CN107276436A - 一种单端反激式开关电源电路 - Google Patents

一种单端反激式开关电源电路 Download PDF

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CN107276436A
CN107276436A CN201710669034.3A CN201710669034A CN107276436A CN 107276436 A CN107276436 A CN 107276436A CN 201710669034 A CN201710669034 A CN 201710669034A CN 107276436 A CN107276436 A CN 107276436A
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circuit
electric capacity
power supply
voltage
output
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李建武
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Nanning Guangxi Chi Xin Electronic Technology Co Ltd
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Nanning Guangxi Chi Xin Electronic Technology Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M7/219—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/02—Details
    • H02H3/06—Details with automatic reconnection
    • H02H3/066—Reconnection being a consequence of eliminating the fault which caused disconnection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
    • H02H7/12—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
    • H02H7/125—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for rectifiers
    • H02H7/1252—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for rectifiers responsive to overvoltage in input or output, e.g. by load dump
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/36—Means for starting or stopping converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33561—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having more than one ouput with independent control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • H02M3/33592—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer having a synchronous rectifier circuit or a synchronous freewheeling circuit at the secondary side of an isolation transformer

Abstract

本发明提供一种单端反激式开关电源电路，属于，开关电源领域，包括启动电路、过流过压欠压保护电路、反馈电路和整流电路；所述启动电路的输出端经整流电路的输出端口为开关电源的电流输出端口，所述过流过压欠压保护电路的输出端分别与启动电路和整流电路连接，所述反馈电路的输入端与整流电路连接，输出端与启动电路连接。启动电路包括启动控制子电路和启动部件子电路，启动部件子电路与启动控制子电路连接，启动控制子电路分别与过流过压欠压保护电路、反馈电路和整流电路连接。本发明具有输出稳定，调控精度高的优点。

Description

一种单端反激式开关电源电路
技术领域
本发明涉及开关电源领域，特别是涉及一种单端反激式开关电源电路。
背景技术
电源装置是电力技术应用的一个重要领域，其中高频开关式直流稳压电源由于具有效率高、体积小和重量轻等突出优点，获得了广泛的应用。开关电源的控制电路可以分为电压控制型和电流控制型，电压控制型是一个单闭环电压控制系统，系统响应慢，很难达到较高的线形调整率精度。
为了能够进一步适应社会的需求，能够使得开关电源更加的稳定，通提高调整的进度，需要设计出一种新型的开关电源电路。
发明内容
本发明提供一种输出电源电压稳定，控制进度高的开关电源电路，解决现有开关电源电路不稳定和控制进度不高的问题。
本发明通过以下技术方案解决上述问题：
一种单端反激式开关电源电路，包括启动电路、过流过压欠压保护电路、反馈电路和整流电路；所述启动电路的输出端经整流电路的输出端口为开关电源的电流输出端口，所述过流过压欠压保护电路的输出端分别与启动电路和整流电路连接，所述反馈电路的输入端与整流电路连接，输出端与启动电路连接；
所述启动电路包括启动控制子电路和启动部件子电路，启动部件子电路与启动控制子电路连接，启动控制子电路分别与过流过压欠压保护电路、反馈电路和整流电路连接；
所述启动控制子电路包括误差放大器、衰减器、基准电源、振荡器、过流检测比较器、PWM锁存器、欠压锁定电路和门电路输出级；基准电源与衰减器连接，衰减器的输出端与误差放大器正极输入端连接；误差放大器的输出端领另一个衰减器与过流检测比较器的负极连接；振荡器和过流检测比较器的输出端与PWM锁存器连接；PWM锁存器和欠压锁定电路与门电路输出级练级。
上述方案中，优选的是启动部件子电路包括电容C1、C2、C13、C14、C15、C16，电感L1和二极管D1～D4组成的桥式整流环，电容C16并联在电源输入端，电源经电感L1与电容C15并联连接，电容C13和电容C14串联设置且电容C15连接；电容C13和电容C14的连接端接地且与桥式整流环连接，桥式整流环的分别与电容C1和电容C2一端连接，电容C1和电容C2另一端均接地。
上述方案中，优选的是过流过压欠压保护电路包括电阻R8、R9、R10，电容C9，二极管D9和mos管S1，电阻R9一端接地，另一端分别与电阻R10一端和mos管S1的源极连接，电容C9一端与电阻R10另一端连接，另一端接地，mos管S1栅极分别与二极管D9的输入端和电阻R8一端连接，电阻R8另一端与二极管D9的输出端连接。
上述方案中，优选的是反馈电路包括稳压电路和光耦电路，所述稳压电路经光耦电路与启动控制子电路连接，稳压电路与整流电路连接。
本发明的优点与效果是：
本发明通过反馈电路，把整流电路的电压电流情况具体的反馈给启动电路，启动电路根据反馈电路反馈电压和电流对启动电路进行控制，从而对电流和电压进行控制，提高控制进度；由于结构上有电压环、电流环双环系统，因此，无论开关电源的电压调整率、负载调整率和瞬态响应特性都有提高，是比较理想的新型的控制器闭。
附图说明
图1为本发明具体实施方式的结构框图。
图2为本发明具体实施方式的原理图。
图3为本发明具体实施方式的启动控制子电路框图。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
一种单端反激式开关电源电路如图1-3所示，包括启动电路、过流过压欠压保护电路、反馈电路和整流电路；所述启动电路的输出端经整流电路的输出端口为开关电源的电流输出端口，所述过流过压欠压保护电路的输出端分别与启动电路和整流电路连接，所述反馈电路的输入端与整流电路连接，输出端与启动电路连接。
所述启动电路包括启动控制子电路和启动部件子电路，启动部件子电路与启动控制子电路连接，启动控制子电路分别与过流过压欠压保护电路、反馈电路和整流电路连接。
所述启动控制子电路包括误差放大器、衰减器、基准电源、振荡器、过流检测比较器、PWM锁存器、欠压锁定电路和门电路输出级；基准电源与衰减器连接，衰减器的输出端与误差放大器正极输入端连接；误差放大器的输出端领另一个衰减器与过流检测比较器的负极连接；振荡器和过流检测比较器的输出端与PWM锁存器连接；PWM锁存器和欠压锁定电路与门电路输出级练级。
启动电路如图2所示交流电由C16、L1、C15以及C14、C13进行低通滤波，其中C16、C15组成抗串模干扰电路，用于抑制正态噪声；C14、C13、L1组成抗共模干扰电路，用于抑制共态噪声干扰。它们的组合应用对电磁干扰由很强的衰减旁路作用。滤波后的交流电压经D1～D4桥式整流以及电解电容C1、C2滤波后变成3lOV的脉动直流电压，此电压经R1降压后给C8充电，当C8的电压达到UC3842的启动电压门槛值时，UC3842开始工作并提供驱动脉冲，由脚6输出推动开关管工作。随着UC3842的启动，R1的工作也就基本结束，余下的任务交给反馈绕组，由反馈绕组产生电压给UC3842供电。由于输入电压超过了UC3842的工作，为了避免意外，用D10稳压管限定UC3842的输入电压，否则将出现UC3842被损坏的情况。
过流过压欠压保护电路如图2所示由于输入电压的不稳定，或者一些其他的外在因素，有时会导致电路出现短路、过压、欠压等不利于电路工作的现象发生，因此，电路必须具有一定的保护功能。如图2所示，如果由于某种原因，输出端短路而产生过流，开关管的漏极电流将大幅度上升，R9两端的电压上升，UC3842的脚3上的电压也上升。当该脚的电压超过正常值0.3V达到1V(即电流超过1.5A)时，UC3842的PWM比较器输出高电平，使PWM锁存器复位，关闭输出。这时，UC3842的脚6无输出，MOS管S1截止，从而保护了电路。如果供电电压发生过压(在265V以上)，UC3842无法调节占空比，变压器的初级绕组电压大大提高，UC3842的脚7供电电压也急剧上升，其脚2的电压也上升，关闭输出。如果电网的电压低于85V，UC3842的脚1电压也下降，当下降lV(正常值是3.4V)以下时，PWM比较器输出高电平，使PWM锁存器复位，关闭输出。如果人为意外地将输出端短路，这时输出电流将成倍增大，使得自动恢复开关RF内部的热量激增，它立即断开电路，起到过压保护作用。一旦故障排除，自动恢复开关RF在5s之内快速恢复阻抗。因此，此电路具有短路过流、过压、欠压三重保护。
反馈电路如图2所示，反馈电路采用精密稳压源TL431和线性PC817。利用TL43l可调式精密稳压器构成误差电压放大器，再通过线性光耦对输出进行精确的调整。如图2所示，R4、R5是精密稳压源的外接控制电阻，它们决定输出电压的高低，和TL431一并组成外部误差放大器。当输出电压升高时，取样电压VR7也随之升高，设定电压大于基准电压(TL431的基准电压为2.5V)，使TL431内的误差放大器的输出电压升高，致使片内驱动的输出电压降低，也使输出电压Vo下降，最后Vo趋于稳定；反之，输出电压下降引起设置电压下降，当输出电压低于设置电压时，误差放大器的输出电压下降，片内的驱动三极管的输出电压升高，最终使得UC3842的脚1的补偿输入电流随之变化，促使片内对PWM比较器进行调节，改变占空比，达到稳压的目的。R7、R8的阻值是这样计算的：先固定R7的阻值，再计算R8的阻值。
整流电路如图2所示，输出整流滤波电路直接影响到电压波纹的大小，影响输出电压的性能。开关电源输出端中对波纹幅值的影响主要有以下几个方面。主要通过电阻R3、电容C4和二极管D6、D7实现整流。
(1)输入电源的噪声，是指输入电源中所包含的交流成分。解决的方案是在电源输入端加电容C5，以滤除此噪声干扰。
(2)高频信号噪声，开关电源中对直流输入进行高频的斩波，然后通过高频的变压器进行传输，在这个过程中，必然会掺人高频的噪声干扰。还有功率管器件在开关的过程中引起的高频噪声。对于这类高频噪声的解决方案是在输出端采用π型滤波的方式。滤波电感采用150μH的电感，可滤除高频噪声。
(3)采用快速恢复D6、D7整流。基于低压、功耗低、大电流的特点，有利于提高电源的效率，其反向恢复时间短，有利于减少高频噪声。
并联整流二极管减小尖峰电压在大功率的整流电路中，次级整流桥电路存在较大杂散电感，输出整流管在换流时，由于电路中存在寄生振荡，整流管会承受较大的尖峰电压，尖峰电压的存在提高了对整流二极管的耐压要求，也将带来额外的电路损耗。整流桥的寄生振荡产生于变压器的漏感(或附加的谐振电感)与变压器的绕组电容和整流管的结电容之间。
当副边电压为零时，在全桥整流器中4只二极管全部导通，输出滤波电感电流处于自然续流状态。而当副边电压变化为高电压Vin/K(K为变压器变比)时，整流桥中有两只二极管要关断，两只二极管继续导通。这时候变压器的漏感(或附加的谐振电感)就开始和关断的整流二极管的电容谐振。即使采用，二极管依然会承受至少两倍的尖峰电压，因此，必须采用有效的缓冲电路，有许多文献对此作了研究，归纳起来有5种方式：RC缓冲电路，RCD缓冲电路，主动箝位缓冲电路，第三个绕组加二极管箝位缓冲电路，原边侧加二极管箝位缓冲电路。在这里提出另一种减小二极管尖峰电压有效的方法：即整流二极管并联
以上已对本发明创造的较佳实施例进行了具体说明，但本发明并不限于实施例，熟悉本领域的技术人员在不违背本发明创造精神的前提下还可作出种种的等同的变型或替换，这些等同的变型或替换均包含在本申请的范围内。

Claims (4)

1.一种单端反激式开关电源电路，其特征在于，包括启动电路、过流过压欠压保护电路、反馈电路和整流电路；所述启动电路的输出端经整流电路的输出端口为开关电源的电流输出端口，所述过流过压欠压保护电路的输出端分别与启动电路和整流电路连接，所述反馈电路的输入端与整流电路连接，输出端与启动电路连接；
所述启动电路包括启动控制子电路和启动部件子电路，启动部件子电路与启动控制子电路连接，启动控制子电路分别与过流过压欠压保护电路、反馈电路和整流电路连接；
所述启动控制子电路包括误差放大器、衰减器、基准电源、振荡器、过流检测比较器、PWM锁存器、欠压锁定电路和门电路输出级；基准电源与衰减器连接，衰减器的输出端与误差放大器正极输入端连接；误差放大器的输出端领另一个衰减器与过流检测比较器的负极连接；振荡器和过流检测比较器的输出端与PWM锁存器连接；PWM锁存器和欠压锁定电路与门电路输出级练级。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种单端反激式开关电源电路，其特征在于：所述启动部件子电路包括电容C1、C2、C13、C14、C15、C16，电感L1和二极管D1～D4组成的桥式整流环，电容C16并联在电源输入端，电源经电感L1与电容C15并联连接，电容C13和电容C14串联设置且电容C15连接；电容C13和电容C14的连接端接地且与桥式整流环连接，桥式整流环的分别与电容C1和电容C2一端连接，电容C1和电容C2另一端均接地。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种单端反激式开关电源电路，其特征在于：所述过流过压欠压保护电路包括电阻R8、R9、R10，电容C9，二极管D9和mos管S1，电阻R9一端接地，另一端分别与电阻R10一端和mos管S1的源极连接，电容C9一端与电阻R10另一端连接，另一端接地，mos管S1栅极分别与二极管D9的输入端和电阻R8一端连接，电阻R8另一端与二极管D9的输出端连接。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种单端反激式开关电源电路，其特征在于：所述反馈电路包括稳压电路和光耦电路，所述稳压电路经光耦电路与启动控制子电路连接，稳压电路与整流电路连接。
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Application publication date: 20171020