CN107237641B - Single shell lining intelligence sprayed construction method and device based on monitoring feedback technique - Google Patents
Single shell lining intelligence sprayed construction method and device based on monitoring feedback technique Download PDFInfo
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- CN107237641B CN107237641B CN201710664215.7A CN201710664215A CN107237641B CN 107237641 B CN107237641 B CN 107237641B CN 201710664215 A CN201710664215 A CN 201710664215A CN 107237641 B CN107237641 B CN 107237641B
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011378 shotcrete Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000208340 Araliaceae Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000005035 Panax pseudoginseng ssp. pseudoginseng Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000003140 Panax quinquefolius Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000008434 ginseng Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000033748 Device issues Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
- E21F17/18—Special adaptations of signalling or alarm devices
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of single shell lining intelligence sprayed construction method and apparatus based on monitoring feedback technique: device includes control system, monitoring feedback system, spraying system, feeding system, drive system.Monitoring feedback system can monitor the position for measuring entire sprayed construction device, the relative position between real time monitoring measurement spray site and tunnel axis, preset lining cutting surface in real time.By preset lining cutting internal diameter parameter, blasting materials parameter input control system, the system can automatic running by point three layers of sprayed construction form complete lining cutting.Intelligent sprayed construction can be achieved in the present invention, and construction precision is high, high-efficient.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of construction method and devices, are a kind of single layer lining based on monitoring feedback technique in more detail
Intelligent sprayed construction method and apparatus is built, the hydraulic tunnel lining construction method and apparatus field in hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering is belonged to.
Background technique
In order to guarantee that hydraulic tunnel is safely and effectively run, it usually needs carry out lining cutting to tunnel.Hydraulic tunnel lining cutting is general
For composite lining, i.e., liner structure is formed by just serving as a contrast and serving as a contrast combination again.Just lining is mainly used for closing country rock and offer initial stage branch
Shield generally uses suspended net shotcrete concrete；Multiple lining is used to form final supporting and standardization water passage, meets wanting for water
It asks, generally uses form concrete, need the processes such as formwork erection, casting concrete, demoulding and rockfill grouting.It just serves as a contrast and serves as a contrast it again
Between one layer of splash guard be generally set, Transfer of Shear, bearing mechanism are not similar to " composite beam " to interlayer.Composite lining process
It is complicated, long in time limit, difficulty of construction is larger.
Single shell lining is made of single-layer or multi-layer concrete, and each interlayer is capable of the support system of abundant Transfer of Shear,
Maximum difference with combined type lining cutting is interlayer water plate in the air, by the radial anti-slipping property on circumferential direction of interlayer, so that respectively
Concrete layer forms common carrying system.Its bearing mechanism be similar to " combination beam ", than equal thickness composite lining generate
Stress is small, can appropriate thickness thinning, reduce excavated volume, investment reduction.
The first layer of single shell lining generally uses gunite concrete, and succeeding layer uses form concrete.With composite lining
Compare, although single shell lining has subtracted the construction of splash guard, but due to form concrete there is still a need for formwork erection, casting concrete,
The processes such as demoulding, long construction period, difficulty of construction is big.Although gunite concrete construction is fast, mechanization degree is high, due to injection
Construction precision is unable to satisfy the requirement of hydraulic tunnel lining section standardization and lining cutting surface smoothness, roughness, is generally not used for
The construction of succeeding layer.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above technical problems, the present invention proposes a kind of intelligent sprayed construction method of tunnel lining, solves injection
The technical issues of standardization of concrete lining section and lining cutting surface smoothness, roughness, it can be used for one-off construction tunnel single layer
Lining cutting, it can also be used to apply the multiple lining of composite lining.Construction effect meets the standardization of hydraulic tunnel lining section and lining cutting table
The requirement of surface evenness, roughness.
In order to achieve the above technical purposes, the present invention uses following specific technical solution:
A kind of single shell lining intelligence sprayed construction method based on monitoring feedback technique, is based on sprayed construction device, divides three
Layer completes the sprayed construction of lining cutting;
Step S1, inertial coordinate device is set, inputs the tunnel inner surface parameter after the completion of lining cutting in the controls
With blasting materials parameter；
Step S2, monitoring feedback system starting, obtains following two real-time parameter:
The first, the real time position of entire sprayed construction device obtains spraying system through inertial coordinate device offset correction
Relative position parameter；
The second, the distance of country rock or lining cutting surface away from spraying system spray head and its relative position in inertial coordinate device
Parameter；
Step S3, monitoring feedback system by above-mentioned two parameter feedback of acquisition to control system, control system pass through by
Default lining cutting superficial objects point position coordinates and two real-time parameters for monitoring feedback system feedback acquisition are compared, and obtain spray
Penetrate implementation parameter；
Step S4, obtained injection implementation parameter is transmitted to spraying system by control system, and spraying system is according to order reality
Apply gunite concrete operation；
Step S5, monitoring feedback system collects injection in real time and applies surface coordinate, and it is sat with default lining cutting surface
Mark is compared, if the two range difference, within the scope of 100mm ~ 200mm, control system issues the driving advanced to driving device
Instruction；
Step S6, after entire sprayed construction device enters new position, circulation executes step S1~step S5, until injection is mixed
10m~100m is completed in solidifying soil operation；
Step S7, after waiting 2 hours~48 hours, implement mortar spraying operation, step will be sprayed with step S1~step S5
It penetrates material and is changed to mortar；
Step S8, after waiting 2 hours~48 hours, implement polymeric spray operation, step, will with step S1~step S5
Blasting materials are changed to polymer.
The tunnel inner surface parameter is the location parameter of inner surface of tunnel, such as circular tunnel can be tunnel radius.
The blasting materials parameter includes: the maximum particle diameter of blasting materials, the thickness of a spray-up, setting time and maximum
Allow jet velocity.
The feedback frequency of the monitoring feedback system is 1/10s.
It includes: injecting time, spray angle, jet velocity and nozzle position that parameter is implemented in the injection.
The sprayed construction of described point of three layers of completion lining cutting, first layer is gunite concrete, and lining cutting surface is flat after injection is implemented
Whole degree reaches 3m guiding ruler deviation 100mm~200mm；
The second layer is spray furnace, and lining cutting surface smoothness reaches 3m guiding ruler deviation 3mm~5mm after injection is implemented；
Third layer is injection high molecular polymer, and lining cutting surface smoothness reaches 3m guiding ruler deviation < 3mm after injection is implemented.
A kind of single shell lining intelligence sprayed construction device based on monitoring feedback technique, comprising:
Control system, monitoring feedback system, spraying system, feeding system, drive system, wherein the control system
Including input unit, acquisition device, computing device and output device；
The input unit is for inputting preset lining cutting internal diameter parameter and blasting materials parameter；
The acquisition device is used to record the country rock that monitoring feedback system is picked up in real time or lining cutting surface three dimension coordinate, injection
System position and entire sprayed construction setting position；
The computing device is used to calculate the country rock that acquisition device records or lining cutting surface three dimension coordinate and presets
Lining cutting in difference between section corresponding points, and calculate the position coordinates of the lower moved further of spraying system, jet velocity, spray
Penetrate the position coordinates of time and the lower moved further of drive system；
The output device is used to calculate computing device resulting parameter and is converted to electric signal and inputs to injection system
System, feeding system and drive system；
The monitoring feedback system includes positioning device, inertial coordinate device and laser ranging system, wherein the positioning
Device determines its error with active line, when error is more than to permit for monitoring the position for measuring entire sprayed construction device in real time
When being worth perhaps, error is fed back into control system, device-output device is computed by control system and exports adjustment instruction to driving
System is located on active line, and meet the requirement of control errors with adjusting the position of entire sprayed construction device；
The inertial coordinate device is for Real-time Feedback spraying system, the target country rock point or lining cutting surface point that currently spray
With the relative position of canal axes；
The laser ranging system is fixed on spraying system, for monitoring measurement injection target point and tunnel axis in real time
Relative positional relationship between line, preset lining section inner surface corresponding points.
The spraying system includes concrete sprayer, sand-slurry jetting machine and polymeric spray machine three parts.
The utility model has the advantages that
The present invention and prior art project, have the advantage that
1, intelligent sprayed construction is realized.The movement of sprayed construction device of the present invention, the jet velocity adjustment of spraying system,
Target spray site and design section lining cutting on the mobile equal country rock measured in real time all in accordance with monitoring feedback system of nozzle position
Difference adjust automatically between the coordinate of surface corresponding points.
2, construction precision is high.The present invention first pneumatically placed concrete, again sandblasting slurry, finally spray polymer by way of, realize thick
The optimum organization that spray, thin spray, essence are sprayed, improves the control precision of injection lining cutting surface smoothness.
3, high-efficient.The present invention realizes the intelligentized control method of sprayed construction using monitoring feedback technique, reduces sprayed construction
Operator's quantity improves sprayed construction efficiency.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is hydraulic tunnel lining construction methodological function block diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is laser locating apparatus schematic diagram of the present invention.
Wherein, 1 is laser ranging system；2 be the spray head of spraying system；3 be default lining cutting surface；4 be real-time lining cutting table
Face.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment is provided with reference to the accompanying drawing and the present invention is specifically described.It is necessarily pointed out that below
Embodiment is served only for that the invention will be further described, should not be understood as limiting the scope of the invention, the field it is special
Some nonessential modifications and adaptations that industry technical staff makes according to the content of aforementioned present invention, still fall within protection of the invention
Range.
A kind of hydraulic tunnel lining construction device of the present invention is driven into tunnel axis position to be onstructed, is set
Inertial coordinate device.
As shown in Figure 1, the first step, inputs the inner surface parameter and blasting materials ginseng after the completion of lining cutting in the controls
Number, such as circular tunnel radius 8m, blasting materials are concrete, maximum particle diameter 15mm, a jetting thickness 200mm, when condensation
Between 2min, maximum allowable jet velocity 4m3/h；
Second step, monitoring feedback system starting, positioning device obtains the real time position of whole equipment, through inertial coordinate device
Offset correction obtains the relative position of spraying system；Laser ranging system obtains country rock or lining cutting surface away from spraying system spray head
Distance and its relative position in inertial coordinate device；The feedback frequency for monitoring feedback system is 1/10s.
The above-mentioned parameter of acquisition is fed back to the acquisition device of control system, filled with input by third step, monitoring feedback system
Set the parameter of middle input together, into computing device, computing device by comparing default lining cutting superficial objects point position coordinates and
The real-time parameter that input unit, acquisition device obtain show that injecting time, spray angle, jet velocity, nozzle position etc. spray
Implement parameter；
4th step, the injection that computing device obtains implement parameter and are transmitted to spraying system, and spraying system is according to certain time
Sequence implements gunite concrete operation；
5th step, the laser ranging system for monitoring feedback system collect the lining cutting surface after injection applies, are computed dress
Calculating is set away from default lining cutting surface within the scope of 100mm~200mm, then control system is issued by output device to driving device
The driving instruction of advance；
6th step, after whole device enters new position, circulation executes the first step~the 5th step, until gunite concrete operation
Complete certain distance；
7th step waits after a certain period of time, implements mortar spraying operation, and the same first step of step~the 5th step will spray material
Material is changed to mortar, and control precision is adjusted to 3mm~5mm；
8th step waits after a certain period of time, implements polymeric spray operation, and the same first step of step~the 5th step will spray
Material is changed to polymer, and control precision is adjusted to < 3mm；
It is described based on monitoring feedback technique single shell lining sprayed construction device, including control system, monitoring feedback system,
Spraying system, feeding system, drive system.By preset lining section parameter, blasting materials parameter input control system,
The system can automatic running, complete lining cutting is formed by sprayed construction.
The control system includes input unit, acquisition device, computing device, output device.Input unit is for inputting
Preset lining section parameter and blasting materials parameter；Acquisition device, which is used to record, monitors enclosing of picking up in real time of feedback system
The three-dimensional coordinate of target point, spraying system position and entire sprayed construction setting position on rock or lining cutting surface；Computing device
The three-dimensional coordinate and preset lining section of the target point on country rock or lining cutting surface for calculating acquisition device record
Difference between corresponding points coordinate, and calculate the three-dimensional coordinate of the lower moved further of spraying system, jet velocity, injecting time with
And the three-dimensional coordinate of the lower moved further of drive system；Output device is converted to telecommunications for computing device to be calculated resulting parameter
Number and input to spraying system, feeding system and drive system.
The monitoring feedback system includes positioning device, inertial coordinate device, laser ranging system.It is characterized in that, institute
The position for measuring entire sprayed construction device can be monitored in real time by stating positioning device, determine that (active line is injection with active line for it
The operating position line of system can be preset with the positional relationship of canal axes.) error, when error be more than permissible value when,
Error is fed back into control system, device-output device is computed by control system and exports adjustment instruction to drive system, with
The position for adjusting entire sprayed construction device, is located on active line, and meets the requirement of control errors；The inertial coordinate
Device, the relative position of Real-time Feedback spraying system, country rock or lining cutting surface and canal axes；The laser ranging system is fixed
In on spraying system, the relative position between real time monitoring measurement spray site and tunnel axis, preset lining cutting surface is closed
System.
The spraying system is divided into concrete sprayer, sand-slurry jetting machine, polymeric spray machine three parts, the spray of each section
Firing rate degree, nozzle position, travel speed, switch etc. are automatically controlled by the instruction that control system output device issues.
The demand that the feeding system is implemented according to injection supplies concrete, mortar, polymer to concrete ejection respectively
Machine, sand-slurry jetting machine, polymeric spray machine.
The instruction that the drive system can be issued according to control system draws entire sprayed construction device and realizes that position becomes
Change, drive system can be run on the track of setting.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of single shell lining intelligence sprayed construction method based on monitoring feedback technique, which is characterized in that be based on sprayed construction
Device, the sprayed construction of point three layers of completion lining cutting;
Step S1, inertial coordinate device is set, inputs tunnel inner surface parameter and spray after the completion of lining cutting in the controls
Penetrate material parameter；
Step S2, monitoring feedback system starting, obtains following two real-time parameter:
The first, the real time position of entire sprayed construction device obtains the opposite of spraying system through inertial coordinate device offset correction
Location parameter；
The second, the distance of country rock or lining cutting surface away from spraying system spray head and its relative position ginseng in inertial coordinate device
Number；
Step S3, monitoring feedback system is by above-mentioned two parameter feedback of acquisition to control system, and control system will be by that will preset
Two real-time parameters that lining cutting superficial objects point position coordinates and monitoring feedback system feedback obtain are compared, and show that injection is real
Apply parameter；
Step S4, obtained injection implementation parameter is transmitted to spraying system by control system, and spraying system is implemented to spray according to order
Penetrate concrete work；
Step S5, monitoring feedback system collects injection in real time and applies surface coordinate, and by its with default lining cutting surface coordinate into
Row compares, if the two range difference, within the scope of 100mm ~ 200mm, control system issues the driving advanced to driving device and refers to
It enables；
Step S6, after entire sprayed construction device enters new position, circulation executes step S1~step S5, until gunite concrete
10m~100m is completed in operation；
Step S7, after waiting 2 hours~48 hours, implement mortar spraying operation, step will spray material with step S1~step S5
Material is changed to mortar；
Step S8, after waiting 2 hours~48 hours, implement polymeric spray operation, step will be sprayed with step S1~step S5
Material is changed to polymer.
2. the single shell lining intelligence sprayed construction method according to claim 1 based on monitoring feedback technique, feature exist
In, the blasting materials parameter include: the maximum particle diameter of blasting materials, the thickness of a spray-up, setting time and maximum allowable
Jet velocity.
3. the single shell lining intelligence sprayed construction method according to claim 1 based on monitoring feedback technique, feature exist
In the feedback frequency of the monitoring feedback system is 1/10s.
4. the single shell lining intelligence sprayed construction method according to claim 1 based on monitoring feedback technique, feature exist
In it includes: injecting time, spray angle, jet velocity and nozzle position that parameter is implemented in the injection.
5. the single shell lining intelligence sprayed construction method according to claim 1 based on monitoring feedback technique, feature exist
In the sprayed construction of described point of three layers of completion lining cutting, first layer is gunite concrete, and lining cutting surface smoothness reaches after injection is implemented
To 3m guiding ruler deviation 100mm~200mm；
The second layer is spray furnace, and lining cutting surface smoothness reaches 3m guiding ruler deviation 3mm~5mm after injection is implemented；
Third layer is injection high molecular polymer, and lining cutting surface smoothness reaches 3m guiding ruler deviation < 3mm after injection is implemented.
6. a kind of single shell lining intelligence sprayed construction device based on monitoring feedback technique characterized by comprising
Control system, monitoring feedback system, spraying system, feeding system, drive system, wherein the control system includes
Input unit, acquisition device, computing device and output device；
The input unit is for inputting preset lining cutting internal diameter parameter and blasting materials parameter；
The acquisition device is used to record the country rock or lining cutting surface three dimension coordinate, spraying system that monitoring feedback system is picked up in real time
Position and entire sprayed construction setting position；
The computing device is used to calculate the country rock that acquisition device records or lining cutting surface three dimension coordinate and preset lining
When building the difference between interior section corresponding points, and calculating the position coordinates of the lower moved further of spraying system, jet velocity, injection
Between and the lower moved further of drive system position coordinates；
The output device is used to calculate computing device resulting parameter and is converted to electric signal and inputs to spraying system, supply
Material system and drive system；
The monitoring feedback system includes positioning device, inertial coordinate device and laser ranging system, wherein the positioning device
For monitoring the position for measuring entire sprayed construction device in real time, its error with active line is determined, when error is more than permissible value
When, error is fed back into control system, device-output device is computed by control system and exports adjustment instruction to driving system
System, to adjust the position of entire sprayed construction device, is located on active line, and meet the requirement of control errors；
The inertial coordinate device is for Real-time Feedback spraying system, the target country rock point currently sprayed or lining cutting surface point and tunnel
The relative position of hole axis；
The laser ranging system is fixed on spraying system, for monitoring measurement injection target point and tunnel axis, pre- in real time
The relative positional relationship between lining section inner surface corresponding points first set.
7. the single shell lining intelligence sprayed construction device according to claim 6 based on monitoring feedback technique, feature exist
In the spraying system include concrete sprayer, sand-slurry jetting machine and polymeric spray machine three parts.
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| CN201710664215.7A CN107237641B (en) | 2017-08-07 | 2017-08-07 | Single shell lining intelligence sprayed construction method and device based on monitoring feedback technique |
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| CN201710664215.7A CN107237641B (en) | 2017-08-07 | 2017-08-07 | Single shell lining intelligence sprayed construction method and device based on monitoring feedback technique |
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| CN107939418A (en) * | 2017-11-24 | 2018-04-20 | 中铁十局集团第四工程有限公司 | A kind of gunite concrete automated construction device and its construction method |
| CN110836120B (en) * | 2019-11-07 | 2020-11-06 | 山东大学 | Tunnel lining structure suitable for self-monitoring and adjusting of crossing active fault and construction method |
| CN111520163B (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2021-11-05 | 中铁工程装备集团有限公司 | Mixed spraying method of intelligent mixed spraying robot |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1009169B (en) * | 1987-03-16 | 1990-08-15 | 铁建建设株式会社 | Moving mould of tunnel liner device |
| CN201826508U (en) * | 2010-11-01 | 2011-05-11 | 河海大学 | Uneven-wall cement-based material equivalent-thickness spraying device |
| CN101974971B (en) * | 2010-11-01 | 2012-05-09 | 河海大学 | Full automatic wall facing concrete injection system |
| CN202380748U (en) * | 2011-07-15 | 2012-08-15 | 长沙科达建设机械制造有限公司 | Automatic injection system of concrete injection manipulator |
| JP5649531B2 (en) * | 2011-07-21 | 2015-01-07 | 鹿島建設株式会社 | Spraying method and spraying equipment |
| CN102929290B (en) * | 2012-10-10 | 2016-02-17 | 中联重科股份有限公司 | Control system, method and device of sprayer applied to tunnel concrete spraying |
| CN203383834U (en) * | 2013-08-06 | 2014-01-08 | 安徽佳乐建设机械有限公司 | Intelligent integrated wet shotcreting trolley |
| CN103713647B (en) * | 2013-12-23 | 2016-05-04 | 中联重科股份有限公司 | Concrete sprayer and control method, device and system thereof |
| CN104533457A (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2015-04-22 | 陈映宏 | Concrete shotcreting robot |
| CN104818999B (en) * | 2015-04-16 | 2017-03-29 | 浙江大学 | Concrete ejection smears integrated constructing tunnel device |
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