CN107271760B - Equipment and method for measuring and evaluating bipolar plate of underground power frequency voltage - Google Patents
Equipment and method for measuring and evaluating bipolar plate of underground power frequency voltage Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种地中工频电压双极板测评装置与方法，工频电压发生模块两极分别接入接地网和铜棒电极上；接地网和铜棒电极埋入地中；双极板电压采集模块埋入地中，通过同轴电缆与数据测量模块输入端连接；数据测量模块通过无线通信模块与信号控制平台连接；信号控制平台与图形处理模块连接；本装置中双极板电压采集模块对放置方向无要求，布置方便；本系统中采集电压所得数据由无线通信模块传输到信号控制平台。本发明还公开了一种应用上述装置测量并计算地表感应电压梯度方法以及工频电压。
The invention discloses an underground power frequency voltage bipolar plate evaluation device and method. The two poles of the power frequency voltage generation module are respectively connected to the grounding grid and the copper rod electrode; the grounding grid and the copper rod electrode are buried in the ground; the bipolar plate The voltage acquisition module is buried in the ground and connected to the input end of the data measurement module through a coaxial cable; the data measurement module is connected to the signal control platform through a wireless communication module; the signal control platform is connected to the graphics processing module; the bipolar plate voltage acquisition in this device There is no requirement for the placement direction of the module, and the arrangement is convenient; the data obtained by collecting the voltage in this system is transmitted to the signal control platform by the wireless communication module. The invention also discloses a method for measuring and calculating the ground induced voltage gradient and the power frequency voltage using the device.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及地中工频电压双极板测评装置技术领域。The invention relates to the technical field of an underground power frequency voltage bipolar plate evaluation device.
背景技术Background technique
输电杆塔接地装置起着快速排泄故障电流、雷电流，降低杆塔电位，保证附近设备和人身安全的作用，是电力系统可靠运行的一个重要保证，同时由于大地具有一定电阻率，电流入地点及电流流经的地方会出现一定的电势。雷电流入地点附近的地表将会呈现一定的电位分布，若此时雷击点附近正好有人或动物，由于站立或行走于地表的不同两点，这两点之间的电位差作用在人或动物身上，可能会造成伤亡。当发生雷击或者接地短路时，可能造成严重的经济损失和社会影响。因此，找到一种能快速方便地对接地故障时地中电压分布进行检测的装置及方法，进而采取相应的防护措施已成为电力行业现有输电线路运行维护工作中亟待解决的问题。The grounding device of the transmission tower plays a role in quickly discharging fault current and lightning current, reducing the potential of the tower, and ensuring the safety of nearby equipment and personal safety. It is an important guarantee for the reliable operation of the power system. A certain electric potential will appear where the flow passes. The ground surface near the lightning strike point will show a certain potential distribution. If there is a person or animal near the lightning strike point at this time, the potential difference between the two points will act on the human or animal due to standing or walking at two different points on the ground surface. , may cause injury or death. When a lightning strike or a ground short circuit occurs, serious economic losses and social impacts may be caused. Therefore, it has become an urgent problem to be solved in the operation and maintenance of existing transmission lines in the power industry to find a device and method that can quickly and conveniently detect the voltage distribution in the ground during a ground fault, and then take corresponding protective measures.
目前，对地表的电位分布没有有效的监测方法，通常只能测得某一方向上的地中散流，通过地中散流情况推断地表电位分布，操作过程复杂，精确度低，在具体实施过程中很不方便。针对以上的问题，本发明针对地中电压分布监测提出了一种地中工频电压双极板测评装置，为输电线路杆塔周边安全的判断提供了一种新的方法。At present, there is no effective monitoring method for the potential distribution of the surface. Usually, only the subsurface flow in a certain direction can be measured, and the surface potential distribution can be inferred from the subsurface flow. The operation process is complicated and the accuracy is low. In the specific implementation process Very inconvenient. In view of the above problems, the present invention proposes an underground power frequency voltage bipolar plate evaluation device for underground voltage distribution monitoring, which provides a new method for judging the safety around transmission line towers.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种地中工频电压双极板测评装置，该装置能够对工频接地故障地中电压进行测评，该装置集发生、采集、分析于一体，结构简单，操作方便且安全可靠，通过设计的测试及分析方法得到接地故障时地中电压分布，能够实现对输电线路杆塔周边安全的高效、准确判断。The purpose of the present invention is to provide an evaluation device for power frequency voltage bipolar plates in the ground, which can evaluate the power frequency ground fault ground voltage. The device integrates generation, collection and analysis, and has a simple structure, convenient operation and It is safe and reliable. Through the designed test and analysis method, the voltage distribution in the ground during the ground fault can be obtained, and the efficient and accurate judgment of the safety around the transmission line tower can be realized.
本发明的技术问题主要是通过下述技术方案得以解决的：Technical problem of the present invention is mainly solved by the following technical solutions:
一种地中工频电压双极板测评装置，信号控制平台210与工频电压调节模块100电气连接，并与数据处理模块230和无线通信模块250数据连接；信号控制平台210向工频电压调节模块100发出控制信号，实现工频电压幅值及电压输出时间的调节；工频电压调节模块100输出端通过导线110与接地网130及铜棒电极120相连形成回路；四套电压测量单元的探头部分AA呈直线分布在接地网与接地极之间，每两套之间距离相等为L。An underground power frequency voltage bipolar plate evaluation device, the signal control platform 210 is electrically connected to the power frequency voltage adjustment module 100, and is connected to the data processing module 230 and the wireless communication module 250 data; the signal control platform 210 is adjusted to the power frequency voltage The module 100 sends a control signal to realize the adjustment of the power frequency voltage amplitude and the voltage output time; the output terminal of the power frequency voltage regulation module 100 is connected with the grounding grid 130 and the copper rod electrode 120 through the wire 110 to form a loop; the probes of the four sets of voltage measurement units Part AA is distributed in a straight line between the ground grid and the ground electrode, and the distance between each two sets is equal to L.
所述四套双极板电压采集模块由两组金属极板构成，两组极板由绝缘杆呈直角支撑，每组极板由两片方形金属极板由绝缘杆支撑相对而立；对于每组极板，有一绝缘导线焊接于每片极板上方；双极板电压采集模块置于地表之下，极板所在平面与地平面垂直，且其放置角度任意。The four sets of bipolar plate voltage acquisition modules are composed of two groups of metal pole plates, and the two groups of pole plates are supported at right angles by insulating rods, and each group of polar plates is supported by two square metal pole plates to stand oppositely by insulating rods; for each group For the pole plates, an insulated wire is welded above each pole plate; the bipolar plate voltage acquisition module is placed under the ground surface, and the plane where the pole plates are located is perpendicular to the ground plane, and its placement angle is arbitrary.
进一步地，所述信号控制平台通过无线通信模块与电压测量单元通信，接收电压测量单元的电压数据信息并控制其工作状态。Further, the signal control platform communicates with the voltage measurement unit through the wireless communication module, receives the voltage data information of the voltage measurement unit and controls its working state.
进一步地，所述电压测量单元包括电压感应单元和数据存储转换器，电压感应单元与双极板上的绝缘导线相连，电压感应单元通过同轴电缆与数据存储转换器连接。所述工频电压调节模块可输出幅值、通断时间可调的50Hz工频电压，与所述接地网、导线、铜棒电极和大地构成回路。Further, the voltage measurement unit includes a voltage sensing unit and a data storage converter, the voltage sensing unit is connected to the insulated wire on the bipolar plate, and the voltage sensing unit is connected to the data storage converter through a coaxial cable. The power frequency voltage regulation module can output a 50Hz power frequency voltage with adjustable amplitude and on-off time, which forms a loop with the grounding grid, wires, copper rod electrodes and the ground.
所述电压测量单元包括电压感应单元和数据存储转换器，电压感应单元与双极板上的绝缘导线相连，电压感应单元通过同轴电缆与数据存储转换器连接。The voltage measuring unit includes a voltage sensing unit and a data storage converter, the voltage sensing unit is connected to the insulated wire on the bipolar plate, and the voltage sensing unit is connected to the data storage converter through a coaxial cable.
本发明的另一目的是提供一种应用上述装置测量并计算地中工频电压的方法：Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for applying the above-mentioned device to measure and calculate the power frequency voltage in the ground:
采用如上所述装置的一种地中工频电压双极板测评方法，所述接地网130与铜棒电极120的填埋深度和填埋距离根据试验需要进行调整，通过所述四套双极板电压采集模块均匀排布，测得电压数据矩阵表示为第i套装置所处的位置处电压为：ui0,ui1,ui2为每套装置上三个电极板监测得到的电压数据；Using a method for evaluating the underground power frequency voltage bipolar plate of the above-mentioned device, the depth and distance of the ground grid 130 and the copper rod electrode 120 are adjusted according to the needs of the test. Through the four sets of bipolar plates The board voltage acquisition modules are evenly arranged, and the measured voltage data matrix is expressed as The voltage at the position of the i-th device is: u i0 , u i1 , u i2 are the voltage data obtained by monitoring the three electrode plates on each device;
地表电位下降速率，计算公式为：k表示下降速率。Surface potential drop rate, the calculation formula is: k represents the rate of descent.
这样，四套双极板电压测量装置在地表距离均匀排布，距离为L根据实验人员要求确定；测得数据矩阵为 In this way, the four sets of bipolar plate voltage measuring devices are evenly arranged on the surface, and the distance L is determined according to the requirements of the experimenters; the measured data matrix is
每套装置所处的位置处电压计算公式为： The formula for calculating the voltage at the location of each device is:
所述装置可计算出地表电位下降速率，计算公式为： The device can calculate the drop rate of the surface potential, and the calculation formula is:
所述的数据处理模块有通讯接口，通过通信接口与所述的信号控制模块进行数据交换。The data processing module has a communication interface, and exchanges data with the signal control module through the communication interface.
所述的图形处理模块根据数据处理模块所计算的电压采集模块放置位置的地表电压梯度数据，可绘出地表电压梯度随时间变化的波形，根据测量的电压梯度可得到对应电压强度下人的跨步电压值，从而设置保护距离。The graphics processing module can draw the waveform of the surface voltage gradient changing with time according to the surface voltage gradient data at the location where the voltage acquisition module is placed calculated by the data processing module, and can obtain the cross-sectional area of the person under the corresponding voltage intensity according to the measured voltage gradient. Step voltage value to set the protection distance.
与现有技术相比，本发明可以在不改变输电线路接地装置结构的前提下，对接地故障时地表电压分布进行较为准确的判断；同时，能任意检测一个待测点的电压梯度而不需要锁定电位零点测量电位，突破了原有地电位测试的方法，现场测试工作量大幅减少。因此本发明能在大幅减少现场测试工作量的前提下，有效地、准确地检测出输电线路杆塔附近电压分布，从而可及时采取有效措施，提高输电线路的运行可靠性。Compared with the prior art, the present invention can make a more accurate judgment on the distribution of the ground surface voltage during a ground fault without changing the structure of the transmission line grounding device; at the same time, it can arbitrarily detect the voltage gradient of a point to be measured without the need Locking the potential zero point to measure the potential breaks through the original method of ground potential testing, greatly reducing the workload of on-site testing. Therefore, the present invention can effectively and accurately detect the voltage distribution near the tower of the transmission line under the premise of greatly reducing the workload of field testing, so that effective measures can be taken in time to improve the operation reliability of the transmission line.
附图说明Description of drawings
附图1为本发明一种地中工频电压双极板测评装置原理图；Accompanying drawing 1 is the schematic diagram of a kind of underground power frequency voltage bipolar plate evaluation device of the present invention;
附图2为本发明中双极板电压采集装置结构示意图Accompanying drawing 2 is the structural representation of bipolar plate voltage acquisition device among the present invention
附图3为本发明中电压测量单元原理示意图Accompanying drawing 3 is the schematic diagram of voltage measurement unit principle in the present invention
附图4为本发明中电压采集装置布置图Accompanying drawing 4 is the layout diagram of the voltage acquisition device in the present invention
附图标记说明：Explanation of reference signs:
100、工频电压调节模块，110、导线，120、铜棒电极，130、接地网，200、双极板电压采集模块，201、金属极板，202、铜质垫片，203、盘头螺丝，204、双通尼龙柱六角内螺纹隔离柱，205、环氧树脂支架，206、绝缘导线，210、信号控制平台，220、数据处理模块，230、同轴电缆，240、图形处理模块，250、无线通信模块，260、电压测量单元。100. Power frequency voltage regulation module, 110. Lead wire, 120. Copper rod electrode, 130. Grounding grid, 200. Bipolar plate voltage acquisition module, 201. Metal plate, 202. Copper gasket, 203. Pan head screw , 204, double-pass nylon column hexagonal internal thread isolation column, 205, epoxy resin bracket, 206, insulated wire, 210, signal control platform, 220, data processing module, 230, coaxial cable, 240, graphics processing module, 250 . A wireless communication module. 260. A voltage measurement unit.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
本发明的目的是提供一种地中工频电压双极板测评装置，该装置集发生、采集、分析于一体，结构简单，操作方便且安全可靠。同时本发明中提供一种应用上述装置测量并计算地中工频电压的方法。The purpose of the present invention is to provide an underground power frequency voltage bipolar plate evaluation device, which integrates generation, collection and analysis, has a simple structure, is easy to operate, and is safe and reliable. At the same time, the present invention provides a method for measuring and calculating the power frequency voltage in the ground using the above-mentioned device.
为了令使用本装置的人员能够更好的理解本发明，下面结合附图对本发明进行详细的说明。应当理解的是，此处所描述的具体实施方式仅用以解释本发明，并不限定本发明的保护范围。In order to enable those who use the device to better understand the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention, and do not limit the protection scope of the present invention.
请参考图1和图2，图1为本发明一种具体实施方式所提供的基地中工频电压双极板测评装置连接图；图2为图1中双极板电压采集装置。Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2, Figure 1 is a connection diagram of the power frequency voltage bipolar plate evaluation device in the base provided by a specific embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 is the bipolar plate voltage acquisition device in Figure 1.
在具体实施中，工频220V电源接入工频电压调节模块100，工频电压调节模块100中包括变压模块、调节模块和通讯接口，通讯接口与信号控制平台210通过同轴电缆相连，信号控制平台210向变压模块、调节模块分别发出控制信号，实现工频电压幅值及电压输出时间的调节；工频电压调节模块100输出端通过导线110与接地网130及铜棒电极120相连形成回路。其中，接地网130与铜棒电极120的填埋深度和填埋距离可根据试验需要进行调整。In a specific implementation, the power frequency 220V power supply is connected to the power frequency voltage regulation module 100. The power frequency voltage regulation module 100 includes a transformer module, a regulation module and a communication interface. The communication interface is connected to the signal control platform 210 through a coaxial cable, and the signal The control platform 210 sends control signals to the transformer module and the regulation module respectively to realize the regulation of the power frequency voltage amplitude and the voltage output time; circuit. Wherein, the embedding depth and embedding distance between the grounding grid 130 and the copper rod electrode 120 can be adjusted according to the test requirements.
信号控制平台210有通讯接口，通过同轴电缆与工频电压调节模块100和数据处理模块220相连，从人身安全角度考虑，使用无线通讯模块250让信号控制平台210与电压测量单元260相连；信号控制平台210内部包含单片机控制电路、数据存储电路、继电器信号驱动电路，通过继电器信号驱动电路可控制电压测量单元260工作状态,在信号控制平台210可以通过无线通讯模块250向电压测量单元260发出信号控制其继电器驱动电路，从而控制是否进行采集数据并向信号控制平台210传输数据。由此，实验人员可通过信号控制平台210对实验直接进行控制，保证了实验的安全性及便利性。The signal control platform 210 has a communication interface, and is connected to the power frequency voltage regulation module 100 and the data processing module 220 through a coaxial cable. From the perspective of personal safety, the signal control platform 210 is connected to the voltage measurement unit 260 by using the wireless communication module 250; The control platform 210 includes a single-chip microcomputer control circuit, a data storage circuit, and a relay signal drive circuit, through which the relay signal drive circuit can control the working state of the voltage measurement unit 260, and the signal control platform 210 can send a signal to the voltage measurement unit 260 through the wireless communication module 250 Control its relay driving circuit, thereby controlling whether to collect data and transmit data to the signal control platform 210 . Therefore, the experimenter can directly control the experiment through the signal control platform 210, which ensures the safety and convenience of the experiment.
所述数据处理模块220包括数据存储电路和计算电路；信号控制平台210接收到由电压测量单元测得的随时间变化的各路数据，后通过数据线传输到数据处理模块220中的存储器，由计算电路读取存储器中各路采集的电压数据，并向计算电路中写入计算公式通过公式处理得到的数据传输到图形处理模块240；图形处理模块240接收到数据进行绘图，得到双极板电压采集模块200地中工频电压随时间变化图；为了计算电压衰减速率，向计算电路中写入衰减速率计算公式 The data processing module 220 includes a data storage circuit and a computing circuit; the signal control platform 210 receives the various data of the time-varying data measured by the voltage measurement unit, and then transmits the data to the memory in the data processing module 220 through the data line, and the The calculation circuit reads the voltage data collected by each channel in the memory, and writes the calculation formula into the calculation circuit The data obtained by the formula processing is transmitted to the graphics processing module 240; the graphics processing module 240 receives the data and draws the graph, and obtains the power frequency voltage in the ground of the bipolar plate voltage acquisition module 200 as a function of time; in order to calculate the voltage decay rate, send to the calculation circuit Write the decay rate calculation formula in
具体地，请参考图3，图3为所述电压测量单元结构示意图，其工作流程是两路输入通道通过电压感应单元所感应到的电压作为输入，此时输入是模拟量，通过A/D转换器将电压模拟量转化成电压数字量控制存储存储器中。电压测量单元260包括电压感应单元和数据存储转换器，绝缘导线206与数据存储转换器连接，数据存储转换器中CPU控制A/D转换芯片对输入信号进行采样，转换成数字信号存入存储芯片中。Specifically, please refer to FIG. 3. FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the voltage measurement unit. Its working process is that the voltage sensed by the voltage sensing unit through the two input channels is used as the input. At this time, the input is an analog quantity, and the A/D The converter converts the voltage analog into a voltage digital control and stores it in the memory. The voltage measurement unit 260 includes a voltage sensing unit and a data storage converter. The insulated wire 206 is connected to the data storage converter. In the data storage converter, the CPU controls the A/D conversion chip to sample the input signal and convert it into a digital signal and store it in the storage chip. middle.
具体的，请参考图2，图2为本发明一种具体实施方式中双极板电压采集模块，包括BVR14mm2规格绝缘导线206、5cm*5cm*0.1cm规格金属极板201，M3铜质垫片202，规格M3*8的十一字盘头螺丝203，规格M3*10双通尼龙柱六角内螺纹隔离柱204，直角端部带螺纹环氧树脂支架205；四片金属极板201分成两组，每组两片；两金属极板201之间需要保持一定绝缘间隙，通过两个平行的规格M3*10双通尼龙柱六角内螺纹隔离柱204实现绝缘隔离，端部由M3*8的十一字盘头螺丝203拧入隔离柱204，使之形成相距10mm的相互平行的一组集压板，上端规格M3*8的十一字盘头螺丝203下面垫有M3铜质垫片202，M3铜质垫片202与BVR14mm2规格绝缘导线206相连；另两片金属极板201使用同样方式形成另一组集压板；两组集压板通过直角端部带螺纹环氧树脂支架205连接，形成一个牢固整体；将此双极板电压采集模块200布置在地表待测位置，金属极板201垂直于地表面，角度任意。Specifically, please refer to FIG. 2. FIG. 2 is a bipolar plate voltage acquisition module in a specific embodiment of the present invention, including a BVR14mm 2 insulated wire 206, a 5cm*5cm*0.1cm metal plate 201, and an M3 copper pad Sheet 202, 11-shaped pan head screw 203 with specification M3*8, double-pass nylon column with hexagonal internal thread spacer column 204 with specification M3*10, epoxy resin bracket 205 with thread at right-angle end; four metal pole plates 201 divided into two Two sets of two pieces in each group; a certain insulation gap needs to be maintained between the two metal plates 201, and the insulation isolation is realized through two parallel specification M3*10 double-pass nylon column hexagonal internal thread isolation columns 204, and the ends are made of M3*8 Eleven-head pan-head screws 203 are screwed into isolation columns 204 to form a set of pressure-collecting plates parallel to each other with a distance of 10 mm. The upper-end specification M3*8 eleven-head pan-head screws 203 are placed under M3 copper gaskets 202 . The M3 copper gasket 202 is connected to the BVR14mm 2 insulated wire 206; the other two metal plates 201 are used in the same way to form another set of pressure-collecting plates; the two sets of pressure-collecting plates are connected by a threaded epoxy resin bracket 205 at the right-angled end to form A solid whole; the bipolar plate voltage acquisition module 200 is arranged on the ground surface to be measured, and the metal pole plate 201 is perpendicular to the ground surface at any angle.
具体的，请参考附图4，电压测量单元布置图，四套电压测量单元分布在接地网与接地极之间，每两套之间距离相等为L；四套装置必须位于一条直线上，其所在直线与接地网的相对位置根据实验人员的要求可做调整。Specifically, please refer to attached drawing 4, the layout diagram of the voltage measurement unit, four sets of voltage measurement units are distributed between the ground grid and the ground electrode, and the distance between each two sets is equal to L; the four sets of devices must be located on a straight line, and The relative position of the straight line and the ground grid can be adjusted according to the requirements of the experimenter.
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