CN107280756A - A kind of medical cranial Bone nail structure - Google Patents
A kind of medical cranial Bone nail structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN107280756A CN107280756A CN201710598725.9A CN201710598725A CN107280756A CN 107280756 A CN107280756 A CN 107280756A CN 201710598725 A CN201710598725 A CN 201710598725A CN 107280756 A CN107280756 A CN 107280756A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
- A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
- A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
- A61B17/84—Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
- A61B17/86—Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor
- A61B17/8625—Shanks, i.e. parts contacting bone tissue
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
- A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
- A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
- A61B17/84—Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
- A61B17/86—Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor
- A61B17/864—Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor hollow, e.g. with socket or cannulated
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
- A61B2017/564—Methods for bone or joint treatment
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- Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
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- Surgical Instruments (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of medical cranial Bone nail structure, the skull pin structure includes the first screw thread with surface and crest after the first preceding surface, first, being formed with least part crest of first screw thread includes second screw thread on surface after the second preceding surface and second, cross sectional shape of at least partly described second screw thread in the cross section for crossing screw axis is change, the mode of change includes gradual change and mutation, and the combination of gradual change and mutation, first screw thread includes taper thread internal diameter, and the pitch of second screw thread is change；The middle part followed closely in the skull is provided with the cavity run through, and the upper end of cavity is respectively equipped with closure in the bottom of hex slot section and cavity, skull nail is prepared from using medical polyether-ether-ketone high polymer material provided with hex slot section.The medical cranial Bone nail structure and preparation method thereof is simple in construction, easy to use, good operation effect, the convenient of achievable standardization make, and good for skull repairing effect.
Description
Technical field
Recovery technique field again is carried out the present invention relates to human skull's defect, and in particular to a kind of medical cranial nail knot
Structure.
Background technology
Defect, reparation and the shaping of skull operation, such as skull, cranioplasty are the effective ways for treating skull defeci,
A kind of material (artificial material or autologous bone), the reparation for defects with skull are needed to use in operation.
The conventional material for repairing skull used is titanium net at present, or the piece being made up of the material such as lucite or silicon rubber
Shape thing.During operation, it is placed in after being reduced according to skull defeci size at defect, the boring silk thread of surrounding or metal material are solid
It is fixed.The outstanding problem that this kind of Cephalic shadow mask is present is that intensity difference is unfavorable for the protection at skull defeci position.Such as patent Shen
Please number Cephalic shadow mask provided for 201120482438.X, for another example Chinese Patent Application No. be 201010297116.8 provide tools
There is the repair of cranial defects titanium net of anti-stick coating, and application number 201120482478.4 and application number 201110173696.4 are carried
The double-deck titanium net for cranioplasty supplied.
In bone surgery, it is often required to use cranium skull screw to connect knochenbruch or correct various bone lesions and deformity.
Because bone is the main force structure that human body bears various mechanical loadings, along with the knochenbruch connected or the bone corrected
The power load transmission that will be born is easy to the cranium skull screw for fixation, therefore in actual use, cranium skull screw
Generally require to bear different variable force of various cycle.It is particularly strong that this does not require nothing more than cranium skull screw itself, will not be outside
Power effect is lower to be damaged, and requires that it can be securely engaged with skeletal tissue, so that will not be under external force from bone
Abjection.
For first point of requirement, it is mainly shown as that cranium skull screw has higher bending strength, will not be perpendicular to axle
The external force effect in line direction is lower to be broken；For second point requirement, mainly showing as cranium skull screw not only will not be in axle
Deviate from the presence of to withdrawal force, and be difficult to be rotated under moment loading along axis.
In order to strengthen the ability of cranium skull screw resistance pullout of strength and axial rotational moment, traditional way is increase
The thread height of screw thread and the density for increasing screw thread.The contact surface area of screw and bone can be dramatically increased by so doing, so that aobvious
The lifting surface area of increase pullout of strength and axial rotational moment is write, the axial direction that thus can bear to improve cranium skull screw is pulled out
Exert oneself and axial rotational moment.But, such way can cause unfavorable shadow to the mechanical property of cranium skull screw other side
Ring.
For example for the bending strength of screw, form of thread, which highly increases, can cause the internal diameter of comparatively screw thread to subtract
It is small so that the sectional area that screw can bear bending stress reduces, and bending strength is significantly reduced.Especially when the density of screw thread is higher
When, sharp knuckle is easily formed in tooth bottom, so as to cause stress concentration, the bending strength of screw is reduce further.And
And, thread height is too high and axial dimension of tooth form is too small, can cause the fracture of ridge.
On the other hand, in order to keep higher bending strength, have to increase the internal diameter of screw thread, so as to reduce ridge
Type height, the result is that forming the screw thread of intensive low thread height on screw surface.Obviously, such a bolt structure is supported
The ability of anti-pullout of strength and axial rotational moment is all without too high, because the contact area of screw and bone is too small really
.
Therefore, people are in the urgent need to a kind of new cranium skull screw, and it changes when can be engaged with bone-contact while having
Kind resists pullout of strength, the characteristic of three kinds of external force of axial rotational moment and bending moment, so as to improve cranium skull spiral shell comprehensively
The performance of nail.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to overcome defect present in prior art there is provided one kind it is simple in construction, easy to use,
Good operation effect, the convenient making that standardization can be achieved, and worked well a kind of medical cranial nail skull structure for skull.
To achieve the above object, the technical scheme is that designing a kind of medical cranial Bone nail structure, the skull nail knot
Structure includes the first screw thread with surface and crest after the first preceding surface, first, at least part crest of first screw thread
On be formed with and include second screw thread on surface after the second preceding surface and second, at least partly described second screw thread is crossing screw axis
Cross section in cross sectional shape be change, the mode of change includes gradual change and mutation, and gradual change and mutation combination, institute
Stating the first screw thread includes taper thread internal diameter, and the pitch of second screw thread is change；The middle part followed closely in the skull is set
There is the cavity run through, the upper end of cavity is respectively equipped with closure provided with hex slot section in the bottom of hex slot section and cavity, described
Skull nail is prepared from using medical polyether-ether-ketone high polymer material.
The present invention proposes a kind of new medical cranial Bone nail structure, is characterized in being in its original first threaded tip
Part surface on, be also formed with several the second screw threads., can't because the second screw thread exists only in the top of the first screw thread
Reduce the internal diameter of original first screw thread, will not also form the Bottom of Thread of weakening, correspondingly would not also weaken the anti-of skull nail
Curved intensity.But, due to the presence of the second screw thread, the contact surface area of screw and skull can be significantly increased again so that axle
Become big to the loaded area of withdrawal force and axial rotational moment, therefore ensure that the improvement of screw mechanical property.Further, since in cranium
The middle part of nail body is provided with the cavity of tubulose, it is possible to use it is strong for strengthening its that the cavity loads high intensity, high hard material
Degree.Page can utilize the cavity to inject the medicine for treatment, and the closure of cavity bottom is can be taken off in this case, makes medicine
Lesions position is penetrated into very longly, hydrocrania can also be extracted using this cavity passage, or extracts cerebral infarction extravasated blood, or uses its passage
Inject the treatment such as medicine.Hex slot section therein can be used for the fastening end of screw, and can be inserted with die nut will in hex slot section
Screw-driving is disassembled.
Wherein, so-called "front", "rear" direction is for the screw-in of skull screw screws out direction, in this hair
It in bright description, will be referred to as " preceding " along the screw screw-in direction of axis direction, and opposite screw screwed out into direction and is referred to as
" rear ".
Preferably, direction line of the described second preceding surface in the cross section for crossing screw axis and the folder of screw screw-in direction
Angle is 55~100 °, direction line of the second preceding surface in the cross section for crossing screw axis and the angle of screw screw-in direction
For 75~95 °, the second preceding surface cross screw axis cross section in direction line perpendicular to the screw axis,
In the cross section for crossing screw axis, the cross sectional shape of second screw thread substantially has a generally triangular shape, quadrangle, it is semicircle in extremely
It is few one.
But, the second preceding surface is not necessarily planar structure, it is any can effectively bear pullout of strength second before table
Face structure, such as various irregular curved surfaces can be used.And for the ease of these structures are explicitly described, draw here
The concept for having entered " direction line " is used as the reference quantity on the second preceding surface.Specifically, " direction line " is by the effective of correlation curve
Part, that is, play carrying or the end to end straightway in part of function such as be oriented to, can be for substantially representing walking for the curve
Gesture direction, but be not strict geometric concept.And for same consideration, below to the first preceding surface, first after
" direction line " is similarly used behind surface and second in the description on surface etc. as reference.
In addition, " being approximately perpendicular to axis " means, direction line be not necessarily it is completely vertical, can also be with axle
The vertical line shape of line is in an angle.The presence of suitable angle will not produce any substance to the ability of the anti-pullout of strength of screw
Influence, its both can be actively pursue angle modification, with realize screw other side performance improvement or pair plus
The tolerance of angular error in work, so as to significantly reduce the difficulty of processing, reduces production cost.
It is generally believed that direction line of the second preceding surface in the cross section for crossing screw axis and the angle of screw screw-in direction
For 55~100 °, at preferably 75~95 °, the negative shadow that its ability to the anti-pullout of strength of screw is produced can be ignored substantially
Ring., on the contrary can be so as to form the structure of " barb " wherein it is possible to be set to slightly tilt backwards by the second preceding surface intentionally
Further improve the performance of anti-pullout of strength to a certain extent.
In the cross section for crossing screw axis, the cross sectional shape of various regular and irregulars can be presented in the second screw thread.Example
Such as when surface is intersecting behind the second preceding surface and second, the second screw thread substantially has a generally triangular shape；Behind the second preceding surface and second
When surface bottom is connected by straightway and/or curved section, quadrangle is substantially presented in the second screw thread, it is therefore preferable to trapezoidal；When
When the slope on surface constantly changes and eventually connected to behind two preceding surfaces and second, semicircle is substantially presented in the second screw thread.
Here " substantially " means that triangle, quadrangle (trapezoidal) and semicircular statement not fully meet
Each bar side of geometric definition, such as triangle, quadrangle (trapezoidal) is differed, and to establish a capital be straightway, can also include rule or
Irregular curved section or broken line；Also the curvature on for example semicircle side can gradually change.Even if also, each side is all
Straightway, their junction can also form chamfering or circular arc to eliminate stress concentration.
Preferably, the top axial size of second screw thread and height and the tooth root of the front and rear remainder of the first screw thread
Intensity existence function relation, wherein the basis for selecting of the top axial size and height is so that before first screw thread
The dedendum strength of remainder is in safe range afterwards, and make it that the bone contact area of second screw thread is maximum, and described second
The top axial size of screw thread is the 70% of the first thread crest width, the minimum institute of height of second screw thread to the maximum
State the direction line of surface after the 10% of the first thread tooth height, described second in the cross section for crossing screw axis and described the
The direction line formation of one preceding surface corresponding part is not more than surface after 15 ° of angle, described second and is crossing the transversal of screw axis
Direction line in face is parallel with the direction line of the described first preceding surface corresponding part, or screw axis are being crossed on surface after described second
Cross section in the angle of direction line and screw screw-in direction be 110~135 °.
As described in the background art, the ability of anti-axial rotational moment and total contact area of screw and bone are close
Correlation, contact area is bigger, and the ability for resisting axial rotational moment is also bigger, and screw is also just less susceptible to revolve among bone
Go out.
But it is due to that actual contact surface between skull screw and bone has certain spatial geometric shape, it is difficult to ask
Go out exact value, thus in the case where being not exactly accurate to result requirement, can also be by the second screw thread on axial cross section
Girth be used as the foundation for judging the anti-axial rotational moment ability of screw.
In general, the top axial size and height of the second screw thread of increase can effectively improve its performance.And to obtain
Obtain obvious performance to improve, the height of the second screw thread can not be less than the 10% of the first thread tooth height, but in order to ensure peace
Entirely, 70% of top axial size no more than the first thread crest width.
Preferably, second screw thread is continuous or including multiple threaded segments, when second screw thread is including more
During individual threaded segments, these threaded segments have incomplete same section in the cross section for crossing screw axis.
Wherein, the first preceding surface corresponding part refer to its with second after that a part of surface of apparent height identical.And it is " big
Cause it is parallel " implication refer to, be not necessarily what is be substantially parallel between two direction lines, a small folder can also be mutually formed
Angle.The presence of this small angle will not substantially increase resistance of the screw during screw-in, and similarly, it both can be main
Dynamic angle modification or the tolerance to angular error in processing.Preferably, the angle between two direction lines is no more than
15 °, and can just can bear.
For the skull screw of standardization, direction line and spiral shell of the surface in the cross section for crossing screw axis after second
Follow closely substantially 105~165 ° of the angle of screw-in direction, it is therefore preferable to 110~135 °.
Preferably, each side of second screw thread includes straightway and/or curved section, and second screw thread is distributed in screw thread
The front and/or rear in portion.
Also, the second screw thread can be distributed in the anterior or other any part of threaded portion, can also be distributed in threaded portion
Whole length on.It can also have the pitch of change.
These above-mentioned schemes are all that optionally the second helicitic texture is optimized and revised, and can be directed to specific use environment
Further improve the performance of skull screw.For example specifically, the bone of human body different parts inherently has different bones
Density, along with the skeleton development and aging degree of the patient of each ages are also different, even to same bone
Head, its from outside to inside bone density distribution be also different.Therefore, unalterable skull screw thread can not possibly be applied to institute
Some patients and position.Therefore, can be according to the concrete condition of sufferer, by adjusting the distribution of the second screw thread and cutting in design
Face changes so that screw more efficiently realizes the engagement with bone.
Preferably, second screw thread includes cylindrical thread internal diameter, or second screw thread is included in taper thread
Footpath, or second screw thread have bottom diameter corresponding with the first screw thread form.Second screw thread includes cylindrical thread
Internal diameter, the shape of cross section of second screw thread is segmentation, so that second screw thread is always positioned at first spiral shell
The middle part of line.
Preferably, the have a generally triangular shape screw thread of the first screw thread, flat thread, trapezoidal thread or semicircle screw thread.
Preferably, the 3rd spiral shell on surface after also including with the 3rd preceding surface and the 3rd in the bottom of second screw thread
After line, and the 3rd preceding surface and the 3rd direction line on surface respectively with described second after surface and the second preceding surface side
It is almost parallel to line.
Preferably, the top axial size of second screw thread is 0~1.5mm, the height of second screw thread for 0~
1.5mm, the tooth form of second screw thread is highly 0.1~0.5mm, and the height positioned at the second screw thread of the screw front end is more than
Or equal to the height of the second screw thread positioned at the screw rear end.
The advantages of the present invention are：The medical cranial nail skull structure has simple, easy to use, hand
Art effect is good, the convenient making of standardization can be achieved, and the features such as worked well for skull.Using skull pin structure of the present invention
Also have intensity high, not only play the effect of fix stably, be conveniently fixed with operation, and due to using above-mentioned multiple
The attachment structure of subelement so that make relative normalized so that making becomes relatively easy, and makes operation easily realize.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of medical cranial nail skull of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the zoomed-in view of encircled portion in medical cranial nail skull of the present invention, it is shown that cervical vertebra is implanted into screw
Tooth form structural representation；
Fig. 3 is the improvement project of the tooth form structure of the cranium skull screw shown in Fig. 2；
Fig. 4 is another improvement project of the tooth form structure of the screw shown in Fig. 2；
Fig. 5 is to be implanted into the front view of screw according to the cervical vertebra of another preferred embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the cross sectional view for crossing axis of the screw shown in Fig. 5；
Fig. 7 is the zoomed-in view of encircled portion in Fig. 6, it is shown that the tooth form structure of skull nail；
Fig. 8 is the schematic diagram of the optional modification of the second screw thread of the skull nail according to the present invention；
Fig. 9 a-9c are three kinds of optional distribution modes of the second screw thread of the skull screw according to the present invention；
Figure 10 a-10d are four kinds of positions of the second screw thread when the first screw thread is conical bottom gauge structure；
Figure 11 a-11h are several optional shapes of the second screw thread according to the present invention.
In figure：1st, skull plate body；2nd, Cephalic shadow mask；2.1st, subelement；2.2~2.6, skull screw hole；2.7th, it is fixed
Use elongated hole；2.8th, lateral orifices；2.9th, special-shaped fixing hole；3rd, skull is followed closely.
Embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, the embodiment to the present invention is further described.Following examples are only
For clearly illustrating technical scheme, and it can not be limited the scope of the invention with this.
Fig. 1,2, it is shown is implanted into being preferable to carry out for screw and its tooth form structure according to the skull that designs of the present invention
Mode.The screw is used for the preceding road of skull and repairs plate system, and the system has obtained extensive utilization in skull operation, its
Repair plate and skull screw including fixed, fixed will repair plate by using skull screw and bone be tightly attached to together, from
And the connection of knochenbruch or the correction of skull lesion and deformity are realized using the rigidity of plate is repaired.
As can be seen that a kind of medical cranial Bone nail structure, the skull pin structure includes having the first preceding surface in Fig. 1,2
11st, after first surface 12 and crest the first screw thread, be formed with least part crest of first screw thread including second
Second screw thread on surface 17 behind preceding surface 16 and second, at least partly described second screw thread is in the cross section for crossing screw axis
Cross sectional shape is change, and the mode of change includes gradual change and mutation, and gradual change and the combination being mutated, the first screw thread bag
Taper thread internal diameter is included, the pitch of second screw thread is change；The middle part followed closely in the skull is provided with the cavity run through
5, the upper end of cavity is respectively equipped with closure 6 provided with hex slot section 35 in the bottom of hex slot section 35 and cavity.
Medical cranial Bone nail structure, is characterized in being on the part surface of its original first threaded tip, is also formed
There are several the second screw threads.Because the second screw thread exists only in the top of the first screw thread, original first screw thread can't be reduced
Internal diameter, will not also form the Bottom of Thread of weakening, correspondingly would not also weaken the bending strength of skull nail.But, due to
The presence of two screw threads, can significantly increase the contact surface area of screw and skull again so that pullout of strength and axial-rotation
The loaded area of torque becomes big, therefore ensures that the improvement of screw mechanical property.Further, since being provided with the middle part of skull rivet nut
The cavity of tubulose, it is possible to use the cavity loads high intensity, high hard material and is used to strengthen its intensity.Page can utilize the cavity
The medicine for treatment is injected, the closure of cavity bottom is can be taken off in this case, medicine is penetrated into focus portion very longly
Position, can also extract hydrocrania using this cavity passage, or extract cerebral infarction extravasated blood, or be treated with its channel injection medicine etc..Its
In hex slot section can be used for screw fastening end, can with die nut insert hex slot section in by under screw-driving or dismounting
Come.
The bottom diameter of first screw thread is in cylinder, and diameter d1 is 2.2mm, and outer diameter D 1 is 4.0mm.Correspondingly, the first spiral shell
The maximum height H1 of line tooth form is 0.9mm.
And as shown in Fig. 2 the axial cross section for the first screw thread that the present embodiment is used substantially to be presented hypotenuse trapezoidal, before it
The angle α 1 of surface 11 and screw-in direction is 115 °, and the rear surface 12 of axial cross section is 85 °, spiral shell with the angle β 1 of screw-in direction
Line crest axial dimension L1 is 0.4mm.Hypotenuse triangle is substantially presented in second screw thread.
But, those of ordinary skill in the art can be with it is readily conceivable that the first screw thread can also use other existing
Thread forms, such as various triangle threads, flat thread and other shapes of trapezoidal thread.Certainly, the first screw thread can be adopted
With the various standardization screw threads in this area, and it is such from any shadow will not be caused to the application of the second screw thread of the invention
Ring.In actual use, manufacturer can carry out small tune according to the internal standard of oneself toward contact to the size of the first screw thread
Whole, such adjustment falls within known technology.
With continued reference to Fig. 2, the link of the second screw thread is located substantially at the top center of the first screw thread correspondence link, this be in order to
Ensure after the second screw thread is formed, the remainder 13,14 of the first screw thread has roughly equal mechanical strength.So can more it hold
Changing places ensures that the first screw thread original function is unaffected, so as to increase the height and axial dimension of the second screw thread to a greater degree.
The preceding surface 16 and rear surface 17 of second screw thread are presented on the cross section for crossing screw axis is located at front and rear two respectively
Two straightways of side, the bottom of two straightways is connected by circular arc chamfering, to eliminate stress concentration.The high h1 of second screw thread is
0.22mm, top axial size l1 are 0.2mm, so leave enough bottoms for the front and rear remainder 13,14 of the first screw thread
Portion's axial dimension, so that with enough dedendum strengths, the accidents such as broken teeth will not occur in use.
The preceding surface 16 of second screw thread is mainly used to carry pullout of strength, thus requires that it has larger gradient,
Skidded off during avoiding using from bone.In general, this purpose can be achieved in the preceding surface 16 vertical with axis, but also may be used
To make itself and vertical plane have certain angle, for example in the present embodiment, preceding surface 16 and the angle γ 1 of screw-in direction are
80°。
The rear surface 17 of axial cross section is mainly used to guide the screw-in of screw.Thus on the one hand its gradient is generally less than
Preceding surface 16, to reduce the moment of friction for preventing to screw in, on the other hand, the preceding surface 11 that its gradient can substantially with the first screw thread
It is equal, so as to avoid the stress during screwing in the first preceding surface 11 from clashing, increase the resistance screwed in.For example in this reality
Apply in mode, δ 1 is 115 °, equal with the angle α 1 on the first preceding surface 11 and screw-in direction.
Certainly, those skilled in the art can be easy to make various improvement on the basis of above-described embodiment.For example,
Each side of second thread cross-section might not be formed by single straight line segment, can also include curved section or straightway and curve
The combination of section.
And various data values are also to be chosen as needed, such as in another embodiment (structure reference picture 2)
In, the outer diameter D 1 ' of the first screw thread is changed into 4.5mm, and internal diameter d1 ' is changed into 2.8mm, and preceding surface 11 and the angle α 1 ' of screw-in direction become
For 125 °, and the height h1 ' of the second screw thread and top axial size l1 ' are changed into 0.3mm, preceding surface 16 and the folder of screw-in direction
Angle γ 1 ' is changed into 75 °, and rear surface 17 and the angle δ 1 ' of screw-in direction are changed into 120 °.
In addition, though the top of each first screw thread is only provided with single second screw thread in the present embodiment, but originally
Art personnel it is readily conceivable that the second screw thread quantity can according to need to be set to several (such as two in Fig. 3
It is individual) to adapt to required force-bearing situation, so long as structure be able to ensure that each remainder 13~15 of the first screw thread has
There is enough intensity without occurring the accidents such as fracture.But in general, just can be enough using single second screw thread
Improve the ability that screw bears pullout of strength and axial rotational moment.
Referring to Fig. 4, the yet another alternative of the structure of screw tooth form shown in Fig. 2 is shown in it, and it is real with first
The difference for applying mode is that hypotenuse trapezium structure is presented in the second screw thread in Fig. 4.Wherein, the parameter of the first screw thread is not repaiied
Change, and the Parameters variation of the second screw thread is, top axial size l2 increases are 0.25mm, and correspondingly, the first screw thread is before it
The radial dimension of remainder 23,24 afterwards has reduced, while h2 keeps 0.22mm constant.So, trapezoidal cross-section
Bottom axial dimension d2 is changed into 0.1mm (the fillet size for including both sides).
By the way that two embodiments are contrasted, it can be clear from finding, in the present embodiment, because the second screw thread is transversal
The girth in face is further increased, therefore screw is corresponding to the contact area of bone increases so that the energy of screw anti-rotation torque
Power further gets a promotion.Simultaneously as the size and angle of the front and rear surfaces of the second screw thread do not change, therefore screw
What the ability of anti-pullout of strength do not influenceed by.
Only possible defect is, because the radial dimension of the remainder 23,24 of the first screw thread has reduced so that
The intensity decreases of remainder 23,24, remainder 23,24 in use may be broken at root.But it is in fact, logical
The radial dimension that remainder 23,24 is reasonably set is crossed, the safe and reliable of this structure is may insure completely.
Fig. 5~7 show that another cervical vertebra designed according to the present invention is implanted into screw.The structure and chi of the skull screw
It is very little that further improvement has been done compared with the first two embodiment.Wherein, Fig. 5 shows the front view of the screw, and Fig. 6 is in order to clear
Chu shows the thread contour of the screw, and screw is splitted along the cross section for crossing axis, and Fig. 7 is Fig. 6 partial enlarged view,
Screw thread form can clearly be shown.
Wherein, in order to further optimize the force-bearing situation of screw, the first screw thread is no longer implemented as previous in the present embodiment
Example equally uses the regular screw threads structure of cylinder inner diameter, and be utilized in coning angle ε that this area generally used for 3~
12 ° of conical bottom gauge structure, as shown in Figure 6.
Skull screw 30 is by the common used material of this area, and such as medical titanium alloy or medical stainless steel are made, with higher
Rigidity and hardness.It mainly includes head 31, threaded portion 32 and afterbody 33, and wherein head 31 has tip 34, suitable for hammering into
Into bone；And afterbody 33 typically has the connecting portion 35 for being suitable to be connected and transmit torque with functional unit, as shown in Figure 6；And
Threaded portion 32 is then used for after screw 30 is tufted into bone, the various variable force load suffered by carrying screw, the design of its shape
Directly influence the mechanical property of screw.
In the present embodiment, the structure snd size on head 31, threaded portion 32 and afterbody 33 are using various known murices
The structure snd size of nail, in particular by the size of various standardization screws.Simply each manufacturer can be according to its internal specification
Some fine settings are done, but this fine setting will not produce influence to the structure and performance of screw.
Because the first screw thread uses conical bottom gauge structure, therefore as shown in fig. 6, the parameter of its first screw thread is whole
Constantly change in reach.For example, the first screw thread threaded portion 32 close to head 31 vicinity have maximum height H3 be
0.9mm, afterwards as the first screw thread extends back, its height constantly reduces, and the final neighbouring disappearance close to afterbody 33.
As shown in fig. 7, in the link of the first screw thread, the radial dimension L3 of thread crest is 0.42mm, and the spiral shell
The preceding surface and rear surface of line tooth form substantially 115 ° and 85 ° of angle with screw-in direction respectively, so as to form the first spiral shell respectively
The load-bearing surface and guiding screw of line carrying pullout of strength are screwed into the guiding surface in bone.
Continue as shown in fig. 7, the second screw thread in the present embodiment is with the first two embodiment, being also to be located substantially at the
The top center of one screw thread correspondence link, so as to limit the remainder 303,304 of the first screw thread.Second screw thread is also substantially in
Existing inverted triangle, the circular arc linked together by preceding surface, rear surface and by two surface bottom portions is constituted.Wherein, second
The angle γ 3 of preceding surface and screw-in direction is 90 °, and the angle δ 3 of rear surface and screw-in direction is 125 °, it is achieved thereby that " being easy to
Screw in, be difficult to deviate from " purpose of design.
Different from the first screw thread, what the second screw thread in this example was used is still the structure of cylindrical inner diameter, with uniform
Dimensional structure.Its high h3 is always 0.22mm, and top axial size l3 is always 0.2mm.Such size selection equally may be used
Effectively to increase the loaded area and screw of pullout of strength and the contact area of bone, pulled out so as to effectively improve anti-axis
The ability exerted oneself with turning moment, at the same will not reduce the first screw thread remainder 303,304 intensity and whole screw it is curved
Qu Qiangdu.Certainly, by choosing suitable parameter, the second screw thread can also be set to the circle identical or different with the first screw thread
Bore bottom gauge structure.
It should be noted that choosing appropriate parameter and the type of the first screw thread and the second screw thread being arranged in pairs or groups, no
The basic function of the present invention can be only realized, extra effect can also be produced.
For example in this example, because the first screw thread uses conical bottom gauge structure, thus from front to back its height by most
Big 0.9mm constantly reduces and final almost nil.As a result, the contact force almost all of the first screw thread and bone is distributed in spiral shell
On the forward part in line portion 32, the vicinity especially close to head 31, distribution of the variable force load along screw length direction is very not
Uniformly.And the height h3 of the second screw thread remains that 0.22mm is constant, the energy of total anti-pullout of strength except that can strengthen
Beyond the ability of power and anti-rotation torque, the performance of the latter half of threaded portion 32 is also improved particularly, so that axially extracting
The distribution of power and turning moment along screw length becomes than more uniform, the extra optimization overall force-bearing situation of screw.
It should be appreciated that, it is not that the distribution of force for being intended to screw in all cases becomes more equal
It is even, it is necessary to which the external force carried concentrates on some specific regions for some particular anatomies.And by the first screw thread
Selected with the type and parameter of the second screw thread, can partly realize the selectivity distribution of external force load.
For example for spinal vertebral, due to its bone density changing condition special from outside to inside, therefore screw and bone
When bone is engaged, most load can only be born by screw head.Correspondingly, the overall performance of screw is improved to carry
This high a part of Local Property.Thus, same the second screw thread that conical bottom gauge structure is presented, or anterior cylinder, rear part
Second screw thread of circular cone, or anterior circular cone, middle part cylinder, the second screw thread of rear portion circular cone are just more suitable for.
Fig. 8 shows the tooth form structural representation of the another class skull screw according to the present invention.It is simple in order to describe, will not
The part that by the agency of is crossed is explained in detail again.
It is clear that the second screw thread here is no longer as preceding several embodiments, to remain from Fig. 8
Identical cross section, but employ the setting of variable cross-section.Optional variable cross-section mode includes gradual change and mutation, and gradual change
With the combination of mutation.
Second screw thread is using the advantage of variable cross-section, can be distributed according to along the load in screw length direction come to second
The structure and parameter of screw thread is adjusted accordingly, so as to realize the further optimization of screw overall performance.
It is further noted that also show another improved helicitic texture in Fig. 8.Such as the spiral shell of low order end in Fig. 8
Shown in line tooth, can also have the 3rd extra screw thread 40, threeth screw thread the same with the second screw thread in the bottom of the second screw thread
Force-bearing situation of the screw when bearing various load can be improved so that the mechanical performance of screw is further improved.
Fig. 9 a-9c then show the other three alternative of the present invention.Wherein in fig. 9 a, the second screw thread is along screw
Whole axial length be distributed in the top of the first screw thread.The length of the second screw thread is most long in this scheme, thus to mechanicalness
The lifting of energy is also maximum.But as previously described, because the skeleton density distribution of different parts is not quite similar, be distributed
The second screw thread on whole axial length is sometimes what is be not necessarily to, and the lifting not only to performance is very limited, can also anti-mistake
To increase processing cost.
Thus sometimes, people are with greater need for the second screw thread as illustrated in figs. 9 b and 9 c, these second screw threads it is only continuous or
Piecewise is distributed in the operative tip of the first screw thread.Such benefit is can targetedly to optimize screw as needed
Performance.For example main bearing part is strengthened, or improves the inequality of load distribution.
Below with reference to Figure 10 a-10d, when using conical bottom gauge structure which show the first screw thread, four kinds of skull screw
Alternative.
A kind of simplest scheme of wherein structure is shown in Figure 10 a, i.e., the second screw thread is set to all the time with constant
Pitch t.Such structure processing comparison of getting up is easy, but may bring the defect in structure.
The reason is that because the second screw thread takes uniform pitch t arrangement, thus the second screw thread is on the first screw thread top
The relative position at end is not had no progeny shifting, as illustrated in fig. 10 a.So, if the length long enough of screw, will result in the second screw thread
Rear surface too close to the first screw thread rear surface so that the mechanical strength of the remainder of the first screw thread rearward is too low, very
Easily snap off.Even when screw length reaches certain value, the second screw thread can directly cut the rear surface of the first screw thread.
Even so, the scheme in Figure 10 a still has and is widely applied very much, because in reach less big situation
Under, this defect is not obvious, and technically processing is got up easily.And when reach is larger, it is necessary to
The structure and parameter of two screw threads is adjusted, to optimize the performance of screw.Figure 10 b-10d just respectively illustrate such technical side
Case.
In the scheme shown in Figure 10 b, the second screw thread is arranged to pitch and constantly changed (such as t1, t2, t3, t4 institute in figure
Show), change so as to offset the first screw thread caused by conical bottom gauge structure.
In the scheme shown in Figure 10 c, the second screw thread uses the structure of variable cross-section.Although not being avoided that drawbacks described above so
Generation, but in safe range, can further increase the contact area of screw and bone on the contrary to improve performance.
In the scheme shown in Figure 10 d, two schemes shown in Figure 10 b and Figure 10 c are combined together, so as to both improve
Performance, eliminates risk again.But, its processing technology is also most complicated.
In addition, in addition to the concrete structure having been described in above, Figure 11 a-11h also show several optional
Two thread cross-section shapes.Second screw thread of these structures all has different degrees of raising to the performance of screw.
Described above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, without departing from the technical principles of the invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications
Also it should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of medical cranial Bone nail structure, the skull pin structure is included with surface after the first preceding surface, first and crest
First screw thread, being formed with least part crest of first screw thread includes second of surface after the second preceding surface and second
Screw thread, cross sectional shape of at least partly described second screw thread in the cross section for crossing screw axis is change, the mode of change
Include the combination of gradual change and mutation, and gradual change and mutation, first screw thread includes taper thread internal diameter, second spiral shell
The pitch of line is change；Characterized in that, being provided with the cavity run through at the middle part that the skull is followed closely, the upper end of cavity is provided with
Hex slot section, closure is respectively equipped with the bottom of hex slot section and cavity, and the skull nail uses medical polyether-ether-ketone macromolecule
Material is prepared from.
2. medical cranial Bone nail structure as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that screw axis are being crossed on the second preceding surface
Direction line and the angle of screw screw-in direction in cross section are 55~100 °, and the horizontal stroke of screw axis is being crossed on the second preceding surface
Direction line and the angle of screw screw-in direction in section are 75~95 °, and the transversal of screw axis is being crossed on the second preceding surface
Direction line in face perpendicular to the screw axis, in the cross section for crossing screw axis, the section shape of second screw thread
Shape substantially has a generally triangular shape, quadrangle, it is semicircle at least one.
3. medical cranial Bone nail structure as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the top axial size of second screw thread and
Height and the dedendum strength existence function relation of the front and rear remainder of the first screw thread, wherein the top axial size and height
Basis for selecting be so that the dedendum strength of the front and rear remainder of first screw thread causes described in safe range
The bone contact area of second screw thread is maximum, and the top axial size of second screw thread is the first thread crest width to the maximum
70%, the 10% of the minimum first thread tooth height of height of second screw thread, surface is in mistake after described second
The direction line formation of direction line and the described first preceding surface corresponding part in the cross section of screw axis is not more than 15 ° of folder
Angle, direction line of the surface in the cross section for crossing screw axis and the direction of the described first preceding surface corresponding part after described second
Line is parallel, or direction line and the angle of screw screw-in direction of the surface in the cross section for crossing screw axis are after described second
110~135 °.
4. medical cranial Bone nail structure as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that second screw thread be it is continuous or including
Multiple threaded segments, when second screw thread includes multiple threaded segments, these threaded segments are crossing the transversal of screw axis
There is incomplete same section in face.
5. medical cranial Bone nail structure as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that each side of second screw thread includes straightway
And/or curved section, second screw thread is distributed in the front and/or rear of threaded portion.
6. medical cranial Bone nail structure as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that second screw thread is included in cylindrical thread
Footpath, or second screw thread include taper thread internal diameter, or second screw thread has spiral shell corresponding with the first screw thread form
Line internal diameter.Second screw thread includes cylindrical thread internal diameter, and the shape of cross section of second screw thread is segmentation, so that
Obtain the middle part that second screw thread is always positioned at first screw thread.
7. medical cranial Bone nail structure as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the have a generally triangular shape spiral shell of the first screw thread
Line, flat thread, trapezoidal thread or semicircle screw thread.
8. medical cranial Bone nail structure as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that also include tool in the bottom of second screw thread
The direction line for having surface after the 3rd screw thread on surface after the 3rd preceding surface and the 3rd, and the 3rd preceding surface and the 3rd is distinguished
With described second after surface and the second preceding surface direction line it is almost parallel.
9. medical cranial Bone nail structure as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the top axial size of second screw thread is
0~1.5mm, the height of second screw thread is 0~1.5mm, and the tooth form of second screw thread is highly 0.1~0.5mm, is located at
The height of second screw thread of the screw front end is more than or equal to the height of the second screw thread positioned at the screw rear end.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710598725.9A CN107280756A (en) | 2017-07-21 | 2017-07-21 | A kind of medical cranial Bone nail structure |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710598725.9A CN107280756A (en) | 2017-07-21 | 2017-07-21 | A kind of medical cranial Bone nail structure |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN107280756A true CN107280756A (en) | 2017-10-24 |
Family
ID=60102629
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710598725.9A Pending CN107280756A (en) | 2017-07-21 | 2017-07-21 | A kind of medical cranial Bone nail structure |
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| CN (1) | CN107280756A (en) |
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| WO2019238085A1 (en) * | 2018-06-14 | 2019-12-19 | Versitech Limited | Bone implant device |
| CN112156357A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2021-01-01 | 北京品驰医疗设备有限公司 | Skull screw |
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Inventor after: Wang Maode Inventor after: Wang Dazhi Inventor after: Wang Liang Inventor after: Li Yuan Inventor after: Wang Zhibin Inventor after: Jin Chaoliang Inventor after: Hu Liren Inventor after: Zhang Cheng Inventor after: Wang Lixin Inventor after: Wang Yan Inventor before: Qu Yan Inventor before: Wang Dazhi Inventor before: Wang Liang Inventor before: Li Yuan Inventor before: Wang Zhibin Inventor before: Jin Chaoliang Inventor before: Hu Liren Inventor before: Zhang Cheng Inventor before: Wang Lixin Inventor before: Wang Yan |
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Application publication date: 20171024 |
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| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |