CN107287446A - The quick reducing process of lateritic nickel ore rotary kiln - Google Patents
The quick reducing process of lateritic nickel ore rotary kiln Download PDFInfo
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- CN107287446A CN107287446A CN201710472037.8A CN201710472037A CN107287446A CN 107287446 A CN107287446 A CN 107287446A CN 201710472037 A CN201710472037 A CN 201710472037A CN 107287446 A CN107287446 A CN 107287446A
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- nickel ore
- rotary kiln
- lateritic nickel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
- C22B23/02—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by dry processes
- C22B23/021—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by dry processes by reduction in solid state, e.g. by segregation processes
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of quick reducing process of lateritic nickel ore rotary kiln, comprise the following steps：Agglomerate is pressed into after lateritic nickel ore and compound additive are mixed, compound additive includes coal dust and lime stone；Agglomerate is dried, preheat after enter in rotary kiln, add reduction coal, carry out reducing and obtaining going back original product under reducing atmosphere；Reduction product cooling, screening and magnetic separation are obtained into magnetic product；Magnetic product is crushed, ore grinding and magnetic separation obtain high nickel ore concentrate.The present invention is using low-grade laterite nickel ore as raw material, develop in agglomerate ensures that lateritic nickel ore agglomerate hot charging enters kiln with fuel, shaft furnace preheating agglomerate, hot blast three kinds of modes of delivering coal, realize that full kiln high temperature is quickly reduced, so as to reduce kiln temperature, shorten the recovery time, high nickel ore concentrate is effectively produced from low-grade laterite nickel ore.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to metallurgical and materials science field, it particularly relates to which a kind of lateritic nickel ore rotary kiln is quick
Reducing process.
Background technology
The nickel in the world current 60% or so is extracted from sulphide ore, and high-grade sulphide ore is gradually decreased, and mining depth
Increasingly increase, cost is gradually stepped up.Due to petering out for nickel sulfide ore resource, the nickel sulfide mine of newly-built exploitation is few,
The exploitation of lateritic nickel ore increasingly draws attention.Lateritic nickel ore will replace nickel sulfide ore to turn into main nickel production in the near future
Amount source, it is imperative for improving the developmental research of traditional handicraft and new technology of smelting red clay nickel ore.The world is verified
1.6 hundred million tons of lateritic nickel ore nickel metal reserves, but only 800,000 tons of China, and belong to low-grade ore.Due to domestic stainless steel demand
Vigorous and import low-grade laterite nickel ore low price, the pyrometallurgical smelting of low-grade laterite nickel ore for China's nickel resources with
And the long term growth meaning of steel and iron industry is still great.
Due in lateritic nickel ore nickel it is main with class matter with phase formal distribution in silicon forsterite or goethite, physics point
Choosing is difficult to be enriched with.In recent years, substantial amounts of research shows that direct-reduction is the effective means for handling this difficult smelting mineral.But by
In lateritic nickel ore, silicon, content of magnesium are high, and fusing point is high, and mineralization ability is weak, and reduction needs temperature high, and the time is long, and lateritic nickel ore contains
Water is big, it is difficult to dries, directly enters kiln high energy consumption.Therefore, in the urgent need to exploitation low-grade laterite nickel ore efficiently utilize it is quick
Reduction technique.
The problem of in correlation technique, effective solution is not yet proposed at present.
The content of the invention
For the above-mentioned technical problem in correlation technique, the present invention proposes that a kind of lateritic nickel ore rotary kiln quickly reduces work
Skill, using low-grade laterite nickel ore as raw material, develops compound additive and improves in agglomerate intensity, agglomerate with fuel, shaft furnace preheating
Agglomerate, hot blast three kinds of modes of delivering coal ensure that lateritic nickel ore agglomerate hot charging enters kiln, realize that full kiln high temperature is quickly reduced, so as to reduce back
Rotary Kiln Temperature, shortens the recovery time, high nickel ore concentrate is effectively produced from low-grade laterite nickel ore.
To realize above-mentioned technical purpose, the technical proposal of the invention is realized in this way：
A kind of quick reducing process of lateritic nickel ore rotary kiln, comprises the following steps：
S1, will lateritic nickel ore and compound additive mix after be pressed into agglomerate, the compound additive includes coal dust and lime stone；
S2, will after the agglomerate drying and preheating enter rotary kiln in, add reduction coal, reduced under reducing atmosphere
Also original product；
S3, the reduction product cooling, screening and magnetic separation obtained into magnetic product；
S4, by the magnetic product is broken, ore grinding and magnetic separation obtain high nickel ore concentrate.
The above-mentioned quick reducing process of lateritic nickel ore rotary kiln, it is preferred that in the S1 steps, the compound additive
Addition is 15wt%~30wt% of lateritic nickel ore and compound additive amount of the mixture.The addition of wherein described coal dust is red
5wt%~15wt% of native nickel minerals, coal dust and limestone mix；The addition of the lime stone is lateritic nickel ore, coal dust and stone
7wt%~15wt% of lime stone mixture.
The above-mentioned quick reducing process of lateritic nickel ore rotary kiln, it is preferred that in the S1 steps, the compound additive is also
Including waterglass and sodium humate, in the compound additive, the content of the waterglass is 5wt%~15wt%；The rotten plant
The content of sour sodium is 5%wt%~20wt%；The content of the coal dust is 40wt%~65wt%, and the content of the lime stone is 15wt%
~35wt%.Further, the compound additive includes 15wt% waterglass, 40wt% coal dust, 10wt% sodium humate
With 35wt% lime stone.
The above-mentioned quick reducing process of lateritic nickel ore rotary kiln, it is preferred that the modulus of the waterglass is 2.00~3.55,
Moisture is 40wt%~49.5wt%, and density is 1.297 kg m-3~1.418 kg m-3；The coal dust particle mean size 0.074mm
~3mm；Sodium humate particle mean size-the 0.074mm, the lime stone particle mean size 0.074mm~3mm.
The above-mentioned quick reducing process of lateritic nickel ore rotary kiln, it is preferred that described to be pressed into agglomerate mistake in the S1 steps
Cheng Zhong, pressure is 45MPa.
The above-mentioned quick reducing process of lateritic nickel ore rotary kiln, it is preferred that be specially in the S2 steps：
S2-1, agglomerate dried, 850 DEG C~950 DEG C are preheated to agglomerate using the hot exhaust gas of rotary kiln；Reduction coal is passed through into nitrogen
It is preheated to 700 DEG C~950 DEG C；
Agglomerate after S2-2, preheating enters in rotary kiln, reduction coal is sprayed into according to C/Fe mass ratioes 0.5~1.0, in reproducibility gas
Reduced under atmosphere.
The above-mentioned quick reducing process of lateritic nickel ore rotary kiln, it is preferred that in the S2-1 steps, the agglomerate is preheated
To 850 DEG C~950 DEG C.
The above-mentioned quick reducing process of lateritic nickel ore rotary kiln, it is preferred that in the S2-2 steps, the S2-2 steps
In, the reduction coal first passes through nitrogen and is preheated to 700 DEG C~950 DEG C, recycles in thermal current feeding kiln, the nitrogen be from
Heated nitrogen after original product is gone back in shaft cooler cooling.Reduction coal first passes through nitrogen and is preheating to, it is ensured that kiln temperature not because
The addition of coal dust and reduce.
The above-mentioned quick reducing process of lateritic nickel ore rotary kiln, it is preferred that in the S2-2 steps, the reduction process
In, 1200 DEG C~1250 DEG C of reduction temperature, the recovery time is 30min~60min.
The above-mentioned quick reducing process of lateritic nickel ore rotary kiln, it is preferred that in the S3 steps, it is described to go back original product process
Nitrogen is cooled to less than 120 DEG C in vertical cooler, and the nitrogen is the cooling nitrogen after preheating reduction coal through heat exchange.
Above-mentioned processing method, it is preferred that in the S4 steps, by magnetic product through crushing, after ore grinding, more than 90%
Grain granularity is less than 0.074mm.
The above-mentioned quick reducing process of lateritic nickel ore rotary kiln, it is preferred that in the S4 steps, during the magnetic separation, magnetic field
Intensity is 0.06T~0.10T.
Compared with prior art, the advantage of the invention is that：
（1）The invention provides a kind of quick reducing process of lateritic nickel ore rotary kiln, using low-grade laterite nickel ore as raw material, for
The close symbiosis of nickel, iron mineral in lateritic nickel ore, disseminated grain size is fine, it is impossible to carry out sorting enrichment using conventional beneficiation method, and
The features such as nickel, iron exist with the silicate mineral formation of hardly possible reduction in lateritic nickel ore, develops pre- with fuel, shaft furnace in agglomerate
Hot agglomerate（Rotary kiln waste heat tail gas preheats agglomerate）, hot blast delivers coal（Come from the pre- hot coal of hot nitrogen that original product is gone back in cooling）Three kinds
Mode ensures that lateritic nickel ore hot charging enters kiln direct-reduction, and further reinforcing lateritic nickel ore is reduced in rotary kiln, so that will revolution
Kiln reduction temperature is reduced to less than 1250 DEG C from more than 1350 DEG C, and the recovery time is shortened within 60min from more than 80min, carries
More than 10 percentage points of high nickel recovery.The present invention is quickly reduced by full kiln high temperature, can significantly reduce energy consumption, improves production effect
Rate, and then high nickel ore concentrate is effectively produced from low-grade laterite nickel ore, it is former to provide high-quality for reinforcing electrosmelting ferronickel alloy
Material.
（2）The invention provides a kind of quick reducing process of lateritic nickel ore rotary kiln, it with the addition of during briquetting compound
Additive, improves the hot and cold conditions mechanical strength of lateritic nickel ore agglomerate, and lateritic nickel ore group is reduced in high temperature reduction firing stage
The explosion efflorescence of block.
（3）The invention provides a kind of quick reducing process of lateritic nickel ore rotary kiln, pass through coal blending in lateritic nickel ore agglomerate
Reduced in into kiln, change the reduction mechanism of iron, nickel mineral, volumetric reaction model is changed into by unreacted core model, accelerated
Reduction reaction rate, shortens reduction reaction time, enhances lateritic nickel ore reduction.
（4）The invention provides a kind of quick reducing process of lateritic nickel ore rotary kiln, agglomerate is preheated by shaft furnace, both can be fast
Speed improves agglomerate and enters heating rate after kiln, and Accelerating reduction reaction process can avoid raw material from entering after kiln again, dries, warm disappears
The amount of heat of consumption.
（5）The invention provides a kind of quick reducing process of lateritic nickel ore rotary kiln, the heat exchange of original product is gone back by cooling
Nitrogen preheats reduction coal in advance, and delivered coal system feeding rotary kiln through hot blast, it is to avoid cold in conventional lateritic nickel ore reduction process
Wind coal powder injection causes kiln temperature reduction drastically and influences the reduction of lateritic nickel ore, and causes what heat consumption was significantly increased to ask
Topic, while taking full advantage of the waste heat for going back original product, greatly improved the thermal efficiency of system.
Brief description of the drawings
In order to illustrate more clearly about the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, below will be to institute in embodiment
The accompanying drawing needed to use is briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only some implementations of the present invention
Example, for those of ordinary skill in the art, on the premise of not paying creative work, can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings
Obtain other accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the quick reducing process flow chart of lateritic nickel ore rotary kiln of the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out clear, complete
Site preparation is described, it is clear that described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the invention, rather than whole embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, the every other embodiment that those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained belongs to what the present invention was protected
Scope.
Material and instrument employed in following examples are commercially available, wherein, the modulus of waterglass is 2.00~3.55,
Moisture is 40wt%~49.5wt%, and density is 1.297 kg m-3~1.418 kg m-3.Coal dust particle mean size 0.074mm~
3mm.Sodium humate particle mean size -0.074mm.Lime stone particle mean size 0.074mm~3mm.
Embodiment 1
A kind of quick reducing process of lateritic nickel ore rotary kiln, comprises the following steps：
（1）Take the low-grade laterite nickel ore for accounting for compound total amount 80wt%（Low-grade laterite nickel ore iron content 18.56%, it is nickeliferous
1.80%）, mixture is mixed to get with the compound additive that accounts for compound total amount 20wt%.Compound additive includes 15wt% water
Glass, 40wt% coal dust, 10wt% sodium humate and 35wt% lime stone.
（2）Mixture is pressed into agglomerate and obtains raw group.The yield rate 82.45% of life group, drop strength 94%, agglomerate resists
Compressive Strength 134N/, thermal spalling index 0.50%.
（3）Raw group is dried by shaft furnace, recycles rotary kiln hot waste gas to load back after agglomerate is preheating into 950 DEG C
In rotary kiln, while the hot nitrogen for going back original product using cooling preheats coal dust to 900 DEG C, and coal dust is sprayed into rotary kiln, also
With 1250 DEG C of reduction 40min under Primordial Qi atmosphere, using C/Fe mass ratioes as 0.8: 1 addition reduction coal in reduction process, also originated in
Product.
（4）Original product will be gone back and be cooled to 120 DEG C, then screened and dry type magnetic separation through nitrogen, obtained magnetic product passes through
Broken-ore grinding and ore grinding are to more than 90% grain fineness -0.074mm, the then wet magnetic separation under conditions of magnetic field intensity 0.08T
Obtain high nickel ore concentrate.
High nickel ore concentrate Iron grade is 64.21%, iron recovery 65.33%, and nickel grade 6.78%, nickel recovery is 86.56%.
Embodiment 2
A kind of quick reducing process of lateritic nickel ore rotary kiln, comprises the following steps：
（1）Take the low-grade laterite nickel ore for accounting for compound total amount 85wt%（Low-grade laterite nickel ore iron content 18.56%, nickeliferous 1.80%
's）, 15wt% compound additive is mixed to get mixture.The waterglass of compound additive including 15wt%, 40wt% coal dust,
10wt% sodium humate and 35wt% lime stone.
（2）Mixture is pressed into agglomerate and obtains raw group.The yield rate 80.35% of life group, drop strength 92%, agglomerate resists
Compressive Strength 128N/, thermal spalling index 0.60%.
（3）Raw group is dried by shaft furnace, recycles rotary kiln hot waste gas to load back after agglomerate is preheating into 900 DEG C
In rotary kiln, while the hot nitrogen for going back original product using cooling preheats coal dust to 950 DEG C, and coal dust is sprayed into rotary kiln, also
With 1250 DEG C of reduction 60min under Primordial Qi atmosphere, using C/Fe mass ratioes as 0.8: 1 addition reduction coal in reduction process, also originated in
Product.
（4）Original product will be gone back and be cooled to 90 DEG C, then screened and dry type magnetic separation through nitrogen, obtained magnetic product is by broken
Simultaneously ore grinding is to more than 90% grain fineness -0.074mm by broken-ore grinding for the magnetic product that broken-ore grinding is obtained, then in magnetic field
Magnetic separation obtains high nickel ore concentrate under conditions of intensity 0.08T.
High nickel ore concentrate Iron grade is 66.33%, iron recovery 67.11%, and nickel grade 6.56%, nickel recovery is 88.62%.
Embodiment 3
A kind of quick reducing process of lateritic nickel ore rotary kiln, comprises the following steps：
（1）Take the low-grade laterite nickel ore for accounting for compound total amount 75wt%（Low-grade laterite nickel ore iron content 18.56%, it is nickeliferous
1.80%）, mixture is mixed to get with the compound additive that accounts for compound 25wt%.Waterglass of the compound additive including 15wt%,
The lime stone of 40wt% coal dust, 10wt% sodium humate and 35wt%.
（2）Mixture is pressed into agglomerate and obtains raw group.The yield rate 84.55% of life group, drop strength 96%, agglomerate resists
Compressive Strength 142N/, thermal spalling index 0.40%.
（3）Raw group is dried by shaft furnace, recycles rotary kiln hot waste gas to load back after agglomerate is preheating into 900 DEG C
In rotary kiln, while the hot nitrogen for going back original product using cooling preheats coal dust to 950 DEG C, and coal dust is sprayed into rotary kiln, also
With 1250 DEG C of reduction 60min under Primordial Qi atmosphere, using C/Fe mass ratioes as 0.6: 1 addition reduction coal in reduction process, also originated in
Product.
（4）Original product will be gone back and be cooled to 90 DEG C, then screened and dry type magnetic separation through nitrogen, obtained magnetic product is by broken
Simultaneously ore grinding is to more than 90% grain fineness -0.074mm for broken-ore grinding, and then magnetic separation obtains height under conditions of magnetic field intensity 0.09T
Nickel ore concentrate.
High nickel ore concentrate Iron grade is 65.33%, iron recovery 67.89%, and nickel grade 6.89%, nickel recovery is 89.97%.
Comparative example 1
A kind of quick reducing process of lateritic nickel ore rotary kiln, comprises the following steps：
（1）Iron content 18.56% is taken, nickeliferous 1.80% low-grade laterite nickel ore adds the mixing of 10wt% lime stones.
（2）Mixture is pressed into agglomerate and obtains raw group.The yield rate 74.85% of life group, drop strength 78%, agglomerate resists
Compressive Strength 104N/, thermal spalling index 5.80%.
（3）Raw group is reduced in rotary kiln, and coal dust is sprayed into rotary kiln, under reducing atmosphere with 1350 DEG C
Reduce in 80min, reduction process using C/Fe mass ratioes as 0.8: 1 addition coal dust, obtain going back original product.
（4）Original product will be gone back and be cooled to 120 DEG C of broken and ore grindings to more than 90% grain fineness -0.074mm through nitrogen, so
Magnetic separation obtains high nickel ore concentrate under conditions of magnetic field intensity 0.08T afterwards.
High nickel ore concentrate Iron grade is 56.33%, iron recovery 57.89%, and nickel grade 5.89%, nickel recovery is 75.34%.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all essences in the present invention
God is with principle, and any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc. should be included in the scope of the protection.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of quick reducing process of lateritic nickel ore rotary kiln, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
S1, will lateritic nickel ore and compound additive mix after be pressed into agglomerate, the compound additive includes coal dust and lime stone；
S2, will after the agglomerate drying and preheating enter rotary kiln in, add reduction coal, reduced under reducing atmosphere
Also original product；
S3, the reduction product cooling, screening and magnetic separation obtained into magnetic product；
S4, by the magnetic product is broken, ore grinding and magnetic separation obtain high nickel ore concentrate.
2. the quick reducing process of lateritic nickel ore rotary kiln according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in the S1 steps,
The addition of the compound additive is 15wt%~30wt% of lateritic nickel ore and compound additive amount of the mixture.
3. the quick reducing process of lateritic nickel ore rotary kiln according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in the S1 steps,
The compound additive also includes in waterglass and sodium humate, the compound additive, and the content of the waterglass is 5wt%
~15wt%；The content of the sodium humate is 5%wt%~20wt%；The content of the coal dust is 40wt%~65wt%, the stone
The content of lime stone is 15wt%~35wt%.
4. the quick reducing process of lateritic nickel ore rotary kiln according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the waterglass
Modulus is 2.00~3.55, and moisture is 40wt%~49.5wt%, and density is 1.297 kg m-3~1.418 kg m-3；The coal
Powder particle mean size 0.074mm~3mm；Sodium humate particle mean size-the 0.074mm, the lime stone particle mean size 0.074mm
~3mm.
5. the quick reducing process of lateritic nickel ore rotary kiln according to claim 1, it is characterised in that have in the S2 steps
Body is：
S2-1, agglomerate dried, 850 DEG C~950 DEG C are preheated to agglomerate using the hot exhaust gas of rotary kiln；Reduction coal is passed through into nitrogen
Gas is preheated to 700 DEG C~950 DEG C；
Agglomerate after S2-2, preheating enters in rotary kiln, reduction coal is sprayed into according to C/Fe mass ratioes 0.5~1.0, in reproducibility gas
Reduced under atmosphere.
6. the quick reducing process of lateritic nickel ore rotary kiln according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the S2-1 steps
In, the agglomerate is preheated to 850 DEG C~950 DEG C.
7. the quick reducing process of lateritic nickel ore rotary kiln according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the S2-2 steps
In, the reduction coal first passes through nitrogen and is preheated to 700 DEG C~950 DEG C, recycles in thermal current feeding kiln, the nitrogen be from
Heated nitrogen after original product is gone back in shaft cooler cooling；In the reduction process, 1200 DEG C~1250 DEG C of reduction temperature, also
The former time is 30min~60min.
8. the quick reducing process of lateritic nickel ore rotary kiln according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in the S3 steps,
The original product of going back is cooled to less than 120 DEG C by nitrogen in vertical cooler, and the nitrogen is to preheat reduction coal through heat exchange
Cooling nitrogen afterwards.
9. the quick reducing process of lateritic nickel ore rotary kiln according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in the S4 steps,
By magnetic product through crushing, after ore grinding, more than 90% grain graininess is less than 0.074mm.
10. the quick reducing process of lateritic nickel ore rotary kiln according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in the S4 steps,
During the magnetic separation, magnetic field intensity is 0.06T~0.10T.
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| CN108251659A (en) * | 2018-01-16 | 2018-07-06 | 中南大学 | A kind of method strengthened lateritic nickel ore direct-reduction technique and prepare ferronickel |
| CN111850218A (en) * | 2020-06-23 | 2020-10-30 | 北京科技大学 | Method for smelting laterite-nickel ore by using HIsmelt smelting reduction process |
| CN114247563A (en) * | 2021-11-20 | 2022-03-29 | 酒泉钢铁(集团)有限责任公司 | Method for separating carbon residue from iron ore direct reduction material |
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| CN111850218A (en) * | 2020-06-23 | 2020-10-30 | 北京科技大学 | Method for smelting laterite-nickel ore by using HIsmelt smelting reduction process |
| CN114247563A (en) * | 2021-11-20 | 2022-03-29 | 酒泉钢铁(集团)有限责任公司 | Method for separating carbon residue from iron ore direct reduction material |
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| CN107287446B (en) | 2019-01-29 |
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