CN107246307B - Control method of variable exhaust energy grading device of low-speed machine - Google Patents
Control method of variable exhaust energy grading device of low-speed machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN107246307B CN107246307B CN201710580554.7A CN201710580554A CN107246307B CN 107246307 B CN107246307 B CN 107246307B CN 201710580554 A CN201710580554 A CN 201710580554A CN 107246307 B CN107246307 B CN 107246307B
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- temperature exhaust
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- grading device
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N5/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting from exhaust energy
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/08—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Abstract
The invention aims to provide a control method of a variable exhaust energy grading device of a low-speed machine, which comprises basic hydraulic elements such as an oil tank, a filter, an energy accumulator, an overflow valve, a two-position three-way electromagnetic directional valve and the like, a single-action hydraulic cylinder, an energy grading device and a return spring. The single-acting hydraulic cylinder and the return spring are respectively positioned above and below the energy grading device, and the position of the parting shaft in the energy grading device is controlled, so that the switching of the high-temperature exhaust port and the low-temperature exhaust port is controlled. When the exhaust valve of the engine is opened, the system enters a high-temperature exhaust stage, when the high-temperature exhaust is finished, the piston of the hydraulic cylinder pushes the energy grading device to act, the system enters a low-temperature exhaust stage until the exhaust valve is closed, and after the exhaust valve is closed, the system is reset under the action of a reset spring. The switching time of the high-low temperature exhaust stage of the engine can be changed by changing the power-on and power-off time of the two-position three-way electromagnetic directional valve, so that variable exhaust energy grading is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a variable exhaust energy grading device of an engine and a control method thereof, in particular to a variable exhaust energy grading device of a low-speed engine and a control method thereof.
Background
The whole process of engine exhaust and charging fresh air or combustible mixture is called air exchange process. Without the scavenging process, the engine cannot be run continuously. The amount of air or air-fuel mixture charged into the cylinder per unit time is a factor that determines the amount of power output of the engine. Therefore, the air exchange process is an indispensable component in the working process of the engine and is an extremely important link for determining the power and the economy of the engine.
The two-stroke engine is an engine which completes one working cycle in two strokes of one turn of the crankshaft, and the engine does work once for every turn of the crankshaft. The two-stroke engine can make the intake and exhaust overlap period 70% -80% of the air change period, and the total continuous angle of air change process is much smaller than that of four-stroke engine. The two points show that the two-stroke engine has short air change time, and fresh charge and waste gas are mixed together for a long time, so that the air change quality is not high, the coefficient of residual waste gas is large, and a large amount of fresh charge is lost. The two-stroke engine starts to exhaust at 65-75 CA degrees before the bottom dead center, so the expansion work is basically stopped. This means that the effective power stroke is reduced, and the scavenging consumes more energy, so the effective thermal efficiency is obviously lower than that of the four-stroke engine, and the fuel consumption rate is higher. When the two-stroke engine operates under variable working conditions, the change of the air exchange process is large, and the two-stroke engine is easy to deviate from the optimized matching state, so that the performance of the two-stroke engine during variable working conditions is poor. The two-stroke gasoline engine has poor fuel economy and increased unburned HC emission because the fresh charge escapes during scavenging.
The performance characteristics show that although the number of work done per unit time of the two-stroke engine is doubled compared with that of the four-stroke engine, the power performance of the two-stroke engine is only increased by 50-70%. Generally, two-stroke low-speed diesel engines are mostly used for large ships and power plant units, and two-stroke gasoline engines are mostly used for motorcycles, motorboats and small general power machines which have high specific power requirements and compact structures. In recent years, two-stroke gasoline engines have made great progress, for example, technologies such as electric control fuel injection and direct injection in cylinders are adopted, so that the fuel economy and the emission performance of the two-stroke gasoline engines are greatly improved, and the application of the two-stroke gasoline engines in automobile engines is being expanded by some people.
The waste gas discharged from the cylinder at the initial stage of opening the exhaust valve of the two-stroke low-speed engine has high temperature and large flow, the available energy in the waste gas is sufficient, the discharged waste gas enters the high-temperature waste gas recovery cavity, is connected with the turbine to realize pressurization and then enters the scavenging box after air cooling, and the high-temperature high-energy waste gas is separated to effectively improve the working efficiency of the compressor and realize high pressurization; during the exhaust valve is close to and closes, the temperature of the direct-flow scavenging air discharged from the cylinder is lower, the flow is small, and the separated waste gas does not pass through the turbine and is connected into the scavenging box after being directly air-cooled. After the exhaust energy is classified according to the exhaust temperature change of different stages of the opening duration of the exhaust valve, the exhaust energy can be effectively utilized under the condition of not influencing the charge in the cylinder, the energy utilization rate of the exhaust gas is improved, and conditions are provided for subsequent energy utilization.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a low-speed engine exhaust energy grading device capable of separating engine exhaust according to different energy and a control method thereof.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows:
a variable exhaust energy grading device of a low-speed machine and a control method thereof are characterized in that: the variable exhaust energy grading device of the low-speed machine comprises a basic hydraulic element, a single-acting hydraulic cylinder, an antifriction ball system, an energy grading device and a return spring; the hydraulic element is connected with the control hydraulic cylinder, the upper end of the energy grading device is connected with the single-action hydraulic cylinder, and the lower end of the energy grading device is connected with the return spring.
The basic hydraulic components specifically include: the hydraulic control system comprises an oil tank, a filter, a hydraulic motor, an energy accumulator, an overflow valve and a two-position three-way electromagnetic directional valve.
The energy separation device specifically comprises: the original exhaust port, the separation shaft, the separation clapboard and the high-temperature exhaust port and the low-temperature exhaust port separated by the separation clapboard; the left cylinder body is connected with the original exhaust port through a bolt, and the left cylinder body and the right cylinder body are assembled through an assembling bolt; the high-temperature exhaust port and the low-temperature exhaust port are respectively connected with the high-temperature exhaust pipe and the low-temperature exhaust pipe through connecting bolts.
The separating shaft in the energy separating device is a shaft with a taper at one end, the tapered end is connected with a return spring, and the other end is connected with a hydraulic cylinder; the separating partition plate, the high-temperature exhaust port, the low-temperature exhaust port and the pipeline from the original exhaust port to the high-temperature exhaust port and the low-temperature exhaust port are arranged to be round, rectangular and the like according to requirements.
The antifriction ball system specifically includes: the antifriction ball system at least comprises 4 balls and 3 fixing bolts; the balls are uniformly arranged between the upper circular cover plate and the lower circular cover plate, and the bolts and the nuts are distributed between the two balls to fix the upper cover plate and the lower cover plate; the upper cover plate and the lower cover plate are respectively provided with a hemispherical groove, and the size of the hemispherical groove is slightly larger than that of the ball.
A variable exhaust energy grading device of a low-speed machine and a control method thereof are characterized in that: the time of the three-way electromagnetic directional valve gain and loss potential is controlled to enable the system to realize time-sharing multiplexing of exhaust, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) opening an exhaust valve to exhaust high-energy waste gas, wherein the two-position three-way electromagnetic valve is in a power-off state; low-pressure oil is introduced into the single-acting hydraulic cylinder, the spring is in an initial state, the separation partition plate in the exhaust energy grading device is in an initial state, the separation partition plate blocks the low-temperature exhaust port at the moment, and the system enters a high-temperature exhaust stage;
(2) when high-temperature exhaust is finished, the two three-way valves are electrified, high-pressure oil is introduced into the hydraulic cylinder, the separation shaft is pushed by the piston rod to compress the reset spring to move downwards until the separation partition plate blocks the high-temperature exhaust port, the low-temperature exhaust port is opened, and the system is in a low-temperature exhaust stage;
(3) when the engine exhaust valve is closed, ending the low-temperature exhaust phase; when the separation partition plate in the separation shaft is about to block the low-temperature exhaust port, the separation shaft has a taper section to act with the reset spring, so that the system is reset slowly; at the moment, the system is reset until the exhaust valve is opened next time, and the exhaust valve energy grading system enters the next cycle.
The two-position three-way electromagnetic directional valve specifically comprises: the power-on and power-off time of the two-position three-way electromagnetic directional valve is determined by the switching time of the high-low temperature exhaust stage under different conditions; the gain and loss of the two-position three-way electromagnetic directional valve control the conduction of oil pressure in the hydraulic cylinder, the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder controls the movement of the separating shaft, and the position of a separating partition plate in the separating shaft is adjusted through different crank angle positions; the valve lift curves at different crank angles correspond to the level curves of the directional control valve.
The invention has the advantages that: the separation device designed by the invention is simple to assemble and small in manufacturing difficulty; the energy grading system designed by the invention can realize full variability of waste gas energy grading, and the high-low temperature exhaust time of the engine can be changed only by changing the power-on and power-off phase of the two-position three-way electromagnetic valve; the energy grading device designed by the invention can separate the waste gas of the engine according to the energy grade, compared with the post-treatment of the waste gas of the engine, the waste gas with different grades separated according to the energy can be used for different purposes, and the utilization rate of the waste gas discharged by the engine is improved; the energy grading system designed by the invention has small friction loss; the energy classification system designed by the invention has low vibration noise.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an energy classification device;
FIG. 3 is a three-view illustration of a release shaft;
FIG. 4 is a top plan view of a friction reducing ball;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the assembly of the antifriction balls;
fig. 6 is a control timing chart of the solenoid valve.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in more detail by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
the low-speed machine exhaust energy separation system comprises basic hydraulic elements such as an oil tank 17, a filter 16, a hydraulic motor 15, an accumulator 13, an overflow valve 14, a two-position three-way electromagnetic directional valve 12 and the like, a single-acting hydraulic cylinder 11, an energy grading device and a return spring 5. The energy grading device comprises an original exhaust port 8, a separating shaft, a separating partition plate 6, a high-temperature exhaust port 4 and a low-temperature exhaust port 2 which are separated by the separating partition plate, a left cylinder body 7, a right cylinder body 3, an assembling bolt 10 for assembling the left cylinder body and the right cylinder body, a connecting bolt 1 for respectively connecting a high-temperature exhaust pipe and a low-temperature exhaust pipe at the high-temperature exhaust port 4 and the low-temperature exhaust port 2, and a ball system 9 for reducing friction.
The single-acting hydraulic cylinder is used for pushing the separating shaft and the separating partition plate in the separating device to move downwards at a specific moment, and the return spring 5 is used for returning the separating device after the exhaust valve is closed.
The time-sharing multiplexing of the high-temperature exhaust port 4 and the low-temperature exhaust port 2 is realized by adjusting the positions of the separating partition plates in different crank angle positions 6.
The separating partition plate in 6 can be set into a round partition plate, a rectangular partition plate and the like according to the shape of the original exhaust port 8 of the engine. The high-temperature exhaust port 4, the low-temperature exhaust port 2 and the pipeline from the original exhaust port 8 to the high-temperature exhaust port and the low-temperature exhaust port can be round, rectangular and the like as required.
According to the above described embodiment of the invention, the separating apparatus comprises at least one pair of balls 9 for reducing friction.
The separating shaft 6 in the invention is a shaft with a taper at one end, and can play a role of buffering in the system resetting stage.
The antifriction balls 9 in the invention are simple to assemble, and can replace the sliding friction of the shaft by the rolling friction of the balls, thereby effectively reducing the friction loss.
The anti-friction balls 9 of the present invention have a certain clearance between the balls 20 and the upper and lower circular cover plates 18 and 19 to ensure that the balls can rotate in any degree of freedom after assembly.
The antifriction balls 9 in the invention at least comprise 4 balls and 3 fixing bolts.
The invention can realize variable exhaust energy grading by changing the power-on and power-off time of the two-position three-way electromagnetic directional valve 12, and can realize the optimal exhaust energy grading aiming at different engine working conditions.
In this example the exhaust port is a rectangular exhaust port and the system is fitted with a pair of antifriction balls 9.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the fully variable exhaust energy grading system comprises a fuel tank 17, a filter 16, a hydraulic motor 15, an accumulator 13, an overflow valve 14, basic hydraulic components such as a two-position three-way electromagnetic directional valve 12, a single-acting hydraulic cylinder 11, an energy grading device and a return spring 5. The energy grading device comprises an original exhaust port 8, a separating shaft, a separating partition plate 6, a high-temperature exhaust port 4 and a low-temperature exhaust port 2 which are separated by the separating partition plate, a left cylinder body 7, a right cylinder body 3, an assembling bolt 10 for assembling the left cylinder body and the right cylinder body, a connecting bolt 1 for respectively connecting a high-temperature exhaust pipe and a low-temperature exhaust pipe at the high-temperature exhaust port 4 and the low-temperature exhaust port 2, and a ball system 9 for reducing friction.
As shown in fig. 4, the assembly of the antifriction ball system is schematically shown, and the antifriction ball is composed of an upper cover plate 1, a lower cover plate 2, a ball 3, a bolt 4 and a nut 5. The bolt and the nut are distributed between the two balls and used for fixing the upper cover plate and the lower cover plate, the upper cover plate and the lower cover plate are respectively provided with a hemispherical groove for placing the balls, and the size of the hemispherical groove is slightly larger than that of the balls, so that the balls can freely roll in the grooves.
As shown in fig. 5, in the plan view of the antifriction balls, the balls are closer to the central axis than the upper and lower circular cover plates, so that the separating shaft is in direct contact with the balls after being assembled, and in the process of the up-and-down movement of the separating shaft, the balls roll in the circular grooves of the upper and lower circular cover plates, the system is changed from the original sliding friction into rolling friction, the friction is reduced, the friction loss is reduced, and the system efficiency is improved.
As shown in fig. 6, in the initial stage of opening the exhaust valve, the energy of the exhaust gas is high, the system should be in the high temperature exhaust stage, at this time, the two-position three-way solenoid valve 12 is in the power-off state, the low pressure oil is introduced into the single-acting hydraulic cylinder 11, the spring 5 is in the initial state, the separation partition in the exhaust energy classification device is in the initial state, as shown in fig. 2, at this time, the separation partition blocks the low temperature exhaust port 2, and the system enters the high temperature exhaust stage.
When high-temperature exhaust is finished, the two-position three-way valve 12 is electrified, high-pressure oil is introduced into the hydraulic cylinder, the separation shaft 6 is pushed by the piston rod to compress the reset spring 5 to move downwards until the separation partition plate 6 blocks the high-temperature exhaust port 4, the low-temperature exhaust port 2 is opened, and the system is in a low-temperature exhaust stage.
When the exhaust valve of the engine is closed, the low-temperature exhaust stage is finished, the two-position three-way electromagnetic valve 12 is powered off, the hydraulic cylinder 11 is filled with low-pressure oil, the separating shaft 6 moves upwards under the elastic force of the return spring 5 at the moment, when the separating partition plate in the separating shaft 6 is about to block the low-temperature exhaust port 2, the upper end of the separating shaft 6 has certain taper, as shown in fig. 3, friction between the separating shaft 6 and the upper end ball 9 is increased, the speed of the separating shaft in resetting is reduced, the resetting impact of the separating partition plate is reduced, and the noise of the system is reduced. At the moment, the system is reset until the exhaust valve is opened next time, and the exhaust valve energy grading system enters the next cycle.
For the exhaust conditions of the engine under different working conditions, the difference of the switching moments of the high-temperature exhaust stage and the low-temperature exhaust stage under different working conditions can be realized by changing the power-on and power-off moments of the two-position three-way electromagnetic directional valve 12, the optimal exhaust energy classification is realized, and the utilization rate of waste gas is improved.
Claims (1)
1. A control method of a variable exhaust energy grading device of a low-speed machine comprises a basic hydraulic element, a single-acting hydraulic cylinder, an antifriction ball system, an energy grading device and a return spring; the upper end of the energy grading device is connected with the single-action hydraulic cylinder, and the lower end of the energy grading device is connected with the return spring; the separating shaft in the energy grading device is a shaft with a taper at one end, the tapered end is connected with the single-action hydraulic cylinder, and the other end is connected with the return spring; antifriction ball system be in between left cylinder body and the right cylinder body, be located the recess of left cylinder body and right cylinder body inside, antifriction ball system specifically includes: the antifriction ball system at least comprises 4 balls and 3 fixing bolts; the balls are uniformly arranged between the upper circular cover plate and the lower circular cover plate, and the bolts and the nuts are distributed between the two balls to fix the upper cover plate and the lower cover plate; the upper cover plate and the lower cover plate are respectively provided with a hemispherical groove, and the size of the hemispherical groove is slightly larger than that of the ball; a separation clapboard in the energy grading device is fixed on a separation shaft, the separation shaft is positioned between a left cylinder body and a right cylinder body in the energy grading device, and the separation shaft slides on balls in an antifriction ball system; the control method of the variable exhaust energy grading device of the low-speed engine comprises the following specific steps:
(1) when the low-speed machine starts to exhaust, the original exhaust port discharges high-energy waste gas, a two-position three-way electromagnetic reversing valve is arranged on a pipeline between the single-action hydraulic cylinder and the energy accumulator, and at the moment, the two-position three-way electromagnetic reversing valve is in a power-off state; low-pressure oil is introduced into the single-acting hydraulic cylinder, the spring is in an initial state, the separation partition plate in the exhaust energy grading device is in an initial state, the separation partition plate blocks the low-temperature exhaust port at the moment, and the system enters a high-temperature exhaust stage;
(2) when high-temperature exhaust is finished, the two-position three-way electromagnetic directional valve is electrified, high-pressure oil is introduced into the single-action hydraulic cylinder, the separation shaft is pushed by the piston rod to compress the reset spring to move downwards until the separation partition plate blocks the high-temperature exhaust port, the low-temperature exhaust port is opened, and the system is in a low-temperature exhaust stage;
(3) when the low-speed engine exhaust phase is finished, the low-temperature exhaust phase is finished; when the separation clapboard in the separation shaft is about to block the low-temperature exhaust port, the separation shaft has a taper section to act with the reset spring, so that the system is reset slowly; at the moment, the system is reset, and the exhaust valve energy grading system enters the next cycle until the next low-speed machine enters the exhaust stage;
the power-on and power-off time of the two-position three-way electromagnetic directional valve is determined by the switching time of the high-low temperature exhaust stage under different conditions; the power-on and power-off control of the two-position three-way electromagnetic directional valve controls the conduction of oil pressure in the single-action hydraulic cylinder, a piston rod of the single-action hydraulic cylinder controls the movement of the separating shaft, and the position of a separating partition plate in the separating shaft is adjusted through different crank angle positions; the valve lift curves at different crank angles correspond to the level curves of the directional control valve.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201710580554.7A CN107246307B (en) | 2017-07-17 | 2017-07-17 | Control method of variable exhaust energy grading device of low-speed machine |
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| CN201710580554.7A CN107246307B (en) | 2017-07-17 | 2017-07-17 | Control method of variable exhaust energy grading device of low-speed machine |
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| CN107246307A CN107246307A (en) | 2017-10-13 |
| CN107246307B true CN107246307B (en) | 2020-09-25 |
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Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109538577B (en) * | 2018-11-20 | 2021-01-05 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Large-cylinder-diameter low-speed machine exhaust valve test device and control method thereof |
| CN114396329B (en) * | 2021-12-21 | 2023-01-03 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Cylinder head separating valve structure for realizing exhaust stage separation of low-speed machine |
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| US5072583A (en) * | 1989-02-08 | 1991-12-17 | Nissan Motor Company, Ltd. | Exhaust system for internal combustion engines |
| JP2005069238A (en) * | 2004-12-13 | 2005-03-17 | Akio Ishida | Exhaust emission control system for engine |
| CN201273229Y (en) * | 2008-08-28 | 2009-07-15 | 中国第一汽车集团公司无锡柴油机厂 | Double-channel butterfly valve structure |
| CN102305222A (en) * | 2011-08-24 | 2012-01-04 | 天津大学 | Electro-hydraulic variable valve device with energy accumulator buffer function and energy storage method thereof |
| CN106321254A (en) * | 2016-09-12 | 2017-01-11 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Exhaust energy classifying device for low-speed machine and control method of exhaust energy classifying device |
| CN106812790A (en) * | 2015-11-16 | 2017-06-09 | 祥莹有限公司 | Ball bearing assembly |
-
2017
- 2017-07-17 CN CN201710580554.7A patent/CN107246307B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5072583A (en) * | 1989-02-08 | 1991-12-17 | Nissan Motor Company, Ltd. | Exhaust system for internal combustion engines |
| JP2005069238A (en) * | 2004-12-13 | 2005-03-17 | Akio Ishida | Exhaust emission control system for engine |
| CN201273229Y (en) * | 2008-08-28 | 2009-07-15 | 中国第一汽车集团公司无锡柴油机厂 | Double-channel butterfly valve structure |
| CN102305222A (en) * | 2011-08-24 | 2012-01-04 | 天津大学 | Electro-hydraulic variable valve device with energy accumulator buffer function and energy storage method thereof |
| CN106812790A (en) * | 2015-11-16 | 2017-06-09 | 祥莹有限公司 | Ball bearing assembly |
| CN106321254A (en) * | 2016-09-12 | 2017-01-11 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Exhaust energy classifying device for low-speed machine and control method of exhaust energy classifying device |
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