CN107222096A - 隔离式并联cuk推挽拓扑 - Google Patents

隔离式并联cuk推挽拓扑 Download PDF

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CN107222096A
CN107222096A CN201710312842.4A CN201710312842A CN107222096A CN 107222096 A CN107222096 A CN 107222096A CN 201710312842 A CN201710312842 A CN 201710312842A CN 107222096 A CN107222096 A CN 107222096A
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power switch
electronic power
armature winding
input
transformer
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蔡义明
王堃宇
石常青
常小霞
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Guangxi Gao Yan Electrical Engineering Co Ltd
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Guangxi Gao Yan Electrical Engineering Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/005—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output using Cuk converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • H02M3/33584—Bidirectional converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • H02M3/33592—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer having a synchronous rectifier circuit or a synchronous freewheeling circuit at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/337—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in push-pull configuration
    • H02M3/3372—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in push-pull configuration of the parallel type
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了隔离式并联CUK推挽拓扑，输入直流电源U1N的正极同时连接电力电子开关T1的漏极和变压器TR的初级绕组N12的同名端，初级绕组N12的异名端同时连接电力电子开关T2的漏极和电容Ci的一端，电容Ci的另一端同时连接变压器TR的初级绕组N11的异名端和电力电子开关T1的源极，初级绕组N11的同名端同时连接电力电子开关T2的源极和输入直流电源U1N的负极；变压器TR的次级绕组N2向负载供电；所述电力电子开关T1和电力电子开关T2均采用GaN晶体管，并受控于输入控制脉冲交替导通或截止。本发明拓扑是隔离式的，防触电安全性好，能输出交流电、能克服直流偏磁问题、能克服漏电感的负面影响、输入纹波和输出纹波都很小、电功效率达0.95以上。

Description

隔离式并联CUK推挽拓扑
技术领域
本发明属于电源技术领域，特别是隔离式并联CUK推挽拓扑。
背景技术
传统非隔离式拓扑有降压型BUCK、升压型BOOST、升降压型BUCK-BOOST、CUK型、Sepic型和Zeta型，降压型BUCK只能降压不能升压，输出与输入同极性，输入电流脉动大，输出电流脉动小，结构简单，应用于各种降压型开关稳压器。升压型BOOST只能升压不能降压，输出与输入同极性，输入电流脉动小，输出电流脉动大，不能空载工作，结构简单，应用于升压型开关稳压器、升压型功率因数校正电路(PFC)。升降压型BUCK-BOOST能降压能升压，输出与输入极性相反，输入输出电流脉动大，不能空载工作，结构简单，应用于反相型开关稳压器。CUK型能降压能升压，输出与输入极性相反，输入输出电流脉动小，不能空载工作，结构复杂，应用于对输入输出纹波要求高的反相型开关稳压器。Sepic型能降压能升压，输出与输入同极性，输入电流脉动小，输出电流脉动大，不能空载工作，结构复杂，应用于升降压型功率因数校正(PFC)电路。Zeta型能降压能升压，输出与输入同极性，输入电流脉动大，输出电流脉动小，不能空载工作，结构复杂，应用于对输出纹波要求高的升降压型开关稳压器。
传统隔离式拓扑有正激型、反激型、全桥型、半桥型和推挽型。正激型电路较简单，成本低，可靠性高，驱动电路简单，缺点是变压器单向励磁，利用率低。功率范围几百瓦～几千瓦，应用于各种中、小功率开关电源。反激型电路非常简单，成本很低，可靠性高，驱动电路简单，但难以达到较大的功率，变压器单向励磁，利用率低，功率范围是几瓦～几十瓦，适用于小功率和消费电子设备、计算机设备开关电源。全桥型的优点是变压器双向励磁，容易达到大功率，但是结构复杂，成本高，可靠性低，需要复杂的多组隔离驱动电路，有直通和偏磁问题，功率范围是几百瓦～几百千瓦，适用于大功率工业用开关电源、焊接电源、电解电源等。半桥型的优点是变压器双向励磁，无变压器偏磁问题，开关较少，成本低，但有直通问题，可靠性胝，需要复杂的隔离驱动电路，功率范围是几百瓦～几千瓦，适用于各种工业用开关电源，计算机设备用电源等。推挽型的优点是变压器双向励磁，变压器一次电流回路只有一个开关，通态损耗较小，驱动简单，但有偏磁问题，功率范围是几百瓦～几千瓦，适用于低输入电压的开关电源。
由上可知，在各种拓扑中输入输出纹波最小的是CUK拓扑，但传统CUK拓扑是非隔离式，存在一定的缺陷。
如图1所示，传统非隔离式CUK拓扑工作原理如下：
①当电力电子开关T1未工作之前，输入电源V1N经电感LIN和二极管DK，向电容Ci充电，电容电压Uci＝UIN。这时输出电压VOUT为零。
②当电力电子开关T1，受控于脉冲信号Ugs而饱合导通时，由于串联电感LIN的作用，电力电子开关T1是零电流导通ZCT软开关；这是UIN输入电源电能转化为LIN磁能的时段，也是电容Ci经导通的电力电子开关T1放电，拉动电感LO有iLO电流，向电容CO充电，同时向负载RO输出UOUT，(与输入UIN反极性)。
③当电力电子开关T1，从导通(ON)转变为截止(off)，电感LIN的电流大小和方向不能突变，这时磁能转化为电容Ci的电能，二极管正向导通压降很小可以忽略，可以认为电力电子开关T1是零电压截止ZVT软开关过程。同时电感LO的电流经二极管DK续流，向电容CO充电同时向负载R0供电，由于L0-C0滤波作用，所以输出电压VOUT的纹波较小。
④由以上可知，电力电子开关T1承受最高电压UDSM为：
UDSM＝UIN+UOUT
电容CK承受最高电压UDKM：
UDKM＝UIN+UOUT
电压变换的电压比：
⑤缺点：传统非隔离式CUK拓扑，只能输出直流，而且是反极性直流，不能输出交流电，局限了使用的灵活性。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种能输出交流电、能克服直流偏磁问题、能克服漏电感的负面影响、输入纹波和输出纹波都很小、电功效率达0.95以上的隔离式并联CUK推挽拓扑。
本发明采用如下技术方案解决上述技术问题：
隔离式并联CUK推挽拓扑，输入直流电源U1N的正极同时连接电力电子开关T1的漏极和变压器TR的初级绕组N12的同名端，初级绕组N12的异名端同时连接电力电子开关T2的漏极和电容Ci的一端，电容Ci的另一端同时连接变压器TR的初级绕组N11的异名端和电力电子开关T1的源极，初级绕组N11的同名端同时连接电力电子开关T2的源极和输入直流电源U1N的负极；变压器TR的次级绕组N2向负载供电；
所述电力电子开关T1和电力电子开关T2均采用GaN晶体管，电力电子开关T1有伴生的体二极管D1，电力电子开关T2有伴生的体二极管D2；电力电子开关T1和电力电子开关T2受控于输入控制脉冲交替导通或截止。
所述电力电子开关T1的栅极和源极之间、电力电子开关T2的栅极和源极之间分别连接输入控制脉冲，由输入控制脉冲控制电力电子开关T1和电力电子开关T2交替导通或截止。
所述电力电子开关T1和电力电子开关T2均采用GS61004B。
本发明的显著优点在于：
1、传统的CUK拓朴是非隔离式的，而本发明的拓扑结构是隔离式的，防触电安全性好。
2、传统的CUK拓朴只用一只电力电子开关，而本发明采用两只电力电子开关，输出较大。
3、传统的CUK拓朴只能输出与输入电压极性相反的直流，而本发明可以输出交流，灵活方便。
4、传统的CUK拓朴的电感存在直流偏磁问题，只使用磁性材料第I象限，而本发明充分使用磁性材料第I至第III象限，克服直流偏磁问题。
5、传统的CUK拓朴的优点是输入纹波和输出纹波都很小，本发明的输入法纹波也很小，由于是推挽式双向激磁，隔离式次级具有信频作用如需输出直流时，信频的纹波也很容易滤平纹波。能实现输入电流纹波小于50mA，输出电压纹波小于200mV。
6、本发明是零电流导通、零截止的ZCZVT软开关。
7、本发明能把漏电感在电力电子开关瞬变过程所贮存的磁能，在下一个半波中转化为电能正能量缴磁，能克服漏电感的负面影响。有效提升电功效率，使电功效率E_ff在0.95以上。
8、本发明能把杂散分布电容和寄生电感等相关的杂波电磁能量，全部整流后反馈给输入电源，有效提升电功效率，使电功效率E_ff在0.95以上。
9、本发明的次级如果采用同步整流，则很方便运行于DC-DC双向能量传输方式。有效提升电功效率，使电功效率E_ff在0.95以上。
附图说明
图1是传统非隔离式CUK拓扑的电路原理图。
图2是本发明隔离式并联CUK推挽拓扑的电路原理图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作详细说明，但不构成对本发明权利要求保护范围的限制。
如图2所示，本发明隔离式并联CUK推挽拓扑，输入电源U1N的正极同时连接电力电子开关T1的漏极和变压器TR的初级绕组N12的同名端，初级绕组N12的异名端同时连接电力电子开关T2的漏极和电容Ci的一端，电容Ci的另一端同时连接变压器TR的初级绕组N11的异名端和电力电子开关T1的源极，初级绕组N11的同名端同时连接电力电子开关T2的源极和输入电源U1N的负极；变压器TR的次级绕组N2输出交流电，可以经整流后向负载供电；所述电力电子开关T1和电力电子开关T2均采用GaN晶体管GS61004B。所述电力电子开关T1的栅极和源极之间连接输入控制脉冲，由输入控制脉冲的脉冲周波控制导通；而电力电子开关T2的栅极和源极之间也连接输入控制脉冲，由输入控制脉冲的另一脉冲周波q控制导通；输入控制脉冲控制电力电子开关T1和电力电子开关T2交替导通或截止。
本实施例中，输入电源U1N为直流350±50V，采用开关电源技术把可变的输入直流电源变换成600V稳压的直流工作母线电压。相对于原来300V-400V的输入电源，这样变换后变压器TR初级电流能减少到原来的三分之二以下，能使初级铜耗减少到原来的一半。
变压器TR采用普通的铁氧体磁芯，频率为16KHz-20KHz超音频范围内，无噪音，铁损也不太大；功率密度为每立方英寸10W以上，采用平面磁芯或平面绕组，提高工作频率，可以缩小体积，提升功率密度。
本实施例的隔离式并联CUK推挽拓扑工作原理如下：
①本拓扑结构高压侧采用2片电力电子开关管T1和电力电子开关管T2，低压侧采用同步整流方法。
②当电力电子开关T1和电力电子开关管T2未动作之前，输入电源U1N经初级绕组N12、初级绕组N11给电容Ci充电，电容Ci电压等于电源电压U1N。
③当电力电子开关T1受控于输入控制脉冲周波而饱和导通(ON)时段，电力电子开关T2截止(off)，这时输入电源U1N经电力电子开关T1(导通ON)向初级绕组N11激磁，电流从电源U1N正极流出，依次流经电力电子开关T1、初级绕组N11，回到电源U1N负极。同时，电容Ci贮能经初级绕组N12由电力电子开关T1形成放电回路，电流从初级绕组N12的同名端流出。这两股电流均同方向分别流出初级绕组N11和初级绕组N12的同名端，所以称为“并联推挽”。
④当T1由导通(ON)转为截止(off)时，上述初级绕组N11的电感包括漏电感的能量，经电力电子开关T2伴生的体二极管D2向电容Ci续流充电。同时，初级绕组N12的电感包括漏电感的能量，也经体二极管D2向输入电源U1N回馈电能。传统隔离式拓扑的“漏电感”是负面因素，而本发明的隔离式CUK推挽拓扑之中，漏电感也是电感，也起贮能及释入磁能转变为正能量激磁电流的作用。这是十分重要的独特优点，预示本发明拓扑在漏电感较大的平面绕组和平面磁芯应用之中，不再惧怕“漏电感”的负面影响，而有更好的作为。
⑤当电力电子开关T2受控于输入控制脉冲另一个周波q由截止转为导通(ON)时段，输入电源U1N向初级绕组N12激磁，电流是从初级绕组N12的同名端流入，经电力电子开关T2回到输入电源U1N的负极。同时，电容Ci贮能放电，电流流入初级绕组N11的同名端，经电力电子开关T2构成回路。这两股激磁电流均同方向分别流入初级绕组N11和的初级绕组N12的同名端，所以也是“并联推挽”。
⑥当脉冲周波q时段之后，电力电子开关T2由导通(ON)转为截止(off)时，初级绕组N12的电感包括漏电感的能量，向电容Ci充电，经电力电子开关T1伴生的体二极管D1形成回路。同时，初级绕组N11的电感包括漏电感的能量，经体二极管D1向输入电源U1N回馈电能。由此可见，所有的寄生电感和杂散分布电容，所有电磁杂波电磁能量，均经体二极管整流后回馈给电源，这是本拓扑独特优点，有利于提升电功效率。
⑦传统隔离式CUK初级绕组不能串入电容，而本发明拓扑结构在两初级绕组之间，串入电容Ci，加上每一个初级绕组均为双向激磁，克服了传统推挽结构不对称引起的单向直流偏磁的大问题，这是本发明的又一独特亮点，可预示在大批量工业化生产过程中，正品率能够有效提升。
⑧本发明隔离式CUK推挽拓扑，克服了半桥式、全桥式的直通危险。
⑨当代超级计算机的芯片工作电压愈来愈低，次级电流愈来愈大，次级拓扑多数应用同步整流，把次级交流整流为直流，或用超级电容滤波，使本发明拓扑结构很方便就运行在“双向DC-DC”馈能方式，有效提升系统的电功率。
为降低损耗，本实施例的次级同步整流，可以采用两种方式：
A、全波同步整流，即变压器次级绕组带中心抽头，用两只GaN晶体管进行整流。
B、桥式同步整流，即变压器次级绕组不带中心抽头，用四只GaN晶体管进行整流。
⑩最新GaN电力电子开关的伴生体二极管，由于没有传统二极管反向电荷贮存问题，效率很高，运用于本发明电路之中，实践效果超越单晶硅(Si)的MOSFET运行效果。这也是本发明GaN电力电子开关应用过程中的新创新。

Claims (3)

1.隔离式并联CUK推挽拓扑，其特征在于，输入直流电源U1N的正极同时连接电力电子开关T1的漏极和变压器TR的初级绕组N12的同名端，初级绕组N12的异名端同时连接电力电子开关T2的漏极和电容Ci的一端，电容Ci的另一端同时连接变压器TR的初级绕组N11的异名端和电力电子开关T1的源极，初级绕组N11的同名端同时连接电力电子开关T2的源极和输入直流电源U1N的负极；变压器TR的次级绕组N2向负载供电；
所述电力电子开关T1和电力电子开关T2均采用GaN晶体管，电力电子开关T1有伴生的体二极管D1，电力电子开关T2有伴生的体二极管D2；电力电子开关T1和电力电子开关T2受控于输入控制脉冲交替导通或截止。
2.如权利要求1所述的隔离式并联CUK推挽拓扑，其特征在于，所述电力电子开关T1的栅极和源极之间、电力电子开关T2的栅极和源极之间分别连接输入控制脉冲，由输入控制脉冲控制电力电子开关T1和电力电子开关T2交替导通或截止。
3.如权利要求1所述的隔离式并联CUK推挽拓扑，其特征在于，所述电力电子开关T1和电力电子开关T2均采用GS61004B。
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