CN107234243B - Manufacturing method of high-precision combined material oil-retaining bearing for low-noise defrosting fan - Google Patents
Manufacturing method of high-precision combined material oil-retaining bearing for low-noise defrosting fan Download PDFInfo
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- CN107234243B CN107234243B CN201710355141.9A CN201710355141A CN107234243B CN 107234243 B CN107234243 B CN 107234243B CN 201710355141 A CN201710355141 A CN 201710355141A CN 107234243 B CN107234243 B CN 107234243B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
- B22F3/16—Both compacting and sintering in successive or repeated steps
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a high-precision combined material oil-retaining bearing for a low-noise defrosting fan, which comprises the following steps: mixing the powder to obtain iron bronze-based powder and iron brass-based powder; respectively placing the iron bronze base powder and the iron brass base powder in a die for press forming to respectively obtain an iron bronze base pressed blank and an iron brass base pressed blank; sintering the two pressed blanks under the N reducing atmosphere to obtain an alloy sintered body of iron bronze base and iron brass; pressing and shaping the alloy sintered body by using a pressing die to obtain an iron bronze base pressing part and an iron brass base pressing part; coaxially butting the iron bronze base pressing piece and the iron brass base pressing piece to form a whole; and placing the pressing piece into a vacuum oil immersion machine for oil immersion treatment to obtain the high-precision combined material oil-containing bearing for the low-noise defrosting fan.
Description
Technical Field
The research and development of the product relate to a manufacturing method of a sintered oil-retaining bearing, in particular to a manufacturing method of a high-precision combined material oil-retaining bearing applied to a low-noise defrosting fan.
Background
The refrigerator fan has excellent performance and very wide application prospect, and the bearing for the refrigerator defrosting fan needs ultra-low noise, good low temperature resistance and long service life, so the bearing needs to be fully considered in product design, material selection and production. At present, a refrigerator fan bearing product is mainly an inlet ball bearing, lubricating oil needs to be added before use due to the fact that the bearing does not have a self-lubricating function, and after working operation for a certain time, oil quantity can be reduced due to working loss, self volatilization and other factors, so that abrasion of workpieces is increased, and service life is shortened. The imported ball bearing (about 7 yuan/piece) seriously restricts the wide-range popularization of the refrigerator fan in China due to price factors, and the domestic production of the bearing is imperative in order to improve the competitiveness of the refrigerator fan in China and improve the national manufacturing capability.
The powder metallurgy oil-retaining bearing is widely applied to the fields of household appliances, automobiles, office equipment, precision machinery and the like due to the relatively low manufacturing cost, so that the powder metallurgy production and development of the product should be an optimal scheme, and the design should fully consider the contents of various aspects including structural design, material design, production and manufacturing, process control, application evaluation and the like. And the powder metallurgy oil-retaining bearing can well reduce the loss of oil mass due to the specific self-lubricating function, and greatly prolongs the service life of products (parts). In addition, the price of the powder metallurgy oil-retaining bearing is about 1/8 of the ball bearing.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem is as follows: the invention aims to provide a preparation method of a high-precision combined material oil-retaining bearing for a low-noise defrosting fan, which can well reduce the loss of oil mass and greatly prolong the service life of a product.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention discloses a preparation method of a high-precision combined material oil-retaining bearing for a low-noise defrosting fan, which comprises the following steps:
s1: powder mixing: mixing the following raw material powder in percentage by weight, wherein the iron bronze base comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 78.5-80.5% of 18% bronze-coated iron powder, 19.0-21.0% of copper-tin alloy powder, 0.2-1.0% of graphite powder and the balance of zinc stearate to obtain iron bronze-based powder;
s2: mixing the following raw material powders by weight percent, 35.0-37.0% of brass coated iron powder, 20.5-22.5% of brass powder, 42-44% of copper-tin alloy powder and the balance of zinc stearate; obtaining iron brass base powder;
s3: and (3) pressing and forming: respectively placing the iron bronze base powder and the iron brass base powder in a die for press forming to respectively obtain an iron bronze base pressed blank and an iron brass base pressed blank;
s4: sintering treatment: sintering the two pressed blanks under the N reducing atmosphere to obtain an alloy sintered body of iron bronze base and iron brass;
s5: and (3) finishing: pressing and shaping the alloy sintered body by using a pressing die to obtain an iron bronze base pressing part and an iron brass base pressing part;
s6: coaxially butting the iron bronze base pressing piece and the iron brass base pressing piece to form a whole;
s7: oil immersion treatment: and putting the pressing piece into a vacuum oil immersion machine for oil immersion treatment to obtain the high-precision combined material oil-retaining bearing for the low-noise defrosting fan.
Wherein:
the sintering process of the sintering treatment in the step S4 is as follows: gradually sintering and heating to 600 ℃ of the temperature of 500-.
In the step S3, a 6T press is used for press molding.
The die is a hard alloy die.
And S6, coaxially butting the iron bronze base pressing piece and the iron brass base pressing piece to form a whole, wherein the axiality of the whole is less than or equal to 0.01 mm.
The density of the iron bronze base compact is 5.95-6.05g/cm3The density of the iron brass base compact is 6.15-6.25g/cm3。
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the preparation method of the oil-containing bearing adopts a dual-material design, and the bearing produced by the method can bear a certain load and has good wear resistance.
2. According to the preparation method of the oil-retaining bearing, two products are subjected to one-time finishing assembly, so that the working procedures are reduced, and the productivity is saved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the manufacturing process of the oil-impregnated bearing of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the oil-retaining bearing of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the present invention. Elements and features described in one embodiment of the invention may be combined with elements and features shown in one or more other embodiments. It should be noted that the illustration omits illustration and description of components and processes not relevant to the present invention that are known to those of ordinary skill in the art for clarity purposes.
As shown in figure 2, the oil-retaining bearing prepared by the method has the design total height of 13.5mm, the outer diameter of one end of the oil-retaining bearing is in a tooth shape, and the oil-retaining bearing is tightly matched with a fan shell to play a role in positioning and preventing slipping. The lower two parts of the bearing are in interference fit.
The load force at the near end of the motor is slightly larger, so that the motor can bear a certain load, and the far end of the motor needs to have better wear resistance. Therefore, the material selection is carried out to design the production with two materials respectively: firstly, selecting an iron bronze base at the near end of the motor, wherein the outer diameter is a tooth-shaped end; secondly, the iron brass base at the far end of the motor is a cylindrical end; the two material products are then combined.
Considering the ultra low noise characteristics: the product after the bulk combination is designed into a hollow structure: the inner diameter is hollow, and the friction contact surface between the shaft and the bearing is reduced, so that the noise is reduced; the inner diameter is hollow, lubricating oil is injected into the hollow part when the bearing is assembled, and the bearing has the functions of oil storage, oil supplement and lubrication when working). The reasonable and excellent matching of the bearing and the shaft is also considered during the design of the waste rock. The precision grade of the form and position tolerance in the production of the powder metallurgy oil-retaining bearing is generally 8 grades, the design precision grade of the product reaches 6 grades, and the precision requirement is higher.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the preparation method of the high-precision composite material oil-retaining bearing for the low-noise defrosting fan comprises the following steps:
s1: powder mixing: selecting base powder with the purity of more than 99.99 percent, mixing the following raw material powder in percentage by weight, and mixing the raw material powder with the purity of 18 percent of bronze coated iron powder: 80%, copper-tin alloy powder: 20% and graphite powder: 0.8 percent of zinc stearate and the balance of zinc stearate are mixed for 60 minutes by a V-shaped mixer to obtain iron bronze-based powder;
s2: mixing the following raw material powders in percentage by weight, wherein 18% of brass-coated iron powder: 36%, brass powder: 21% and copper-tin alloy powder: 42 percent, and the balance of zinc stearate; mixing for 60 minutes by a V-shaped mixer to obtain iron brass base powder;
s3: and (3) pressing and forming: respectively placing the iron bronze base powder and the iron brass base powder in respective dies for pressing and forming to obtain pressed blanks; because the final form and position tolerance of the product is higher, and the accumulated error of the two products during matching is considered, a 6T press with higher pressing precision is selected, the die adopts a hard alloy die, and the coaxiality is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.01mm during production.
S4: sintering treatment: sintering at the temperature below the melting point of the main element, sintering the pressed compact in an N reducing atmosphere, and cooling to obtain an alloy sintered body, wherein the sintering process comprises the following steps: gradually sintering and heating to 600 ℃ of the temperature of 500-;
s5: and (3) finishing: a pressing member for press-shaping the die for the alloy sintered body to have a predetermined shape, a predetermined density, and a predetermined dimensional accuracy; because the final form and position tolerance of the product is higher, a 25T press with higher pressing precision is selected, and the iron bronze base pressing piece and the iron brass base pressing piece are coaxially butted to form a whole; the mold is a hard alloy mold. During finishing, two products (such as the upper part and the lower part of the product shown in figure 2) are positioned at the same time (the lower core rod is positioned), and once finishing is carried out, so that finishing assembly after the two products are separately finished is avoided, the productivity is saved to a great extent, and the productivity is improved. Through production debugging, the product can meet the design requirement of the drawing. And obtaining the pressing piece.
S6: oil immersion treatment: and (3) placing the pressing piece in a vacuum oil immersion machine for oil immersion treatment, keeping the temperature of 80-100 ℃ in the oil immersion process, filling the pores in the workpiece with high-wear-resistant lubricating oil, and obtaining the high-precision combined material oil-retaining bearing for the low-noise defrosting fan according to the volume percentage.
The oil content of the high-precision combined material oil-containing bearing for the low-noise defrosting fan prepared by the embodiment is 24%, the low-temperature resistance of the used oil is excellent, and the product can meet the requirements of the use environment.
Example 2
S1: powder mixing: selecting base powder with the purity of more than 99.99 percent, mixing the following raw material powder in percentage by weight, and mixing the raw material powder with the purity of 18 percent of bronze coated iron powder: 78.5%, copper-tin alloy powder: 21.0%, graphite powder: 0.2 percent and the balance of zinc stearate.
S2: mixing the following raw material powders in percentage by weight, wherein 18% of brass-coated iron powder: 35.0%, brass powder: 22.5% and copper-tin alloy powder: 42 percent, and the balance of zinc stearate, and mixing for 60 minutes by a V-shaped mixer to obtain iron brass-based powder;
s3: and (3) pressing and forming: respectively placing the iron bronze base powder and the iron brass base powder in respective dies for pressing and forming to obtain pressed blanks; because the final form and position tolerance of the product is higher, and the accumulated error of the two products during matching is considered, a 6T press with higher pressing precision is selected, the die adopts a hard alloy die, and the coaxiality is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.01mm during production.
S4: sintering treatment: sintering at the temperature below the melting point of the main element, sintering the pressed compact in an N reducing atmosphere, and cooling to obtain an alloy sintered body, wherein the sintering process comprises the following steps: gradually sintering and heating to 600 ℃ of the temperature of 500-;
s5: and (3) finishing: a pressing member for press-shaping the die for the alloy sintered body to have a predetermined shape, a predetermined density, and a predetermined dimensional accuracy; because the final form and position tolerance of the product is higher, a 25T press with higher pressing precision is selected, and the iron bronze base pressing piece and the iron brass base pressing piece are coaxially butted to form a whole; the mold is a hard alloy mold. During finishing, two products (such as the upper part and the lower part of the product shown in figure 2) are positioned at the same time (the lower core rod is positioned), and once finishing is carried out, so that finishing assembly after the two products are separately finished is avoided, the productivity is saved to a great extent, and the productivity is improved. Through production debugging, the product can meet the design requirement of the drawing. And obtaining the pressing piece.
S6: oil immersion treatment: and (3) placing the pressing piece in a vacuum oil immersion machine for oil immersion treatment, keeping the temperature of 80-100 ℃ in the oil immersion process, filling the pores in the workpiece with high-wear-resistant lubricating oil, and obtaining the high-precision combined material oil-retaining bearing for the low-noise defrosting fan according to the volume percentage.
The oil content of the high-precision combined material oil-containing bearing for the low-noise defrosting fan prepared by the embodiment is 23.1%, the low-temperature resistance of the used oil is excellent, and the product can meet the requirements of the use environment.
Example 3
S1: powder mixing: selecting base powder with the purity of more than 99.99 percent, mixing the following raw material powder in percentage by weight, and mixing the raw material powder with the purity of 18 percent of bronze coated iron powder: 80.5% and copper-tin alloy powder: 19.0%, graphite powder: 1.0 percent and the balance of zinc stearate.
S2: mixing the following raw material powders in percentage by weight, wherein 18% of brass-coated iron powder: 37.0%, brass powder: 20.5%, copper-tin alloy powder: 42 percent, and the balance of zinc stearate, and mixing for 60 minutes by a V-shaped mixer to obtain iron brass-based powder;
s3: and (3) pressing and forming: respectively placing the iron bronze base powder and the iron brass base powder in respective dies for pressing and forming to obtain pressed blanks; because the final form and position tolerance of the product is higher, and the accumulated error of the two products during matching is considered, a 6T press with higher pressing precision is selected, the die adopts a hard alloy die, and the coaxiality is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.01mm during production.
S4: sintering treatment: sintering at the temperature below the melting point of the main element, sintering the pressed compact in an N reducing atmosphere, and cooling to obtain an alloy sintered body, wherein the sintering process comprises the following steps: gradually sintering and heating to 600 ℃ of the temperature of 500-;
s5: and (3) finishing: a pressing member for press-shaping the die for the alloy sintered body to have a predetermined shape, a predetermined density, and a predetermined dimensional accuracy; because the final form and position tolerance of the product is higher, a 25T press with higher pressing precision is selected, and the iron bronze base pressing piece and the iron brass base pressing piece are coaxially butted to form a whole; the mold is a hard alloy mold. During finishing, two products (such as the upper part and the lower part of the product shown in figure 2) are positioned at the same time (the lower core rod is positioned), and once finishing is carried out, so that finishing assembly after the two products are separately finished is avoided, the productivity is saved to a great extent, and the productivity is improved. Through production debugging, the product can meet the design requirement of the drawing. And obtaining the pressing piece.
S6: oil immersion treatment: and (3) placing the pressing piece in a vacuum oil immersion machine for oil immersion treatment, keeping the temperature of 80-100 ℃ in the oil immersion process, filling the pores in the workpiece with high-wear-resistant lubricating oil, and obtaining the high-precision combined material oil-retaining bearing for the low-noise defrosting fan according to the volume percentage.
The oil content of the high-precision combined material oil-containing bearing for the low-noise defrosting fan prepared by the embodiment is 20.4%, the low-temperature resistance of the used oil is excellent, and the product can meet the requirements of the use environment.
The implementation effect is as follows:
table 1 shows the results of measuring the oil content, the radial crushing strength, and the apparent hardness of the powder metallurgy ultra-low noise long-life oil-retaining bearing of the present invention.
| Name (R) | Oil content% | Radial crushing Strength (MPa) | Apparent Hardness (HB) |
| Example 1 | 24.0％ | 213MPa | 49HB |
| Example 2 | 23.1％ | 220MPa | 45HB |
| Example 3 | 20.4％ | 235MPa | 47HB |
The abrasion resistance and corrosion resistance of the high-precision composite material oil-impregnated bearing for the low-noise defrosting fan according to the present invention will be tested. The material is subjected to an abrasion resistance test in an abrasion resistance tester (YQ-001) to test the specification of the oil-bearing:
test parameters are as follows: PV value is set to 100MPa.m.min-1, shaft running speed is 4000r/min, and continuous running is realized. And randomly taking the same bearing sample, and respectively testing and detecting the running condition under the same running environment. The acetic acid corrosion resistance is tested by adopting a QBT 3827-1999 test method, the alloy is applied to an oil-containing bearing material for a defrosting fan, the bearing test is 1500 hours, the motor is normal, the detected bearing abrasion loss is about 2 mu m, and the service life of the bearing can reach more than 5000 hours by calculation. The acetic acid corrosion resistance of the oil-retaining bearing is higher than the standard, and the oil-retaining bearing is a bi-material design, can bear a certain load and has good wear resistance. The oil-retaining bearing adopts a hollow structure, the outer diameter of one end of the oil-retaining bearing is in a tooth shape, and the outer diameter of the other end of the oil-retaining bearing is in a cylindrical shape, so that the friction contact surface between a shaft and the bearing can be reduced structurally, the generation of noise is effectively controlled and reduced, and the noise is reduced. The oil-retaining bearing of the invention can well reduce the oil loss due to the special self-lubricating function, and greatly improve the use of products (parts)Service life.
Claims (4)
1. A preparation method of a high-precision combined material oil-retaining bearing for a low-noise defrosting fan is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: powder mixing: mixing the following raw material powder in percentage by weight, wherein the iron bronze base comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 78.5-80.5% of 18% bronze-coated iron powder, 19.0-21.0% of copper-tin alloy powder, 0.2-1.0% of graphite powder and the balance of zinc stearate to obtain iron bronze-based powder;
s2: mixing the following raw material powders by weight percent, 35.0-37.0% of brass coated iron powder, 20.5-22.5% of brass powder, 42-44% of copper-tin alloy powder and the balance of zinc stearate; obtaining iron brass base powder;
s3: and (3) pressing and forming: respectively placing the iron bronze base powder and the iron brass base powder in a die for press forming to respectively obtain an iron bronze base pressed blank and an iron brass base pressed blank;
s4: sintering treatment: sintering the added materials below the melting point temperature, sintering the two pressed blanks in an N reducing atmosphere, and then cooling to obtain an iron bronze-based and iron brass-based alloy sintered body;
s5: and (3) finishing: pressing and shaping the alloy sintered body by using a pressing die to obtain an iron bronze base pressing part and an iron brass base pressing part; the die is a hard alloy die;
s6: coaxially butting the iron bronze base pressing piece and the iron brass base pressing piece to form a whole; the coaxiality of the whole is less than or equal to 0.01 mm;
s7: oil immersion treatment: and putting the pressing piece into a vacuum oil immersion machine for oil immersion treatment to obtain the high-precision combined material oil-retaining bearing for the low-noise defrosting fan.
2. The method for manufacturing the high-precision composite material oil-impregnated bearing for the low-noise defrosting fan according to claim 1, wherein the sintering process of the sintering treatment in the step S4 is as follows: gradually sintering and heating to 600 ℃ of temperature of 500-.
3. The method for manufacturing the high-precision composite material oil-impregnated bearing for the low-noise defrosting fan according to claim 1, wherein a 6T press is used for press forming in step S3.
4. The method for manufacturing a high-precision combined material oil-impregnated bearing for a low-noise defrosting fan according to claim 1, wherein the density of the iron bronze-based compact is 5.95-6.05g/cm3, and the density of the iron brass-based compact is 6.15-6.25g/cm 3.
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| CN111451519B (en) * | 2020-04-03 | 2022-10-14 | 龙门金南磁性材料有限公司 | Preparation method of brass-coated iron powder |
| CN111503816B (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2021-10-26 | 广东美的制冷设备有限公司 | Defrosting sound suppression method, storage medium, suppression device and air conditioner |
| CN115287550B (en) * | 2022-09-15 | 2023-06-16 | 海安县鹰球粉末冶金有限公司 | Hollow oil-containing bearing made of high-wear-resistance and high-precision combined material and preparation method thereof |
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| JPS53127309A (en) * | 1977-04-13 | 1978-11-07 | Takaoka Kogyo Kk | Production of sintered oil containing bearing |
| CN1169514A (en) * | 1996-06-21 | 1998-01-07 | 三星电机株式会社 | Sintered hydrodynamic oil-contained bearing |
| CN2557742Y (en) * | 2002-05-30 | 2003-06-25 | 鸿富锦精密工业（深圳）有限公司 | Assembling type bearing |
| CN1316173C (en) * | 2004-12-24 | 2007-05-16 | 上海汽车股份有限公司 | Method of making oil-containing bearing block through powdered metallurgy |
| KR20100014704A (en) * | 2007-04-26 | 2010-02-10 | 가부시키가이샤 고마쓰 세이사쿠쇼 | Copper alloy-based slide material, and copper alloy-based slide member |
| CN102480188B (en) * | 2010-11-25 | 2014-10-01 | 上海思考电子有限公司 | Motor, oil bearing and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN103071800A (en) * | 2012-11-23 | 2013-05-01 | 东睦(江门)粉末冶金有限公司 | Iron-based oil-containing bearing and manufacturing method thereof |
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