CN107282008B - Preparation method of biomass heavy metal adsorption material - Google Patents
Preparation method of biomass heavy metal adsorption material Download PDFInfo
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- CN107282008B CN107282008B CN201710424433.3A CN201710424433A CN107282008B CN 107282008 B CN107282008 B CN 107282008B CN 201710424433 A CN201710424433 A CN 201710424433A CN 107282008 B CN107282008 B CN 107282008B
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- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of a biomass heavy metal adsorption material, and belongs to the technical field of adsorption material preparation. The method comprises the steps of firstly expanding and enlarging pores inside the pigskin under the thermal action of oil to form a loose and porous structure, then pressing and binding by using a needle plate to enable the pores inside the pigskin to be communicated, cleaning oil stain by using a methanol solution, simultaneously fully exposing adsorption sites on the surface of the pigskin, modifying by roselle enzymatic hydrolysate rich in active groups and hydroxycitric acid, increasing the number of the active groups inside and in the pores on the surface of the porous pigskin and the contents of the hydroxycitric acid and the oxalic acid under the action of microorganisms, simultaneously generating micro-corrosion on the pigskin by the microorganisms to form ultra-micro pores, further improving the adsorption performance of the pigskin, tightly locking heavy metal ions through the complexation of the citric acid and the oxalic acid after the pigskin adsorbs heavy metals, and finally settling and removing the heavy metal ions. The biomass heavy metal adsorption material prepared by the invention can be used for adsorbing more thoroughly, can be used thoroughly, and improves the utilization rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of a biomass heavy metal adsorption material, and belongs to the technical field of heavy metal treatment.
Background
Along with the continuous development of industrial and agricultural in China, the pollution problem caused by the continuous development is increasingly serious, and a large amount of harmful heavy metal pollutants are discharged into water to seriously threaten the body health and the ecological environment of human beings; therefore, people think of a plurality of methods for modifying and treating pollutants by adsorbing materials, usually adopt hydrothermal modification, chemical modification methods and physical modification methods, the most effective modification method at present is to change the performance of the adsorbing materials by means of microbial growth, and the method adopts the mode of fungal growth to enhance the performance of the solid surface, but cannot change the internal structure of the substance, so that the adsorbing materials are wasted, the utilization rate is not high, and the adsorbing performance cannot be integrally improved; therefore, whether a method capable of changing the surface performance of the substance and the internal structure of the substance can be researched on the basis is the technical development direction of the microorganism modified adsorption material at present. Frying the pigskin, namely frying the pigskin by using vegetable oil or animal oil. The fried pigskin can be eaten dry or soaked to be used for preparing cold dishes, soup or cooked with other vegetables. The fried pigskin is eaten dry, like puffed food, and is crisp, and the fried pigskin after being soaked can feel fragrant but not greasy, is more and more smooth, and has enough elasticity. And the fried pigskin has a loose and porous structure after being soaked, so that the fried pigskin has extremely high adsorption capacity.
Therefore, the invention of the heavy metal adsorbing material by using the fried pigskin has the possibility of realization, and the method which can change the internal structure and improve the surface performance has positive significance to the field of adsorbent preparation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly solves the technical problem, and provides a preparation method of a biomass heavy metal adsorption material aiming at the defects that the surface performance of a substance can only be changed by the conventional modification method of a natural heavy metal adsorption material, the adsorption effect is improved, but the internal structure of the substance cannot be changed, so that the adsorption material is rich in surface pores, but small in internal pores and low in adsorption quantity.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
(1) scalding raw pigskin with boiling water, scraping surface impurities, putting the pigskin subjected to impurity removal into a pot, adding clear water, boiling with strong fire until the pigskin is boiled, turning to small fire, continuously boiling for 3-5 min, fishing out the pigskin after the boiling is finished, leaching with ice water, and scraping grease on the inner side of the pigskin with a scraper to obtain pretreated pigskin;
(2) airing the pretreated pigskin, putting the aired pigskin into an oil pan, frying until the pigskin is fluffy and turns yellow, taking out the fried pigskin, putting the fried pigskin into boiling water, cooking, and soaking with deionized water for 5-7 hours to obtain loose and porous fried pigskin;
(3) inserting a large-head inserting needle into the square polystyrene foam board to enable the needle point to penetrate through the foam board and expose 1cm of the length of the foam board, so as to prepare a self-made needle board, and repeatedly pressing and pricking the fried pigskin by using the self-made needle board to obtain the through fried pigskin for later use;
(4) weighing 2-3 kg of roselle, washing with water, crushing to obtain a crushed material, mixing the crushed material with deionized water, filling into an enzymolysis tank, adding 10-15 g of cellulase and 5-8 g of pectinase into the tank, and sealing the opening of the tank for enzymolysis;
(5) after the enzymolysis is finished, taking out an enzymolysis product, filtering to remove filter residues to obtain an enzymolysis liquid, concentrating the enzymolysis liquid to obtain a concentrated solution, and mixing the concentrated solution with an oxalic acid solution to obtain a composite modified solution;
(6) washing the through fried pigskin prepared in the step (3) by using a methanol solution, mixing the washed through fried pigskin with the composite modified solution, putting the mixture into a fermentation tank, adding acetic acid bacteria suspension into the fermentation tank, and performing heat preservation and fermentation;
(7) and after the fermentation is finished, taking out the fermented and modified through-fried pigskin, freeze-drying, finally crushing and sieving by a 20-mesh sieve, collecting sieved powder and packaging to obtain the biomass heavy metal adsorption material.
The adding amount of the clear water in the step (1) is 8-10 times of the mass of the pigskin, and the temperature of the ice water is 2-4 ℃.
The side length of the square polystyrene foam board is 10cm, and the pin inserting amount of the pins is 25/cm 2.
The mass ratio of the crushed materials to the deionized water in the step (4) is 1:5, the enzymolysis temperature is 45-55 ℃, and the enzymolysis time is 6-8 hours.
The concentration method in the step (5) comprises the following steps: and transferring the enzymatic hydrolysate into a rotary evaporator, and carrying out rotary evaporation and concentration at 40-50 ℃ to 1/5 of the original volume to obtain a concentrated solution.
The volume ratio of the concentrated solution to the oxalic acid solution in the step (5) is 3:1, and the concentration of the oxalic acid solution is 0.1 mol/L.
The mass fraction of the methanol solution in the step (6) is 70%, the mass ratio of the through-fried pigskin to the composite modification liquid is 1:10, the concentration of the acetic acid bacteria suspension is 104cfu/mL, and the adding amount of the acetic acid bacteria suspension is 5% of the mass of the fried pigskin.
The freeze drying temperature is-30 to-20 ℃.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the invention, firstly, the pores in the pigskin expand and grow under the thermal action of oil to form a loose and porous structure, the pores in the pigskin are communicated after being pressed by a needle plate, the oil stain is cleaned by using a methanol solution, meanwhile, the adsorption sites on the surface of the pigskin are fully exposed, and the pigskin is modified by roselle enzymatic hydrolysate rich in active groups and hydroxycitric acid, so that the number of the active groups in the pores and in the surface pores of the porous pigskin and the contents of the hydroxycitric acid and oxalic acid are increased under the action of microorganisms, and meanwhile, the microorganisms can generate micro-corrosion on the pigskin to form more ultramicropores, thereby not only changing the surface performance of the porous fried pigskin, but also changing the internal structure of the pigskin and further improving the adsorption performance of the pigskin;
(2) after adsorbing heavy metals, the pigskin tightly locks heavy metal ions through the complexing action of citric acid and oxalic acid, and finally settles and clears away, so that the adsorption is more thorough, the adsorption material can be thoroughly utilized, and the utilization rate is improved.
Detailed Description
Scalding raw pigskin with boiling water, scraping surface impurities, putting the pigskin subjected to impurity removal into a pot, adding clear water with the mass 8-10 times that of the pigskin into the pot, boiling with strong fire until the pigskin is boiled, turning to small fire, continuously boiling for 3-5 min, fishing out the pigskin after the boiling is finished, leaching for 3-5 times with ice water with the temperature of 2-4 ℃, and scraping grease on the inner side of the pigskin with a scraper to obtain pretreated pigskin; hanging the pretreated pigskin in a shady and cool ventilation place to air for 5-7 days, putting the aired pigskin into an oil pan to fry until the pigskin is fluffy and turns yellow, fishing out the fried pigskin, putting the fried pigskin into boiling water to cook for 3-5 min, and soaking the pigskin in deionized water with the mass of 8-10 times of that of the pigskin for 5-7 h to obtain loose and porous fried pigskin; at a ratio of 25 roots/cm2Inserting pins into a square polystyrene foam board with the side length of 10cm, enabling the pins to penetrate through the foam board and expose for 1cm in length to obtain a self-made pin plate, and repeatedly pressing and pricking the fried pigskin for 8-10 times by using the self-made pin plate to obtain the through fried pigskin; weighing 2-3 kg of roselle, washing with water, pouring into a grinder, grinding for 20-30 min to obtain a ground substance, mixing the ground substance and deionized water according to a mass ratio of 1:5, loading into an enzymolysis tank, adding 10-15 g of cellulase and 5-8 g of pectinase into the tank, sealing the opening of the tank, and carrying out enzymolysis for 6-8 h at 45-55 ℃; after enzymolysis is finished, taking out an enzymolysis product, filtering to remove filter residues to obtain an enzymolysis liquid, transferring the enzymolysis liquid into a rotary evaporator, carrying out rotary evaporation and concentration at 40-50 ℃ to 1/5 of the original volume of the enzymolysis liquid to obtain a concentrated solution, and mixing the concentrated solution and an oxalic acid solution with the concentration of 0.1mol/L according to the volume ratio of 3:1 to obtain a composite modified solution; will penetrate throughWashing the fried pigskin with a methanol solution with the mass fraction of 70% for 10-15 min, mixing the washed through fried pigskin with the composite modification solution according to the mass ratio of 1:10, putting the mixture into a fermentation tank, and adding the fried pigskin into the fermentation tank, wherein the concentration of the fried pigskin is 5% by mass and the concentration of the fried pigskin is 10%4carrying out heat preservation fermentation on cfu/mL acetic acid bacteria suspension at 35-40 ℃ for 5-7 days; and after the fermentation is finished, taking out the fermented and modified through-fried pigskin, putting the through-fried pigskin into a vacuum freeze dryer for freeze drying at the temperature of-30 to-20 ℃, finally crushing the pigskin by a crusher, sieving the pigskin by a 20-mesh sieve, collecting sieved powder and packaging the powder to obtain the biomass heavy metal adsorption material.
Example 1
Scalding raw pigskin with boiling water, scraping surface impurities, putting the pigskin subjected to impurity removal into a pot, adding clear water with the mass 10 times of that of the pigskin into the pot, boiling with strong fire until the pigskin is boiled, turning to small fire, continuously boiling for 5min, fishing out the pigskin after the boiling is finished, rinsing with ice water at 4 ℃ for 5 times, and scraping grease on the inner side of the pigskin with a scraper to obtain pretreated pigskin; hanging the pretreated pigskin in a shady and cool ventilated place to dry for 7 days, putting the dried pigskin into an oil pan to fry until the pigskin is fluffy and turns yellow, fishing out the fried pigskin, putting the fried pigskin into boiling water to boil for 5min, and soaking the pigskin in deionized water with the mass of 10 times of that of the pigskin for 7h to obtain loose and porous fried pigskin; at a ratio of 25 roots/cm2Inserting pins into a square polystyrene foam board with the side length of 10cm, enabling the pin points to penetrate through the foam board and expose for 1cm in length to obtain a self-made pin plate, and repeatedly pressing the deep-fried pigskin for 10 times by using the self-made pin plate to obtain the through deep-fried pigskin; weighing 3kg of roselle, washing with water, pouring into a grinder, grinding for 30min to obtain a ground substance, mixing the ground substance and deionized water according to a mass ratio of 1:5, filling into an enzymolysis tank, adding 15g of cellulase and 8g of pectinase into the tank, sealing the opening of the tank, and carrying out enzymolysis for 8h at 55 ℃; after enzymolysis is finished, taking out an enzymolysis product, filtering to remove filter residues to obtain an enzymolysis liquid, transferring the enzymolysis liquid into a rotary evaporator, carrying out rotary evaporation and concentration at 50 ℃ to 1/5 of the original volume of the enzymolysis liquid to obtain a concentrated solution, and mixing the concentrated solution and an oxalic acid solution with the concentration of 0.1mol/L according to the volume ratio of 3:1 to obtain a composite modified solution; washing the through-fried pigskin with a methanol solution with the mass fraction of 70 percent for 15min,mixing the washed through-fried pigskin and the composite modified liquid according to the mass ratio of 1:10, filling the mixture into a fermentation tank, and adding 5 percent of fried pigskin by mass into the fermentation tank, wherein the concentration is 104cfu/mL acetic acid bacteria suspension, and fermenting for 7 days at 40 ℃; and after the fermentation is finished, taking out the fermented and modified through-fried pigskin, putting the through-fried pigskin into a vacuum freeze dryer for freeze drying at the temperature of minus 20 ℃, finally crushing the pigskin by a crusher, sieving the pigskin by a 20-mesh sieve, collecting sieved powder and packaging the powder to obtain the biomass heavy metal adsorption material.
Example 2
Scalding raw pigskin with boiling water, scraping surface impurities, putting the pigskin subjected to impurity removal into a pot, adding clear water with the mass 8 times of that of the pigskin into the pot, boiling with strong fire until the pigskin is boiled, turning to small fire, continuously boiling for 3min, fishing out the pigskin after the boiling is finished, rinsing with ice water at the temperature of 2 ℃ for 3 times, and scraping grease on the inner side of the pigskin with a scraper to obtain pretreated pigskin; hanging the pretreated pigskin in a shady and cool ventilated place to dry for 5 days, putting the dried pigskin into an oil pan to fry until the pigskin is fluffy and turns yellow, fishing out the fried pigskin, putting the fried pigskin into boiling water to boil for 3min, and soaking the pigskin in deionized water with the mass of 8 times of that of the pigskin for 5 hours to obtain loose and porous fried pigskin; at a ratio of 25 roots/cm2Inserting pins into a square polystyrene foam board with the side length of 10cm, enabling the pin points to penetrate through the foam board and expose for 1cm in length to obtain a self-made pin plate, and repeatedly pressing and pricking the fried pigskin for 8 times by using the self-made pin plate to obtain the through fried pigskin; weighing 2kg of roselle, washing with water, pouring into a grinder, grinding for 20min to obtain a ground substance, mixing the ground substance and deionized water according to a mass ratio of 1:5, filling into an enzymolysis tank, adding 10g of cellulase and 5g of pectinase into the tank, sealing the opening of the tank, and carrying out enzymolysis for 6h at 45 ℃; after enzymolysis is finished, taking out an enzymolysis product, filtering to remove filter residues to obtain an enzymolysis liquid, transferring the enzymolysis liquid into a rotary evaporator, carrying out rotary evaporation and concentration at 40 ℃ to 1/5 of the original volume of the enzymolysis liquid to obtain a concentrated solution, and mixing the concentrated solution and an oxalic acid solution with the concentration of 0.1mol/L according to the volume ratio of 3:1 to obtain a composite modified solution; washing the through-fried pigskin with a methanol solution with the mass fraction of 70% for 10min, mixing the washed through-fried pigskin with the composite modification solution according to the mass ratio of 1:10, and then carrying out secondary treatmentLoading into fermentation tank, adding fried Corii Sus Domestica with concentration of 10% 5 wt4cfu/mL acetic acid bacteria suspension, and fermenting for 5 days at the temperature of 35 ℃; and after the fermentation is finished, taking out the fermented and modified through-fried pigskin, putting the through-fried pigskin into a vacuum freeze dryer for freeze drying at the temperature of minus 30 ℃, finally crushing the pigskin by a crusher, sieving the pigskin by a 20-mesh sieve, collecting sieved powder and packaging the sieved powder to obtain the biomass heavy metal adsorption material.
Example 3
Scalding raw pigskin with boiling water, scraping surface impurities, putting the pigskin subjected to impurity removal into a pot, adding clear water 9 times the mass of the pigskin into the pot, boiling with strong fire until the pigskin is boiled, turning to small fire, continuously boiling for 4min, fishing out the pigskin after the boiling is finished, rinsing with ice water at 3 ℃ for 4 times, and scraping grease on the inner side of the pigskin with a scraper to obtain pretreated pigskin; hanging the pretreated pigskin in a shady and cool ventilated place to dry for 6 days, putting the dried pigskin into an oil pan to fry until the pigskin is fluffy and turns yellow, fishing out the fried pigskin, putting the fried pigskin into boiling water to boil for 4min, and soaking the pigskin in deionized water with the mass of 9 times of that of the pigskin for 6h to obtain loose and porous fried pigskin; at a ratio of 25 roots/cm2Inserting pins into a square polystyrene foam board with the side length of 10cm, enabling the pin points to penetrate through the foam board and expose for 1cm in length to obtain a self-made pin plate, and repeatedly pressing and pricking the fried pigskin for 9 times by using the self-made pin plate to obtain the through-fried pigskin; weighing 2kg of roselle, washing with water, pouring into a grinder to be ground for 25min to obtain a ground substance, mixing the ground substance and deionized water according to the mass ratio of 1:5, filling into an enzymolysis tank, adding 12g of cellulase and 7g of pectinase into the tank, sealing the opening of the tank, and carrying out enzymolysis for 7h at 50 ℃; after enzymolysis is finished, taking out an enzymolysis product, filtering to remove filter residues to obtain an enzymolysis liquid, transferring the enzymolysis liquid into a rotary evaporator, carrying out rotary evaporation and concentration at 45 ℃ to 1/5 of the original volume of the enzymolysis liquid to obtain a concentrated solution, and mixing the concentrated solution and an oxalic acid solution with the concentration of 0.1mol/L according to the volume ratio of 3:1 to obtain a composite modified solution; washing the through-fried pigskin with 70% methanol solution for 12min, mixing the washed through-fried pigskin with the composite modified solution at a mass ratio of 1:10, loading into a fermentation tank, adding into the fermentation tank, and adding fried pigskin 5 wt% and 10%4cfu/mL acetic acid bacteria suspension, and fermenting at 37 ℃ for 6 days in a heat preservation way; and after the fermentation is finished, taking out the fermented and modified through-fried pigskin, putting the through-fried pigskin into a vacuum freeze dryer for freeze drying at the temperature of minus 25 ℃, finally crushing the pigskin by a crusher, sieving the pigskin by a 20-mesh sieve, collecting sieved powder and packaging the sieved powder to obtain the biomass heavy metal adsorption material.
Comparative example: the biochar is used as a heavy metal adsorption material,
the heavy metal adsorbing materials of examples 1 to 3 and the comparative example are respectively added into water with the same heavy metal content, the adding amount is 2.0g/L, after the adding is finished, the materials are stirred and kept stand, supernate is taken, the heavy metal content of the supernate is detected, and the detection result is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from the table above, the biomass heavy metal adsorption material prepared by the invention greatly reduces the content of heavy metals in water, so that the heavy metal adsorption material meets the standard of drinking water.
Claims (8)
1. A preparation method of a biomass heavy metal adsorption material is characterized by comprising the following specific preparation steps:
(1) scalding raw pigskin with boiling water, scraping surface impurities, putting the pigskin subjected to impurity removal into a pot, adding clear water, boiling with strong fire until the pigskin is boiled, turning to small fire, continuously boiling for 3-5 min, fishing out the pigskin after the boiling is finished, leaching with ice water, and scraping grease on the inner side of the pigskin with a scraper to obtain pretreated pigskin;
(2) airing the pretreated pigskin, putting the aired pigskin into an oil pan, frying until the pigskin is fluffy and turns yellow, taking out the fried pigskin, putting the fried pigskin into boiling water, cooking, and soaking with deionized water for 5-7 hours to obtain loose and porous fried pigskin;
(3) inserting a large-head inserting needle into the square polystyrene foam board to enable the needle point to penetrate through the foam board and expose 1cm of the length of the foam board, so as to prepare a self-made needle board, and repeatedly pressing and pricking the fried pigskin by using the self-made needle board to obtain the through fried pigskin for later use;
(4) weighing 2-3 kg of roselle, washing with water, crushing to obtain a crushed material, mixing the crushed material with deionized water, filling into an enzymolysis tank, adding 10-15 g of cellulase and 5-8 g of pectinase into the tank, and sealing the opening of the tank for enzymolysis;
(5) after the enzymolysis is finished, taking out an enzymolysis product, filtering to remove filter residues to obtain an enzymolysis liquid, concentrating the enzymolysis liquid to obtain a concentrated solution, and mixing the concentrated solution with an oxalic acid solution to obtain a composite modified solution;
(6) washing the through fried pigskin prepared in the step (3) by using a methanol solution, mixing the washed through fried pigskin with the composite modified solution, putting the mixture into a fermentation tank, adding acetic acid bacteria suspension into the fermentation tank, and performing heat preservation and fermentation;
(7) and after the fermentation is finished, taking out the fermented and modified through-fried pigskin, freeze-drying, finally crushing and sieving by a 20-mesh sieve, collecting sieved powder and packaging to obtain the biomass heavy metal adsorption material.
2. The preparation method of the biomass heavy metal adsorbing material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the adding amount of the clear water in the step (1) is 8-10 times of the mass of the pigskin, and the temperature of the ice water is 2-4 ℃.
3. The preparation method of the biomass heavy metal adsorbing material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the side length of the square polystyrene foam board is 10cm, and the pin inserting quantity of the pins is 25/cm2。
4. The preparation method of the biomass heavy metal adsorbing material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the mass ratio of the crushed materials to the deionized water in the step (4) is 1:5, the enzymolysis temperature is 45-55 ℃, and the enzymolysis time is 6-8 hours.
5. The preparation method of the biomass heavy metal adsorbing material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the concentration method in the step (5) comprises the following steps: and transferring the enzymatic hydrolysate into a rotary evaporator, and carrying out rotary evaporation and concentration at 40-50 ℃ to 1/5 of the original volume to obtain a concentrated solution.
6. The preparation method of the biomass heavy metal adsorbing material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the volume ratio of the concentrated solution to the oxalic acid solution in the step (5) is 3:1, and the concentration of the oxalic acid solution is 0.1 mol/L.
7. The preparation method of the biomass heavy metal adsorbing material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the mass fraction of the methanol solution in the step (6) is 70 percent, the mass ratio of the through-fried pigskin to the composite modification liquid is 1:10, and the concentration of the acetic acid bacteria suspension is 104cfu/mL, and the adding amount of the acetic acid bacteria suspension is 5 percent of the mass of the fried pigskin.
8. The preparation method of the biomass heavy metal adsorbing material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the freeze drying temperature is-30 to-20 ℃.
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