CN107271556B - Ultrasonic single-probe measuring method in non-uniform material - Google Patents
Ultrasonic single-probe measuring method in non-uniform material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an ultrasonic single-probe measuring method in a non-uniform material, which comprises the following steps: firstly, determining the front edge of a probe and the zero offset of the probe on a common standard test block; step two, processing a hot-rolled temperature-controlled high-strength steel TMCP test block, and respectively calculating refraction angles at different depths on the basis of determining zero offset of a system probe; thirdly, determining a reasonable material ultrasonic detection depth partition according to the calculated refraction angle, and obtaining an optimized refraction angle value of a depth area; on the basis of determining the optimized refraction angle value and the zero offset of the system probe, adjusting the sound velocity value to enable the error of the upper and lower depth display values in the depth interval to be smaller than 1 mm; and the adjusted sound velocity is used as the sound velocity for ultrasonic detection in the depth section. The invention can correctly measure the sound velocity for ultrasonic detection or control the deviation of the sound velocity within a certain range, can improve the reliability of ultrasonic detection of the material and the connecting welding line thereof, and has important significance for the installation of ultra-large steel structures.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ultrasonic detection processes for steel and welding seams, in particular to a method for measuring ultrasonic sound velocity in a non-uniform material.
Background
In the construction process of large steel structures in China at present, a large amount of hot-rolled temperature-controlled high-strength steel (TMCP steel) is used, and the internal quality detection of the hot-rolled temperature-controlled high-strength steel and welding seams thereof generally adopts ultrasonic detection. Due to the difference of the binding direction, the binding force and the temperature control, the acoustic characteristics of the ultrasonic wave propagation of the steel show nonuniformity, which leads to the change of the sound velocity in the propagation direction. In the detection of the ultrasonic oblique probe, the ultrasonic propagation sound velocity in the material is not uniform, so that the positioning of partial material defects and welding defects has deviation, the possibility of erroneous judgment is increased, and the detection omission and the erroneous detection are caused, thereby causing potential safety hazards.
TMCP (Thermo Mechanical Control Process) is a technical general name for performing air Cooling or controlled Cooling and Accelerated Cooling (Acceltered Cooling) on the basis of controlled Rolling (Control Rolling) for controlling heating temperature, Rolling temperature and Rolling reduction in the hot Rolling Process. Since the TMCP process produces high-strength and high-toughness steel without adding excessive alloy elements and complicated subsequent heat treatment, the TMCP process is considered as a process which saves alloy and energy and is beneficial to environmental protection, and has become an indispensable technology for producing low-alloy high-strength wide and thick plates since the development in the 80 th century. With the increasing market requirements for TMCP steel, the TMCP process itself is also continuously developing in application. From research work in recent years, emphasis has been placed on controlling cooling, particularly accelerating cooling. By accelerating the cooling rate after rolling, not only the growth of crystal grains can be suppressed, but also an ultrafine ferrite structure or a bainite structure, even a martensite structure, required for high strength and high toughness can be obtained. The on-line accelerated cooling currently being developed is to cool the steel plate to normal temperature directly after rolling, so that the reheating process can be avoided.
The steel achieves high strength and high toughness through TMCP treatment, and is basically realized through phase change structure control and phase change structure refinement which are combined by controlled rolling refinement of austenite grains, pilot processing strain and subsequent controlled cooling. It can not only improve the strength and toughness, but also reduce the addition of alloy elements, thus having the advantages of improving the welding performance and the like. In recent years, in the fields of shipbuilding, construction, and the like, a comprehensive structure control technology (JFE EWEL) has been established which can ensure good mechanical properties of a weld heat affected zone even when high-efficiency high-heat-input welding is employed. This technique is widely used as a technique for controlling the microstructure of a user after field welding construction and ensuring excellent mechanical properties.
In conclusion, the metallographic structure and the density of the base material are changed in the base material crystallization process in the TMCP process. On the basis of a conventional ultrasonic flaw detection method, the on-site ultrasonic flaw detection is combined with the change of the density of a metallographic structure and a base material to cause the sound velocity of ultrasonic waves in the base material to be uneven, and a novel ultrasonic sound velocity measurement method is adopted.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides an ultrasonic single-probe measuring method in a non-uniform material, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, determining the front edge of a probe and the zero offset of the probe on a common standard test block;
step two, processing a hot-rolled temperature-controlled high-strength steel TMCP test block, and respectively calculating refraction angles at different depths on the basis of determining zero offset of a system probe;
thirdly, determining a reasonable material ultrasonic detection depth partition according to the calculated refraction angle, and obtaining an optimized refraction angle value of a depth area;
on the basis of determining the optimized refraction angle value and the zero offset of the system probe, adjusting the sound velocity value to enable the error of the upper and lower depth display values in the depth interval to be smaller than 1 mm; and the adjusted sound velocity is used as the sound velocity for ultrasonic detection in the depth section.
Further, in the first step, the determining the leading edge of the probe and the zero offset of the probe comprises the following steps:
s1: connecting an ultrasonic detection instrument and a single probe, and setting the ultrasonic detection instrument to be in a single-receiving and single-sending state;
s2: placing the probe on the arc center point of the CSK-1A ultrasonic test block, moving the probe left and right to enable the front of the sound beam to be swept to the R50/100 arc surface, and determining the sound velocity of the probe in the homogeneous material and the zero offset and the front edge of the probe through the automatic sound velocity correction function of the R50/100 arc surfaces;
s3: and repeating the sound velocity calibration in the common uniform steel, recording the zero offset and the front edge of the probe for many times, taking the recorded average values of the zero offset and the front edge of the probe, and setting the ultrasonic detection instrument as the average zero offset.
Further, in the second step, the optimized refraction angle value can be calculated as follows:
p1: cutting the materials of the same batch into an L shape, so that the rolling direction R is the same as the extending direction of one side of the L shape; the non-rolling direction T is the same as the extending direction of the other edge of the L shape;
p2: drilling a plurality of side through holes at set intervals in different depth directions of the steel bars in the T direction and the R direction respectively; the set interval is specifically selected by the amplitude of the material sound velocity deviation;
p3: placing the probe on a steel bar in the T direction, and respectively scanning side drill holes with known depths; finding the highest reflection amplitude and recording the distance L;
p4: calculating the refraction angle beta of the oblique incidence probe at a certain depth, wherein the calculation formula is beta-arctan ((L0+ L)/T); wherein T: the depth of the side hole; l0:
further, in step three, the area of the probe front is detected at a reasonable depth; l: horizontal distance. The values of the upper and lower angles in between are averaged to obtain the optimized refraction angle value of the depth region.
Preferably, the diameter of the lateral through-hole is 3-5 mm. The interval was set to 10 mm.
Compared with the prior art, the ultrasonic single-probe measuring method in the heterogeneous material has the following technical effects: the method can improve the ultrasonic detection reliability of the material and the connecting welding line thereof by correctly measuring the sound velocity for ultrasonic detection or controlling the deviation of the sound velocity within a certain range, has important significance for the installation of ultra-large steel structures, and is suitable for the application occasions of hot-rolled temperature-controlled high-strength steel and welding line ultrasonic nondestructive detection in the industrial fields of ships, traffic, buildings, national defense and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1: the ultrasonic testing process schematic diagram of the CSK-1A ultrasonic test block;
FIG. 2: a top view of the CSK-1A ultrasonic test block;
FIG. 3: a top view of the non-uniform material coupon;
FIG. 4: A-A section of the T direction detection process of the inhomogeneous material test block;
FIG. 5: a cross-sectional view of the R-direction detection process B-B of the non-uniform material test block.
Detailed Description
The conception, the specific structure and the technical effects of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings to fully understand the objects, the features and the effects of the present invention.
The invention discloses a method for measuring an ultrasonic single probe in a non-uniform material, which mainly adopts the following principle:
aiming at the actual situation that the acoustic performance of ultrasonic waves in a hot rolling temperature control steel (TMCP) material is not uniform, the average sound velocity of each layered area is determined by analyzing the acoustic performance difference in different rolling directions and the depth direction of the material, combining the reflection type acoustic reflection characteristics of an oblique incidence single probe and utilizing the determination of the deviation control range of the refraction angle, and a reliable sound velocity determination method for ultrasonic detection is formed through the accumulation of actual field flaw detection experiences.
The invention provides an ultrasonic single-probe determination method for heterogeneous materials, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, determining the front edge of a probe and the zero offset of the probe on a common standard test block;
step two, processing a hot-rolled temperature-controlled high-strength steel TMCP test block, and respectively calculating refraction angles at different depths on the basis of determining zero offset of a system probe;
thirdly, determining a reasonable material ultrasonic detection depth partition according to the calculated refraction angle, and obtaining an optimized refraction angle value of a depth area;
on the basis of determining the optimized refraction angle value and the zero offset of the system probe, adjusting the sound velocity value to enable the error of the upper and lower depth display values in the depth interval to be smaller than 1 mm; and the adjusted sound velocity is used as the sound velocity for ultrasonic detection in the depth section.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, in the step one, determining the leading edge of the probe 1 and the zero offset of the probe 1 includes the following steps:
s1: connecting an ultrasonic detection instrument and a single probe 1, and setting the ultrasonic detection instrument to be in a single receiving and sending state;
s2: placing a probe 1 on the arc central point of a CSK-1A ultrasonic test block 3, moving the probe 1 left and right to enable the front of a sound beam to scan to an R50/100 arc surface, and determining the sound velocity of the probe 1 in the homogeneous material and the zero offset and the front edge of the probe 1 through the automatic sound velocity correction function of the R50/100 arc surfaces;
s3: and repeating the sound velocity calibration in the common uniform steel, recording the zero offset and the front edge of the probe 1 for many times, taking the recorded average values of the zero offset and the front edge of the probe 1, and setting the ultrasonic detection instrument as the average zero offset.
The following table 1 shows the probe leading edge and average zero offset log:
TABLE 1
From table 1, the average probe front value of probe 01 on a common standard block is: (12.1+12.1+ 11.8)/3-12.0, average offset of probe: (7.85+7.34+7.49)/3 ═ 7.56; in the same way, the average leading edge value of the probe 02 is 16, and the average zero offset value is 10.86; the average leading edge value of the probe 03 is 17.1, and the average zero offset value is 12.48;
in step two, the optimized refraction angle value can be calculated as follows:
p1: cutting the same batch of materials into an L shape, and referring to the attached figure 3, so that the rolling direction R is the same as the extending direction of one side of the L shape; the non-rolling direction T is the same as the extending direction of the other edge of the L shape;
p2: drilling a plurality of side through holes in different depth directions of the steel bars 2 in the T direction and the R direction at set intervals respectively; the set interval is specifically selected by the amplitude of the material sound velocity deviation;
p3: placing a probe 1 on a steel bar 2 in the T direction, and respectively scanning side drill holes with known depths; finding the highest reflection amplitude and recording the distance L, see FIGS. 3 and 4;
p4: the refraction angle β of the oblique incidence probe at a certain depth is calculated as β ═ arctan ((L0+ L)/T) (as shown in table 2, serial No. 02:β ═ arctan ((L0+ L)/T) ═ arctan ((12+2.5)/15) ═ 44.1 °), where T: the depth of the side hole; l0: the front edge of the probe; l: horizontal distance.
As shown in table 2 below:
TABLE 2
Furthermore, in the third step, the optimized refraction angle value of the depth region is obtained by averaging the upper and lower angle values in the reasonable depth detection interval.
In this embodiment, the diameter of the side through hole is 4 mm. The interval was set to 20 mm.
And (5) analyzing specifically according to the calculated refraction angle.
The layered area refraction angle data selection and optimized refraction angle determination principle is as follows:
the first method,
a) The refraction angle of general hot-rolled temperature-controlled high-strength steel shows regular change (for example, the actually measured refraction angle of a K1 probe in the table 2 is 44.1, 43.2, 41.7 and 39.6 in different depths in the T direction in sequence), if abnormal data occurs, different steel plates in the same batch need to be processed again, and the reliability of the data is determined; or drilling in the same direction and at different positions with different depths to determine the refraction angle data.
b) According to the technical scheme, the method is characterized in that the deviation of refraction angles of different depths in the same direction of the same probe is not more than a certain value (according to the detection precision requirement, the general recommended value is 2 degrees) as a boundary value or the sound velocity deviation is not more than a certain value (recommended to be 40mm/s), and the hot-rolled temperature-control high-strength steel is divided into a plurality of reasonable ultrasonic detection layered intervals according to different depths.
c) The refraction angle in a reasonable ultrasonic detection interval is determined, and the intermediate value of the upper refraction angle value and the lower refraction angle value at the boundary of the interval is used as the optimized refraction angle value of the depth region (for example, the depth is between 15mm and 35mm, and the optimized refraction angle is (44.1+43.2)/2 is (43.65)).
d) Setting an available optimized refraction angle value, and determining the sound velocity value of the material in a certain area for ultrasonic detection.
Setting the parameters such as the available optimized refraction angle value and zero offset obtained by analysis on the instrument, scanning a single set ultrasonic detection depth layering interval by an ultrasonic probe as shown in figures 3 and 4, and adjusting the sound velocity value to enable the error of the upper and lower depth display values in the depth interval to be less than 1 mm.
The sound velocity value at this time can be used as a sound velocity value for ultrasonic detection in which the specific refraction angle is within this material layer interval.
The second method,
a) The refraction angle of general hot-rolled temperature-control high-strength steel shows regular change, if abnormal data occurs, different steel plates in the same batch need to be processed again, and the reliability of the data is determined; or drilling in the same direction and at different positions with different depths to determine the refraction angle data.
b) And (3) taking the adjusted sound velocity value and the actual refraction angle value obtained in the table 2 as a normalization curve to obtain a continuous smooth curve, and dividing the material into one or more reasonable layering areas in different thickness directions on the basis that the sound velocity change value is not more than a certain percentage (a proper value is selected according to the ultrasonic detection precision requirement, and 5% is generally recommended).
c) On the basis of a reasonable layering area, selecting a median value of sound velocity values of the area as an average sound velocity value of the layering area, and selecting an actual refraction angle corresponding to the median value as a refraction angle of the reasonable layering area.
The sound velocity value at this time can be used as a sound velocity value for ultrasonic detection in this material layer section corresponding to the specific refraction angle.
The advantages and the values of the invention are mainly reflected in the following aspects:
1. the sound velocity value measurement error is small
By means of the layered measurement method, the sound velocity measured by the method for measuring the sound velocity by referring to the standard test block and the method for directly measuring the workpiece is compared, and errors are obviously reduced.
In the sound velocity measurement method, in the 45-degree refraction angle measurement process, the measurement accuracy of the layered measurement method and the conventional determination method is improved, but the measurement error advantage is not obvious; during the measurement process of the refraction angle large angle 70 degrees, the measurement error is obviously smaller than that of the conventional two methods.
2. Capable of measuring sound velocity difference of different depth layers
The conventional method generally takes the thickness of the whole workpiece as a consideration object, and only measures the average sound velocity value of the whole section; the layered measurement method can measure sound velocity values of different regions, and can provide improved basis for rolling in the manufacturing stage by measuring the layered sound velocity difference inside the material.
Compared with the prior art, the ultrasonic single-probe measuring method in the heterogeneous material has the following technical effects: the method can improve the ultrasonic detection reliability of the material and the connecting welding line thereof by correctly measuring the sound velocity for ultrasonic detection or controlling the deviation of the sound velocity within a certain range, has important significance for the installation of ultra-large steel structures, and is suitable for the application occasions of hot-rolled temperature-controlled high-strength steel and welding line ultrasonic nondestructive detection in the industrial fields of ships, traffic, buildings, national defense and the like.
The foregoing is a more detailed description of the invention in connection with specific preferred embodiments and it is not intended that the invention be limited to these specific details. For those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and all shall be considered as belonging to the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (2)
1. An ultrasonic single-probe measuring method in a heterogeneous material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, determining the front edge of a probe and the zero offset of the probe on a common standard test block;
step two, processing a hot-rolled temperature-controlled high-strength steel test block, and respectively calculating refraction angles at different depths on the basis of determining zero offset of a system probe;
thirdly, determining a reasonable material ultrasonic detection depth partition according to the calculated refraction angle, and obtaining an optimized refraction angle value of a depth area;
on the basis of determining the optimized refraction angle value and the zero offset of the system probe, adjusting the sound velocity value to enable the error of the depth display value in the depth interval to be smaller than 1 mm; the adjusted sound velocity is used as the sound velocity for ultrasonic detection in the depth interval;
in the second step, the available optimized refraction angle value is calculated as follows:
p1: cutting the hot-rolled temperature-controlled high-strength steel of the same batch into an L shape, so that the rolling direction R is the same as the extension direction of one side of the L shape; the non-rolling direction T is the same as the extending direction of the other edge of the L shape;
p2: drilling a plurality of side through holes at set intervals in different depth directions of the steel bars in the T direction and the R direction respectively, wherein the diameter of each side through hole is 3-5mm according to different depths; the set interval is specifically selected to be 10mm according to the amplitude of the sound velocity deviation of the material;
p3: placing the probe on a steel bar in the T direction, and respectively scanning side through holes with known depths; finding the highest reflection amplitude, and recording the horizontal distance L;
p4: calculating the refraction angle beta of the oblique incidence probe at a certain depth, wherein the calculation formula is beta = arctan ((L0+ L)/T); wherein T: depth of side through holes; l0: the front edge of the probe; l: a horizontal distance;
in the third step, obtaining the optimized refraction angle value of the depth area by using the average value of the angle values of the upper refraction angle and the lower refraction angle in the reasonable depth detection interval; specifically, the method comprises the following steps: a) drilling in different positions of the hot-rolled temperature-controlled high-strength steel in the same direction and different depths to determine refraction angle data, wherein the refraction angle is in regular change, if abnormal data occurs, different steel plates in the same batch need to be processed again, and the reliability of the data is determined;
b) dividing the hot-rolled temperature-control high-strength steel into a plurality of reasonable ultrasonic detection layered intervals according to different depths, wherein the deviation of refraction angles of different depths of the same probe in the same direction is not more than 2 degrees and is taken as a boundary value or the deviation of the adjusted sound velocity is not more than a certain value 40 mm/s;
c) determining a refraction angle in a reasonable ultrasonic detection interval, and taking the middle value of upper and lower refraction angle values of the interval boundary as an optimized refraction angle value of the depth region;
d) setting an available optimized refraction angle value, and determining the sound velocity value of the material in a certain area for ultrasonic detection.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step one, determining the probe leading edge and the probe zero offset comprises the steps of:
s1: connecting an ultrasonic detection instrument and a single probe, and setting the ultrasonic detection instrument to be in a single receiving and transmitting mode;
s2: placing the probe on the arc center point of the CSK-1A ultrasonic test block, moving the probe left and right to enable the front of the sound beam to be swept to the R50/100 arc surface, and determining the sound velocity of the probe in the CSK-1A ultrasonic test block, the zero offset of the probe and the front edge of the probe through the automatic sound velocity correction function of the two R50/100 arc surfaces;
s3: and repeating the sound velocity calibration in the CSK-1A ultrasonic test block, recording the zero offset of the probe and the front edge of the probe for many times, taking the recorded average value of the zero offset of the probe and the front edge of the probe, and setting the ultrasonic detection instrument as the average probe zero offset.
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| CN110007003B (en) * | 2019-04-10 | 2022-11-11 | 上海船舶工艺研究所(中国船舶集团有限公司第十一研究所) | Partitioning method for ultrasonic detection of sound velocity non-uniform metal thick plate welding line phased array |
| CN114487131A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-05-13 | 东方电气集团东方锅炉股份有限公司 | Ultrasonic detection method for internal cracks of three-way shoulder |
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