CN107268882A - 吸热储能预制混凝土外墙板及太阳能采暖空调幕墙 - Google Patents
吸热储能预制混凝土外墙板及太阳能采暖空调幕墙 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种吸热储能预制混凝土外墙板及太阳能采暖空调幕墙,它由吸热储能预制混凝土外墙板本体1、保温框架2、遮阳卷帘3、采光玻璃面板4及通风空调系统5组成;该外墙板本体1由内层承重结构墙或内层墙板、保温层、外层蓄热保温墙及吸热金属饰面板构成,冬季时当吸热金属饰面板辐射得热温度升至27℃以上时,相变蓄能轻质钢筋混凝土121吸热并储存在墙内,直接传导给内层承重结构墙至室内,并通过通风空调系统5向室内传热供暖;当温度低于18℃时,相变蓄能轻质钢筋混凝土向墙体内外放热,并通过通风空调系统向室内持续传热供暖,形成天然采暖墙;夏季时,则利用遮阳卷帘避免阳光直射,达到大幅降低室内空调能耗、低碳节能的目的。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种吸热储能预制混凝土外墙板及太阳能采暖空调幕墙,特别涉及将太阳能集热采暖保温幕墙与通风空调及空气净化过滤结合为一体的吸热储能预制混凝土外墙板及太阳能采暖空调幕墙的安装方法。
背景技术
目前,已有的太阳能采暖吸热蓄能板及幕墙安装方法专利技术,是在结构墙体、钢结构及既有建筑外墙外侧的保温层,或预制夹心保温外墙板上安装一种太阳能采暖吸热蓄能板及幕墙,需先结构工程施工完成后,再进行太阳能采暖吸热蓄能板及幕墙安装,相对较麻烦。
发明内容
针对上述不足,本发明通过在申请号为201610518577.0的“太阳能采暖吸热蓄能板及幕墙”专利技术的基础上加以改进,提供一种构造简单、安装简便,设备系统、安装及运行维护成本均都较低的一次成型的吸热储能预制混凝土外墙板及太阳能采暖空调幕墙。本发明由吸热储能预制混凝土外墙板本体1、保温框架2、遮阳卷帘3、采光玻璃面板4及通风空调系统5组成;所述吸热储能预制混凝土外墙板本体1与采光玻璃面板4之间形成一层H间距为30~100mm的保温通风空腔层52;
所述遮阳卷帘3安装在保温通风空腔层52内;所述采光玻璃面板4安装在保温框架2上。
为了达成上述目的,本发明技术方案是:
所述吸热储能预制混凝土外墙板本体1,是由内层承重结构墙11、外层蓄热保温墙12及吸热金属饰面板13构成。
所述吸热储能预制混凝土外墙板本体1,是由内层承重结构墙11、保温层14、外层蓄热保温墙12及吸热金属饰面板13构成。
所述吸热储能预制混凝土外墙板本体1,是由內层墙板11′、保温层14、外层蓄热保温墙12及吸热金属饰面板13构成的夹心保温外挂墙板。
所述外侧蓄热保温墙12,为60~130mm厚、抗压强度≥0.200Mpa、密度在200~800kg/m3范围、导热系数在0.06~0.1w/(m·K)之间的相变蓄能轻质钢筋混凝土121或轻质钢筋混凝土。
所述外层蓄热保温墙12,在安装保温框架2的位置处均设有支撑带12-1,并沿支撑带12-1长度方向每隔400~600mm间距设一个锚固预埋铁2B;根据通风空调需要,所述支撑带12-1上设有200~600mm长的豁口作为通风孔12-2。
所述吸热金属饰面板13,是采用平模反打工艺方法或立模成型技术与外层蓄热保温墙12的外表面一次成型复合为一体。
所述吸热金属饰面板13的断面为互为垂直成90度斜面的棱角形,所述吸热金属饰面板13的倾斜度θ设定为45°~75°;两直角形斜面之间的间距S为30~60mm,具体倾斜度θ和间距S需根据安装所在地的纬度而定,以充分吸收光热。
所述吸热金属饰面板13为平板13P。
所述吸热金属饰面板13的断面为半圆槽13A;所述半圆槽13A的直径为Φ20~Φ60mm;两个相邻半圆槽13A之间的间距S设定为30~70mm。
本发明的显著效能是:
利用相变蓄能轻质钢筋混凝土121的相变基本原理:即当环境温度低于18℃时,相变材料中的相变物质由液态凝结为固态,形成放热;当环境温度高于27℃时,相变物质由固态溶化为液态,转换成吸热,并利用吸热金属饰面板13优异的吸热性,冬季,当吸热储能预制混凝土外墙板本体1的吸热金属饰面板13在阳光辐射得热下温度升至27℃以上时,相变蓄能轻质钢筋混凝土121不断吸热并储存在墙体内的同时,也直接传导给内层承重结构墙11至室内,并通过通风空调系统5向室内传热供暖;当太阳阴下来墙体温度低于18℃时,相变蓄能轻质钢筋混凝土121向墙体内外放热,并通过通风空调系统5向室内持续传热供暖,形成天然的采暖墙;夏季时,将遮阳卷帘3放下,避免太阳光直接照射在吸热储能预制混凝土外墙板本体1上,并利用遮阳卷帘3反射隔热功效,以及相变蓄能轻质钢筋混凝土121和保温通风空腔层52良好的绝热保温性,使吸热储能预制混凝土外墙板本体1保持在较舒适的恒温范围内,并达到大幅降低室内空调能耗、低碳节能的目的。
本发明一次成型,集承重、防火防水、太阳能集热采暖、蓄能保温装饰为一体;构造简单、维护简便、性价比高,将使朝南、朝东和朝西的阳面房达到被动式节能房的低碳节能标准;本发明不仅适用于装配整体式混凝土结构工程,还可应用于钢结构预制装配式建筑的预制外挂墙上。
附图说明
图1为本发明所涉及的一种实施方式的局部外立面图;
图2为沿着图1的1-1线的断面图,是本发明所涉及的吸热储能预制混凝土外墙板本体1的一种实施方式的断面图;
图3为沿着图1的2-2线的断面图,是本发明所涉及的通风空调系统5及吸热储能预制混凝土外墙板本体1的一种实施方式的断面图;
图4为沿着图1的1-1线的断面图,是本发明所涉及的另一种吸热储能预制混凝土外墙板本体1的实施方式的断面图;
图5为沿着图1的1-1线的断面图,是本发明所涉及的另一种吸热储能预制混凝土外墙板本体1的实施方式的断面图;
图6为沿着图1的3-3线的断面图,是本发明所涉及的另一种吸热储能预制混凝土外墙板本体1的实施方式的断面图;
图7为本发明所涉及的通风空调系统5室内部分的一种实施方式的示意性透视图。
具体实施方式
为了更清楚的表达本发明,下面参照附图对本发明的实施方式进行进一步说明。
一种吸热储能预制混凝土外墙板及太阳能采暖空调幕墙,如图1~图3所示,由吸热储能预制混凝土外墙板本体1、保温框架2、遮阳卷帘3、采光玻璃面板4及通风空调系统5组成;所述吸热储能预制混凝土外墙板本体1与采光玻璃面板4之间形成一层H间距为30~100mm的保温通风空腔层52;
所述遮阳卷帘3安装在保温通风空腔层52内,并在两端设有导轨31;所述采光玻璃面板4安装在保温框架2上。
在图1~图4示出的所述吸热储能预制混凝土外墙板本体1,是由内层承重结构墙11、外层蓄热保温墙12及吸热金属饰面板13构成。
在图1和图5示出的所述吸热储能预制混凝土外墙板本体1,是由内层承重结构墙11、保温层14、外层蓄热保温墙12及吸热金属饰面板13构成。
在1和图6示出的所述吸热储能预制混凝土外墙板本体1,是由內层墙板11′、保温层14、外层蓄热保温墙12及吸热金属饰面板13构成的夹心保温外挂墙板。
在1~图6示出的所述吸热金属饰面板13,是采用平模反打工艺方法或立模成型技术与外层蓄热保温墙12的外表面一次成型复合为一体,该吸热金属饰面板13将阳光辐射得热迅速传导给外层蓄热保温墙12,并储存在外层蓄热保温墙12及内层承重结构墙11的同时,直接传导至室内,给室内供暖;该外墙板本体1既减轻了自重,又加强了蓄热保温能力;内外层墙紧密结合为一体,整体抗震性得到更大提升,并与通风空调系统5形成天然的采暖墙。
在图1~图6示出的所述吸热储能预制混凝土外墙板本体1,根据房间设计形式的不同由1B1、1B2及1B3等多种不同型号的吸热储能预制混凝土承重墙本体1组合,并通过后浇混凝土现浇及钢筋套筒连接等有效连接方式,或通过预留钢筋或预埋件的形式与梁柱固接,使之形成整体性好、抗震性强的装配式建筑;所述1B1~1B3的外立面几何形状及尺寸大小分别如外立面图1虚线部分所示。
在图2~图5示出的所述内层承重结构墙11,为160~230mm厚的钢筋混凝土剪力墙或密肋承重结构墙。
在图2~图6示出的所述外层蓄热保温墙12,为60~130mm厚、抗压强度≥0.200Mpa、密度在200~800kg/m3范围、导热系数在0.06~0.1w/(m·K)之间的相变蓄能轻质钢筋混凝土121或轻质钢筋混凝土;所述外层蓄热保温墙12不仅自重轻、防火、绝热保温性好,而且由于相变蓄能轻质钢筋混凝土121同时具备热熔性和热阻性,并在相变过程中进行能量转换,即吸收热量、释放热量的转换,改变了普通保温板单一热阻性的缺陷,大幅提升了吸热储能预制混凝土外墙板本体1的蓄热保温能力。
在图2~图6示出的所述外层蓄热保温墙12,在安装保温框架2的位置处均设有支撑带12-1,并沿支撑带12-1长度方向每隔400~600mm间距设一个锚固预埋铁2B;根据通风空调需要,所述支撑带12-1上设有200~600mm长的豁口作为通风孔12-2。
在图2~图6示出的所述相变蓄能轻质钢筋混凝土121,是采用以玻化微珠颗粒、水泥、细砂、石墨粉、陶粒、相变材料、漂珠及水镁石纤维等集料,按合理配合比配制搅拌浇注成型后,经养护而成的具有高蓄热功能的轻质混凝土,并在混凝土内设有Φ6~Φ8mm@200~100mm的单层双向钢筋或Φ3~Φ5mm@200~100mm的单排钢筋网片,并通过采用拉结筋或拉结件将内、外层墙板可靠连接为一体。
在图2~图6示出的所述轻质钢筋混凝土,是用泡沫剂与水泥、石墨粉、陶粒、细砂及矿渣等集料,按合理配合比配制搅拌浇注成型后,经养护而成,并在混凝土内设有Φ6~Φ8mm@200~100mm的单层双向钢筋,该单层双向钢筋通过拉结筋与内侧承重结构墙11的主筋拉结。
在图1~3和图6示出的所述吸热金属饰面板13的断面为互为垂直成90度斜面的棱角形,所述吸热金属饰面板13的倾斜度θ设定为45°~75°;两直角形斜面之间的间距S为30~60mm,具体倾斜度θ和间距S需根据安装所在地的纬度而定,以充分吸收光热。
在图4示出的所述吸热金属饰面板13,可根据外墙设计效果的需要设定为平板13P。
在图5示出的所述吸热金属饰面板13的断面为半圆槽13A;所述半圆槽13A的直径为Φ20~Φ60mm;两个相邻半圆槽13A之间的间距S设定为30~70mm。
在图2~图6示出的所述吸热金属饰面板13,采用吸热性好的0.4~2.0mm厚铝合金基材或铜板基材或不锈钢板或用阳极氧化铝板加工而成,并在铝合金基材或铜板基材或不锈钢板的外表面喷涂有一层蓝钛涂膜或石墨烯吸热涂膜,或仅在棱角形或半圆槽13A的上部凸出的阳面部分喷涂有一层蓝钛涂膜或石墨烯吸热涂膜,在下部阴面则喷涂一层起装饰作用的防腐饰面涂料;所述吸热金属饰面板13背面喷涂一层高发射的涂膜。
在图1~图6示出的所述保温框架2,由竖向龙骨21和横向龙骨22焊接而成,或由竖向龙骨21、横向龙骨22及连接件预制而成;
所述竖向龙骨21和横向龙骨22的间距L*S可根据设计排版的需要设定为500~2000mm*500~2000mm;
所述保温框架2与支撑带12-1上的锚固预埋铁2B焊接,或用螺栓与吸热储能预制混凝土外墙板本体1的锚固角码固接为一体;
所述竖向龙骨21和横向龙骨22均采用L型管材或凸型管材或矩形管材或工字型材或C型材的轻钢型材或铝型材制成,并在管材内外或型材内外填充、附设绝热材2-1和2-2,
在图1~图5示出的所述保温框架2,包括采用预制好的塑钢窗框或玻璃钢窗框或铝合金窗框。
在图1~图6示出的所述遮阳卷帘3,采用占空间小、遮阳隔热、防火防紫外线、使用寿命长的全涤纶无纺布手动卷帘或电动卷帘。
在图1~图6示出的所述采光玻璃面板4,上下左右端分别用卡固条6、自攻钉及密封条或玻璃胶与保温框架2固接密实;所述采光玻璃面板4与保温框架2对吸热储能预制混凝土外墙板本体1所吸收到的光热起到很好的绝热保温作用;使幕墙整体绝热保温性能得以大幅提升。
在图1~图6示出的所述采光玻璃面板4,均采用91%以上的高透光率的3.2mm~5mm厚超白低铁布纹钢化玻璃或超白低铁钢化玻璃制成。
在图1~图6示出的所述吸热储能预制混凝土外墙板本体1工厂预制并运至现场、吊装就位组合后,完成钢筋套筒连接、后浇混凝土现浇及防水嵌缝作业,并安装好遮阳卷帘3,将外墙板表面清理干净后,将采光玻璃面板4封装即可。
在图1~图7示出的所述通风空调系统5,由回风口51、保温通风空腔层52、送风口53、双层窗空腔层54、进风口55、进风管56、进风口57、进/回风口58、电动进风口59、空气净化过滤网片510、电动排风口511、排风道512、排风机513、排风道514及室内热回收通风空调系统515构成。
在图1~图7示出的本发明技术方案是,利用相变蓄能轻质钢筋混凝土121的相变基本原理:即当环境温度低于18℃时,相变材料中的相变物质由液态凝结为固态,形成放热;当环境温度高于27℃时,相变物质由固态溶化为液态,转换成吸热,并利用吸热金属饰面板13优异的吸热性,冬季,当吸热储能预制混凝土外墙板本体1的吸热金属饰面板13在阳光辐射得热下温度升至27℃以上时,相变蓄能轻质钢筋混凝土121不断吸热并储存在墙体内的同时,也直接传导给内层承重结构墙11至室内,并通过通风空调系统5向室内传热供暖;当太阳阴下来墙体温度低于18℃时,相变蓄能轻质钢筋混凝土121向墙体内外放热,并通过通风空调系统5向室内持续传热供暖,形成天然的采暖墙;夏季时,将遮阳卷帘3放下,避免太阳直接照射在吸热储能预制混凝土外墙板本体1上,并利用遮阳卷帘3反射隔热功效,以及相变蓄能轻质钢筋混凝土121和保温通风空腔层52及墙体自身良好的绝热保温性,使吸热储能预制混凝土外墙板本体1保持在较舒适的恒温范围内,并达到大幅降低室内空调能耗、低碳节能的目的。
本发明不仅限于以上几个公开的具体实施例,本领域任何采用同等替换或等效变换方式的技术方案均应落入本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种吸热储能预制混凝土外墙板及太阳能采暖空调幕墙,其特征在于,由吸热储能预制混凝土外墙板本体(1)、保温框架(2)、遮阳卷帘(3)、采光玻璃面板(4)及通风空调系统(5)组成;所述吸热储能预制混凝土外墙板本体(1)与采光玻璃面板(4)之间形成一层H间距为30~100mm的保温通风空腔层(52);
所述遮阳卷帘(3)安装在保温通风空腔层(52)内;所述采光玻璃面板(4)安装在保温框架(2)上。
2.如权利要求1所述的吸热储能预制混凝土外墙板及太阳能采暖空调幕墙,其特征在于,所述吸热储能预制混凝土外墙板本体(1),是由内层承重结构墙(11)、外层蓄热保温墙(12)及吸热金属饰面板(13)构成。
3.如权利要求1所述的吸热储能预制混凝土外墙板及太阳能采暖空调幕墙,其特征在于,所述吸热储能预制混凝土外墙板本体(1),是由内层承重结构墙(11)、保温层(14)、外层蓄热保温墙(12)及吸热金属饰面板(13)构成。
4.如权利要求1所述的吸热储能预制混凝土外墙板及太阳能采暖空调幕墙,其特征在于,所述吸热储能预制混凝土外墙板本体(1),是由内层墙板(11′)、保温层(14)、外层蓄热保温墙(12)及吸热金属饰面板(13)构成的夹心保温外挂墙板。
5.如权利要求2或3或4所述的吸热储能预制混凝土外墙板及太阳能采暖空调幕墙,其特征在于,所述外层蓄热保温墙(12),为60~130mm厚、抗压强度≥0.200Mpa、密度在200~800kg/m3范围、导热系数在0.06~0.1w/(m·K)之间的相变蓄能轻质钢筋混凝土(121)或轻质钢筋混凝土。
6.如权利要求2或3或4所述的吸热储能预制混凝土外墙板及太阳能采暖空调幕墙,其特征在于,所述外层蓄热保温墙(12),在安装保温框架(2)的位置处均设有支撑带(12-1),并沿支撑带(12-1)长度方向每隔400~600mm间距设一个锚固预埋铁(2B);所述支撑带(12-1)上设有200~600mm长的豁口作为通风孔(12-2)。
7.如权利要求2或3或4所述的吸热储能预制混凝土外墙板及太阳能采暖空调幕墙,其特征在于,所述吸热金属饰面板(13),采用平模反打工艺方法或立模成型技术与外层蓄热保温墙(12)的外表面一次成型复合为一体。
8.如权利要求2或3或4所述的吸热储能预制混凝土外墙板及太阳能采暖空调幕墙,其特征在于,所述吸热金属饰面板(13)的断面为互为垂直成90度斜面的棱角形,所述吸热金属饰面板(13)的倾斜度θ设定为45°~75°;两直角形斜面之间的间距S为30~60mm。
9.如权利要求2或3或4所述的吸热储能预制混凝土外墙板及太阳能采暖空调幕墙,其特征在于,所述吸热金属饰面板(13)为平板(13P)。
10.如权利要求2或3或4所述的吸热储能预制混凝土外墙板及太阳能采暖空调幕墙,其特征在于,所述吸热金属饰面板(13)的断面为半圆槽(13A);所述半圆槽(13A)的直径为Φ20~Φ60mm;两个相邻半圆槽(13A)之间的间距S设定为30~70mm。
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CN203626095U (zh) * | 2013-10-10 | 2014-06-04 | 深圳市华辉装饰工程有限公司 | 单元式双层呼吸幕墙构造 |
CN104727472A (zh) * | 2014-03-12 | 2015-06-24 | 冯刚克 | 太阳能建筑一体化采暖保温通风幕墙 |
CN204960116U (zh) * | 2015-03-21 | 2016-01-13 | 江苏容光能源科技有限公司 | 可实现被动单向太阳能采暖发电的相变蓄能保温墙体结构 |
CN205296465U (zh) * | 2015-11-12 | 2016-06-08 | 天津城建大学 | 被动式太阳能墙体 |
CN206987185U (zh) * | 2016-08-02 | 2018-02-09 | 冯刚克 | 吸热储能预制混凝土外墙板及太阳能采暖空调幕墙 |
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CN108547409A (zh) * | 2018-05-22 | 2018-09-18 | 张刚 | 保温墙板 |
CN108547409B (zh) * | 2018-05-22 | 2020-08-04 | 东阳市中傲建筑工程有限公司 | 保温墙板 |
CN110345589A (zh) * | 2019-07-12 | 2019-10-18 | 汉嘉设计集团股份有限公司 | 一种被动式节能环保系统及房屋 |
CN110345589B (zh) * | 2019-07-12 | 2021-04-06 | 汉嘉设计集团股份有限公司 | 一种被动式节能环保系统及房屋 |
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