CN107222154B - Photovoltaic power generation system utilizing hydrogen fuel cell to store energy and control method thereof - Google Patents

Photovoltaic power generation system utilizing hydrogen fuel cell to store energy and control method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107222154B
CN107222154B CN201710571712.2A CN201710571712A CN107222154B CN 107222154 B CN107222154 B CN 107222154B CN 201710571712 A CN201710571712 A CN 201710571712A CN 107222154 B CN107222154 B CN 107222154B
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hydrogen
oxygen
cooling water
fuel cell
pressure transmitter
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CN107222154A (en
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李福新
王庆桦
韩冬林
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Tianjin Sino German University of Applied Sciences
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Tianjin Sino German University of Applied Sciences
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S10/00—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power
    • H02S10/20—Systems characterised by their energy storage means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
    • H01M8/04358—Temperature; Ambient temperature of the coolant
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04388—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow of anode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04395—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow of cathode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04701—Temperature
    • H01M8/04731—Temperature of other components of a fuel cell or fuel cell stacks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
    • Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, in particular to a photovoltaic power generation system utilizing a hydrogen fuel cell to store energy and a control method thereof, comprising a photovoltaic array, a fuel cell, a power distribution circuit PD, a power synthesis circuit PS, an inverter U, a voltage control circuit V0, a hydrogen compressor, a hydrogen storage device, a hydrogen inlet pressure transmitter P1, a cooling water inlet temperature transmitter T1, an oxygen compressor, an oxygen storage device, an oxygen inlet pressure transmitter P3, a hydrogen outlet pressure transmitter P2, an oxygen outlet pressure transmitter P4, a cooling water outlet temperature transmitter T2, a hydrogen inlet valve V1, a hydrogen side drain valve V2, an oxygen inlet valve V3 and an oxygen side drain valve V4. The invention effectively combines the photovoltaic power generation with the fuel cell. The main control chip in the main control system block diagram of the hydrogen fuel cell has various data bus communication capabilities, and the multi-parameter optimization design of the cell management system is realized.

Description

Photovoltaic power generation system utilizing hydrogen fuel cell to store energy and control method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, in particular to a photovoltaic power generation system utilizing a hydrogen fuel cell to store energy and a control method thereof.
Background
The technical level and the practical degree of solar photovoltaic power generation are remarkably improved, the application range and the scale of the solar photovoltaic power generation are continuously enlarged along with the development of fuel cell technology, meanwhile, the hydrogen fuel cell is gradually recognized by the industry to have wide application prospect in the field of backup power sources, the energy is saved, the environment is protected, and the emission of lead, sulfuric acid and other acidic pollutants is completely avoided. However, the hydrogen fuel cell itself is a very complex nonlinear power supply system, and its output power characteristics are not only affected by the internal structure of the cell, but also limited by factors such as temperature, gas pressure, gas flow rate and load, so that it is very difficult to use hydrogen. The photovoltaic power generation and the fuel cell power generation can be effectively combined together, and the technical difficulty is brought.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the technology and provide a photovoltaic power generation system utilizing a hydrogen fuel cell to store energy and a control method thereof.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme to realize the aim:
a photovoltaic power generation system utilizing hydrogen fuel cells to store energy comprises a photovoltaic array, a fuel cell, a power distribution circuit PD, a power synthesis circuit PS, an inverter U, a voltage control circuit V0, a hydrogen compressor, a hydrogen storage device, a hydrogen inlet pressure transmitter P1, a cooling water inlet temperature transmitter T1, an oxygen compressor, an oxygen storage device, an oxygen inlet pressure transmitter P3, a hydrogen exhaust pressure transmitter P2, an oxygen exhaust pressure transmitter P4, a cooling water outlet temperature transmitter T2, a hydrogen inlet valve V1, a hydrogen side drain valve V2, an oxygen inlet valve V3 and an oxygen side drain valve V4; the electric energy generated by the photovoltaic array is respectively transmitted to the power synthesis circuit PS and the voltage control circuit V0 through the power distribution circuit PD, and the power synthesis circuit PS transmits the electric energy to a load through the inverter U; the voltage control circuit V0 controls the working state of the electrolytic cell, the electrolytic cell is respectively connected with the hydrogen compressor, the oxygen compressor and the cooling water source, the output end of the hydrogen compressor is connected with the hydrogen storage device, the hydrogen storage device is connected with the inlet of the hydrogen inlet valve V1 through the hydrogen inlet pressure transmitter P1, and the outlet of the hydrogen inlet valve V1 is connected with the fuel cell; the output end of the oxygen compressor is connected with the oxygen storage device, the oxygen storage device is connected with the inlet of the oxygen inlet valve V3 through the oxygen inlet pressure transmitter P3, and the outlet of the oxygen inlet valve V3 is connected with the fuel cell; a cooling water inlet temperature transmitter T1 is arranged between the fuel cell and the cooling water source; the output end of the fuel cell is connected with the power synthesis circuit PS; the fuel cell is respectively connected with a first steam-water separator and a second steam-water separator, wherein the first steam-water separator is used for recovering hydrogen and cooling water, a hydrogen exhaust pressure transmitter P2 is arranged on the first steam-water separator, and the first steam-water separator is connected with a cooling water recovery device through a hydrogen side drain valve V2; the second steam-water separator is used for recycling oxygen and cooling water, an oxygen exhaust pressure transmitter P4 is arranged on the second steam-water separator, and the second steam-water separator is connected with the cooling water recycling device through an oxygen side drain valve V4; and the cooling water outlet temperature transmitter T2 is connected between the cooling water recovery device and the fuel cell.
A control method of a photovoltaic power generation system utilizing hydrogen fuel cells to store energy is characterized in that: the system comprises a main control chip, a photovoltaic array, a fuel cell, a power distribution circuit PD, a power synthesis circuit PS, an inverter U, a voltage control circuit V0, a hydrogen compressor, a hydrogen storage device, a hydrogen inlet pressure transmitter P1, a cooling water inlet temperature transmitter T1, an oxygen compressor, an oxygen storage device, an oxygen inlet pressure transmitter P3, a hydrogen exhaust pressure transmitter P2, an oxygen exhaust pressure transmitter P4, a cooling water outlet temperature transmitter T2, a hydrogen inlet valve V1, a hydrogen side drain valve V2, an oxygen inlet valve V3 and an oxygen side drain valve V4; the electric energy generated by the photovoltaic array is respectively transmitted to the power synthesis circuit PS and the voltage control circuit V0 through the power distribution circuit PD, and the power synthesis circuit PS transmits the electric energy to a load through the inverter U; the voltage control circuit V0 controls the working state of the electrolytic cell, the electrolytic cell is respectively connected with the hydrogen compressor, the oxygen compressor and the cooling water source, the output end of the hydrogen compressor is connected with the hydrogen storage device, the hydrogen storage device is connected with the inlet of the hydrogen inlet valve V1 through the hydrogen inlet pressure transmitter P1, and the outlet of the hydrogen inlet valve V1 is connected with the fuel cell; the output end of the oxygen compressor is connected with the oxygen storage device, the oxygen storage device is connected with the inlet of the oxygen inlet valve V3 through the oxygen inlet pressure transmitter P3, and the outlet of the oxygen inlet valve V3 is connected with the fuel cell; a cooling water inlet temperature transmitter T1 is arranged between the fuel cell and the cooling water source; the output end of the fuel cell is connected with the power synthesis circuit PS; the fuel cell is respectively connected with a first steam-water separator and a second steam-water separator, wherein the first steam-water separator is used for recovering hydrogen and cooling water, a hydrogen exhaust pressure transmitter P2 is arranged on the first steam-water separator, and the first steam-water separator is connected with a cooling water recovery device through a hydrogen side drain valve V2; the second steam-water separator is used for recycling oxygen and cooling water, an oxygen exhaust pressure transmitter P4 is arranged on the second steam-water separator, and the second steam-water separator is connected with the cooling water recycling device through an oxygen side drain valve V4; the cooling water outlet temperature transmitter T2 is connected between the cooling water recovery device and the fuel cell;
the main control chip controls the set parameters through an RS485 bus, the parameters of the power distribution circuit PD and the parameters of the power synthesis circuit PS are collected through a CAN bus module of the main control chip, the PD and the PS are respectively the power provided by the photovoltaic power generation system and the power consumed by the load, if the PD is detected to be more than PS, namely the power provided by the photovoltaic power generation system is more than the power consumed by the load, the residual power is provided for the electrolytic cell, the electrolytic cell starts to electrolyze to obtain hydrogen and oxygen, and if the numerical value of the hydrogen gas inlet pressure transmitter P1 and the numerical value of the oxygen gas inlet pressure transmitter P3 are detected to be more than a storage threshold value, the system stops to continue electrolysis through the voltage control circuit V0;
if PD < PS is detected, the system will turn on fuel cell power generation to supplement the shortage of photovoltaic system power: firstly detecting the value of a hydrogen inlet pressure transmitter P1 and the value of a hydrogen outlet pressure transmitter P2, secondly detecting the value of an oxygen inlet pressure transmitter P3 and the value of an oxygen outlet pressure transmitter P4, and if the values of P1, P2, P3 and P4 are detected to be in the normal working threshold range, starting power generation by a fuel cell and synthesizing the power and the power into load power supply by a photovoltaic power generation system; meanwhile, the system can automatically detect the values of the cooling water inlet temperature transmitter T1 and the cooling water outlet temperature transmitter T2, and if the values of the T1 and the T2 are detected to be larger than the threshold value, the radiator can be started to radiate heat; when the values of P1, P2, P3, and P4 are not within the normal operation threshold range, the system turns on the protection mode, and the fuel cell cannot operate to generate power.
The invention has the beneficial effects that the photovoltaic power generation and the fuel cell are effectively combined together. The method is characterized in that the real-time values of sensors for detecting the hydrogen inlet pressure P1, the hydrogen outlet pressure P2, the oxygen inlet pressure P3, the oxygen outlet pressure P4, the cooling water inlet temperature T1, the cooling water outlet temperature T2 and the like are adopted, the actual reaction temperature, the effective hydrogen partial pressure, the effective oxygen partial pressure and other independent variables of the hydrogen fuel cell are accurately controlled by controlling the electrolytic hydrogen production voltage V0 state of the electrolytic cell and the working states of electromagnetic valves such as the hydrogen inlet valve V1, the hydrogen side drain valve V2, the oxygen inlet valve V3 and the oxygen side drain valve V4, so that the aim of controlling the voltage output of the single batteries in the hydrogen fuel cell stack is fulfilled, and the effective synthesis of the fuel cell power generation and the photovoltaic system power generation is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a system block diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a main control chip according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a flow chart of a master control circuit of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments. As shown in fig. 1, a photovoltaic power generation system using hydrogen fuel cells for energy storage comprises a main control chip, a photovoltaic array, a fuel cell, a power distribution circuit PD, a power synthesis circuit PS, an inverter U, a voltage control circuit V0, a hydrogen compressor, a hydrogen storage device, a hydrogen inlet pressure transmitter P1, a cooling water inlet temperature transmitter T1, an oxygen compressor, an oxygen storage device, an oxygen inlet pressure transmitter P3, a hydrogen outlet pressure transmitter P2, an oxygen outlet pressure transmitter P4, a cooling water outlet temperature transmitter T2, a hydrogen inlet valve V1, a hydrogen side drain valve V2, an oxygen inlet valve V3, and an oxygen side drain valve V4; the electric energy generated by the photovoltaic array is respectively transmitted to the power synthesis circuit PS and the voltage control circuit V0 through the power distribution circuit PD, and the power synthesis circuit PS transmits the electric energy to a load through the inverter U; the voltage control circuit V0 controls the working state of the electrolytic cell, the electrolytic cell is respectively connected with the hydrogen compressor, the oxygen compressor and the cooling water source, the output end of the hydrogen compressor is connected with the hydrogen storage device, the hydrogen storage device is connected with the inlet of the hydrogen inlet valve V1 through the hydrogen inlet pressure transmitter P1, and the outlet of the hydrogen inlet valve V1 is connected with the fuel cell; the output end of the oxygen compressor is connected with the oxygen storage device, the oxygen storage device is connected with the inlet of the oxygen inlet valve V3 through the oxygen inlet pressure transmitter P3, and the outlet of the oxygen inlet valve V3 is connected with the fuel cell; a cooling water inlet temperature transmitter T1 is arranged between the fuel cell and the cooling water source; the output end of the fuel cell is connected with the power synthesis circuit PS; the fuel cell is respectively connected with a first steam-water separator and a second steam-water separator, wherein the first steam-water separator is used for recovering hydrogen and cooling water, a hydrogen exhaust pressure transmitter P2 is arranged on the first steam-water separator, and the first steam-water separator is connected with a cooling water recovery device through a hydrogen side drain valve V2; the second steam-water separator is used for recycling oxygen and cooling water, an oxygen exhaust pressure transmitter P4 is arranged on the second steam-water separator, and the second steam-water separator is connected with the cooling water recycling device through an oxygen side drain valve V4; and the cooling water outlet temperature transmitter T2 is connected between the cooling water recovery device and the fuel cell.
The main control chip control system performs priority order control on the system electric energy application: the electric energy generated by the photovoltaic power generation array is firstly supplied to a load through an inverter, and the redundant electric energy is distributed through power, so that the electrolytic cell is started to electrolyze hydrogen and oxygen and stored; when the power generation of the photovoltaic system is insufficient, the fuel cell power supply system is started, the power synthesis is carried out on the electric energy generated by the photovoltaic power generation array and the electric energy generated by the fuel cell, and the electric energy is transmitted to a load through the inverter.
The output signals of sensors such as a hydrogen gas inlet pressure transmitter P1, a hydrogen gas outlet pressure transmitter P2, an oxygen gas inlet pressure transmitter P3, an oxygen gas outlet pressure transmitter P4, a cooling water inlet temperature transmitter T1, a cooling water outlet temperature transmitter T2 and the like are sent into different channels of a main control chip through an isolation conversion interface circuit, and are converted into digital quantities after being sampled by an A/D conversion module to serve as inlet parameters of a control program.
As shown in fig. 1, the output port of the main control chip is mainly used for controlling the working states of electromagnetic valves such as a cooling water inlet temperature transmitter T1, a hydrogen side drain valve V2, an oxygen intake valve V3, an oxygen side drain valve V4, and the like, and besides, the CAN bus module of the main control chip is used for realizing data communication with the power distribution and power synthesis circuit, and the RS485 bus is used for realizing the human-computer interface communication function.
As shown in fig. 3, in the ideal state of the hydrogen fuel cell, the stable voltage output of the hydrogen fuel cell unit can be obtained by precisely controlling the values of variables such as the actual reaction temperature, the effective partial pressure of hydrogen, the effective partial pressure of oxygen, and the like of the hydrogen fuel cell. In the design of a main control circuit of a battery management system, real-time values of sensors such as a hydrogen inlet pressure transmitter P1, a hydrogen outlet pressure transmitter P2, an oxygen inlet pressure transmitter P3, an oxygen outlet pressure transmitter P4, a cooling water inlet temperature transmitter T1, a cooling water outlet temperature transmitter T2 and the like are detected, and the accurate control of independent variables such as actual reaction temperature, effective hydrogen partial pressure, effective oxygen partial pressure and the like of a hydrogen fuel cell is realized by controlling the working states of electromagnetic valves such as a hydrogen inlet valve V1, a hydrogen side drain valve V2, an oxygen inlet valve V3, an oxygen side drain valve V4 and the like, so that the aim of controlling the voltage output of single batteries in a hydrogen fuel cell stack is fulfilled, and the effective synthesis with a photovoltaic power generation system is realized.
As shown in fig. 3, in the flow chart of the main control circuit of the hydrogen fuel cell management system, the main control chip controls the set parameters through the RS485 bus, the parameters of the power distribution circuit PD and the parameters of the power synthesis circuit PS are collected through the CAN bus module of the main control chip, the PD and PS are the power provided by the photovoltaic power generation system and the power consumed by the load respectively, if the PD > PS is detected, that is, the power provided by the photovoltaic power generation system is greater than the power consumed by the load, the residual power is provided for the electrolytic cell, the electrolytic cell starts to electrolyze to obtain hydrogen and oxygen, and if the numerical value of the hydrogen inlet pressure transmitter P1 and the numerical value of the oxygen inlet pressure transmitter P3 are detected to be greater than the storage threshold value, the system stops to continue electrolysis through the voltage control circuit V0;
if PD < PS is detected, the system will turn on fuel cell power generation to supplement the shortage of photovoltaic system power: firstly detecting the value of a hydrogen inlet pressure transmitter P1 and the value of a hydrogen outlet pressure transmitter P2, secondly detecting the value of an oxygen inlet pressure transmitter P3 and the value of an oxygen outlet pressure transmitter P4, and if the values of P1, P2, P3 and P4 are detected to be in the normal working threshold range, starting power generation by a fuel cell and synthesizing the power and the power into load power supply by a photovoltaic power generation system; meanwhile, the system can automatically detect the values of the cooling water inlet temperature transmitter T1 and the cooling water outlet temperature transmitter T2, and if the values of the T1 and the T2 are detected to be larger than the threshold value, the radiator can be started to radiate heat; when the values of P1, P2, P3, and P4 are not within the normal operation threshold range, the system turns on the protection mode, and the fuel cell cannot operate to generate power.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. A photovoltaic power generation system utilizing hydrogen fuel cells to store energy is characterized in that: the system comprises a main control chip, a photovoltaic array, a fuel cell, a power distribution circuit PD, a power synthesis circuit PS, an inverter U, a voltage control circuit V0, a hydrogen compressor, a hydrogen storage device, a hydrogen inlet pressure transmitter P1, a cooling water inlet temperature transmitter T1, an oxygen compressor, an oxygen storage device, an oxygen inlet pressure transmitter P3, a hydrogen exhaust pressure transmitter P2, an oxygen exhaust pressure transmitter P4, a cooling water outlet temperature transmitter T2, a hydrogen inlet valve V1, a hydrogen side drain valve V2, an oxygen inlet valve V3 and an oxygen side drain valve V4; the electric energy generated by the photovoltaic array is respectively transmitted to the power synthesis circuit PS and the voltage control circuit V0 through the power distribution circuit PD, and the power synthesis circuit PS transmits the electric energy to a load through the inverter U; the voltage control circuit V0 controls the working state of an electrolytic cell, the electrolytic cell is respectively connected with the hydrogen compressor, the oxygen compressor and the cooling water source, the output end of the hydrogen compressor is connected with the hydrogen storage device, the hydrogen storage device is connected with the inlet of the hydrogen inlet valve V1 through the hydrogen inlet pressure transmitter P1, and the outlet of the hydrogen inlet valve V1 is connected with the fuel cell; the output end of the oxygen compressor is connected with the oxygen storage device, the oxygen storage device is connected with the inlet of the oxygen inlet valve V3 through the oxygen inlet pressure transmitter P3, and the outlet of the oxygen inlet valve V3 is connected with the fuel cell; a cooling water inlet temperature transmitter T1 is arranged between the fuel cell and the cooling water source; the output end of the fuel cell is connected with the power synthesis circuit PS; the fuel cell is respectively connected with a first steam-water separator and a second steam-water separator, wherein the first steam-water separator is used for recovering hydrogen and cooling water, a hydrogen exhaust pressure transmitter P2 is arranged on the first steam-water separator, and the first steam-water separator is connected with a cooling water recovery device through a hydrogen side drain valve V2; the second steam-water separator is used for recycling oxygen and cooling water, an oxygen exhaust pressure transmitter P4 is arranged on the second steam-water separator, and the second steam-water separator is connected with the cooling water recycling device through an oxygen side drain valve V4; the cooling water outlet temperature transmitter T2 is connected between the cooling water recovery device and the fuel cell;
the main control chip controls the set parameters through an RS485 bus, and the parameters of the power distribution circuit PD and the parameters of the power synthesis circuit PS are collected through a CAN bus module of the main control chip.
2. A control method of a photovoltaic power generation system utilizing hydrogen fuel cells to store energy is characterized in that: the system comprises a main control chip, a photovoltaic array, a fuel cell, a power distribution circuit PD, a power synthesis circuit PS, an inverter U, a voltage control circuit V0, a hydrogen compressor, a hydrogen storage device, a hydrogen inlet pressure transmitter P1, a cooling water inlet temperature transmitter T1, an oxygen compressor, an oxygen storage device, an oxygen inlet pressure transmitter P3, a hydrogen exhaust pressure transmitter P2, an oxygen exhaust pressure transmitter P4, a cooling water outlet temperature transmitter T2, a hydrogen inlet valve V1, a hydrogen side drain valve V2, an oxygen inlet valve V3 and an oxygen side drain valve V4; the electric energy generated by the photovoltaic array is respectively transmitted to the power synthesis circuit PS and the voltage control circuit V0 through the power distribution circuit PD, and the power synthesis circuit PS transmits the electric energy to a load through the inverter U; the voltage control circuit V0 controls the working state of an electrolytic cell, the electrolytic cell is respectively connected with the hydrogen compressor, the oxygen compressor and the cooling water source, the output end of the hydrogen compressor is connected with the hydrogen storage device, the hydrogen storage device is connected with the inlet of the hydrogen inlet valve V1 through the hydrogen inlet pressure transmitter P1, and the outlet of the hydrogen inlet valve V1 is connected with the fuel cell; the output end of the oxygen compressor is connected with the oxygen storage device, the oxygen storage device is connected with the inlet of the oxygen inlet valve V3 through the oxygen inlet pressure transmitter P3, and the outlet of the oxygen inlet valve V3 is connected with the fuel cell; a cooling water inlet temperature transmitter T1 is arranged between the fuel cell and the cooling water source; the output end of the fuel cell is connected with the power synthesis circuit PS; the fuel cell is respectively connected with a first steam-water separator and a second steam-water separator, wherein the first steam-water separator is used for recovering hydrogen and cooling water, a hydrogen exhaust pressure transmitter P2 is arranged on the first steam-water separator, and the first steam-water separator is connected with a cooling water recovery device through a hydrogen side drain valve V2; the second steam-water separator is used for recycling oxygen and cooling water, an oxygen exhaust pressure transmitter P4 is arranged on the second steam-water separator, and the second steam-water separator is connected with the cooling water recycling device through an oxygen side drain valve V4; the cooling water outlet temperature transmitter T2 is connected between the cooling water recovery device and the fuel cell;
the main control chip controls the set parameters through an RS485 bus, the parameters of the power distribution circuit PD and the parameters of the power synthesis circuit PS are collected through a CAN bus module of the main control chip, the PD and the PS are respectively the power provided by the photovoltaic power generation system and the power consumed by the load, if the PD is detected to be more than PS, namely the power provided by the photovoltaic power generation system is more than the power consumed by the load, the residual power is provided for the electrolytic cell, the electrolytic cell starts to electrolyze to obtain hydrogen and oxygen, and if the numerical value of the hydrogen gas inlet pressure transmitter P1 and the numerical value of the oxygen gas inlet pressure transmitter P3 are detected to be more than a storage threshold value, the system stops to continue electrolysis through the voltage control circuit V0;
if PD < PS is detected, the system will turn on fuel cell power generation to supplement the shortage of photovoltaic system power: firstly detecting the value of a hydrogen inlet pressure transmitter P1 and the value of a hydrogen outlet pressure transmitter P2, secondly detecting the value of an oxygen inlet pressure transmitter P3 and the value of an oxygen outlet pressure transmitter P4, and if the values of P1, P2, P3 and P4 are detected to be in the normal working threshold range, starting power generation by a fuel cell and synthesizing the power and the power into load power supply by a photovoltaic power generation system; meanwhile, the system can automatically detect the values of the cooling water inlet temperature transmitter T1 and the cooling water outlet temperature transmitter T2, and if the values of the T1 and the T2 are detected to be larger than the threshold value, the radiator can be started to radiate heat; when the values of P1, P2, P3, and P4 are not within the normal operation threshold range, the system turns on the protection mode, and the fuel cell cannot operate to generate power.
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