CN107262745A - The dynamic adjusting device and dynamic adjusting method of a kind of machine tool mainshaft bearing pretightning force - Google Patents
The dynamic adjusting device and dynamic adjusting method of a kind of machine tool mainshaft bearing pretightning force Download PDFInfo
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- CN107262745A CN107262745A CN201710527053.2A CN201710527053A CN107262745A CN 107262745 A CN107262745 A CN 107262745A CN 201710527053 A CN201710527053 A CN 201710527053A CN 107262745 A CN107262745 A CN 107262745A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
- B23Q1/70—Stationary or movable members for carrying working-spindles for attachment of tools or work
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/10—Geometric CAD
- G06F30/17—Mechanical parametric or variational design
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2119/00—Details relating to the type or aim of the analysis or the optimisation
- G06F2119/06—Power analysis or power optimisation
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Abstract
The dynamic adjusting device and dynamic adjusting method of a kind of machine tool mainshaft bearing pretightning force of the present invention.The device includes force snesor, fixed component, electromagnet, bushing, moving parts, end cap, pad, level pressure preloading spring and support block;The fixed component is connected with main shaft;The support block is connected with main shaft;The electromagnet is fixedly connected with bushing, forms assembly;It is described it is bushing be nested on main shaft, and be connected with fixed component;The pad is arranged on rear bearing outer ring;Between the moving parts is inserted into support block and is bushing, two surfaces are respectively with support block and bushing contacting;The level pressure preloading spring passes through the through hole of fixed component, and one end is contacted with pad, and the other end is contacted with moving parts;The end cap is connected with housing;The force snesor is arranged on rear bearing outer ring, is contacted with pad.This method need to only control the size of electromagnet coil power electric current, it is possible to change the size of electromagnetic force, and final realize is dynamically adapted bearing pre-fastening.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to testing performance of main shaft of machine tool field, the dynamic adjustment of specifically a kind of machine tool mainshaft bearing pretightning force
Device and dynamic adjusting method.
Background technology
The static characteristic, thermodynamic behaviour and dynamics that the pretightning force of machine tool mainshaft bearing directly affects axis system are special
Property.In order to improve the rigidity and running accuracy grade of axis system, it is necessary to apply initial pretightning force reduce rolling bearing it is big between
Vibration and noise caused by gap;But, when improving rolling bearing rigidity by increasing pretightning force, ball and interior outside track
High contact can make oil film breakdown and cause seizure, so that bearing life is reduced, particularly when main shaft rotates at a high speed, due to
The influence of centrifugal force and heating functioin, Bearing inner load increased dramatically, and excessive pretightning force can shorten the life-span of bearing.Cause
How this, in actual moving process, quickly and accurately dynamically adjust main shaft bearing pretightning force size particularly according to working condition
It is important.
At present, mainly have to the method that main shaft bearing pretightning force is adjusted:Using hydraulic means regulation pretightning force, utilize centrifugation
Device adjusts pretightning force and utilizes adjustable mechanical structure (regulating bolt) regulation pretightning force etc..Hydraulic adjustment device structure is answered
Miscellaneous, cost is high, and the integrated and connection of the device and axis system is more difficult in actual installation, and hydraulic system is in reality
The problems such as easily occurring fluid leakage in use.Adjusted using flexible member (elastic force ring) in the case where main shaft runs at high speed centrifugal action
Bearing pre-fastening, can in real time be adjusted with rotation speed change, simple in construction, but this method is difficult accurate control, pretightning force
Degree of regulation is low.
Application number 201510352514.8 discloses adjustable constant pressure preloading device outside a kind of electro spindle, including housing, axle
Hold supporting system and pretension regulating system;Bearing support system is by bearing, internal space ring and external space ring, bearing block, linear bearing, fastening bolt
Deng composition;Pretension regulating system is made up of spring stop, bolt, connecting plate, regulating bolt;Spring stop is arranged in housing
Portion, spring stop ear is bolt-connected on connecting plate, and regulating bolt stretches out electro spindle bonnet by connecting plate mesopore;Work
Change active force of the contained spring baffle plate to spring by rotating regulating bolt when making, so that regulation is applied to the pre- of bearing in real time
Clamp force.This method structure design is simple, it is to avoid external hydraulic regulating device, practical, but this method can only be by warp
Whether suitable test pretightning force under qualitative judgement specific operation.
The content of the invention
In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the technical problem that the present invention is intended to solve is to provide a kind of machine tool mainshaft bearing pretension
The dynamic adjusting device and dynamic adjusting method of power.This method need to only control the size of electromagnet external coil electrical current, just
The size of electromagnetic force can be changed, final realize is dynamically adapted bearing pre-fastening, main shaft is being continuously finished a series of low speed
During the small torque cutting movement of big torque cutting movement and high-speed high-power, axle is improved as far as possible in the range of the license of high regime temperature
Hold pretightning force, the fatigue life of bearing must be considered in low speed segment, effectively reduce Bearing inner heating, improve main shaft running accuracy and
Life-span.
The present invention solves the problems, such as that the technical scheme of described device is to provide a kind of dynamic tune of machine tool mainshaft bearing pretightning force
Engagement positions, axis system includes main shaft, inner sleeve, outer sleeve, housing, fore bearing and rear bearing;The fore bearing and rear bearing
Be arranged on face-to-face in the middle part of main shaft in the same direction, inner sleeve and outer sleeve are arranged between fore bearing and rear bearing, inner sleeve respectively with
The inner ring contact of fore bearing and rear bearing, outer ring of the outer sleeve respectively with fore bearing and rear bearing is contacted;Fore bearing and rear bearing
The shaft shoulder fixed with housing;It is characterized in that the device include force snesor, fixed component, electromagnet, bushing, moving parts,
End cap, pad, level pressure preloading spring and support block;
The fixed component is connected with main shaft, there is gap between fixed component and housing;The support block connects with main shaft
Connect;The electromagnet is fixedly connected with bushing, forms assembly;It is described it is bushing be nested on main shaft, and be connected with fixed component;
The pad is arranged on rear bearing outer ring;Between the moving parts is inserted into support block and is bushing, two surfaces respectively with branch
Bracer and bushing contact, moving parts can be moved axially along main shaft, and the bushing other end is moving parts to close to rear bearing
The extreme position of direction motion;The level pressure preloading spring passes through the through hole of fixed component, and one end contacts with pad, the other end and
Moving parts is contacted;The end cap is connected with housing, is the extreme position that moving parts is moved along remote bearing direction;The power
Sensor is arranged on rear bearing outer ring, is contacted with pad.
The present invention solves the problems, such as that the technical scheme of methods described is to provide a kind of dynamic tune of machine tool mainshaft bearing pretightning force
Adjusting method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1) fixed component is installed on main shaft, fixed component is closely connected with main shaft;
(2) support block is closely connected with main shaft, it is ensured that do not slide;
(3) by electromagnet and bushing close connection, form assembly, then assembly be nested on main shaft, when it is bushing with
When fixed component is contacted, spin combination makes the screw thread on the screw thread on bushing one end and the neck of fixed component closely connect,
After tightening, there is gap between assembly and housing, and it is contour with fixed component;
(4) level pressure preloading spring is put into the through hole of fixed component, one end of level pressure preloading spring is contacted with pad, it is fixed
The other end of pressure preloading spring leaves surplus;
(5) by moving parts from support block and it is bushing between gap insert, it is ensured that moving parts and level pressure preloading spring
Contact, moving parts can be moved axially along main shaft, and the bushing other end is the pole that moving parts is moved to close rear bearing direction
Extreme position;
(6) end cap is screwed on, end cap is with housing using being threadedly coupled, and end cap is that moving parts is moved to away from rear bearing direction
Extreme position;
(7) after installation, according to formula 1, pretightning force is calculated;
In formula:KrIt is bearing rigidity, Z is bearing roller number, DbIt is bearing roller diameter, α is angular contact ball bearing
Contact angle, FαIt is bearing pre-fastening;
(8) according to the pretightning force size calculated, the size for the electric current needed for drawing that converted by formula 2 gives electromagnetism iron wire
Circle is powered, and electromagnet produces attraction, and moving parts compresses level pressure preloading spring, and pretightning force is passed to pad by level pressure preloading spring
Piece, force snesor is measured to current pretightning force, and shows the size of current pretightning force in real time, realizes dynamic adjustment;
In formula:FαIt is bearing pre-fastening, B is magnetic induction intensity, μ0It is permeability of free space, S is pole face area, and N is
Coil turn, I is coil electricity electric current, and g is air gap.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
(1) size of electromagnet external coil electrical current need to only be controlled, it is possible to change the size of electromagnetic force, it is final real
Bearing pre-fastening is now dynamically adapted, main shaft is being continuously finished a series of low speed high torque cutting movements and high-speed high-power is small
During torque cutting movement, bearing pre-fastening is improved as far as possible in the range of the license of high regime temperature, bearing must be considered in low speed segment
Fatigue life, effectively reduce Bearing inner heating, improve main shaft running accuracy and life-span;
(2) because size of current is understood, bearing pre-fastening size and the relation of electric current can be accurately obtained, so as to realize pair
Bearing pre-fastening is precisely controlled;
(3) device such as fixed component, moving parts and electromagnet core component all integrated installations are inside device, with master
Axle system is completely embedded, it is to avoid the connection of hydraulic pressure class device is difficult and the problem of liquid leakage;
(4) substitute hand operating mechanism structure to adjust bearing pre-fastening by control electric current size, force snesor is shown
The size of the pretightning force of application, it is to avoid rely only on the experience of operator to judge whether specific operation lower bearing pretightning force closes
It is suitable;
(5) because electromagnetic induction response is sensitive, the device can quickly change the size of the pretightning force of application, can be in processing
During dynamic adjustment is made to bearing pre-fastening;
(6) apparatus structure is simple, is easy to operation, practical, it is to avoid the complicated composition of the device such as hydraulic system.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the dynamic adjusting device and a kind of embodiment of dynamic adjusting method of machine tool mainshaft bearing pretightning force of the present invention
Device overall structure diagram;
Fig. 2 is that the dynamic adjusting device of machine tool mainshaft bearing pretightning force of the present invention and dynamic adjusting method Fig. 1 part are put
Big figure;
Fig. 3 is the dynamic adjusting device of machine tool mainshaft bearing pretightning force of the present invention and dynamic adjusting method Fig. 2 A-A directions
Sectional view;(in figure:1st, main shaft;2nd, inner sleeve;3rd, outer sleeve;4th, housing;5th, force snesor;6th, fixed component;7th, electromagnetism
Iron;8th, it is bushing;9th, moving parts;10th, fore bearing;11st, rear bearing;12nd, end cap;13rd, pad;14th, level pressure preloading spring;15、
Bearing outer ring afterwards;16th, rear bearing inner race;17th, bearing roller;18th, support block)
Embodiment
The specific embodiment of the present invention is given below.Specific embodiment is only used for that the present invention is further described, and does not limit
The application scope of the claims processed.
The invention provides a kind of dynamic adjusting device of machine tool mainshaft bearing pretightning force (referring to Fig. 1-3, abbreviation device),
Axis system includes main shaft 1, inner sleeve 2, outer sleeve 3, housing 4, fore bearing 10 and rear bearing 11;The fore bearing 10 and rear axle
It is a pair of angular contact ball bearings to hold 11, is arranged on the middle part of main shaft 1 face-to-face in the same direction, and inner sleeve 2 and outer sleeve 3 are arranged on fore bearing
Between 10 and rear bearing 11, inner ring of the inner sleeve 2 respectively with fore bearing 10 and rear bearing 11 is contacted, outer sleeve 3 respectively with front axle
The outer ring contact of 10 and rear bearing 11 is held, protection main shaft 1 is positioned to fore bearing 10 with rear bearing 11 simultaneously;Fore bearing 10 with
The shaft shoulder of bearing 11 is fixed with housing 4 afterwards;It is characterized in that the device includes force snesor 5, fixed component 6, electromagnet 7, edge
Set 8, moving parts 9, end cap 12, pad 13, level pressure preloading spring 14 and support block 18;
The fixed component 6 is connected with main shaft 1, is not slided, and there is gap between fixed component 6 and housing 4;It is described
Support block 18 is connected with main shaft 1, is not slided;The electromagnet 7 is fixedly connected with bushing 8, forms assembly;It is described bushing
8 are nested on main shaft 1, and are connected by screw thread with fixed component 6, for compensating between moving parts 9 and electromagnet 7 because of abrasion
Caused scale error, and protection is played a part of to main shaft 1;There is gap between the assembly and housing 4, and with fixation
Part 6 is contour;The pad 13 is arranged on rear bearing outer ring 15, is arrived for load transmission that level pressure preloading spring 14 is produced
Afterwards on bearing 11;The moving parts 9 is inserted between support block 18 and bushing 8, two surfaces respectively with support block 18 and bushing 8
Contact, moving parts 9 can move axially along main shaft 1, and bushing 8 other end is moving parts 9 to close to the rear direction of bearing 11
The extreme position of motion;The level pressure preloading spring 14 passes through the through hole of fixed component 6, and one end is contacted with pad 13, the other end
Contacted with moving parts 9, for the rear imposed load of bearing 11;The decrement of level pressure preloading spring 14 is moving parts 9 and pad
The variable quantity of distance between piece 13;The end cap 12 is connected through a screw thread with housing 4, for being positioned to moving parts 9, is
The extreme position that moving parts 9 is moved along remote bearing direction;The force snesor 5 is arranged on rear bearing outer ring 15, with pad
Piece 13 is contacted, for measuring the size of pretightning force.
The electromagnet 7 after having coil, energization outside around producing electromagnetic force;The moving parts 9 is ferromagnetics, can be electric
Magnet 7 magnetizes, and can axially move by electromagnetic force.
Invention also provides a kind of dynamic adjusting method of machine tool mainshaft bearing pretightning force, it is characterised in that including with
Lower step:
(1) fixed component 6 is installed on main shaft 1, it is ensured that fixed component 6 is closely connected with main shaft 1, after installing,
There is gap between fixed component 6 and housing 4;
(2) support block 18 is closely connected with main shaft 1, it is ensured that do not slide;
(3) electromagnet 7 is closely connected with bushing 8, forms assembly, then assembly is nested on main shaft 1, and slowly
Push-in, when bushing 8 contact with fixed component 6, slow spin combination makes the screw thread and fixed component 6 on bushing 8 one end
Screw thread on neck is closely connected, after tightening, and has gap between assembly and housing 4, and contour with fixed component 6;
(4) it will be passed through in gap of the level pressure preloading spring 14 between support block 18 and bushing 8, and be put into fixed component 6
Through hole in, one end of level pressure preloading spring 14 is contacted with the pad 13 on the rear bearing outer ring 15, it is ensured that can be power
Rear bearing outer ring 15 is passed to, the other end of level pressure preloading spring 14 leaves 5mm or so surplus;
(5) moving parts 9 is inserted from the gap between support block 18 and bushing 8, adjustment position, it is ensured that moving parts 9
Contacted with level pressure preloading spring 14, but not clamping, moving parts 9 can be moved axially along main shaft 1, bushing 8 other end is to move
The extreme position that dynamic component 9 is moved to the close rear direction of bearing 11;
(6) end cap 12 is screwed on, end cap 12 is with housing 4 using being threadedly coupled, and end cap 12 is moving parts 9 to away from rear bearing
The extreme position of 11 directions motion;
(7) after installation, according to machining materials parameter, duty parameter and machine tool parameter, bearing load is estimated
And bearing rigidity, according to formula 1, calculate pretightning force;
In formula:KrIt is bearing rigidity, Z is bearing roller number, DbIt is bearing roller diameter, α is angular contact ball bearing
Contact angle, FαIt is bearing pre-fastening;
(8) according to the pretightning force size calculated, the size for the electric current needed for drawing that converted by formula 2 gives the line of electromagnet 7
Circle is powered, and electromagnet 7 produces attraction, and moving parts 9 compresses level pressure preloading spring 14, and level pressure preloading spring 14 passes pretightning force
Pad 13 is passed, the current pretightning force of 5 pairs of force snesor is measured, and show the size of current pretightning force in real time, realize dynamic
Adjustment;
In formula:FαIt is bearing pre-fastening, B is magnetic induction intensity (unit is tesla), μ0It is permeability of free space, S is
Pole face area, N is coil turn, and I is coil electricity electric current, and g is air gap.
The dynamic adjusting device of machine tool mainshaft bearing pretightning force of the present invention and operation principle and the work of dynamic adjusting method
Flow is:Electric current is passed through to electromagnet 7 first, allows moving parts 9 to compress level pressure preloading spring 14, occurs rear bearing 11 small
Displacement, if rear bearing 11 is not subjected to displacement, needs to increase electrical current, increases the pressure of level pressure preloading spring 14,
It should be noted that increased current amplitude can not be excessive every time during increasing electric current, electrical current should be increased by a small margin, make rear axle
11 slow movements are held, one is to prevent the rear displacement of bearing 11 excessive, and two be to prevent rear bearing outer ring 15, rear bearing inner race 16 and bearing
It is excessive and occur bearing seizure phenomenon due to undertaking load between rolling element 17.When the radial and axial vibration aggravation of main shaft 1, machine
Machining accuracy is reduced, and illustrates bearing in the presence of external applied load, and rear bearing outer ring 15 and rear bearing inner race 16 there occurs relative shifting
It is dynamic, there is gap, it is necessary to increase bearing pre-fastening, according to formula 2, as long as increasing the electrical current of the external coil of electromagnet 7, just
Bearing pre-fastening can be increased;When heavy wear occurs for bearing, cause caloric value to increase severely, illustrate that pretightning force is excessive, more than reasonable
Pretension amount, it is necessary to reduce bearing pre-fastening, likewise, according to formula 2, as long as reducing the energization electricity of the external coil of electromagnet 7
Stream, it is possible to reduce bearing pre-fastening.
The present invention does not address part and is applied to prior art.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of dynamic adjusting device of machine tool mainshaft bearing pretightning force, axis system includes main shaft, inner sleeve, outer sleeve, shell
Body, fore bearing and rear bearing;The fore bearing and rear bearing are arranged in the middle part of main shaft face-to-face in the same direction, inner sleeve and outer sleeve peace
Between fore bearing and rear bearing, inner ring of the inner sleeve respectively with fore bearing and rear bearing is contacted, outer sleeve respectively with front axle
Hold the outer ring contact with rear bearing;The shaft shoulder of fore bearing and rear bearing is fixed with housing;It is characterized in that the device is passed including power
Sensor, fixed component, electromagnet, bushing, moving parts, end cap, pad, level pressure preloading spring and support block;
The fixed component is connected with main shaft, there is gap between fixed component and housing;The support block is connected with main shaft;Institute
State electromagnet to be fixedly connected with bushing, form assembly;It is described it is bushing be nested on main shaft, and be connected with fixed component;It is described
Pad is arranged on rear bearing outer ring;Between the moving parts is inserted into support block and is bushing, two surfaces respectively with support block
With bushing contact, moving parts can be moved axially along main shaft, and the bushing other end is moving parts to close to rear bearing direction
The extreme position of motion;The level pressure preloading spring passes through the through hole of fixed component, and one end is contacted with pad, the other end and movement
Component contact;The end cap is connected with housing, is the extreme position that moving parts is moved along remote bearing direction;The power sensing
Device is arranged on rear bearing outer ring, is contacted with pad.
2. the dynamic adjusting device of machine tool mainshaft bearing pretightning force according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the combination
There is gap between body and housing, and it is contour with fixed component.
3. the dynamic adjusting device of machine tool mainshaft bearing pretightning force according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the movement
Part is ferromagnetics.
4. a kind of dynamic adjusting method of machine tool mainshaft bearing pretightning force, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
(1) fixed component is installed on main shaft, fixed component is closely connected with main shaft;
(2) support block is closely connected with main shaft, it is ensured that do not slide;
(3) by electromagnet and bushing close connection, assembly is formed, then assembly is nested on main shaft, when bushing with fixing
During component contact, spin combination makes the screw thread on the screw thread on bushing one end and the neck of fixed component closely connect, tightened
Afterwards, there is gap between assembly and housing, and it is contour with fixed component;
(4) level pressure preloading spring is put into the through hole of fixed component, one end of level pressure preloading spring is contacted with pad, and level pressure is pre-
The other end of tight spring leaves surplus;
(5) by moving parts from support block and it is bushing between gap insert, it is ensured that moving parts is contacted with level pressure preloading spring,
Moving parts can be moved axially along main shaft, and the bushing other end is the limit position that moving parts is moved to close rear bearing direction
Put;
(6) end cap is screwed on, end cap is with housing using being threadedly coupled, and end cap is the pole that moving parts is moved to remote rear bearing direction
Extreme position;
(7) after installation, according to formula 1, pretightning force is calculated;
In formula:KrIt is bearing rigidity, Z is bearing roller number, DbIt is bearing roller diameter, α is connecing for angular contact ball bearing
Feeler, FαIt is bearing pre-fastening;
(8) according to the pretightning force size calculated, the size for the electric current needed for drawing that converted by formula 2 is logical to electromagnet coil
Electricity, electromagnet produces attraction, and moving parts compresses level pressure preloading spring, and pretightning force is passed to pad by level pressure preloading spring,
Force snesor is measured to current pretightning force, and shows the size of current pretightning force in real time, realizes dynamic adjustment;
In formula:FαIt is bearing pre-fastening, B is magnetic induction intensity, μ0It is permeability of free space, S is pole face area, and N is coil
The number of turn, I is coil electricity electric current, and g is air gap.
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