping unit to start the intelligent positioning module at a low impact point, and if the oil well does not need to pump oil, the main controller UM7 cannot be started.
Furthermore, the depth of the oil liquid level is set at the system terminal, and whether oil is pumped or not and the pumping speed are determined according to the error value by comparing the actually measured oil liquid level depth with the set depth.
As shown in FIGS. 2-4: the low impact point starting intelligent positioning module of the oil pumping unit comprises a starting positioning controller UM2, a position sensor, an oil pumping motor DM1, a single-phase rectifying unit, a voice broadcasting device UM6 and an electric control mechanical brake device.
The start positioning controller UM2 of this embodiment is provided with a button for setting internal parameters of the start positioning controller UM2, such as a first angle for turning off the power of the pumping motor after the pumping rod reaches a lower position, a second angle for turning on the brake after the pumping motor DM1 is turned off, and alarm time. The start positioning controller UM2 can be used for controlling the start and stop of the pumping unit, setting internal parameters, calculating the detection signal transmitted by the position sensor, and controlling the sucker rod to reach the target position by combining the first angle and the second angle.
The position sensor of the embodiment is preferably a proximity switch SQ which is a three-wire NPN type explosion-proof proximity switch, and is used for sensing the position change of the sucker rod of the pumping unit when the pumping unit is in operation and transmitting the position change of the sucker rod in the operation process to the start positioning controller UM 2. The proximity switch SQ is installed at a proper position below the sucker rod, when the sucker rod moves downwards and the proximity switch SQ is triggered by a signal, a high level signal is output to the start positioning controller UM2, the time difference between two adjacent detections of the proximity switch SQ is the movement period of the sucker rod, and the oil pumping speed of the sucker rod can be calculated by the start positioning controller UM 2.
The parameter setting of this embodiment is reasonable and can not exceed the range. Specifically, the step of disconnecting the power supply of the pumping motor after the sucker rod reaches the lower limit position refers to the step of disconnecting the power supply of the pumping motor when the sucker rod is at any position between the lower limit position and the upper limit position of the movement of the sucker rod, so that the setting range of the first angle is required to meet the requirement that the sucker rod cannot enter the setting range of the first angle when the sucker rod moves upwards and downwards (i.e. into an oil well). The angle value is set in relation to the pulse output by start positioning controller UM2, and the pulse output by start positioning controller UM2 is calculated from the detection signal transmitted by start positioning controller UM2 close to switch SQ, so as to open the range of the first angle value. In addition, the principle of the second angle for starting and braking after the oil pumping motor DM1 is powered off is the same as that of the first angle, the time difference between the second angle and the first angle is the inertial rotation time generated by the continuous rotation of the mechanical inertia after the oil pumping motor DM1 is powered off, and the numerical range of the second angle depends on the grasp of whether the sucker rod is about to reach the upper limit position.
Furthermore, the output end of the start positioning controller UM2 is connected with the power input ends of the oil pumping motor DM1 and the single-phase rectification unit respectively through an interlocking circuit formed by the main oil pumping motor control switch KM1 and the brake power control switch KM 2.
Specifically, the output end of the start positioning controller UM2 is connected with the oil pumping motor DM1 through a coil of a brake power supply control switch KM2 and a normally closed contact of a main oil pumping motor control switch KM1 in sequence; the output end of the start positioning controller UM2 is also connected with the power input end of the single-phase rectification unit through the coil of the main oil pumping motor control switch KM1 and the normally closed contact of the brake power control switch KM2 in sequence. The principle is as follows: when the coil of the KM1 is electrified and attracted, the normally closed contact of the KM1 is disconnected, the start positioning controller UM2 cannot control the start and stop of the main loop of the oil pumping motor DM1, and the single-phase rectification unit can be electrified to work to control the oil pumping motor DM1 to perform braking operation; on the contrary, when the coil of KM2 is electrified and the normally closed contact of KM2 is opened, the single-phase rectifying unit cannot work, and the main control circuit of the oil pumping motor DM1 can work normally. In addition, the voltage at the main pumping motor control switch KM1 was the same as the voltage at the brake power control switch KM 2.
Further, the single-phase rectifier unit is used for converting the input current into appropriate current, transmitting the appropriate current to the oil pumping motor DM1 and controlling the braking of the oil pumping motor DM1, and comprises an alternating current converter UM3, a transformer B1 and a rectifying constant current module UM4, wherein the power input end of the single-phase rectifier unit is electrically connected with the oil pumping motor DM1 through the alternating current converter UM3, the transformer B1 and the rectifying constant current module UM4 in sequence.
Specifically, the role of the ac converter UM3 is: if the current at the input end of the power supply is overlarge, the current can be restrained by the AC current transformer UM3, the current is prevented from exceeding the rated current, and meanwhile, the impact is reduced. The transformer B1 has the function of reducing the voltage to provide a braking voltage, and the function of isolating the control loop from the main loop. The rectifying constant current module UM4 is used for converting the alternating current of the transformer B1 into direct current and controlling the direct current.
Further, the electric control mechanical brake device comprises a parking controller UM5, a parking motor DM2 and a mechanical brake device, wherein the output end of the start positioning controller UM2 is connected with the parking controller through a parking switch J2, the output end of the parking controller UM5 is connected with a parking motor DM2, and the parking motor DM2 controls the mechanical brake device to perform parking brake on the oil pumping motor DM 1.
The parking brake in the embodiment means that the oil pumping motor DM1 is completely stopped, and the brake means that the oil pumping motor is prevented from being influenced by external force when the oil pumping motor DM1 is stopped, so that the oil pumping motor is kept in a static state.
Furthermore, this embodiment also includes voice broadcast device UM6, such as speaker or loudspeaker, and the output that starts positioning controller UM2 is connected with voice broadcast device UM6 through alarm switch J1. After the alarm switch J1 is closed, the voice broadcasting device UM6 can broadcast voice through a horn or a loudspeaker to warn people nearby the pumping unit to get away from the pumping unit, and the pumping unit can start to work.
Further, the present embodiment further includes a first power supply and a second power supply.
Specifically, the first power supply is a switching power supply UM1 and supplies power to a main controller UM7 and a starting and positioning controller UM2, the power input end of a main control circuit of the oil pumping motor DM1 is connected to commercial power through a three-phase circuit breaker QF, the U end of the three-phase circuit breaker QF is connected to the power input end of the switching power supply UM1, the V end of the three-phase circuit breaker QF is connected to the power input end of a parking controller UM5, and the V end and the W end of the three-phase circuit breaker QF are used as second power supplies and connected to the single. The main controller UM2, the start positioning controller UM2, the parking controller UM5 and the single-phase rectifying unit are separately powered to avoid mutual interference
As shown in fig. 5: the method for detecting the oil liquid level depth in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
s501: the oil level depth is set.
The appropriate oil level depth is set at the system terminal and sent to the master controller UM7, by logic in the master controller UM7
The relation processor 2 controls the dynamic oil level detection unit 6 to perform operations according to the transmitted instructions.
S502: detecting casing pressure in the oil well, and controlling the gas in the oil well casing to release gas to the outside of the well if the casing pressure is in the oil well casing
The sound goes down along the well head casing pipe, after the sound contacts the oil liquid level, the sound rebounds and returns to the well head along the casing pipe, and the depth of the oil liquid level is obtained according to the sound velocity and the time difference; if no casing pressure is detected in the oil well casing, the gas in the casing is pressurized to the gas storage cylinder outside the well, and then the gas is jetted into the oil well casing to produce sound, so that the depth of the oil liquid level is obtained.
S503: and comparing the actually measured oil level depth with the set oil level depth, and determining whether to pump oil or not according to the error value of the actually measured oil level depth and the set oil level depth.
The dynamic oil level detection unit 6 obtains an error value through a series of processing and calculation, if the error value is smaller than a certain set value, the I/O interface processing unit 1 sends a signal to a system terminal, the system terminal sends an oil pumping unit starting command to the main controller UM7, namely the main controller UM7 controls the oil pumping unit starting command received by the system terminal through the start-stop signal interface SK, and the oil pumping unit low impact point starts the intelligent positioning module for control.
As shown in fig. 6: the method for positioning the low impact point starting intelligent positioning module of the pumping unit comprises the following steps:
s601: and setting parameters of the driving of the oil pumping motor, wherein the parameters comprise a first angle for disconnecting the power supply of the oil pumping motor after the oil pumping rod reaches the lower limit position, a second angle for starting and braking after the oil pumping motor is powered off, and voice alarm time before the oil pumping motor is started.
After the first angle is set, the sucker rod can be guaranteed to be just between the lower limit position and the upper limit position of movement when the first angle is reached, namely between the lowest point and the highest point of the movement of the sucker rod.
S602: when the starting positioning controller receives the starting signal, the voice alarm prompt is firstly carried out, then the electric control mechanical brake device is released, and then the oil pumping motor is started to drive the oil pumping rod to move up and down repeatedly.
When the main controller UM7 receives an oil pumping instruction sent by an upper computer, a signal is sent to a start positioning controller UM2, the start positioning controller UM2 firstly controls an alarm switch J1 to be closed, a voice broadcasting device UM6 starts an alarm to warn people near the oil pumping unit to be far away from the oil pumping unit, the oil pumping unit starts to work, and after the alarm is given for a few seconds, the start positioning controller UM2 controls a parking motor through a parking switch J2 and a parking controller UM5 to release a mechanical brake device, so that the mechanical brake device is separated from the oil pumping motor; and then the oil pumping motor starts to work, namely, a positioning controller UM2 is started to electrify a coil of a braking power supply control switch KM2, at the moment, the normally closed contact of KM2 is disconnected, the normally closed contact of a main oil pumping motor control switch KM1 is closed, a main control circuit of the oil pumping motor is started, and the oil pumping motor DM1 starts to work to drive the oil pumping rod to move up and down repeatedly.
S603: the motion state of the sucker rod is detected by the proximity switch, the time difference between two adjacent detections is the motion period of the sucker rod, and a detection signal is sent to the starting and positioning controller.
The proximity switch SQ is through the position change of the sucker rod of response beam-pumping unit to the position change transmission of sucker rod among the operation process starts positioning controller UM2, whenever the sucker rod moves down, when proximity switch SQ has the signal to trigger, will output high level signal and give and start positioning controller UM2, and the time difference that proximity switch SQ two adjacent detections is sucker rod movement cycle.
S604: and after the start positioning controller receives the stop signal, calculating the received detection signal, and disconnecting the power supply of the oil pumping motor when the oil pumping motor is to be detected to reach a first angle.
When the main controller UM7 receives an oil pumping stopping instruction sent by an upper computer, a signal is sent to the start positioning controller UM2, the start positioning controller UM2 judges whether the first angle is reached, if the first angle is reached, the normally closed contact of the main oil pumping motor control switch KM1 is disconnected, namely the main control circuit of the oil pumping motor is powered off.
S605: the oil pumping motor can continue to rotate due to mechanical inertia after being powered off, the proximity switch detects the motion state of the oil pumping rod in real time, when the oil pumping motor to be detected rotates to reach a second angle, the oil pumping motor is braked, and when the oil pumping rod stops at the upper limit position of the motion, the electric control mechanical brake device is switched on, so that the oil pumping rod stops completely.
The oil pumping motor can continuously rotate due to mechanical inertia after being powered off, the approach switch SQ detects the motion state of the oil pumping rod in real time, when the oil pumping motor to be detected rotates to reach a second angle, the coil of the main oil pumping motor control switch KM1 is electrified, the normally closed contact of the KM1 is disconnected at the moment, the normally closed contact of the braking power supply control switch KM2 is closed, the single-phase rectification unit starts to be electrified to work, braking voltage is provided, and the oil pumping motor DM1 stops working; when the sucker rod stops at the upper limit position of the movement of the sucker rod, the start positioning controller UM2 controls the parking motor through the parking switch J2 and the parking controller UM5 to control the mechanical brake device to perform parking brake on the oil pumping motor DM1, so that the oil pumping motor DM1 completely stops, and the sucker rod finally stops at the upper limit position of the movement.
In addition, during the pumping process of the sucker rod, the intelligent oil production data processing unit 7 transmits a series of collected data (including pumping)
Load weight, electric energy parameters, oil level depth and the like) of the oil rod are sent to a system terminal through the I/O interface processing unit 1 for an operator to check, so that remote monitoring is realized.
On one hand, the embodiment can fully utilize the pressure difference in the oil well to accurately obtain the specific position of the oil liquid level, the oil extraction efficiency is improved through intelligent control, the detection device is low in cost, and the procedure is simplified; on the other hand, the intelligent positioning module is started through a low impact point of the oil pumping unit, so that the impact force of the oil pumping rod and the starting current of the oil pumping motor during starting are reduced, and the starting safety and the service life of the oil pumping motor during use can be improved; in addition, remote monitoring can be realized, and the aim of unattended operation is fulfilled.
Claims (8)
1. An intelligent control method for an oil well is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: setting the oil liquid level depth;
step 2: detecting casing pressure in the oil well, if casing pressure exists in the oil well casing, controlling gas in the oil well casing to be discharged out of the well to produce sound, enabling the sound to go down along the well head casing, rebounding after the sound contacts the oil liquid level, returning to the well head along the casing, and obtaining the depth of the oil liquid level according to the sound velocity and the time difference; if no casing pressure in the oil well casing is detected, pressurizing gas in the casing to the gas storage cylinder outside the well, and then injecting gas into the oil well casing to produce sound so as to obtain the depth of the oil liquid level;
and step 3: comparing the actually measured oil level depth with the set oil level depth, and determining whether to pump oil or not according to the error value of the actually measured oil level depth and the set oil level depth;
and 4, step 4: when oil can be pumped, setting parameters driven by the oil pumping motor, wherein the parameters comprise a first rotating angle of the oil pumping motor for disconnecting the power supply of the oil pumping motor after the oil pumping rod reaches a lower limit position, a second rotating angle of the oil pumping motor for starting braking after the oil pumping motor is disconnected, and voice alarm time before the oil pumping motor is started;
and 5: when the starting positioning controller receives a starting signal, firstly, voice alarm prompt is carried out, then the electric control mechanical brake device is released, and then the oil pumping motor is started to drive the oil pumping rod to move up and down repeatedly;
step 6: the motion state of the sucker rod is detected by a position sensor, the time difference of two adjacent detections is the motion period of the sucker rod, and a detection signal is sent to a starting positioning controller;
and 7: after the start positioning controller receives the stop signal, calculating the received detection signal, and disconnecting the power supply of the oil pumping motor when the oil pumping motor is to be detected to reach a first angle;
and 8: the oil pumping motor can continue to rotate due to mechanical inertia after being powered off, the position sensor detects the motion state of the oil pumping rod in real time, when the oil pumping motor to be detected rotates to reach a second angle, the oil pumping motor is braked, and when the oil pumping rod stops at the upper limit position of the motion, the electric control mechanical brake device is switched on, so that the oil pumping rod stops completely.
2. An intelligent control method for an oil well according to claim 1, further comprising: and in the oil pumping process, the load weight of the oil pumping rod and the electric energy parameters in the oil pumping process are detected in real time.
3. An intelligent control method for an oil well according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by further comprising: and processing each acquired detection data and then remotely transmitting the processed detection data to a system terminal, and setting the oil level depth at the system terminal.
4. An oil well intelligent control device, characterized by comprising:
the intelligent positioning system comprises a main controller, a starting and stopping signal interface, a low impact point starting intelligent positioning module and a system terminal, wherein the main controller is connected with the oil pumping unit low impact point starting intelligent positioning module through the starting and stopping signal interface, and the starting and stopping signal interface is used for receiving an instruction sent by the system terminal;
the micro-sound sensor is used for receiving sound wave signals;
the pressure transmitter is used for detecting the casing pressure in the oil well casing;
the wellhead sounding device comprises a pressurization air pump, an air injection electromagnetic valve towards the inside of the well and an air injection electromagnetic valve towards the outside of the well, wherein when casing pressure does not exist in the casing pipe of the oil well, the air injection electromagnetic valve towards the inside of the well is opened, and the pressurization air pump injects air into the oil well through the air injection electromagnetic valve towards the inside of the well to sound through an air storage cylinder; when casing pressure exists in the oil well casing, the electromagnetic valve for injecting air to the outside of the well is opened, and the inside of the oil well casing produces sound by exhausting air outwards;
the micro-sound sensor and the pressure transmitter are connected with the input end of the main controller, and the pressurizing air pump, the air injection electromagnetic valve into the well and the air injection electromagnetic valve out of the well are connected with the output end of the main controller;
the low impact point of beam-pumping unit starts intelligent orientation module includes:
the position sensor is used for detecting the motion position of the sucker rod, and the time difference between two adjacent detections is the motion period of the sucker rod;
the starting positioning controller is used for controlling the starting and stopping of the pumping unit and the pumping motor, setting the driving parameters of the pumping motor, calculating the detection signal transmitted by the position sensor, and controlling the pumping rod to reach the target position by combining a first rotating angle of the pumping motor for disconnecting the power supply of the pumping motor after the pumping rod reaches the lower position and a second rotating angle of the pumping motor for starting and braking after the pumping motor is powered off;
the oil pumping motor is used for driving the oil pumping rod to move up and down repeatedly;
the single-phase rectification unit is used for converting the input current into proper current, transmitting the proper current to the oil pumping motor and braking the oil pumping motor;
the voice broadcasting device is used for warning people near the pumping unit to get away from the pumping unit;
and the electric control mechanical brake device is used for performing parking brake on the oil pumping motor to finally stop the oil pumping rod at the upper limit position of the movement of the oil pumping motor.
5. An intelligent control device for an oil well according to claim 4, wherein the main controller is connected with the indicator diagram detection module and the electrical parameter detection module through a first communication interface.
6. An intelligent control device for an oil well as defined in claim 4, wherein the main controller is connected with the wireless data transmission module through the second communication interface.
7. An intelligent control device for an oil well according to claim 6, wherein the main controller communicates with a system terminal through the wireless data transmission module.
8. An intelligent control device for an oil well according to any one of claims 4 to 7, wherein the main controller comprises an I/O interface processing unit, a logical relationship processor, a communication manager and a data processing unit, the I/O interface processing unit is connected with the logical relationship processor, and the communication manager and the data processing unit are controlled by the logical relationship processor.
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| CN113719274B (en) * | 2021-09-09 | 2023-08-22 | 西南石油大学 | Automatic monitoring system and monitoring method for underground working fluid level for well drilling |
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