CN107243353A - 一种氟掺杂的二氧化钛多层级结构光催化剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种氟掺杂的二氧化钛多层级结构光催化剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000002127 nanobelt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- GROMGGTZECPEKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium metatitanate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Ti](=O)O[Ti](=O)O[Ti]([O-])=O GROMGGTZECPEKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- XROWMBWRMNHXMF-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrafluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[Ti+4] XROWMBWRMNHXMF-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);titanium(4+) Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4] SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
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- 229910003705 H2Ti3O7 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000790917 Dioxys <bee> Species 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003608 titanium Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 18
- STZCRXQWRGQSJD-GEEYTBSJSA-M methyl orange Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1\N=N\C1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 STZCRXQWRGQSJD-GEEYTBSJSA-M 0.000 description 14
- 229940012189 methyl orange Drugs 0.000 description 14
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000013033 photocatalytic degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910003087 TiOx Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- HLLICFJUWSZHRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tioxidazole Chemical compound CCCOC1=CC=C2N=C(NC(=O)OC)SC2=C1 HLLICFJUWSZHRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 description 4
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007146 photocatalysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910020293 Na2Ti3O7 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006750 UV protection Effects 0.000 description 1
- CCYWDIWYFIDBTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[F].[Ti+4] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[F].[Ti+4] CCYWDIWYFIDBTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009967 tasteless effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种氟掺杂的二氧化钛多层级结构光催化剂,是以钛酸纳米带为模板和钛源供体,再用一步水热法将其与既能提供初始二氧化钛晶核,又能够腐蚀钛酸纳米带模板的四氟化钛按重量比10:1~5实施负载掺杂氟元素的二氧化钛纳米晶制成;其中,所述钛酸纳米带是用水热法制备钛酸钠纳米带,再将其放入稀盐酸中浸泡制得,钛酸纳米带宽度为100~200纳米,长度为10~70微米,其表面负载的二氧化钛纳米晶颗粒粒径为10~20纳米。本发明还公开了所述光催化剂在催化降解有机染料及光催化产氢中的应用,同时本发明的催化剂制备工艺、设备简单,成本低、效率高,反应周期短,重复性好,适于工业化生产,经济效益和社会效益巨大。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种光催化剂及其制备方法,尤其涉及一种氟掺杂的二氧化钛多层级结构光催化剂及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
太阳能光催化技术能分解空气和水中的多种污染物,太阳能光分解水技术可望获得廉价的氢气,得到理想的清洁能源。光催化材料在空气净化、自洁净、超亲水性等方面也取得了初步成功,在环境保护方面的应用市场正在逐步形成。
半导体二氧化钛是最早发现也是目前公认的性能优良的光催化材料。二氧化钛以其化学性能稳定、吸收紫外线能力强、量子效率和催化效率高、无毒无味、来源丰富及价格低廉等众多优点得到了广泛研究和实际使用。但二氧化钛光催化技术在实际应用过程中还存在着光谱响应范围窄、量子效率偏低、粉末的分散与回收等问题。鉴于此,研究和开发新型二氧化钛光催化剂具有重要意义,经检索,有关以四氟化钛为钛源和氟源,并具有腐蚀和二次沉积功能的氟掺杂二氧化钛多层级结构光催化剂还未见报道。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明要解决的问题是提供一种具有较高的光催化活性,同时易于回收循环使用的氟掺杂二氧化钛多层级结构光催化剂及其制备方法与应用。
本发明所述氟掺杂的二氧化钛多层级结构光催化剂,其特征在于:该光催化剂是以钛酸纳米带为模板和钛源供体,再用一步水热法将其与既能提供初始二氧化钛晶核,又能够腐蚀钛酸纳米带模板的四氟化钛按重量比10:1~5实施负载掺杂氟元素的二氧化钛纳米晶制成;其中,所述钛酸纳米带是用水热法制备钛酸钠纳米带,再将其放入稀盐酸中浸泡制得,钛酸纳米带宽度为100~200纳米,长度为10~70微米,其表面负载的二氧化钛纳米晶颗粒粒径为10~20纳米。
本发明所述氟掺杂的二氧化钛多层级结构光催化剂的制备方法,步骤是:
①购买或以常规方法获得钛酸纳米带(H2Ti3O7),以其作为模板和钛源供体;
②称取钛酸纳米带100mg,分散于20mL去离子水中,再加入10~50mg既能提供初始二氧化钛晶核,又能够腐蚀钛酸纳米带模板的四氟化钛(TiF4),搅拌均匀后移入容积为25mL的不锈钢高压反应釜,100℃保温1~3小时,反应完毕后将反应釜迅速冷却,收集生成物并用去离子水和酒精洗涤至中性,再放入60℃的烘箱中烘干,即制得氟掺杂的二氧化钛多层级结构(H2Ti3O7@TiO2)光催化剂。
其中,步骤①所述钛酸纳米带(H2Ti3O7)优选以如下方法制备:
⑴称取1.0~1.5g德固赛P25分散于浓度为10M、体积为80mL的氢氧化钠透明溶液中,强力搅拌1~1.5小时后将此混合溶液移入容积为100mL的不锈钢高压反应釜,200℃保温48~72小时,得到白色产物用去离子水洗涤后烘干,即获得钛酸钠纳米带(Na2Ti3O7);
⑵将步骤⑴制得的钛酸钠纳米带浸入浓度为0.1M的盐酸中浸泡48~60小时,然后将纳米带用去离子水和酒精洗涤至中性,再放入60℃的烘箱中烘干,即获得白色的钛酸纳米带(H2Ti3O7)。
本发明所述氟掺杂的二氧化钛多层级结构光催化剂在催化降解有机染料及光催化产氢中的应用。
将本发明所述氟掺杂的二氧化钛多层级结构光催化剂进行光催化降解有机染料甲基橙实验,证实:其可迅速将溶液中的甲基橙分解,并且能够循环使用。反应完毕,此光催化剂能够迅速沉降,易于回收重复使用。将此光催化剂进行光催化产氢实验,能够实现氢气的产出。
本发明公开了一种氟掺杂的二氧化钛多层级结构光催化剂,是以钛酸纳米带为自模板,所述钛酸纳米带既是模板又是钛源供体,将其再与既能提供初始二氧化钛晶核,又能够腐蚀钛酸纳米带模板的四氟化钛实施负载掺杂氟元素的二氧化钛纳米晶,可制得具有腐蚀和二次沉积功能的氟掺杂二氧化钛多层级结构光催化剂。本发明公开的光催化剂的制备方法中,钛酸纳米带作为模板和钛源,四氟化钛带既提供初始二氧化钛晶核,又能够腐蚀钛酸纳米带模板,实现了二氧化钛纳米颗粒的二次沉积,从而得到外面是锐钛矿二氧化钛,里面是钛酸带的多级结构。其在催化降解有机染料及光催化产氢中具有广泛的应用,经济效益和社会效益巨大。同时本发明所述光催化剂制备工艺、设备简单,成本低、效率高,反应周期短,重复性好,适于工业化生产。
附图说明
图1:是本发明实施例5所得氟掺杂的二氧化钛多层级结构(H2Ti3O7@TiO2)光催化剂的扫描电子显微镜照片,显示所述光催化剂为纳米带状结构,表面分布着细小的二氧化钛纳米晶。
图2:是本发明实施例5所得氟掺杂的二氧化钛多层级结构(H2Ti3O7@TiO2)光催化剂的透射电子显微镜照片,显示所述光催化剂为纳米带状结构,从晶格条纹可得表面分布着细小的二氧化钛纳米晶。
具体实施方式
实施例1
(1)称取1.0g的德固赛P25,分散于氢氧化钠透明溶液中(浓度为10M,体积为80mL),强力搅拌1小时后将此混合溶液移入容积为100mL的不锈钢高压反应釜,200℃保温72小时。得到白色的钛酸钠纳米带(Na2Ti3O7)用去离子水洗涤后烘干。
(2)将钛酸钠纳米带浸入稀盐酸(浓度为0.1M)中浸泡48小时,然后将纳米带用去离子水和酒精反复洗涤至中性,放入60℃的烘箱中烘干,得到白色的钛酸纳米带(H2Ti3O7)。
(3)称取100mg钛酸纳米带,分散于20mL去离子水中,加入四氟化钛(TiF4,10mg),搅拌均匀后移入容积为25mL的不锈钢高压反应釜,100℃保温2小时。反应完毕将反应釜迅速冷却,收集生成物并用去离子水和酒精反复洗涤至中性,放入60℃的烘箱中烘干,得到氟掺杂的二氧化钛多层级结构(H2Ti3O7@TiO2)光催化剂。
其中,所述钛酸纳米带宽度为100~200纳米,长度为10~70微米,其表面负载的二氧化钛纳米晶颗粒粒径为10~20纳米。
应用:将得到的掺氟H2Ti3O7@TiO2光催化剂进行光催化降解有机染料甲基橙实验。
取30mg光催化剂分散于30mL甲基橙溶液中(20mg/L),使用功率为300W的汞灯照射(照射前在暗处搅拌30分钟以达到吸附平衡),使用分光光度计测试光催化降解效果。20分钟后约降解至初始值的40%。
实施例2
(1)称取1.0g的德固赛P25,分散于氢氧化钠透明溶液中(浓度为10M,体积为80mL),强力搅拌1小时后将此混合溶液移入容积为100mL的不锈钢高压反应釜,200℃保温48小时。得到白色的钛酸钠纳米带(Na2Ti3O7)用去离子水洗涤后烘干。
(2)将钛酸钠纳米带浸入稀盐酸(浓度为0.1M)中浸泡60小时,然后将纳米带用去离子水和酒精反复洗涤,放入60℃的烘箱烘干,得到白色的钛酸纳米带(H2Ti3O7)。
(3)称取100mg钛酸纳米带,分散于20mL去离子水中,加入四氟化钛(TiF4,20mg),搅拌均匀后移入容积为25mL的不锈钢高压反应釜,100℃保温2小时。反应完毕将反应釜迅速冷却,收集生成物并用去离子水和酒精反复洗涤,放入60℃的烘箱烘干,得到氟掺杂的二氧化钛多层级结构(H2Ti3O7@TiO2)光催化剂。
其中,所述钛酸纳米带宽度为100~200纳米,长度为10~70微米,其表面负载的二氧化钛纳米晶颗粒粒径为10~20纳米。
应用:将得到的掺氟H2Ti3O7@TiO2光催化剂进行光催化降解有机染料甲基橙实验。
取30mg光催化剂分散于30mL甲基橙溶液中(20mg/L),使用功率为300W的汞灯照射(照射前在暗处搅拌30分钟以达到吸附平衡),使用分光光度计测试光催化降解效果。20分钟后约降解至初始值的20%。
实施例3
(1)称取1.0g的P25,分散于氢氧化钠透明溶液中(浓度为10M,体积为80mL),强力搅拌1小时后将此混合溶液移入容积为100mL的不锈钢高压反应釜,200℃保温56小时。得到白色的钛酸钠纳米带(Na2Ti3O7)用去离子水洗涤后烘干。
(2)将钛酸钠纳米带浸入稀盐酸(浓度为0.1M)中浸泡54小时,然后将纳米带用去离子水和酒精反复洗涤,放入60℃的烘箱烘干,得到白色的钛酸纳米带(H2Ti3O7)。
(3)称取100mg钛酸纳米带,分散于20mL去离子水中,加入四氟化钛(TiF4,30mg),搅拌均匀后移入容积为25mL的不锈钢高压反应釜,100℃保温2小时。反应完毕将反应釜迅速冷却,收集生成物并用去离子水和酒精反复洗涤,放入60℃的烘箱烘干,得到氟掺杂的二氧化钛多层级结构(H2Ti3O7@TiO2)光催化剂。
其中,所述钛酸纳米带宽度为100~200纳米,长度为10~70微米,其表面负载的二氧化钛纳米晶颗粒粒径为10~20纳米。
应用:将得到的掺氟H2Ti3O7@TiO2光催化剂进行光催化降解有机染料甲基橙实验。
取30mg光催化剂分散于30mL甲基橙溶液中(20mg/L),使用功率为300W的汞灯照射(照射前在暗处搅拌30分钟以达到吸附平衡),使用分光光度计测试光催化降解效果。20分钟后约降解至初始值的5%。
实施例4
制备方法及条件同实施例1,仅在步骤(3)中,加入四氟化钛的量增加为40mg,得到的氟掺杂的二氧化钛多层级结构(H2Ti3O7@TiO2)光催化剂进行光催化降解有机染料甲基橙实验。光催化降解效果提高至20分钟后约降解至初始值的3%。
实施例5
制备方法及条件同实施例1,仅在步骤(3)中,加入四氟化钛的量增加为50mg,得到的氟掺杂的二氧化钛多层级结构(H2Ti3O7@TiO2)光催化剂进行光催化降解有机染料甲基橙实验。光催化降解效果提高至20分钟后约降解至初始值的1%。
实施例6
(1)称取1.0g的P25,分散于氢氧化钠透明溶液中(浓度为10M,体积为80mL),强力搅拌1小时后将此混合溶液移入容积为100mL的不锈钢高压反应釜,200℃保温72小时。得到白色的钛酸钠纳米带(Na2Ti3O7)用去离子水洗涤后烘干。
(2)将钛酸钠纳米带浸入稀盐酸(浓度为0.1M)中浸泡48小时,然后将纳米带用去离子水和酒精反复洗涤,放入60℃的烘箱烘干,得到白色的钛酸纳米带(H2Ti3O7)。
(3)称取100mg钛酸纳米带,分散于20mL去离子水中,加入四氟化钛(TiF4,35mg),搅拌均匀后移入容积为25mL的不锈钢高压反应釜,100℃保温3小时。反应完毕将反应釜迅速冷却,收集生成物并用去离子水和酒精反复洗涤,放入60℃的烘箱烘干,得到氟掺杂的二氧化钛多层级结构(H2Ti3O7@TiO2)光催化剂。
其中,所述钛酸纳米带宽度为100~200纳米,长度为10~70微米,其表面负载的二氧化钛纳米晶颗粒粒径为10~20纳米。
应用:将得到的掺氟H2Ti3O7@TiO2光催化剂进行光催化降解有机染料甲基橙实验。
取30mg光催化剂分散于30mL甲基橙溶液中(20mg/L),使用功率为300W的汞灯照射(照射前在暗处搅拌30分钟以达到吸附平衡),使用分光光度计测试光催化降解效果。20分钟后约降解至初始值的5%。
实施例7
(1)称取1.0g的P25,分散于氢氧化钠透明溶液中(浓度为10M,体积为80mL),强力搅拌1小时后将此混合溶液移入容积为100mL的不锈钢高压反应釜,200℃保温72小时。得到白色的钛酸钠纳米带(Na2Ti3O7)用去离子水洗涤后烘干。
(2)将钛酸钠纳米带浸入稀盐酸(浓度为0.1M)中浸泡48小时,然后将纳米带用去离子水和酒精反复洗涤,放入60℃的烘箱烘干,得到白色的钛酸纳米带(H2Ti3O7)。
(3)称取100mg钛酸纳米带,分散于20mL去离子水中,加入四氟化钛(TiF4,30mg),搅拌均匀后移入容积为25mL的不锈钢高压反应釜,100℃保温1小时。反应完毕将反应釜迅速冷却,收集生成物并用去离子水和酒精反复洗涤,放入60℃的烘箱烘干,得到氟掺杂的二氧化钛多层级结构(H2Ti3O7@TiO2)光催化剂。
其中,所述钛酸纳米带宽度为100~200纳米,长度为10~70微米,其表面负载的二氧化钛纳米晶颗粒粒径为10~20纳米。
应用:将得到的掺氟H2Ti3O7@TiO2光催化剂进行光催化降解有机染料甲基橙实验。
取30mg光催化剂分散于30mL甲基橙溶液中(20mg/L),使用功率为300W的汞灯照射(照射前在暗处搅拌30分钟以达到吸附平衡),使用分光光度计测试光催化降解效果。20分钟后约降解至初始值的10%。
Claims (3)
1.一种氟掺杂的二氧化钛多层级结构光催化剂,其特征在于:所述光催化剂是以钛酸纳米带为模板和钛源供体,再用一步水热法将其与既能提供初始二氧化钛晶核,又能够腐蚀钛酸纳米带模板的四氟化钛按重量比10:1~5实施负载掺杂氟元素的二氧化钛纳米晶制成;其中,所述钛酸纳米带是用水热法制备钛酸钠纳米带,再将其放入稀盐酸中浸泡制得,钛酸纳米带宽度为100~200纳米,长度为10~70微米,其表面负载的二氧化钛纳米晶颗粒粒径为10~20纳米。
2.权利要求1所述氟掺杂的二氧化钛多层级结构光催化剂的制备方法,步骤是:
①购买或以常规方法获得钛酸纳米带(H2Ti3O7),以其作为模板和钛源供体;
②称取钛酸纳米带100mg,分散于20mL去离子水中,再加入10~50mg既能提供初始二氧化钛晶核,又能够腐蚀钛酸纳米带模板的四氟化钛(TiF4),搅拌均匀后移入容积为25mL的不锈钢高压反应釜,100℃保温1~3小时,反应完毕后将反应釜迅速冷却,收集生成物并用去离子水和酒精洗涤至中性,再放入60℃的烘箱中烘干,即制得氟掺杂的二氧化钛多层级结构(H2Ti3O7@TiO2)光催化剂。
3.权利要求1所述氟掺杂的二氧化钛多层级结构光催化剂在催化降解有机染料及光催化产氢中的应用。
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