CN107228738B - An in-situ tension and compression experimental device for X-ray stress test calibration - Google Patents

An in-situ tension and compression experimental device for X-ray stress test calibration Download PDF

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CN107228738B
CN107228738B CN201710580719.0A CN201710580719A CN107228738B CN 107228738 B CN107228738 B CN 107228738B CN 201710580719 A CN201710580719 A CN 201710580719A CN 107228738 B CN107228738 B CN 107228738B
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displacement
load
bottom plate
guide rail
support frame
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CN107228738A (en
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付雪松
刘崇远
周文龙
陈国清
邵杰
张�杰
邓瑛
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BEIJING AERONAUTICAL MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH INSTITUTE
Dalian University of Technology
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BEIJING AERONAUTICAL MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH INSTITUTE
Dalian University of Technology
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01LMEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L25/00Testing or calibrating of apparatus for measuring force, torque, work, mechanical power, or mechanical efficiency

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)

Abstract

An in-situ tension and compression experimental device calibrated by X-ray stress test comprises a sample clamping mechanism, a load testing mechanism, a displacement transmission mechanism and a slide rail bottom plate mechanism, wherein a left clamp of the clamping mechanism is fixed on a bottom plate, and a right clamp is arranged on a slide block of the slide rail bottom plate mechanism; the sliding rail bottom plate mechanism is fixed between the left clamp and the support frame of the bottom plate; the support frame of the displacement transmission mechanism is installed on the bottom plate, the displacement transmission member is installed on the other sliding block of the sliding block guide rail, the left end of the displacement loading threaded rod is installed in a circular groove of the displacement transmission member, the right end of the displacement loading threaded rod is supported on the support frame, the load testing mechanism is a load sensor, and the central symmetry line of the load sensor is coaxial with the central symmetry line of the displacement loading threaded rod and the central symmetry line of a test sample. The beneficial effects are that: the load transfer coaxiality is good, and the stress value obtained by the sample is accurate and is in a unidirectional stress state; the device has the advantages of simple structure, convenience in manufacturing, small size, convenience in manual regulation and control, high numerical reliability and large load range.

Description

一种用于X射线应力测试标定的原位拉压实验装置An in-situ tension and compression experimental device for X-ray stress test calibration

技术领域technical field

本发明属于原位拉压实验装置技术领域,尤其涉及X射线应力测试标定的原位拉压试验装置。The invention belongs to the technical field of in-situ tension-compression test devices, in particular to an in-situ tension-compression test device for X-ray stress test calibration.

背景技术Background technique

X射线衍射法(XRD)具有无损、快速、精确等许多优点,可以有选择性的,定量的,局部的测量材料的残余应力,不仅适用于变形的样品,也可以直接测量机械零件。因此,该方法已经被广泛应用于晶体材料的机械状态(残余应力)的检测中。但在对某些特定材料残余应力的测试中,如钛合金、奥氏体不锈钢、铝合金等,往往出现多晶面的衍射峰,有些衍射峰则互相叠加。按照传统方法,对于任何一个晶面的衍射峰,只要代入相应晶面的应力常数K即可得到应力结果。而事实上,在我们大量的实验中发现,以某些晶面衍射峰为基础计算的应力往往无规律可循,完全不能反映真实的应力变化。因此,对某些特殊材料残余应力测试前,进行X射线衍射法残余应力测试精确度进行评估至关重要。X-ray diffraction (XRD) has many advantages such as non-destructive, fast, and accurate. It can selectively, quantitatively, and locally measure the residual stress of materials. It is not only suitable for deformed samples, but also can directly measure mechanical parts. Therefore, this method has been widely used in the detection of the mechanical state (residual stress) of crystalline materials. However, in the test of the residual stress of some specific materials, such as titanium alloy, austenitic stainless steel, aluminum alloy, etc., the diffraction peaks of polycrystalline surfaces often appear, and some diffraction peaks are superimposed on each other. According to the traditional method, for the diffraction peak of any crystal plane, the stress result can be obtained by substituting the stress constant K of the corresponding crystal plane. In fact, we found in a large number of experiments that the stress calculated based on the diffraction peaks of certain crystal planes is often irregular and cannot reflect the real stress change at all. Therefore, before the residual stress test of some special materials, it is very important to evaluate the accuracy of the residual stress test of X-ray diffraction method.

由于X射线衍射仪测试空间的局限性以及实验要求,对试验装置有如下要求:①体积小;②载荷加载范围大;③能够对样品进行拉伸、压缩加载;④高精确度。现有技术中,X射线衍射法残余应力测试精确度评估装置为单一的压缩装置或单一的拉伸装置,其不足在于:只能实现单一的功能,且载荷量程很小,构造较复杂。Due to the limitations of the X-ray diffractometer test space and experimental requirements, the test device has the following requirements: ① Small size; ② Large loading range; ③ Capable of tensile and compressive loading of samples; ④ High accuracy. In the prior art, the X-ray diffraction residual stress test accuracy evaluation device is a single compression device or a single tension device, and its disadvantages are: it can only realize a single function, and the load range is small, and the structure is relatively complicated.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明的目的是提供一种X射线应力测试标定的原位拉压实验装置。The object of the present invention is to provide an in-situ tension-compression experimental device for X-ray stress test calibration.

本发明的技术方案是:一种X射线应力测试标定的原位拉压实验装置,包括样品夹持机构、载荷测试机构、位移加载机构、滑轨及底板机构,滑轨及底板机构包括底板和滑块导轨机构,滑块导轨机构包括一根导轨和装在导轨上的二块滑块,导轨固定在底板上,其特征在于:所述夹持机构包括左夹具和右夹具,左夹具和右夹具是方形块,方形块顶面设有测试样品固定螺钉,所述左夹具下面固定安装在底板的左端,右夹具安装在滑块导轨机构的一块滑块上,测试样品的两端用测试样品固定螺钉分别固定在左夹具和右夹具上;所述位移加载机构包括位移传动件、位移加载螺杆、挡板、支撑架和棘轮套筒扳手,所述位移传动件是方形块,方形块的右侧面上开有一圆凹槽,圆凹槽位于方形块右侧面中上部,所述挡板是遮盖在位移传动件右侧面圆凹槽上的板,挡板上开有与位移加载螺纹杆相配合的圆孔,挡板与位移传动件固定连接,所述位移加载螺杆是圆头螺杆,左端是圆头,圆头的端面是球面,右端是六棱柱,六棱柱是与棘轮套筒扳手相配合的六棱柱,所述支撑架是方形块支架,支架中上部开有与位移加载螺纹杆相配合的圆孔,支撑架下面固定安装在底板的右端;所述滑轨及底板机构的滑块导轨机构是精密滑块直线导轨,精密滑块直线导轨的导轨固定在底板上的位置是在左夹具和支撑架之间,所述位移传动件安装在精密滑块直线导轨的另一滑块上,所述位移加载螺杆左端圆头装于位移传动件右侧面的圆凹槽内,圆头端面的圆弧面顶端与圆凹槽底平面一点接触,位移加载螺杆右端穿过挡板支撑在支撑架中上部的圆孔上,位移加载螺杆的中心对称线与测试样品的中心对称线同轴;所述载荷测试机构是载荷传感器,载荷传感器左端固定安装在右夹具上,右端固定安装在位移传动件上,载荷传感器的中心对称线与位移加载螺杆的中心对称线和测试样品的中心对称线同轴。The technical solution of the present invention is: an in-situ tension-compression experimental device for X-ray stress test calibration, including a sample clamping mechanism, a load testing mechanism, a displacement loading mechanism, a slide rail and a bottom plate mechanism, and the slide rail and bottom plate mechanism include a bottom plate and a bottom plate mechanism. Slider guide rail mechanism, the slider guide rail mechanism includes a guide rail and two sliders mounted on the guide rail, the guide rail is fixed on the bottom plate, and the feature is that the clamping mechanism includes a left clamp and a right clamp, a left clamp and a right clamp It is a square block, and the top surface of the square block is provided with a test sample fixing screw, and the bottom of the left fixture is fixedly installed on the left end of the bottom plate, and the right fixture is installed on a slider of the slider guide rail mechanism, and the two ends of the test sample are fixed with the test sample The screws are respectively fixed on the left and right fixtures; the displacement loading mechanism includes a displacement transmission part, a displacement loading screw, a baffle plate, a support frame and a ratchet socket wrench, and the displacement transmission part is a square block, and the right side of the square block There is a circular groove on the surface, and the circular groove is located in the middle and upper part of the right side of the square block. The baffle is a plate covering the circular groove on the right side of the displacement transmission part. There is a threaded rod for displacement loading on the baffle. The matched round hole, the baffle is fixedly connected with the displacement transmission part, the displacement loading screw is a round head screw, the left end is a round head, the end face of the round head is a spherical surface, the right end is a hexagonal prism, and the hexagonal prism is a ratchet socket wrench The matching hexagonal prism, the support frame is a square block support, and the upper part of the support has a round hole matched with the displacement loading threaded rod, and the lower part of the support frame is fixedly installed on the right end of the bottom plate; The block guide rail mechanism is a precision slider linear guide. The position where the guide rail of the precision slider linear guide is fixed on the bottom plate is between the left fixture and the support frame. The displacement transmission part is installed on the other slider of the precision slider linear guide. Above, the round head at the left end of the displacement loading screw is installed in the circular groove on the right side of the displacement transmission member, the top of the arc surface of the end face of the round head is in contact with the bottom plane of the circular groove at one point, and the right end of the displacement loading screw passes through the baffle for support On the round hole in the upper part of the support frame, the central symmetry line of the displacement loading screw is coaxial with the central symmetry line of the test sample; the load testing mechanism is a load sensor, the left end of the load sensor is fixedly installed on the right fixture, and the right end is fixedly installed on the On the displacement transmission member, the center line of symmetry of the load sensor is coaxial with the center line of symmetry of the displacement loading screw and the center line of symmetry of the test sample.

本发明所述一种X射线应力测试标定的原位拉压实验装置,其特征在于:所述位移加载机构上外接数显加载载荷表,数显加载载荷表的精确度为0.2%FS。The in-situ tension-compression test device for X-ray stress test calibration according to the present invention is characterized in that: the displacement loading mechanism is externally connected with a digital display loading load meter, and the accuracy of the digital display loading load meter is 0.2% FS.

本发明所述一种X射线应力测试标定的原位拉压实验装置,其特征在于:所述载荷传感器精确度为0.05%FS。The in-situ tension-compression test device for X-ray stress test calibration according to the present invention is characterized in that the load sensor has an accuracy of 0.05% FS.

本发明的X射线应力测试标定的原位拉压实验装置,以滑块滑轨为基础,将右夹具和位移传动件固定在滑块上,通过棘轮套筒扳手转动加载螺纹杆来控制滑块在滑轨上的移动,对测试样品加载,通过外接数显表显示加载载荷,实现样品的拉伸、压缩加载,并对载荷精确测量。The in-situ tension-compression experimental device for X-ray stress test calibration of the present invention is based on the slide rail of the slider, and the right fixture and the displacement transmission part are fixed on the slider, and the slider is controlled by rotating the loading threaded rod with a ratchet socket wrench Move on the slide rail, load the test sample, display the load through the external digital display, realize the tensile and compressive loading of the sample, and accurately measure the load.

本发明各零件的材料选择:由于加载过程中各接触位置摩擦作用强,因此位移加载螺纹杆和挡板的材料要硬度高、耐磨性好,选用40Cr材料,并进行渗氮处理;为了防止零件生锈造成拉压实验机加载不顺畅、误差等问题其余零件选用不锈钢304;紧固螺丝选用12.9级高强度螺丝。The material selection of each part of the present invention: because each contact position friction is strong in the loading process, so the material of displacement loading threaded rod and baffle plate will hardness height, good wear resistance, select 40Cr material for use, and carry out nitriding treatment; In order to prevent Rusted parts cause problems such as unsmooth loading and errors in the tension and compression testing machine. The rest of the parts are made of stainless steel 304; the fastening screws are made of 12.9 high-strength screws.

本发明的有益效果是:The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1、测试样品、传感器和位移加载螺杆同轴,保证载荷测试的精确度;1. The test sample, the sensor and the displacement loading screw are coaxial to ensure the accuracy of the load test;

2、位移加载螺杆左端面为球面,与之接触的位移传动件右侧凹槽则为平面,两者为点面接触,摩擦力小,加载更省力,同时也为测试样品、载荷传感器、位移加载螺杆精准同轴提供了保证条件;2. The left end surface of the displacement loading screw is a spherical surface, and the groove on the right side of the displacement transmission part in contact with it is a plane. The two are in point-surface contact, with small friction and more labor-saving loading. Precise coaxial loading screw provides guarantee conditions;

3、位移加载螺杆右端设计成配合棘轮套筒扳手的六棱柱结构,用棘轮扳手加载,能有效避免位移加载螺杆转动过程中的死角问题,加载更省力;3. The right end of the displacement loading screw is designed to match the hexagonal structure of the ratchet socket wrench. Loading with the ratchet wrench can effectively avoid the dead angle problem during the rotation of the displacement loading screw, and the loading is more labor-saving;

4、挡板在拉伸加载时是主要受力点,挡板固定在位移传动件上,使拉伸加载更稳定;4. The baffle is the main point of stress during tensile loading, and the baffle is fixed on the displacement transmission part to make the tensile loading more stable;

5、精密滑块直线导轨的应用,使加载方便,且滑块滑轨间摩擦力较小,提高了整个装置的加载精确度。5. The application of the linear guide rail of the precision slider makes loading convenient, and the friction force between the slide rails of the slider is small, which improves the loading accuracy of the whole device.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1是本发明X射线应力测试标定的原位拉压实验装置的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an in-situ tension-compression test device for X-ray stress test calibration of the present invention.

图中:1、样品夹持机构,11、左夹具,12、右夹具;13、测试样品,2、载荷测试机构,21、传感器;3、位移加载机构,31、位移传动件,32、挡板,33、位移加载螺杆,34、支撑架;4、滑轨及底板机构,41、精密滑块直线导轨,42、底板。In the figure: 1. Sample clamping mechanism, 11. Left fixture, 12. Right fixture; 13. Test sample, 2. Load testing mechanism, 21. Sensor; 3. Displacement loading mechanism, 31. Displacement transmission part, 32. Block Plate, 33, displacement loading screw rod, 34, support frame; 4, slide rail and base plate mechanism, 41, precision slider linear guide, 42, base plate.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

一种X射线应力测试标定的原位拉压实验装置,包括样品夹持机构1、载荷测试机构2、位移加载机构3、滑轨及底板机构4,滑轨及底板机构4包括底板42和滑块导轨机构,滑块导轨机构包括一根导轨和装在导轨上的二块滑块,导轨固定在底板上,夹持机构1包括左夹具11和右夹具12,左夹具11和右夹具12是方形块,方形块顶面设有测试样品13固定螺钉,左夹具11下面固定安装在底板42的左端,右夹具12安装在滑块导轨机构的一块滑块上,测试样品13的两端用测试样品固定螺钉分别固定在左夹具11和右夹具12上;位移加载机构3包括位移传动件31、位移加载螺杆33、挡板32、支撑架34和棘轮套筒扳手,位移传动件31是方形块,方形块的右侧面上开有一圆凹槽,圆凹槽位于方形块右侧面中上部,挡板32是遮盖在位移传动件31右侧面圆凹槽上的板,挡板32上开有与位移加载螺杆33相配合的圆孔,挡板32与位移传动件31固定连接,位移加载螺杆33是圆头螺杆,左端是圆头,圆头的端面是球面,右端是六棱柱,六棱柱是与棘轮套筒扳手相配合的六棱柱,支撑架34是方形块支架,支架中上部开有与位移加载螺杆33相配合的圆孔,支撑架34下面固定安装在底板42的右端;位移传动件31安装在滑轨底板机构4的滑块导轨机构的另一滑块上,位移加载螺杆33左端圆头装于位移传动件31右侧面的圆凹槽内,圆头端面的圆弧面顶端与圆凹槽底平面一点接触,位移加载螺杆33右端穿过挡板32支撑在支撑架34中上部的圆孔上,位移加载螺杆33的中心对称线与测试样品13的中心对称线同轴;滑轨底板机构4的滑块导轨机构是精密滑块直线导轨41,精密滑块直线导轨41的导轨固定在底板42上的位置是在左夹具11和支撑架34之间,载荷测试机构2是载荷传感器21,载荷传感器21左端固定安装在右夹具12上,右端固定安装在位移传动件31上,载荷传感器21的中心对称线与位移加载螺杆33的中心对称线和测试样品13的中心对称线同轴。数显加载载荷表的精确度为0.2%FS,载荷量程为±10KN。载荷传感器21精确度为0.05%FS。An in-situ tension and compression experimental device for X-ray stress test calibration, comprising a sample clamping mechanism 1, a load testing mechanism 2, a displacement loading mechanism 3, a slide rail and a bottom plate mechanism 4, the slide rail and bottom plate mechanism 4 includes a bottom plate 42 and a slide The block guide rail mechanism, the slider guide rail mechanism includes a guide rail and two sliders mounted on the guide rail, the guide rail is fixed on the bottom plate, the clamping mechanism 1 includes a left clamp 11 and a right clamp 12, the left clamp 11 and the right clamp 12 are square Block, the top surface of the square block is provided with test sample 13 fixing screws, the left clamp 11 is fixedly installed on the left end of the bottom plate 42, the right clamp 12 is installed on a slider of the slider guide rail mechanism, and the two ends of the test sample 13 use the test sample The fixing screws are respectively fixed on the left clamp 11 and the right clamp 12; the displacement loading mechanism 3 includes a displacement transmission part 31, a displacement loading screw rod 33, a baffle plate 32, a support frame 34 and a ratchet socket wrench, and the displacement transmission part 31 is a square block. There is a circular groove on the right side of the square block, and the circular groove is located at the middle and upper part of the right side of the square block. The baffle plate 32 is a plate covering the circular groove on the right side of the displacement transmission part 31, and the baffle plate 32 is opened. There is a round hole matched with the displacement loading screw 33, the baffle plate 32 is fixedly connected with the displacement transmission part 31, the displacement loading screw 33 is a round head screw, the left end is a round head, the end face of the round head is a spherical surface, and the right end is a hexagonal prism. The prism is a hexagonal prism matched with the ratchet socket wrench, and the support frame 34 is a square block support. The upper part of the support has a round hole matched with the displacement loading screw rod 33, and the support frame 34 is fixedly installed on the right end of the base plate 42 below; Transmission member 31 is installed on another slide block of the slide block guide rail mechanism of slide rail bottom plate mechanism 4, and displacement load screw rod 33 left-end round heads are contained in the circular groove of displacement transmission member 31 right sides, and the circular arc of round head end face The top of the surface is in contact with the bottom plane of the circular groove at one point, and the right end of the displacement loading screw 33 passes through the baffle plate 32 and is supported on the round hole in the middle and upper part of the support frame 34. The central symmetry line of the displacement loading screw 33 is the same as the central symmetry line of the test sample 13. Shaft; the slider guide rail mechanism of the slide rail bottom plate mechanism 4 is a precision slider linear guide 41, and the position where the guide rail of the precision slider linear guide 41 is fixed on the base plate 42 is between the left clamp 11 and the support frame 34, and the load testing mechanism 2 is a load sensor 21, the left end of the load sensor 21 is fixedly installed on the right fixture 12, and the right end is fixedly installed on the displacement transmission member 31, the center line of symmetry of the load sensor 21 and the center line of symmetry of the displacement loading screw 33 and the center of the test sample 13 The line of symmetry is coaxial. The accuracy of the digital display load gauge is 0.2% FS, and the load range is ±10KN. The load cell 21 has an accuracy of 0.05% FS.

使用方法是:The method of use is:

1、使用前,用润滑油对位移加载螺杆33和精密滑块直线导轨41润滑;然后,将测试样品13固定在样品夹持机构的夹具上。完成上述步骤后,将实验装置放入X射线衍射仪内部固定;1. Before use, lubricate the displacement loading screw 33 and the precision slider linear guide 41 with lubricating oil; then, fix the test sample 13 on the clamp of the sample clamping mechanism. After completing the above steps, put the experimental device into the X-ray diffractometer and fix it;

2、使用棘轮扳手转动位移加载螺杆对测试样品13加载,通过数显加载载荷表读出加载载荷;同时,用X射线衍射仪对加载测试样品进行应力测试,测试完成后,对测试结果与加载载荷进行比较,完成对X射线衍射仪应力测试精确度的评估。2. Use a ratchet wrench to rotate the displacement loading screw to load the test sample 13, and read the loaded load through the digital display loading load meter; at the same time, use an X-ray diffractometer to carry out a stress test on the loaded test sample. After the test is completed, compare the test results with the loading The load is compared to complete the evaluation of the accuracy of the stress test of the X-ray diffractometer.

Claims (3)

1. a kind of tension and compression experiment device in situ of X-ray stress test calibration, including sample clamping device (1), load test machine Structure (2), displacement loading mechanism (3), sliding rail and base plate mechanism (4), sliding rail and base plate mechanism (4) include slide block guide rail mechanism and bottom Plate (42), slide block guide rail mechanism include a guide rail and two pieces of sliding blocks on guide rail, and guide rail is fixed on bottom plate, feature Be: the clamping device (1) includes left fixture (11) and right fixture (12), and left fixture (11) and right fixture (12) are rectangular Block, square block top surface are equipped with test sample (13) fixing screws, and the left fixture (11) is fixedly mounted on bottom plate (42) below Left end, right fixture (12) are mounted on one piece of sliding block of slide block guide rail mechanism, and the both ends of test sample (13) are solid with test sample Determine screw to be separately fixed on left fixture (11) and right fixture (12);The displacement loading mechanism (3) includes displacement driving member (31), displacement load screw rod (33), baffle (32), support frame (34) and box socket set, the displacement driving member (31) are Square block is provided with a round recessed on the right side of square block, and round recessed is located at square block right side middle and upper part, the baffle (32) It is the plate covered on displacement driving member (31) right side round recessed, is provided on baffle (32) and matches with displacement load screw rod (33) The circular hole of conjunction, baffle (32) are fixedly connected with displacement driving member (31), and displacement load screw rod (33) is round end screw rod, left end It is round end, the end face of round end is spherical surface, and right end is hexagonal prisms, and hexagonal prisms are the hexagonal prisms matched with box socket set, institute Stating support frame (34) is square block bracket, and bracket middle and upper part is provided with the circular hole matched with displacement load screw rod (33), support frame (34) it is fixedly mounted on the right end of bottom plate (42) below;The slide block guide rail mechanism of the sliding rail and base plate mechanism (4) is accurate cunning Block linear guide (41), the position that the guide rail of accurate sliding block linear guide (41) is fixed on bottom plate (42) are in left fixture (11) Between support frame (34), displacement driving member (31) is mounted on another sliding block of accurate sliding block linear guide (41), institute Rheme is moved in round recessed of load screw rod (33) the left end round end loaded on displacement driving member (31) right side, the arc surface of round end end face Top and one point contact of round recessed baseplane, displacement load screw rod (33) right end pass through baffle (32) and are supported in support frame (34) On the circular hole on top, the centre symmetry line of the centre symmetry line and test sample (13) of displacement load screw rod (33) is coaxial;It is described Load test mechanism (2) is load transducer (21), and load transducer (21) left end is fixedly mounted on right fixture (12), right end It is fixedly mounted in displacement driving member (31), the centre symmetry line of load transducer (21) and the center of displacement load screw rod (33) The centre symmetry line of line of symmetry and test sample (13) is coaxial.
2. a kind of tension and compression experiment device in situ of X-ray stress test calibration as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: described External digital display loaded load table on displacement loading mechanism (3), the accuracy of digital display loaded load table are 0.2%FS.
3. a kind of tension and compression experiment device in situ of X-ray stress test calibration as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that: described The accuracy of load transducer (21) is 0.05%FS.
CN201710580719.0A 2017-07-17 2017-07-17 An in-situ tension and compression experimental device for X-ray stress test calibration Expired - Fee Related CN107228738B (en)

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