CN107265976A - A kind of preparation method of insulated fire construction material - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of insulated fire construction material Download PDFInfo
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- CN107265976A CN107265976A CN201710479789.7A CN201710479789A CN107265976A CN 107265976 A CN107265976 A CN 107265976A CN 201710479789 A CN201710479789 A CN 201710479789A CN 107265976 A CN107265976 A CN 107265976A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
- C04B2111/28—Fire resistance, i.e. materials resistant to accidental fires or high temperatures
- C04B2111/285—Intumescent materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/30—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for heat transfer properties such as thermal insulation values, e.g. R-values
- C04B2201/32—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for heat transfer properties such as thermal insulation values, e.g. R-values for the thermal conductivity, e.g. K-factors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of preparation method of novel heat insulation fire-proof construction material, including following preparation process：First, granular polystyrene, foaming agent, magnesia, modified cellulose, magnesium sulfate and nanometer rubber powder are well mixed, obtain mixture one；2nd, by mixture made from step one one and glass fibre, portland cement, metakaolin, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), diatomite, polyamide, flyash, ferrous sulfate, water reducer, fire retardant, foam stabilizer, polyacrylamide, sodium acid carbonate and polyethylene glycol, add water and carry out and stir, obtain mixture two；3rd, the mixture of mixture made from step 2 two is inserted in mould, it is compressing to obtain semi-finished product；4th, semi-finished product shaping made from step 3 is cut, polished, overlay film, standing.The present invention has higher fire resistance, and lower cost for material, is adapted to industrialization mass production.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the manufacture technology field of fire-proof construction material, and in particular to a kind of novel heat insulation fire-proof construction material
Preparation method.
Background technology
Construction material can be divided into structural material, ornament materials and some proprietary materials.Structural material include timber, bamboo wood,
Stone material, cement, concrete, metal, brick and tile, ceramics, glass, engineering plastics, composite etc.；Ornament materials includes various apply
Material, paint, coating, veneer, assorted ceramic tile, glass with special-effect etc.；Proprietary material refer to for waterproof, protection against the tide, anti-corrosion,
Fire prevention, fire-retardant, sound insulation, heat-insulated, insulation, sealing etc..
Construction material needs to have higher mechanical strength, such as rupture strength and compression strength, if its rupture strength also resists
Compressive Strength is relatively low, and the security performance of construction material can not be protected.In addition to mechanical strength, construction material be also required to possess compared with
High insulated fire performance, the phenomenon that construction material burns when preventing fiery residence.
Energy problem is the current environmentally friendly topic paid close attention to the most, and builds in-fighting and very big ratio is accounted in social total energy consumption
Example, especially in developed country, the energy consumption of air-conditioning heating accounts for less than the 65% of building energy consumption, and comes in the current heating position of China
Say, the situation development that heating air conditioning and illumination can increase in geometry numeral therefore, how to reduce scattering and disappearing for heat in building
Important content as reduction building energy consumption total amount, exploitation novel energy-saving environment-friendly type construction material can effectively reduce building energy consumption
Play a part of energy-conservation, the exploitation for warming plate is also growing more intense.At present, building energy conservation heat insulation is one and very important asked
Topic, it is to be related to the low consumption energy, low-carbon, environmental protection.Insulation material on the market is incubated using styrofoam mostly.
Due to styrofoam producing, the link such as transport, install, using and easily burn, occur fire.Large-sized fire occurs for skyscraper
Case is innumerable.In addition, relevant supervision department reaffirms that requirement civil buildings must be using A grades of fire-retardant heat-insulation materials.Therefore, after
It is continuous to use above-mentioned polyphenyl plate heat preserving material as civil buildings fire-retardant heat-insulation material and realize.
In summary, it is therefore desirable to which a kind of more preferable construction material improves the deficiencies in the prior art, promotes building trade
Development, improve people quality of life.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of preparation method of novel heat insulation fire-proof construction material, novel heat insulation of the present invention is prevented
Fiery construction material, it is reasonable that it is formulated, and the collective effect of glass fibre, granular polystyrene etc. adds the intensity of construction material, and
By the interaction between various components, make construction material that there is resistant to elevated temperatures feature, then be engaged with addition fire retardant can
Further improve the fire resistance of construction material.
The invention provides following technical scheme：
A kind of preparation method of novel heat insulation fire-proof construction material, including following preparation process：
First, granular polystyrene, foaming agent, magnesia, modified cellulose, magnesium sulfate and nanometer rubber powder are well mixed, mixed
Thing one；
2nd, by mixture made from step one one and glass fibre, portland cement, metakaolin, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), diatom
Soil, polyamide, flyash, ferrous sulfate, water reducer, fire retardant, foam stabilizer, polyacrylamide, sodium acid carbonate and polyethylene glycol,
Add water and carry out and stir, obtain mixture two；
3rd, the mixture of mixture made from step 2 two is inserted in mould, it is 140-160 DEG C, pressure control to control forming temperature
System is compressing to obtain semi-finished product in 40-60MPa；
4th, semi-finished product shaping made from step 3 is cut, polished, overlay film, then be placed in 0-5 DEG C of environment and stand 3-5
My god, you can obtain finished product.
It is preferred that, the novel heat insulation fire-proof construction material includes the raw material of following parts by weight：22-34 parts of granular polystyrene,
8-12 parts of foaming agent, 11-14 parts of magnesia, 12-15 parts of modified cellulose, 9-13 parts of magnesium sulfate, 8-15 parts of nanometer rubber powder, glass
4-12 parts of fiber, 11-15 parts of portland cement, 20-24 parts of metakaolin, 12-15 parts of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), 13-14 parts of diatomite,
12-18 parts of polyamide, 22-24 parts of flyash, 8-12 parts of ferrous sulfate, 5-9 parts of water reducer, 8-10 parts of fire retardant, foam stabilizer 10-
33-45 parts of 12 parts, 15-19 parts of polyacrylamide, 12-14 parts of sodium acid carbonate, 16-18 parts of polyethylene glycol and water.
It is preferred that, the granular polystyrene of the step one is that raw material expands based on using Expandable polystyrene resin bead
Foam the expanded polystyrene foams particle being made.
It is preferred that, the foaming agent of the step one is lauryl sodium sulfate, sodium sulfate of polyethenoxy ether of fatty alcohol or ten
The mixing of sodium dialkyl sulfate and sodium sulfate of polyethenoxy ether of fatty alcohol.
It is preferred that, the modified cellulose of the step one is methyl cellulose ether, hydroxyethyl ether cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose
Any of element and hydroxypropyl cellulose or a variety of mixing.
It is preferred that, the fire retardant organic fire-retardant or inorganic combustion inhibitor of the step 2.
It is preferred that, the organic fire-retardant is any of red phosphorus, phosphate and halogenated phosphate or a variety of combinations,
Inorganic combustion inhibitor is any of graphite, magnesium hydroxide and aluminium hydroxide or a variety of combinations.
It is preferred that, the foam stabilizer of the step 2 is empgen BB, fatty acid distribution of coconut oil diglycollic amide and cocounut oil
Any of fatty monoethanol amide or a variety of mixtures.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
Novel heat insulation fire-proof construction material of the present invention, it is reasonable that it is formulated, and the collective effect of glass fibre, granular polystyrene etc. is added
The intensity of construction material, and by the interaction between various components, make construction material that there is resistant to elevated temperatures feature, then with adding
Plus fire retardant is engaged can further improve the fire resistance of construction material.
The present invention efficiently solves many disadvantages of existing building insulation material, meets country to insulating board for building fire prevention etc.
Level and the requirement of insulation.
The preparation method of the present invention is simple, simple to operate, does not have particular/special requirement, and lower cost for material to processing machinery,
It is adapted to industrialization mass production.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
A kind of preparation method of novel heat insulation fire-proof construction material, including following preparation process：
First, granular polystyrene, foaming agent, magnesia, modified cellulose, magnesium sulfate and nanometer rubber powder are well mixed, mixed
Thing one；
2nd, by mixture made from step one one and glass fibre, portland cement, metakaolin, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), diatom
Soil, polyamide, flyash, ferrous sulfate, water reducer, fire retardant, foam stabilizer, polyacrylamide, sodium acid carbonate and polyethylene glycol,
Add water and carry out and stir, obtain mixture two；
3rd, the mixture of mixture made from step 2 two is inserted in mould, it is 160 DEG C to control forming temperature, pressure control exists
60MPa, it is compressing to obtain semi-finished product；
4th, semi-finished product shaping made from step 3 is cut, polished, overlay film, then be placed in 0 DEG C of environment and stand 5 days, i.e.,
It can obtain finished product.
Novel heat insulation fire-proof construction material includes the raw material of following parts by weight：34 parts of granular polystyrene, 12 parts of foaming agent, oxidation
It is 14 parts of magnesium, 15 parts of modified cellulose, 15 parts of 9 part, nanometer rubber powder of magnesium sulfate, 12 parts of glass fibre, 15 parts of portland cement, higher
24 parts of ridge soil, 15 parts of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), 14 parts of diatomite, 18 parts of polyamide, 24 parts of flyash, 12 parts of ferrous sulfate, water reducer 9
Part, 10 parts of fire retardant, 10 parts of foam stabilizer, 15 parts of polyacrylamide, 14 parts of sodium acid carbonate, 18 parts of polyethylene glycol and 33 parts of water.
The granular polystyrene of step one is made of raw material based on Expandable polystyrene resin bead is expanded foamed
Expanded polystyrene foams particle.
The foaming agent of step one is the mixing of lauryl sodium sulfate and sodium sulfate of polyethenoxy ether of fatty alcohol.
The modified cellulose of step one is methyl cellulose ether, hydroxyethyl ether cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl
The mixing of cellulose.
The flame retardant inorganic fire retardant of step 2.
Inorganic combustion inhibitor is the combination of graphite, magnesium hydroxide and aluminium hydroxide.
The foam stabilizer of step 2 is empgen BB, fatty acid distribution of coconut oil diglycollic amide and fatty acid distribution of coconut oil monoethanol
The mixture of acid amides.
Embodiment 2
A kind of preparation method of novel heat insulation fire-proof construction material, including following preparation process：
First, granular polystyrene, foaming agent, magnesia, modified cellulose, magnesium sulfate and nanometer rubber powder are well mixed, mixed
Thing one；
2nd, by mixture made from step one one and glass fibre, portland cement, metakaolin, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), diatom
Soil, polyamide, flyash, ferrous sulfate, water reducer, fire retardant, foam stabilizer, polyacrylamide, sodium acid carbonate and polyethylene glycol,
Add water and carry out and stir, obtain mixture two；
3rd, the mixture of mixture made from step 2 two is inserted in mould, it is 140 DEG C to control forming temperature, pressure control exists
40MPa, it is compressing to obtain semi-finished product；
4th, semi-finished product shaping made from step 3 is cut, polished, overlay film, then be placed in 5 DEG C of environment and stand 3 days, i.e.,
It can obtain finished product.
Novel heat insulation fire-proof construction material includes the raw material of following parts by weight：22 parts of granular polystyrene, 8 parts of foaming agent, oxidation
11 parts of magnesium, 12 parts of modified cellulose, 8 parts of 9 part, nanometer rubber powder of magnesium sulfate, 4 parts of glass fibre, 11 parts of portland cement, higher ridge
Soil 20 parts, 12 parts of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), 13 parts of diatomite, 12 parts of polyamide, 2 parts of flyash, 8 parts of ferrous sulfate, 9 parts of water reducer,
33 parts of 8 parts of fire retardant, 10 parts of foam stabilizer, 19 parts of polyacrylamide, 12 parts of sodium acid carbonate, 18 parts of polyethylene glycol and water.
The granular polystyrene of step one is made of raw material based on Expandable polystyrene resin bead is expanded foamed
Expanded polystyrene foams particle.
The foaming agent of step one is the mixing of lauryl sodium sulfate and sodium sulfate of polyethenoxy ether of fatty alcohol.
The modified cellulose of step one is methyl cellulose ether, hydroxyethyl ether cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl
The mixing of cellulose.
The fire retardant organic fire-retardant of step 2.
Organic fire-retardant is the combination of red phosphorus, phosphate and halogenated phosphate.
The foam stabilizer of step 2 is empgen BB, fatty acid distribution of coconut oil diglycollic amide and fatty acid distribution of coconut oil monoethanol
Amide blend.
Table one：
| Project | Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 |
| Fire rating | A | A |
| Thermal conductivity factor W/（m·k） | 0.048 | 0.047 |
| Compression strength（MPa） | 0.88 | 0.85 |
| Water slip（%） | 26 | 28 |
| Water inlet rate（%） | 12 | 13 |
| Corrode half the time（My god） | 85 | 88 |
The preferred embodiments of the present invention are the foregoing is only, are not intended to limit the invention, although with reference to the foregoing embodiments
The present invention is described in detail, for those skilled in the art, it still can be to foregoing embodiments institute
The technical scheme of record is modified, or carries out equivalent substitution to which part technical characteristic.It is all the present invention spirit and
Within principle, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc. should be included in the scope of the protection.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of preparation method of novel heat insulation fire-proof construction material, it is characterised in that including following preparation process：
First, granular polystyrene, foaming agent, magnesia, modified cellulose, magnesium sulfate and nanometer rubber powder are well mixed, mixed
Thing one；
2nd, by mixture made from step one one and glass fibre, portland cement, metakaolin, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), diatom
Soil, polyamide, flyash, ferrous sulfate, water reducer, fire retardant, foam stabilizer, polyacrylamide, sodium acid carbonate and polyethylene glycol,
Add water and carry out and stir, obtain mixture two；
3rd, the mixture of mixture made from step 2 two is inserted in mould, it is 140-160 DEG C, pressure control to control forming temperature
System is compressing to obtain semi-finished product in 40-60MPa；
4th, semi-finished product shaping made from step 3 is cut, polished, overlay film, then be placed in 0-5 DEG C of environment and stand 3-5
My god, you can obtain finished product.
2. the preparation method of a kind of novel heat insulation fire-proof construction material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described new
Type insulated fire construction material includes the raw material of following parts by weight：22-34 parts of granular polystyrene, 8-12 parts of foaming agent, magnesia 11-
14 parts, 12-15 parts of modified cellulose, 9-13 parts of magnesium sulfate, 8-15 parts of nanometer rubber powder, 4-12 parts of glass fibre, portland cement
11-15 parts, 20-24 parts of metakaolin, 12-15 parts of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), 13-14 parts of diatomite, 12-18 parts of polyamide, flyash
22-24 parts, 8-12 parts of ferrous sulfate, 5-9 parts of water reducer, 8-10 parts of fire retardant, 10-12 parts of foam stabilizer, polyacrylamide 15-19
Part, 12-14 parts of sodium acid carbonate, 16-18 parts of polyethylene glycol and 33-45 parts of water.
3. a kind of preparation method of novel heat insulation fire-proof construction material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step
Rapid one granular polystyrene is to use the expanded foamed expansion polyphenyl second being made of raw material based on Expandable polystyrene resin bead
Alkene foam beads.
4. a kind of preparation method of novel heat insulation fire-proof construction material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step
Rapid one foaming agent is lauryl sodium sulfate, sodium sulfate of polyethenoxy ether of fatty alcohol or lauryl sodium sulfate and poly alkyl alcohol
The mixing of oxygen ethene ether sodium sulfate.
5. a kind of preparation method of novel heat insulation fire-proof construction material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step
Rapid one modified cellulose is in methyl cellulose ether, hydroxyethyl ether cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl cellulose
Any one or more mixing.
6. a kind of preparation method of novel heat insulation fire-proof construction material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step
Rapid two fire retardant organic fire-retardant or inorganic combustion inhibitor.
7. the preparation method of a kind of novel heat insulation fire-proof construction material according to claim 6, it is characterised in that described to have
Machine fire retardant is any of red phosphorus, phosphate and halogenated phosphate or a variety of combinations, and inorganic combustion inhibitor is graphite, hydrogen-oxygen
Change any of magnesium and aluminium hydroxide or a variety of combinations.
8. a kind of preparation method of novel heat insulation fire-proof construction material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step
Rapid two foam stabilizer is times in empgen BB, fatty acid distribution of coconut oil diglycollic amide and fatty monoethanol amide
One or more kinds of mixtures.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710479789.7A CN107265976A (en) | 2017-06-22 | 2017-06-22 | A kind of preparation method of insulated fire construction material |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710479789.7A CN107265976A (en) | 2017-06-22 | 2017-06-22 | A kind of preparation method of insulated fire construction material |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN107265976A true CN107265976A (en) | 2017-10-20 |
Family
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| CN201710479789.7A Withdrawn CN107265976A (en) | 2017-06-22 | 2017-06-22 | A kind of preparation method of insulated fire construction material |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109836714A (en) * | 2019-02-26 | 2019-06-04 | 广西鼎康科技股份有限公司 | A kind of diatomite insulation board and preparation method thereof with flameproof effect |
| CN110000920A (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2019-07-12 | 河北创天新型材料科技有限公司 | A kind of manufacture craft and structure of load-bearing board wall |
| CN110527203A (en) * | 2018-05-23 | 2019-12-03 | 济南巨鑫包装制品有限公司 | A kind of polymerization granular polystyrene inorganic composite heat-preserving plate and preparation method thereof |
| CN114133167A (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2022-03-04 | 甘肃坤远节能环保科技发展有限公司 | Preparation method for preparing high-flame-retardant capsule type heat-insulating fireproof material by using vacuum impregnation technology |
| US11434334B2 (en) | 2019-12-31 | 2022-09-06 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Composite material and foam prepared from the same |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1970501A (en) * | 2006-11-29 | 2007-05-30 | 建盈(广州番禺)塑料五金实业有限公司 | A novel heat preservation fireproofing material |
| CN102046560A (en) * | 2008-05-27 | 2011-05-04 | 陶氏康宁公司 | Gypsum materials |
| CN104628347A (en) * | 2013-11-12 | 2015-05-20 | 青岛青工建筑机械有限公司 | Light-weight high-strength heat-insulation fireproof building material |
| CN106146029A (en) * | 2016-07-01 | 2016-11-23 | 卓达新材料科技集团威海股份有限公司 | A kind of self-heat conserving fire-proof construction material |
-
2017
- 2017-06-22 CN CN201710479789.7A patent/CN107265976A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1970501A (en) * | 2006-11-29 | 2007-05-30 | 建盈(广州番禺)塑料五金实业有限公司 | A novel heat preservation fireproofing material |
| CN102046560A (en) * | 2008-05-27 | 2011-05-04 | 陶氏康宁公司 | Gypsum materials |
| CN104628347A (en) * | 2013-11-12 | 2015-05-20 | 青岛青工建筑机械有限公司 | Light-weight high-strength heat-insulation fireproof building material |
| CN106146029A (en) * | 2016-07-01 | 2016-11-23 | 卓达新材料科技集团威海股份有限公司 | A kind of self-heat conserving fire-proof construction material |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110527203A (en) * | 2018-05-23 | 2019-12-03 | 济南巨鑫包装制品有限公司 | A kind of polymerization granular polystyrene inorganic composite heat-preserving plate and preparation method thereof |
| CN109836714A (en) * | 2019-02-26 | 2019-06-04 | 广西鼎康科技股份有限公司 | A kind of diatomite insulation board and preparation method thereof with flameproof effect |
| CN110000920A (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2019-07-12 | 河北创天新型材料科技有限公司 | A kind of manufacture craft and structure of load-bearing board wall |
| US11434334B2 (en) | 2019-12-31 | 2022-09-06 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Composite material and foam prepared from the same |
| CN114133167A (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2022-03-04 | 甘肃坤远节能环保科技发展有限公司 | Preparation method for preparing high-flame-retardant capsule type heat-insulating fireproof material by using vacuum impregnation technology |
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Application publication date: 20171020 |