CN107271279A - A kind of metal material true stress-true stain method of testing - Google Patents
A kind of metal material true stress-true stain method of testing Download PDFInfo
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- CN107271279A CN107271279A CN201710459226.1A CN201710459226A CN107271279A CN 107271279 A CN107271279 A CN 107271279A CN 201710459226 A CN201710459226 A CN 201710459226A CN 107271279 A CN107271279 A CN 107271279A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0017—Tensile
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/006—Crack, flaws, fracture or rupture
- G01N2203/0067—Fracture or rupture
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
- G01N2203/0075—Strain-stress relations or elastic constants
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of metal material true stress-true stain method of testing, it is specifically included：(1) uniaxial tension sample is made；(2) mark point is made；(3) steel ruler is machined to small length, and be fixed on steel ruler upper end above sample without scale part using AB glue；(4) at the time of setting starts stretching；(5) tensile test specimen is stretched by MTS until data are now preserved by sample fracture；(6) ranging processing is carried out to the picture that shooting is obtained；(7) strain for calculating corresponding two gauge lengths point is Green's Lagrange strain between 2 gauge length points；(8) after calculating obtains true strain, cross-sectional area now is calculated；(9) calculate and obtain trus stress value；(10) the true strain value and trus stress value of each moment point are obtained, true stress-true stain curve map is drawn.The present invention, which possesses the equipment that daily MTS is operated and in the market can be commercially available easily, can complete the whole true stress-true stain curve test of metal material.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to metal material stress survey technology field, and in particular to a kind of metal material true stress-true stain is surveyed
Method for testing.
Background technology
For structural material, such as pipeline, storage tank, by geological disasters such as wind load, earthquake, landslide, mud-rock flows
In the case of occur large deformation or rupture failure, it is necessary to carry out three-dimensional modeling, feelings to destructive process by numerical finite elements method
Scape is reduced and Source Tracing, now to obtain accurately and effectively result, metal material (such as pipe line steel, tank skin steel) it is complete
The true stress-true strain of journey is the most basic and important input data.
There are a variety of methods for the test and calculating of true stress-true strain, be broadly divided into using special strain gauge, be based on
DIC method and the method for inversion by Finite Element (FEM).Li Xiaohong et al. determines pole sample using two groups of tens(i)ometers
Axially and radially displacement, tests the true stress-true strain curve of a variety of grade of steel tubing such as API X46, X60, X65 and X80.This
What method acquisition trus stress and true strain were used is Wang Changli patent of invention " true stress-true strain computation model and test
Principle in system ", this principle is to assume that the straight pole sample true stress-true strain of grade given is calculated based on constancy of volume shape
Formula, as shown in formula (1) and formula (2)：
Wherein F is the axial force born of pole sample, d0For pole sample initial diameter length, d is that pole sample is real
When diameter length.Z.L.Zhang is proposed on the basis of pole sample testing material true stress-true strain and is used square-section
The method of sample testing material true stress-true strain, follows the trail of constriction maximum region thickness change, according to public affairs using specific extensometer
Formula (3) reference area changes, and then obtains logarithmic strain and true stress.Formula (3) gives rectangular section sample in stretching
Under load condition, sectional shrinkage and the relation of thickness decrement.Therefore using rectangular section sample test material trus stress-
During true strain, it is only necessary to test record load, three parameters of displacement and thickness.
With the development and the raising of camera lens resolution ratio of computer technology, based on DIC (Digital Image
Correlation) method of technical testing material true stress-true strain is widely applied.It is currently based on DIC technical testing materials
Material true stress-true strain mainly has three kinds of methods, respectively VSE (video-based surface extensometry) sides
Method, VRE (video-based radial extensometry) methods and part DIC methods.VSE methods are i.e. in pole sample
Two points axially are respectively arranged with horizontal direction, DIC can record the distance between 2 points in drawing process, then basis
The Computing Principle of extensometer obtains logarithmic strain, obtains true stress according to volume constancy principle, such a method is equivalent to void
The extensometer of plan, can obtain simultaneously multiple virtual extensometers result of calculation and can be long with the virtual extensometer of unrestricted choice
Degree, but still assumed by the calculating of virtual extensometer effect length and true stress dependent on volume constancy principle.VRE methods
Principle is to test pole radius of specimen variable quantity using DIC, cross-sectional area stroke is measured through contracting according to radius, so as to obtain
True stress, axial tension strain can be obtained according to constancy of volume shape principle according to cross-sectional area stroke.Local DIC methods
I.e. according to calculating true stress based on the certain point logarithmic strain of output.Local DIC methods are obtained according in DIC measuring technologies
The displacement field of the tensile test specimen overall situation taken, mathematical description, Jin Ergen are carried out by polynomial equation to the displacement field that test is obtained
Sample global true strain is obtained according to first derivative, according to true strain and the relation of real cross-section, calculating obtains trus stress
Value.
More than in addition to two major class methods, there is the inversion method by FEM, that is, the trus stress-very for continuously attempting to input should
Varied curve, until the load-displacement curves that simulation is obtained are consistent with test result.The method is a kind of indirect method, is calculated
Journey more redundancy is complicated, takes a substantial amount of time.Using in special strain gauge method, the making of special strain gauge needs more long
Cycle, the measurement accuracy for how ensuring special strain gauge is also a problem.In addition the method may only be applied to pole type
The test of the true stress-true strain curve of sample.And in the method for testing based on DIC technologies, it is necessary first to sample is dissipated
The spraying of spot makes, next to that a set of DIC equipment is needed, and the price of DIC equipment is general at 1,000,000 yuans or so, compared with
For costliness.
Traditional strain gauge method can not test the authentic material performance obtained after metal material constriction, and the amount of being limited by
The reason for journey, for the preferable metal material of toughness, in the Uniform Tension second half section, cause strain gauge to slide, and then cause
Test result is inaccurate.For DIC equipment, its test result is more accurate, but its equipment is expensive, early stage sample speckle make compared with
To be cumbersome and waste time and energy.
The content of the invention
In view of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention proposes and a kind of possess daily MTS operations and in the market and can buy easily
To equipment can complete the metal material true stress-true stain test side of the whole true stress-true strain curve test of metal material
Method.
Technical scheme is as follows：
Above-mentioned metal material true stress-true stain method of testing, specifically includes following steps：
(1) uniaxial tension sample is made；
(2) mark point is made
I.e. in the Uniform Tension section of sample, using syringe needle marking pen, by slide measure and steel ruler in rectangular section sample
Mark is marked；
(3) steel ruler is machined to small length, and be fixed on steel ruler upper end above sample without scale part using AB glue；
(4) loading velocity and interval storage time are set on MTS, and sample is taken pictures when being aligned using digital camera,
Take pictures the time of preliminary examination, at the time of being set as starting stretching；
(5) tensile test specimen is stretched by MTS until data are now preserved by sample fracture；
(6) ranging processing is carried out to the picture that shooting is obtained
It is gauge length to choose steel ruler graduation range in picture, in sample drawing process, and steel ruler is not with sample elongation
Elongation, is L according to the actual range of steel ruler gauge length in the picture measured0；Simultaneously to 2 points above and below constriction position in figure away from
From being measured, according to the principle being in equal proportions, you can obtain 2 points above and below constriction position of actual elongated distance；
(7) the actual elongated distance obtained according to step (6), the strain for calculating corresponding two gauge lengths point be 2 gauge length points it
Between Green-Lagrange strain；
(8) after calculating obtains true strain, cross-sectional area now is calculated；
(9) the corresponding load data of every pictures is obtained according to step (4) and step (5) record, calculating obtains trus stress
Value；
(10) the true strain value and trus stress value of each moment point are obtained, true stress-true strain curve map is drawn.
The metal material true stress-true stain method of testing, wherein：The step (1) is to refer to international standard ISO
6892-1-2009 and national standard GB/T 228-2002 makes uniaxial tension sample.
The metal material true stress-true stain method of testing, wherein：It is to use a diameter of 0.2mm in the step (2)
Syringe needle as syringe needle marking pen, the distance between mark point is 2mm.
The metal material true stress-true stain method of testing, wherein：The step (4) sets loading velocity on MTS
A data are stored for 2mm/min, interval 0.5s, the data first row time interval of final MTS storages is 0.5s.
The metal material true stress-true stain method of testing, wherein：The step (6) is to choose steel ruler distance in picture
5mm is that the actual range of steel ruler 5mm gauge lengths in gauge length, picture is L0, it is assumed that distance of the 5mm gauge lengths in figure is tested according to CAD
For LC0, between 2 points according to CAD measuring distances it is L above and below constriction positionCS, then above and below sample constriction position 2 points actually stretch
Over long distances
The metal material true stress-true stain method of testing, wherein：Green-Lagrange in the step (7) should
Change is to be converted to logarithmic strain according to equation below, and its calculation formula is：
Wherein, εyyFor logarithmic strain,For unidirectional Green-Lagrange strain.
The metal material true stress-true stain method of testing, wherein：Step (8) calculating is obtained after true strain,
It is according to formulaCalculate cross-sectional area now.
The metal material true stress-true stain method of testing, wherein：The step (9) is according to formula
Calculating obtains trus stress value.
Beneficial effect：
Metal material true stress-true stain method of testing of the present invention, which possesses daily MTS operations and in the market, to be purchased easily
Available equipment can complete the whole true stress-true strain curve of metal material and test, and the whole trus stress of acquisition metal material-
True strain curve (includes the true stress-true stain curve after constriction), while can be reached based on the test that the present invention is carried out
The measuring accuracy of DIC equipment.Traditional strain gauge method of testing has range limitation, and measured value is being averaged in strain gauge gauge length
Value, and the local train value after sample constriction can not be obtained；And when sample ductility is preferable, in the range of Uniform Tension
Also can occur strain gauge to slip and make it that test result is inaccurate.It is measurable and the inventive method uses the gauge length point at 2mm intervals
The strain value (such as necked-in region) of more fine regional area, and will not be because sample material ductility is good and occurs test knot
Really inaccurate phenomenon.DIC equipment can test accurate local train and the whole true stress-true strain curve of metal material,
But DIC equipment is expensive, and DIC equipment operation learning times are long, and sample speckle Making programme is cumbersome, and the present invention can complete gold
Belong to the whole true stress-true strain curve test of material, and sample marking distance point is prepared simply, convenient test, flow is easy to operate, as a result
Reliably.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the specimen size schematic diagram of metal material true stress-true stain method of testing of the present invention；
Fig. 2 illustrates for the specimen size in F-F directions in Fig. 1 of metal material true stress-true stain method of testing of the present invention
Figure；
Fig. 3 layouts schematic diagram for the sample of metal material true stress-true stain method of testing of the present invention.
Embodiment
Metal material true stress-true stain method of testing of the present invention, specifically includes following steps：
(1) international standard ISO 6892-1-2009 and national standard GB/T 228-2002 are referred to, uniaxial tension sample, examination is made
Sample ruler cun is as shown in Figure 1, 2 (the method is similarly applied to pole sample).
(2) mark point is made
I.e. in the Uniform Tension section (flat segments) of sample, needle diameter is used for 0.2mm syringe needle marking pen, by vernier
Slide calliper rule and steel ruler are in a mark that is marked for rectangular section sample, and the distance between mark point is 2mm (schematic diagram such as Fig. 3 institutes
Show).
(3) steel ruler being commercially available is machined to small length, and be fixed on steel ruler upper end without scale part using AB glue
Above sample.
(4) it is 2mm/min that loading velocity is set on MTS, and stores a data for 0.5s time intervals, so most
Data first row (time row) time interval of whole MTS storages is 0.5s, is aligned by using the digital camera with tripod
When sample taken pictures, take pictures the time of preliminary examination, at the time of being set as starting stretching；Now need two famous persons to be coordinated, that is, control
When the people that MTS processed starts stretching carries out " start " operation, while starting taking pictures for camera.
(5) tensile test specimen is stretched by MTS until data are now preserved by sample fracture.
(6) by CAD software or other can ranging software ranging processing is carried out to the obtained picture of shooting
It is that 5mm is gauge length to choose steel ruler distance in picture, in sample drawing process, and steel ruler is not with sample elongation
The actual range of steel ruler 5mm gauge lengths is L in elongation, the picture measured according to software0；Simultaneously to 2 points above and below constriction position in figure
In distance be measured, according to the principle being in equal proportions, you can obtain 2 points above and below constriction position of actual elongated distance；
(assuming that it is L to test distance of the 5mm gauge lengths in figure according to CADC0, it is according to CAD measuring distances between 2 points above and below constriction position
LCS, then 2 points of actual elongated distance above and below sample constriction position)；
(7) the actual elongated distance obtained according to step (6), can both calculate answering for corresponding two gauge lengths point according to formula
Become, this strain is still Green-Lagrange strain between 2 gauge length points, this strain needs to be converted to pair according to equation below
Number is strained, and its calculation formula is：
Wherein, εyyFor logarithmic strain,For unidirectional Green-Lagrange strain.
(8) calculate after obtaining true strain, according to formulaCalculate cross-sectional area now.
(9) according to step (4) and step (5), it can record and obtain the corresponding load data of every pictures, according to formulaIt can calculate and obtain trus stress value.
(10) the true strain value and trus stress value of each moment point are obtained, true stress-true strain curve map is drawn.
The present invention, which possesses the equipment that daily MTS is operated and in the market can be commercially available easily, can complete metal material
Whole true stress-true strain curve test.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of metal material true stress-true stain method of testing, it is characterised in that specifically include following steps：
(1) uniaxial tension sample is made；
(2) mark point is made
I.e. in the Uniform Tension section of sample, using syringe needle marking pen, the entering in rectangular section sample by slide measure and steel ruler
Line flag point is marked；
(3) steel ruler is machined to small length, and be fixed on steel ruler upper end above sample without scale part using AB glue；
(4) loading velocity and interval storage time are set on MTS, and sample is taken pictures when being aligned using digital camera, is taken pictures
Time of preliminary examination, at the time of being set as starting stretching；
(5) tensile test specimen is stretched by MTS until data are now preserved by sample fracture；
(6) ranging processing is carried out to the picture that shooting is obtained
It is gauge length to choose steel ruler graduation range in picture, and in sample drawing process, steel ruler does not extend and extended with sample,
It is L according to the actual range of steel ruler gauge length in the picture measured0；2 points above and below the constriction position distances in figure are carried out simultaneously
Determine, according to the principle being in equal proportions, you can obtain 2 points above and below constriction position of actual elongated distance；
(7) between the actual elongated distance obtained according to step (6), the strain i.e. 2 gauge length points for calculating corresponding two gauge lengths point
Green-Lagrange strain；
(8) after calculating obtains true strain, cross-sectional area now is calculated；
(9) the corresponding load data of every pictures is obtained according to step (4) and step (5) record, calculating obtains trus stress value；
(10) the true strain value and trus stress value of each moment point are obtained, true stress-true strain curve map is drawn.
2. metal material true stress-true stain method of testing as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step (1) is
Uniaxial tension sample is made with reference to international standard ISO 6892-1-2009 and national standard GB/T 228-2002.
3. metal material true stress-true stain method of testing as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：In the step (2)
Be the syringe needle using a diameter of 0.2mm as syringe needle marking pen, the distance between mark point is 2mm.
4. metal material true stress-true stain method of testing as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step (4) exists
It is 2mm/min that loading velocity is set on MTS, and interval 0.5s stores a data, between the data first row time of final MTS storages
Every as 0.5s.
5. metal material true stress-true stain method of testing as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step (6) is
It is L apart from the actual range that 5mm is steel ruler 5mm gauge lengths in gauge length, picture to choose steel ruler in picture0, it is assumed that tested according to CAD
Distance of the 5mm gauge lengths in figure is LC0, between 2 points according to CAD measuring distances it is L above and below constriction positionCS, then sample constriction position
2 points of actual elongated distance above and below putting
6. metal material true stress-true stain method of testing as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：In the step (7)
Green-Lagrange strain be that logarithmic strain is converted to according to equation below, its calculation formula is：
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</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
<mi>ln</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mover>
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<mi>E</mi>
<mrow>
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<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
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</mrow>
Wherein, εyyFor logarithmic strain,For unidirectional Green-Lagrange strain.
7. metal material true stress-true stain method of testing as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step (8) meter
Calculation is obtained after true strain, is according to formulaCalculate cross-sectional area now.
8. metal material true stress-true stain method of testing as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step (9) is
According to formulaCalculating obtains trus stress value.
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Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108458929A (en) * | 2018-03-22 | 2018-08-28 | 安徽工业大学 | A method of measuring material true stress |
| CN108489820A (en) * | 2018-02-13 | 2018-09-04 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | A kind of acquisition methods of high temperature tension test trus stress |
| CN108507877A (en) * | 2018-04-09 | 2018-09-07 | 宝鸡文理学院 | A kind of test method of metal material mechanics performance |
| CN108982223A (en) * | 2018-09-19 | 2018-12-11 | 吉林大学 | The measurement method of the big range of strain ess-strain of round metal bars sample uniaxial tensile test |
| CN109187120A (en) * | 2018-07-24 | 2019-01-11 | 南京钢铁股份有限公司 | A kind of clad steel plate substrate tensile sample |
| CN109883824A (en) * | 2019-01-21 | 2019-06-14 | 吉林大学 | The circular arc that round metal bars sample is uniaxially stretched ess-strain counter pushes away measurement method |
| CN109883823A (en) * | 2019-01-21 | 2019-06-14 | 吉林大学 | The hyperbola that round metal bars sample is uniaxially stretched ess-strain counter pushes away measurement method |
| CN110411836A (en) * | 2019-08-28 | 2019-11-05 | 武汉上善仿真科技有限责任公司 | A kind of test and calculation method measuring metal material plastic strain ratio |
| CN110501224A (en) * | 2019-08-28 | 2019-11-26 | 肖锋 | A kind of test and calculation method measuring material true stress―strain curve |
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Cited By (24)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108489820A (en) * | 2018-02-13 | 2018-09-04 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | A kind of acquisition methods of high temperature tension test trus stress |
| CN108489820B (en) * | 2018-02-13 | 2019-06-28 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | A kind of acquisition methods of high temperature tension test trus stress |
| CN108458929B (en) * | 2018-03-22 | 2020-05-12 | 安徽工业大学 | Method for measuring true stress of material |
| CN108458929A (en) * | 2018-03-22 | 2018-08-28 | 安徽工业大学 | A method of measuring material true stress |
| CN108507877A (en) * | 2018-04-09 | 2018-09-07 | 宝鸡文理学院 | A kind of test method of metal material mechanics performance |
| CN109187120A (en) * | 2018-07-24 | 2019-01-11 | 南京钢铁股份有限公司 | A kind of clad steel plate substrate tensile sample |
| CN108982223A (en) * | 2018-09-19 | 2018-12-11 | 吉林大学 | The measurement method of the big range of strain ess-strain of round metal bars sample uniaxial tensile test |
| CN108982223B (en) * | 2018-09-19 | 2020-10-16 | 吉林大学 | Method for measuring large-strain-range stress strain of metal round bar sample in uniaxial tensile test |
| CN109883823A (en) * | 2019-01-21 | 2019-06-14 | 吉林大学 | The hyperbola that round metal bars sample is uniaxially stretched ess-strain counter pushes away measurement method |
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