CN107268690B - Method for detecting bearing capacity of carrier pile - Google Patents

Method for detecting bearing capacity of carrier pile Download PDF

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CN107268690B
CN107268690B CN201710185284.XA CN201710185284A CN107268690B CN 107268690 B CN107268690 B CN 107268690B CN 201710185284 A CN201710185284 A CN 201710185284A CN 107268690 B CN107268690 B CN 107268690B
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hammering
energy
carrier
value
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CN107268690A (en
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王继忠
张连喜
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D33/00—Testing foundations or foundation structures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D2600/00—Miscellaneous
    • E02D2600/10—Miscellaneous comprising sensor means

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
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  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
  • Placing Or Removing Of Piles Or Sheet Piles, Or Accessories Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a method for detecting the bearing capacity of a carrier pile,the method is characterized in that a heavy hammer is used for hammering a carrier pile, the pile body is enabled to generate vertical displacement by controlling hammering energy, and the vertical bearing capacity of the pile is judged according to the measured displacement value and the soil property of a pile end bearing layer. The specific implementation steps are as follows: 1) reinforcing and protecting the pile head of the carrier pile to be detected; 2) lifting a certain height above the pile head by using a heavy hammer, then freely dropping and striking the pile head, controlling hammering energy to enable a pile body to generate downward vertical displacement, and measuring and recording the displacement value; 3) repeating the hammering operation in the step 2), stopping hammering when the total energy of multiple times of hammering reaches a set value, and recording the total displacement numerical value of the pile body; 4) the equivalent calculation area A of the carrier is judged through the total displacement numerical value and the soil property of the pile end bearing layereValue, again according to AeAnd calculating the value to obtain the vertical bearing capacity of the pile. The detection method has the advantages of accurate result, high efficiency, rapidness and low cost.

Description

Method for detecting bearing capacity of carrier pile
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of civil engineering, in particular to a method for detecting the bearing capacity of a pile.
Background
The foundation serves as the foundation of the building, and the service life and safety of the building are directly influenced by the engineering quality and the bearing capacity of the foundation. Therefore, it is very important to detect and judge the bearing capacity of the foundation after the foundation construction is completed. At present, the method for detecting the quality of the pile foundation mainly detects the vertical bearing capacity of the pile foundation through a static load test and assists in detecting the integrity of a pile body by a low-strain dynamic test method, wherein the static load test generally utilizes a pile loading method or a method of providing counter force by depending on anchor piles and the like, and because the load required by the static load test is very large, no matter the pile loading method or the method of constructing anti-pulling anchor piles firstly, the detection method has the advantages of multiple preparation processes, long consumed time, dozens of days or even longer time under the condition of sampling and detecting a plurality of piles, the detection cost and the collection cost are very high, and the detection cost of a single pile is more than tens of thousands of elements.
The carrier pile is a pile foundation technology which is developed in recent years and has excellent quality and outstanding economic advantages, and has the particularity that the carrier pile is composed of a concrete pile body and a carrier, the carrier is a main source of the bearing capacity of the pile, the carrier is formed by continuously tamping a filling material through a heavy hammer, the carrier is generally composed of concrete, a tamped filling material and compacted soil, and the stress and equivalent area of the carrier are closely related to the properties of the soil at the pile end. The compactness and the filling amount of the carrier are the same in the process of forming the carrierThrough three-strike penetration degree control, and bearing capacity calculation formula R of carrier pilea=fa×AeCore parameter A ineThe value is also obtained through the three-strike penetration and the soil property of the soil layer to be reinforced, so that the three-strike penetration under the fixed ramming energy is the centralized and core embodiment of the bearing capacity of the carrier pile for the carrier pile, and further, the relevance between the penetration and the bearing capacity of the carrier pile can be found and actually implemented according to the characteristics of the carrier pile.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is proposed to solve the above-mentioned problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a method for detecting the bearing capacity of a carrier pile, which is to simply, effectively and clearly judge and calculate the bearing capacity of the carrier pile by a method of hammering displacement and controlling hammering energy according to the characteristics and bearing mechanism of the carrier pile, and has the advantages of accurate detection result, excellent effect and low cost.
The invention discloses a method for detecting the bearing capacity of a carrier pile, which is characterized in that a heavy hammer is used for hammering the carrier pile, the pile body is enabled to generate vertical displacement by controlling hammering energy, and the vertical bearing capacity of the pile is judged by the measured displacement value and the soil property of a pile end bearing layer.
The detection method comprises the following specific implementation steps:
1) reinforcing and protecting the pile head of the carrier pile to be detected;
2) lifting a certain height above the pile head by using a heavy hammer, then freely dropping and striking the pile head, controlling hammering energy to enable a pile body to generate downward vertical displacement, and measuring and recording the displacement value;
3) repeating the hammering operation in the step 2), stopping hammering when the total energy of multiple times of hammering reaches a set value, and recording the total displacement numerical value of the pile body;
4) the equivalent calculation area A of the carrier is judged through the total displacement numerical value and the soil property of the pile end bearing layereValue, again according to AeAnd calculating the value to obtain the vertical bearing capacity of the pile.
In the above detection method, the hammering energy is the weight of the weight multiplied by the falling height of the weight.
In the detection method, the hammering energy control comprises energy control of single hammering and total energy control of multiple hammering, wherein the energy requirement of single hammering is greater than the frictional resistance generated by the pile body and the surrounding soil body, if the ramming energy is too small, the pile body cannot be displaced downwards, and meanwhile, the maximum impact strength which is less than the maximum impact strength borne by the pile body material is required, namely the energy struck by the heavy hammer does not exceed the allowable value of the pile body strength, so as to ensure that the pile body is not damaged during hammering; the total energy of multiple times of hammering is as close as the total energy of hammering adopted when the three-hammering penetration degree is measured in the construction process.
The detection method is not limited to the carrier pile, and can also be used for detecting the bearing capacity of other cast-in-place concrete piles and precast concrete piles, particularly for end-supported pile foundations.
In the specific implementation step 1) of the detection method, the reinforcing and protecting of the pile head comprises adding a protective pad or/and a protective sleeve on the periphery of the pile head so as to improve the anti-impact strength of the pile head.
In the specific implementation step 2) of the detection method, a plurality of displacement sensors are arranged at the pile head position to read, record and output the displacement data of the pile body, the displacement sensors are connected with a control instrument through displacement lines, and the control instrument can be connected with a computer or independently read the data.
In the specific implementation step 2) of the detection method, the energy of single hammering is not more than 210kN.m, and the closer to 210kN.m, the better without damaging the pile body; the energy control parameter is that when the three-strike penetration degree is measured in the construction pile end carrier, the adopted hammer weight is 3.5T, the drop distance is 6m, and the energy value of single-strike is 210 kN.m.
In the specific implementation step 3) of the detection method, the energy of single hammering is not more than 210 kN.m; the closer the total energy of multiple hammering is to 630kN.m, the better on the premise of not damaging the pile body, the hammering times and the falling distance are correspondingly adjusted according to the weight of the used heavy hammer, when the weight of the heavy hammer is more than 3.5T, the hammering times are reduced or the falling distance is reduced, and when the weight of the heavy hammer is less than 3.5T, the hammering times are increased or the falling distance is increased; the energy control parameter is that when the three-strike penetration degree is measured in a construction pile end carrier, the adopted hammer weight is 3.5T, the drop distance is 6m, the energy value of single-strike is 210kN.m, and the total energy value of three-strike is 630 kN.m.
The specific implementation step 4) of the detection method is that the carrier equivalent calculation area A iseThe value is set according to the total displacement value and the soil property of the pile end bearing layer, and is preferably set according to the following table.
Figure 554791DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
The specific implementation step 4) of the detection method is as described above according to AeThe vertical bearing capacity of the pile is obtained through value calculation, and the calculation formula is Ra=fa×AeIn the formula, RaIs a characteristic value f of the vertical bearing capacity of a single carrier pileaThe characteristic value of the bearing capacity of the foundation of the carrier pile bearing layer after the depth correction is obtained.
Aiming at the bearing characteristics and the bearing mechanism of an end bearing pile represented by a carrier pile, the detection method adopts the same hammering mode as that of constructing a pile end carrier, but effectively controls hammering energy, properly reduces single hammering energy but increases the hammering times on the premise of not damaging the quality of a pile body, enables the total energy of multiple hammering to be equal to the total hammering energy adopted when measuring the three-hammering penetration degree in construction, namely measures the total displacement settlement value of the pile body by utilizing the energy conservation mechanism, and judges the bearing capacity of the carrier pile according to the settlement value and the soil property of a pile end bearing layer. The detection method has the advantages that the construction process and the control parameters are similar when the detection method is used for a pile end carrier, the bearing mechanism is the same as the energy conservation mechanism, and therefore, the equivalent calculation area A of the carrier can be effectively utilized when the bearing capacity is judgedeAnd the value and the bearing capacity calculation formula of the carrier pile are calculated, so that the detection result is very accurate and is consistent with the actual bearing capacity of the pile.
The detection method has the other technical characteristics and advantages that the pile body and the pile end carrier are better combined due to the hammering settlement in the detection process, and quality problems of pile bottom sediment, pile bottom soil deficiency and the like which possibly occur in the construction process can be simply and effectively eliminated, so that the excessive settlement of the pile body is avoided, the pile foundation quality is further improved, and the bearing capacity of the end body is better exerted.
The method has the advantages of simple detection process, extremely low requirements on related equipment, high detection speed and high efficiency, and compared with a static load detection method of a slow maintenance load method, the method does not need anchor pile construction, pull-conveying balance weight, level stacking, steel beam, jack and other instruments, and the construction cost and expense are reduced by times.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will now be further described with reference to engineering cases.
Engineering case 1: in the project of the pile foundation of the office building in suburb county of Beijing, the design scheme is that the pile foundation is a carrier pile, the length of the designed pile is 8m, the diameter of the designed pile is 600mm, the bearing layer at the pile end is gravel soil, and the ultimate bearing capacity of a single pile is 4000 kN. The specific detection steps are as follows: 1) before detection, firstly reinforcing and protecting the pile head of a carrier pile to be detected, hooping the pile head by two semicircular steel hoops with the height of 700mm, and paving a felt hammer pad with the thickness of 80mm on the surface of the pile head; 2) 2 displacement sensors are respectively arranged at the positions 800mm below the surface of the pile top and on two sides of the pile body, the displacement sensors are connected with a control instrument through displacement lines, and the control instrument is connected with a computer; 3) a flat-bottom slender heavy hammer with the weight of 3.5T is adopted to be aligned to the pile head above the pile head, the heavy hammer is lifted for 3m and then falls freely to hit the pile head, so that the pile body generates downward vertical displacement, and the displacement value is measured and recorded; 4) hammering is repeatedly carried out according to the drop distance of 3m, when the total hammering energy reaches 630kN.m after hammering is carried out for 6 times, hammering is stopped, and the total displacement value of the pile body obtained through measurement and record is 12 mm; 4) according to the total displacement value and the soil property of the bearing stratum of the pile, looking up a table to obtain the equivalent calculation area A of the carriereA value of 3.5 m2(ii) a 5) Calculating the characteristic value f of the bearing capacity of the foundation of the carrier pile bearing layer after deep correctionaThe calculation parameters are that the depth D =9.0m of the depth correction calculation of the bearing stratum and the effective gravity gamma of the soil0=19.0kN/m3，ηd=4.4, calculation formulaIs fa=fak+ηd(D-1.5) γ0Calculating the result fa=1152.4 kPa; 6) according to the calculation formula Ra=fa×AeAnd calculating to obtain the vertical ultimate bearing capacity R of the pileaAnd =4033kN, which meets the design requirement of 4000 kN.
Engineering case 2: a paper making workshop pile foundation project is newly built in a certain paper plant in Tianjin Ji county, the design scheme is that a carrier pile is adopted, the length of the designed pile is 17m, the diameter of the designed pile is 400mm, a pile end bearing layer is a silt layer, and the ultimate bearing capacity of a single pile is required to be 1200 kN. The specific detection steps are as follows: 1) before detection, firstly reinforcing and protecting the pile head of a carrier pile to be detected, hooping the pile head by using two semicircular steel hoops with the height of 600mm, and paving a felt hammer pad with the thickness of 50mm on the surface of the pile head; 2) 2 displacement sensors are respectively arranged at 700mm below the surface of the pile top and at two sides of the pile body, the displacement sensors are connected with a control instrument through displacement lines, and the control instrument is connected with a computer; 3) a flat-bottom slender heavy hammer with the weight of 2T is adopted to be aligned to the pile head above the pile head, the heavy hammer is lifted for 3m and then falls freely to hit the pile head, so that the pile body generates downward vertical displacement, and the displacement value is measured and recorded; 4) hammering is repeatedly carried out according to the falling distance of 3m, the total hammering energy is 600kN.m after hammering is carried out for 10 times, hammering is stopped, and the total displacement value of the pile body obtained through measurement and record is 17 mm; 4) according to the total displacement value and the soil property of the bearing stratum of the pile, looking up a table to obtain the equivalent calculation area A of the carriereA value of 2.5m2(ii) a 5) Calculating the characteristic value f of the bearing capacity of the foundation of the carrier pile bearing layer after deep correctionaThe calculation parameters are that the depth D =19.5m of the depth correction calculation of the bearing stratum and the effective gravity gamma of the soil0=10.0kN/m3，ηd=2, calculation formula fa=fak+ηd(D-1.5) γ0Calculating the result fa=536.8 kPa; 6) according to the calculation formula Ra=fa×AeAnd calculating to obtain the vertical ultimate bearing capacity R of the pileaAnd =1342kN, which meets the design requirement of 1200 kN.
Engineering case 3: the design scheme of Tianjin Wuqing multi-storey residential district pile foundation engineering is that the design scheme is carrier pile, the design pile length is 8m, the pile diameter is 400mm, and the pile end is heldThe mechanical layer is a silt layer, and the ultimate bearing capacity of the single pile is required to be 700 kN. The specific detection steps are as follows: 1) before detection, firstly reinforcing and protecting the pile head of a carrier pile to be detected, hooping the pile head by using two semicircular steel hoops with the height of 600mm, and paving a felt hammer pad with the thickness of 50mm on the surface of the pile head; 2) 2 displacement sensors are respectively arranged at 700mm below the surface of the pile top and at two sides of the pile body, the displacement sensors are connected with a control instrument through displacement lines, and the control instrument is connected with a computer; 3) a flat-bottom slender heavy hammer with the weight of 4T is aligned to the pile head above the pile head, the heavy hammer is lifted for 1.6m and then falls freely to hit the pile head, so that the pile body generates downward vertical displacement, and the displacement value is measured and recorded; 4) hammering is repeatedly carried out according to the drop distance of 1.6m of the lifting heavy hammer, the total hammering energy is close to 630kN.m after 10 times of hammering, hammering is stopped, and the total displacement value of the pile body obtained through measurement and record is 35 mm; 4) according to the total displacement value and the soil property of the bearing stratum of the pile, looking up a table to obtain the equivalent calculation area A of the carriereA value of 2.3m2(ii) a 5) Calculating a characteristic value fa of the bearing capacity of the foundation of the bearing layer of the carrier pile after depth correction, wherein the calculation parameters are that the depth D =9.5m of the depth correction calculation of the bearing layer and the effective gravity gamma of the soil0=14.0kN/m3，ηd=1.6, calculation formula fa=fak+ηd(D-1.5) γ0Calculating the result fa=360.8 kPa; 6) according to the formula Ra = fa×AeAnd calculating to obtain the vertical ultimate bearing capacity R of the pileaAnd =829kN, which meets the design requirement.

Claims (7)

1. A method for detecting bearing capacity of a carrier pile is characterized in that a heavy hammer is used for hammering the carrier pile, a pile body is enabled to generate vertical displacement by controlling hammering energy, and the vertical bearing capacity of the pile is judged according to a measured displacement value and the soil property of a pile end bearing layer; the method comprises the following steps:
1) reinforcing and protecting the pile head of the carrier pile to be detected;
2) lifting a certain height above the pile head by using a heavy hammer, then freely dropping and striking the pile head, controlling hammering energy to enable a pile body to generate downward vertical displacement, and measuring and recording the displacement value;
3) repeating the hammering operation of the step 2), controlling the falling distance of the heavy hammer to be the same every time, stopping hammering when the total energy of multiple times of hammering reaches a set value, and recording the total displacement numerical value of the pile body;
4) the equivalent calculation area A of the carrier is judged through the total displacement numerical value and the soil property of the pile end bearing layereValue, again according to AeCalculating the value to obtain the vertical bearing capacity of the pile; the calculation formula is Ra=fa×AeIn the formula, RaIs a characteristic value f of the vertical bearing capacity of a single carrier pileaThe characteristic value of the bearing capacity of the foundation of the bearing layer of the carrier pile after the depth correction is obtained;
the hammering energy control comprises energy control of single hammering and total energy control of multiple hammering, wherein the energy requirement of single hammering is greater than the frictional resistance generated by the pile body and the surrounding soil body, and the requirement is smaller than the maximum impact strength borne by the pile body material, namely the pile body is ensured not to be damaged during hammering; the total energy of multiple times of hammering is as close as the total energy of hammering adopted when the three-hammering penetration degree is measured in the construction process of the carrier pile; on the premise of not damaging the quality of the pile body, the single hammering energy is properly reduced, but the hammering times are increased, so that the total energy of multiple hammering is equal to the total hammering energy adopted when measuring the three-hammering penetration degree in construction.
2. The detecting method according to claim 1, wherein the hammering energy is the weight of the weight multiplied by the falling height of the weight.
3. The detection method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1), the reinforcing and protecting of the pile head comprises adding a protective pad or/and a protective sleeve on the periphery of the pile head.
4. The detection method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), a displacement sensor is installed at the pile head position to read, record and output the displacement data of the pile body.
5. The detection method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the energy of a single hammer blow is not more than 210kn.
6. The detection method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3), the energy of a single hammering is not more than 210kn.m, and the total energy of multiple hammering is as close as 630 kn.m.
7. The detecting method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4), the carrier equivalent calculated area aeAnd setting a value range according to the total displacement value and the soil property of the pile end bearing layer.
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CN110219293B (en) * 2019-04-30 2021-04-20 沧州市建设工程质量检测中心有限责任公司 Composite foundation bearing capacity detection device and detection method
CN115637695A (en) * 2022-10-25 2023-01-24 中建四局土木工程有限公司 Construction method of PHC prestressed high-strength concrete pipe pile
CN116136149B (en) * 2023-02-21 2023-10-31 广州市市政工程设计研究总院有限公司 Novel underwater mechanical rock drilling process parameter rapid determination method

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CN104988913A (en) * 2015-05-29 2015-10-21 王继忠 Construction method for carrier pile of major diameter long pile
CN105821836A (en) * 2016-02-18 2016-08-03 王继忠 Construction method for carrier pile
CN205857256U (en) * 2016-07-19 2017-01-04 中国建筑第七工程局有限公司 Carrier pile pile penetration measuring instrument

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CN104988913A (en) * 2015-05-29 2015-10-21 王继忠 Construction method for carrier pile of major diameter long pile
CN105821836A (en) * 2016-02-18 2016-08-03 王继忠 Construction method for carrier pile
CN205857256U (en) * 2016-07-19 2017-01-04 中国建筑第七工程局有限公司 Carrier pile pile penetration measuring instrument

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