CN107249597A - 使用d‑核糖增强对躯体应激的适应性 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了通过施用D‑核糖来改善对躯体应激的适应性的方法以及施用D‑核糖以改善对体育运动的适应性的方法。
Description
背景技术
躯体应激(physical stress)(如繁重的工作或新的运动方式)会导致组织劳损或损伤。这些劳损或损伤引发组织发生变化，即称为身体适应的过程。开始新的运动计划时，生理适应几乎立即开始发生。这对于成功的训练和最终的体能表现非常重要。特别是对于初学者或者不适合或不进行定期运动的人，身体适应可能是一个漫长的痛苦的过程，这可能导致很高的中途退出率。因此，对不适合的个体而言，对运动的身体适应更是一个挑战。因此，希望找到一种减轻与开始新的运动计划相关的疼痛并增强对躯体应激的适应性的方法。
通过实验，已经发现D-核糖可增强对体育运动的适应性。
附图说明
图1示出了运动后自感用力度(rate of perceived exertion)的条形图。
发明内容
将高强度运动方案设计为双盲交叉研究以评估D-核糖在对躯体应激的适应性方面的影响。具体地，向不同的个体以每天10克(10g/天)的剂量施用D-核糖和对照(右旋葡萄糖)。测量施用D-核糖(DR)补剂的个体(即DR个体)与施用右旋葡萄糖(DEX)补剂的个体(即DEX个体)的各种生理参数。
研究方法论
个体由二十六(26)名健康个体(10名女性、16名男性)组成。每个个体被随机分类为DR个体或DEX个体以施用补剂。此外，要求每个个体在研究过程中保持正常的饮食并进行正常的日常活动，而不进行任何其他单独的、不属于本研究方案的运动环节(exercisesession)。
为了测试D-核糖对适应性的作用，根据个体的体质水平(即最大摄氧量(VO2max))结果将二十六(26)名成人个体进一步分为两个亚组，第一个亚组包括最大摄氧量结果较高的个体(即“健康亚组”)，第二个亚组包括最大摄氧量结果较低的个体(即“不健康亚组”)。不健康亚组由六(6)名女性和七(7)名男性组成。不健康亚组的平均年龄为27.7±3.4岁，不健康亚组的平均最大摄氧量为39.9±4.1mL/kg/min。健康亚组由四(4)名女性和九(9)名男性组成，健康亚组的平均年龄为27.6±3.5岁，健康亚组的平均最大摄氧量为52.2±4.3mL/kg/min。
在加载日(load day)(即，运动环节之前两天)，DR个体午餐时摄入与其食物或自选饮料混合的五克(5g)DR，并在晚餐时再摄入5克(5g)(即间隔3-8小时)，而DEX个体午餐时摄入与其食物或自选饮料混合的5克(5g)DEX，并在晚餐时再摄入5克(5g)(即间隔3-8小时)。
在运动环节日(即加载日后三(3)天)，DR个体在运动环节前两(2)小时摄取含有5克(5g)DR的标准化运动前零食，并在运动环节后但离开实验室之前(即在运动后1小时内)摄取5克(5g)DR，DEX个体在运动环节前两(2)小时摄取含有5克(5g)DEX的标准化运动前零食，并在运动环节后但离开实验室之前(即在运动后1小时内)摄取5克(5g)DEX。对于DR个体和DEX个体，标准化零食是自选的，但是以个体的正常饮食习惯为基础。这些零食天天都一致，由一百七十克(170g)酸奶和两个格兰诺拉燕麦卷以及指定的补充剂(supplement)组成。在整个测试期间要求个体记录他们的饮食以保持一致。运动环节之后，每名个体在离开实验室前摄取最后的每日五克(5g)剂量。个体在运动二十(20)分钟和运动四十(40)分钟时还摄取了二百毫升水(200ml)，以尽量减少高强度运动期间发生的脱水的影响。
双盲交叉研究的方案包括初始基线评估，和其后的、在摄入DR或DEX补充剂之后进行的两次单独的日评估。每个运动环节都需要测量肌酸激酶(CK)、血尿素氮(BUN)、葡萄糖、心率(HR)、自感用力度(RPE)和力量输出(power output，PO)。
实验设计
测试前(基线)评估
在每个个体首次访问实验室期间，对个体进行了最大摄氧量和血液乳酸评估，并使用自行车测力计进行了两分钟力量测试评估。最初使用自行车测力计，每个个体以1千克(1kg)的阻力和自选的踏蹬频率完成了五分钟的热身运动。然后骑行阻力以每四分钟间隔0.5千克(0.5kg/4min)的速率增加，直至意志疲惫。在每个阶段的三分三十秒(3’30”)标记和四分钟(4’)标记处采集心率(HR)、摄氧量(VO2)和血液乳酸样品。该评估确立了随后两(2)个治疗环节的运动工作负荷。
治疗评估
将每个个体随机分配为DR个体(以施用DR补剂)或DEX个体(以施用DEX补剂)。除了向个体提供并被个体摄取的补剂外，治疗方案是相同的。具体治疗方案(即补剂的服用和运动环节)详见下表1：
表1
治疗方案
| 天 | 进行的活动 |
| 1 | 2×5g的治疗剂量的补充剂(DR或DEX)；无运动环节 |
| 2 | 2×5g的治疗剂量的补充剂(DR或DEX)；无运动环节 |
| 3 | 2×5g的治疗剂量的补充剂(DR或DEX)+1个运动环节 |
| 4 | 2×5g的治疗剂量的补充剂(DR或DEX)+1个运动环节 |
| 5 | 2×5g的治疗剂量的补充剂(DR或DEX)+1个运动环节 |
每个运动环节由在自行车测力计上进行的六(6)次十分钟的运动间隔组成。在每个十分钟的间隔期间，个体在其最大摄氧量的大约60％的工作负荷下骑自行车八(8)分钟，然后立即在最大摄氧量的大约80％的工作负荷(大致为高于个体的计算的乳酸阈值的工作负荷)下再骑自行车两(2)分钟。在每个运动环节期间以10分钟的间隔监测踏蹬频率和力量输出。在六十分钟的运动环节结束时，每个个体完成两分钟的表现性任务(performancetask)(计时测验)。该表现性任务要求个体在两分钟的时间间隔内产生尽可能多的力量(power)。在这个两分钟的计时测验中评估了峰值力量、平均力量和下降百分比。表现性任务的工作负荷设定为个体体重的百分之五(5％)。
测量生理参数，并且在运动环节期间向个体供水(hydration)。对于DR个体和DEX个体都遵循相同的测试方案和供水方案。在以下时间段通过静脉穿刺技术从每个个体抽取血液样品：
·运动开始前十(10)分钟；
·运动开始后二十(20)分钟以及运动期间；
·运动开始后四十(40)分钟以及运动期间；
·运动开始后六十(60)分钟以及运动期间；和
·运动结束后二十四(24)小时(运动开始后二十五(25)小时)。
除了在运动后二十四(24)小时之外，在所有上述时间点测量血糖。在三(3)天运动期间在运动前(-10分钟)的时间点以及第三次(最后一次)运动环节后的运动后二十四(24)小时测量肌酸激酶和BUN水平。
使用柏格1-10度量表(Borg 1-10scale)在运动期间每二十(20)分钟记录“自感用力度”(RPE)。用李克特量表(0-10分)主观评估股四头肌肌肉酸痛、总体疲劳、食欲、自觉表现(perceived performance)和睡眠质量。这些量表在每个运动环节之前和之后完成。
治疗测试和供水方案总结在下表2中：
表2
测试和供水方案
*“X”表示进行了测量或执行了活动(即供水)；“--”表示未进行测量或未执行活动。
**表示六十分钟运动环节的开始。
仪器评估
使用Polar HR监测器记录心率。使用拜耳葡萄糖监测器测量血糖水平。血液乳酸水平用AccuSport乳酸分析仪测量。使用Abaxis Piccolo分析仪测量肌酸激酶和BUN。使用运动医学工业(SMI)软件包评估来自计时测验性能测试的力量数据。
统计分析
用StatPac和SPSS统计软件分析所有表格数据，使用双向方差分析，双向方差分析以重复测量、时间和治疗作为独立变量。如果观察到显著的交互作用，则使用图基事后检验(Turkey's post hoc test)以区分方法(means)。心率、RPE、血清乳酸水平、血清CK水平、血清BUN水平和测得的力量数据均为因变量。α的显著性水平设定为p<0.05。
结果
所有二十六(26)个个体均完成了研究，没有任何不良事件发生。DR个体和DEX个体认可其各自的补充剂而没有任何主观的投诉或问题。因为没有交互，数据呈现为主要效果。
如下表3所示，建立不健康亚组和健康亚组：
表3
基于表现数据*的不健康/健康亚组分类
*数据是平均值±标准偏差
**平均力量反映了每次治疗的第1天和第3天之间的差异
***肌酸激酶水平，第1天至第3天
#DR与DEX之间的显著性
相对和绝对平均力量数据可以在下表4中找到：
表4
相对和绝对平均力量输出变化*
*平均值(+标准偏差)
**与右旋葡萄糖显著不同(p＝0.04)
***与右旋葡萄糖显著不同(p＝0.01)
在不健康亚组中，D-核糖摄取使得相对平均力量与DEX相比显著(p＝0.04)提高288％。对于该亚组，在DR和DEX之间绝对平均力量变化也存在245％(p＝0.01)的显著差异。对于该不健康亚组，发现DR和DEX之间在相对(p＝0.05)和绝对(p＝0.02)峰值力量输出方面存在显著差异。对于DR，从第1天到第3天的相对和绝对峰值力量的平均变化分别为0.33±0.52W/kg BW和26.8±40.8W，而对于DEX，其分别为-0.09+0.51W/kg BW和-10.8±33.0W。
对于健康亚组，DR治疗和DEX治疗在相对和绝对平均力量输出方面没有差异。对于健康亚组，没有观察到治疗之间在相对(p＝0.27)和绝对(p＝0.79)峰值力量方面的差异。对于DR，从第1天到第3天的相对和绝对峰值力量的平均变化分别为0.15±0.41W/kg BW和6.2±28.6W，而对于DEX，其分别为-0.02+0.37W/kg BW和3.31±25.8W。
对血清CK数据的分析表明，DR摄入导致不健康亚组的变化较小。与DEX治疗的121.4±110.2U(p＝0.03)的肌酸激酶水平相比，DR治疗的肌酸激酶水平平均升高37.1±85.2U。对于不健康亚组，未观察到DR治疗(0.93±2.66)和DEX(1.08±2.56)治疗在BUN水平的变化方面具有统计学差异(p＝0.88)。在健康亚组中，未观察到DR治疗和DEX治疗在CK和BUN水平变化方面的差异。如下表5所示，未观察到血糖的差异，并且在两个亚组中对于所有治疗而言血糖都保持稳定：
表5
运动期间的血糖水平*
*平均值(+SD)；以mM/L为单位的值。
在不健康亚组中没有发现两种治疗在HR方面的差异。DR试验的平均HR为152±20bpm，DEX试验的平均HR为153±17bpm。DR的RPE(13±2)显著低于(p＝0.003)DEX的RPE(14±2)。对于健康亚组，DR和DEX在平均HR和RPE方面没有差异，其数值为153±12bpm和14±2相对于153±12bpm和14±2。
如图1所示，在运动环节的所有测量点，DEX个体的平均自感用力度高于DR个体的平均自感用力度。
DR的潜在有益作用取决于运动的类型、强度和持续时间以及个体的体质水平。在高强度运动的整个过程评价口服DR或DEX的个体的表现。从第1天到第3天，与不健康亚组中的DEX个体相比，不健康亚组中的DR个体的平均力量和峰值力量显著增加。健康亚组中的DR个体和DEX个体维持平均力量和峰值力量。此外，DR个体的RPE显著低于DEX个体的RPE。
多种因素可以解释DR的益处，包括诸如CK水平、BUN水平和葡萄糖水平的血清化学标记的变化。例如，肌肉CK水平的差异可能通过显示CK水平的维持或缺乏来阐明细胞膜完整性的有益差异。在不健康亚组中，DEX治疗的从第1天到第3天的CK水平变化大约是DR治疗的三倍(3×)。
当以每天6克(6g/天)的较低剂量向个体施用DR时，也发现了类似的结果。在加载日(即运动环节前两(2)天)，午餐时将三克(3g)DR与他们的食物或自选饮料混合在一起，晚餐时将另外三克(3g)混合，在运动环节日(即加载日后三(3)天)，个体在运动环节两(2)小时前摄取含有三克(3g)DR的标准化运动前零食，并在运动环节后在运动环节后1小时内，摄入三克(3g)DR。
运送和利用氧气至锻炼的肌肉是评估健康和最大摄氧量水平的主要因素。分离较低最大摄氧量亚组和较高最大摄氧量亚组的数据显示在高强度运动期间DR的影响方面有显著差异。具体来说，与不健康亚组的DR个体相比，不健康亚组的DEX个体的CK水平显著增加了3倍以上，并且RPE更高。此外，在不健康亚组中，个体的力量测试输出提高了。这表明，即使在相对的基础上，没有一直在超过乳酸阈值水平进行运动的个体与按照强度更大的方案计划进行运动或训练的个体是不等同的。在不健康亚组中观察到的CK水平的升高似乎意味着，这些肌肉群的剧烈的无氧运动产生细胞应激，发生酶渗漏，这不仅可以影响细胞内环境稳定，而且还可以影响运动能力，并且由于主观症状而潜在地限制未来的预定运动时间。
总之，在三天的自行车运动中，D-核糖摄入比DEX导致更大的表现变化。更重要的是，当组被细分为不健康的组和健康的组时，组内的差异和组之间的差异被加强。不健康的(最大摄氧量较低的)组受益于DR摄入，并能够维持第二天的工作表现。生化分析显示，与DEX相比，DR摄取使肌肉损伤减少。因此，得出的结论是，D-核糖增强对躯体应激的适应性，最终导致更好的表现。
Claims (8)
1.一种增强人对体育运动的适应性的方法，其包括在体育运动时间之前口服D-核糖和在体育运动期间口服D-核糖，其中个体表现出改善的对体育运动的适应性。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述口服D-核糖为在体育运动时间之前每天服用约6-10克，在体育运动期间每天服用约6-10克D-核糖。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其中所述在体育运动时间之前口服D-核糖是在体育运动时间之前至少2天服用。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其中所述口服D-核糖包括在体育运动时间之前每天服用两次，每次约3-5克，以及在体育运动期间每天服用两次，每次约3-5克。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法，其中在运动时间之前每天服用两次，每次约3-5克D-核糖，间隔约3-8小时服用。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法，其中在体育运动期间的约3-5克D-核糖是在体育运动之前至少2小时和在体育运动后1小时内服用。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述人在体育运动期间具有较低的运动心率和较低的自感用力度。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述人具有低的最大摄氧量水平。
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| US20030212006A1 (en) * | 2002-05-13 | 2003-11-13 | Seifert John G. | Method for reducing free radical formation in healthy individuals undergoing hypoxic exercise and medical conditions with increased oxygen free radicals |
| CN101264093A (zh) * | 1998-06-19 | 2008-09-17 | 生物能公司 | 用于增加体内能量的组合物 |
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| CN101264093A (zh) * | 1998-06-19 | 2008-09-17 | 生物能公司 | 用于增加体内能量的组合物 |
| US20030212006A1 (en) * | 2002-05-13 | 2003-11-13 | Seifert John G. | Method for reducing free radical formation in healthy individuals undergoing hypoxic exercise and medical conditions with increased oxygen free radicals |
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| WO2016073532A1 (en) | 2016-05-12 |
| KR20170082568A (ko) | 2017-07-14 |
| EP3215162A1 (en) | 2017-09-13 |
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| CA2966628A1 (en) | 2016-05-12 |
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