CN107221661A - A kind of preparation method of graphite negative material of lithium ion battery - Google Patents

A kind of preparation method of graphite negative material of lithium ion battery Download PDF

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CN107221661A
CN107221661A CN201710461050.3A CN201710461050A CN107221661A CN 107221661 A CN107221661 A CN 107221661A CN 201710461050 A CN201710461050 A CN 201710461050A CN 107221661 A CN107221661 A CN 107221661A
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graphite
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porous
carbon
lithium ion
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/362—Composites
    • H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
    • H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
    • H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
    • H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/628—Inhibitors, e.g. gassing inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
    • H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of preparation method of graphite negative material of lithium ion battery, the modification of porous carbon doping and carbon coating to graphite can solve graphite high rate capability it is poor the problem of, because the porous carbon of doping serves the effect of electric transmission cushion in graphite material, therefore the introducing of the cycle performance and the other carbon material of high magnification charge and discharge point performance that improve graphite material can effectively suppress common embedding effect of the electrolyte to graphite, the anti-organic solvent erosiveness of graphite is improved, the cycle performance of graphite is further improved.

Description

A kind of preparation method of graphite negative material of lithium ion battery
The application is application number：2015102660462, the applying date：05 month 2015 22 days, denomination of invention：It is a kind of porous Graphite dopping and the divisional application of the preparation method of carbon coating graphite cathode material.
Technical field
The present invention relates to lithium ion battery negative material, and in particular to a kind of preparation of graphite negative material of lithium ion battery Method.
Background technology
With the development of automobile industry, the exhaustion of the non-renewable fossil fuel such as oil, natural gas is of increasing concern, empty Gas pollutes and room temperature effect also turns into global problem.To solve energy problem, low-carbon environment-friendly is realized, based on current energy skill The development level of art, electric vehicle engineering is increasingly becoming the emphasis direction of global economic development, the U.S., Japan, Germany, China etc. The national fuel vehicle of limitation in succession is used, and greatly develops electric car.It is used as the core component of electric automobile --- electrokinetic cell is also met Big good opportunity to develop is carried out.Electrokinetic cell refers to the battery applied to electric car, including lithium ion battery, lead-acid battery, combustion Expect battery etc., wherein, lithium ion battery is because with specific energy is high, specific power is big, self discharge is few, service life length and security are good The advantages of, it has also become the emphasis of current various countries' development.
Lithium ion battery is as the remarkable new generation of green high-energy battery of performance, and it has, and high voltage, energy density are big, follow The distinguishing feature such as ring performance is good, self discharge is small, memory-less effect, operating temperature range are wide.Present lithium ion cell electrode material Expect that positive electrode is mainly LiCoO2、LiNiO2And LiMn2O4Deng.Co systems toxicity is larger, and Ni systems synthesis condition is harsh, Mn systems Jahn-Teller effect cycle performances are bad.LiFePO4Being acknowledged as comparing in lithium ion battery of future generation has before application One of positive electrode of scape.However, the security of negative pole is then often ignored by people, current lithium ion battery negative material is main It is carbon material.
And there is relatively low lithium insertion/deintercalation current potential as the graphite type material of lithium ion battery negative material, it is suitable Reversible capacity and aboundresources, it is cheap the advantages of, be more satisfactory lithium ion battery negative material.But there is also head for it Secondary discharging efficiency is low, cycle performance is poor, it is selectively high to electrolyte the shortcomings of, be restricted graphite material application.To understand The certainly disadvantages mentioned above of graphite material, people are modified processing to graphite by various methods, and the method generally used at present is Carbon coating method.Yang Ruizhi etc. exists《Resin carbon coated graphite as lithium ion battery negative electrode research》（《Journal of Inorganic Materials》, 2000,15（4）：712—718）In with liquid-phase impregnation process in natural flake graphite Surface coating phenolic resin, filled with constant current, Electric discharge, powder microelectrode cyclic voltammetry has investigated charging-discharging performances.Test result indicates that, thermally treated phenolic resin carbon Coated graphite material puts that a capacity is higher, and cycle life is longer, can as high performance lithium ion battery negative material.He Ming Deng《The preparation of resin carbon-coated graphite and its chemical property》（《Battery》, 2003,3（5）：281—284）In in day Right micro crystal graphite particle surface coats one layer of resin carbon, and cladding processing can reduce the appearance irreversible first of natural micro crystal graphite Amount, using first mixing and then scattered method coated graphite, inside is natural micro crystal graphite, and outside is 1~2 μm of phenolic resin Pyrolytic carbon layer.The irreversible capacity that lithium ion experimental cell measures natural micro crystal graphite is 14%, the irreversible capacity of coated graphite For 7%.Cladding processing can largely reduce the irreversible capacity of natural micro crystal graphite.Chen Meng etc. exists《Pitch-coating is natural The preparation of graphite and performance study》（《Battery industry》, 2007,12（5）：298—302）Using liquid phase coating method, pitch is split Carbon coating is solved on natural spherical plumbago, to improve its cycle performance.Test result indicates that, native graphite after pitch-coating, Irreversible capacity loss has been reduced to 32.5mAh/g from 125.5mAh/g, and specific capacity is brought up to from 290.8mAh/g 365.3mAh/g, the capability retention after 50 circulations has brought up to 93.66% from 55.4%, effectively improves following for native graphite Ring performance.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are to provide a kind of preparation method of graphite negative material of lithium ion battery, mesh Be solve that graphite high-rate charge-discharge capability is poor and the problems such as anti-electrolyte organic solvent poor compatibility, raising discharge and recharge Cycle performance.
The present invention solve the technical scheme that is used of above-mentioned technical problem for：A kind of graphite negative material of lithium ion battery Preparation method, comprises the following steps：
（1）Configuration concentration is 1~12 mg/mL potassium permanganate solution, adds graphite and carries out oxidation pore-creating, washing and drying is obtained To porous graphite；
（2）According to porous graphite：Graphite=（0.02~0.1）：1 ratio, while 5~20% ratio of graphite weight adds one Quantitative carbon matrix precursor, is well mixed, obtains porous graphite and graphite and carbon matrix precursor composite granule；
（3）Under inert gas shielding, the composite granule in step (2) is heated to 700~950 with 2~10 DEG C/min heatings DEG C, and continue 3~20 hours, that is, obtain graphite negative material of lithium ion battery.
Step（1）In graphite be native graphite, particle diameter D50≤5 μm, specific surface area >=10m2/g。
Step（2）In graphite be Delanium or native graphite, particle diameter D50 is between 5~25 μm, specific surface area≤6m2/ G, tap density >=0.7g/cm3。
Step（2）Described in carbon matrix precursor be sodium cellulose glycolate, polyvinyl alcohol, phenolic resin, epoxy resin, Portugal Mixture more than one or both of grape sugar, starch, pitch.
Step（3）Described inert gas is argon gas.
Compared with prior art, the advantage of the invention is that porous graphite doping improves the conductance of graphite with carbon coating Rate, obtained graphite negative material of lithium ion battery specific capacity is high, and good cycle can be widely applied to various lithium-ion electrics Pond.Meanwhile, preparation method of the invention is with low cost, and technique is simple, is suitable for large-scale industrial production.
The problem of high rate capability that porous carbon can solve graphite to the doping vario-property of graphite is poor, it is porous due to doping Carbon serves the effect of electric transmission cushion in graphite material, therefore improves the cycle performance and high magnification of graphite material The introducing of the other carbon material of charge and discharge point performance can effectively suppress common embedding effect of the electrolyte to graphite, and raising graphite resists organic molten Agent erosiveness, further improves the cycle performance of graphite.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1
A kind of preparation method of graphite negative material of lithium ion battery, comprises the following steps：
（1）5 mg/mL potassium permanganate solution is prepared, by 50g native graphite（Particle diameter D50：3.63 μm, specific surface area： 12.51m2/g）Be added in solution, then oxidation processes 60min is washed with water to neutrality, then dry for standby；
（2）According to porous graphite：Graphite（D50：10.82 μm, specific surface area：6.1m2/ g, tap density：0.96g/cm3）= 0.02：1 ratio, while adding a certain amount of carbon matrix precursor according to the ratio of graphite weight 5%（Pitch powder）, it is well mixed, Obtain porous graphite and graphite and carbon matrix precursor composite granule；
（3）Under inert gas shielding, the composite granule in step (2) is heated to 950 DEG C with 10 DEG C/min heatings, and hold It is continuous 3 hours, cool down to after room temperature, pulverize and sieve, that is, obtain graphite negative material of lithium ion battery.
Embodiment 2
A kind of preparation method of graphite negative material of lithium ion battery, comprises the following steps：
（1）10 mg/mL potassium permanganate solution is prepared, by 50g native graphite（Particle diameter D50：5.42 μm, specific surface area： 18.12m2/g）Be added in solution, then oxidation processes 30min is washed with water to neutrality, then dry for standby；
（2）According to porous graphite：Graphite（D50：17.21 μm, specific surface area：5.8m2/ g, tap density：0.85g/cm3）= 0.1：1 ratio, while adding a certain amount of carbon matrix precursor according to the ratio of graphite weight 10%（Phenolic resin powder）, mixing Uniformly, porous graphite and graphite and carbon matrix precursor composite granule are obtained；
（3）Under inert gas shielding, the composite granule in step (2) is heated to 900 DEG C with 5 DEG C/min heatings, and continue 5 hours, cool down to after room temperature, pulverize and sieve, that is, obtain graphite negative material of lithium ion battery.
Embodiment 3
A kind of preparation method of graphite negative material of lithium ion battery, comprises the following steps：
（1）8 mg/mL potassium permanganate solution is prepared, by 50g native graphite（Particle diameter D50：7.28 μm, specific surface area： 15.42m2/g）Be added in solution, then oxidation processes 50min is washed with water to neutrality, then dry for standby；
（2）According to porous graphite：Graphite（D50：8.14 μm, specific surface area：6.9m2/ g, tap density：1.04g/cm3）= 0.08：1 ratio, while adding a certain amount of carbon matrix precursor according to the ratio of graphite weight 7%（Epoxy resin powder）, mixing Uniformly, porous graphite and graphite and carbon matrix precursor composite granule are obtained；
（3）Under inert gas shielding, the composite granule in step (2) is heated to 850 DEG C with 8 DEG C/min heatings, and continue 6 hours, cool down to after room temperature, pulverize and sieve, that is, obtain graphite negative material of lithium ion battery.
Comparative example 1
Undressed native graphite in embodiment 1.
Comparative example 2
Undressed Delanium in embodiment 2.
Electrochemical property test
For the performance for the modification lithium-ion battery graphite cathode material for examining the inventive method preparation, entered with half-cell method of testing Row test, with above example and the negative material of comparative example：Acetylene black：PVDF（Kynoar）=95：2：3（Weight ratio）, Plus appropriate NMP（1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE）Pulpous state is tuned into, is coated on copper foil, negative pole is made within 8 hours through 110 DEG C of dryings of vacuum Piece；Using metal lithium sheet as to electrode, electrolyte is 1mol/L LiPF6/EC+DEC+DMC=1：1：1, microporous polypropylene membrane be every Film, is assembled into battery.Charging/discharging voltage is 0~2.0V, and charge-discharge velocity is 0.5C, and battery performance is carried out can test, test It the results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 for negative material in not be the same as Example and comparative example performance comparision
The general principle and principal character and advantages of the present invention of the present invention, the technical staff of the industry has been shown and described above It should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, simply illustrate the present invention described in above-described embodiment and specification Principle, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, various changes and modifications of the present invention are possible, these change and Improvement all fall within the protetion scope of the claimed invention, and the claimed scope of the invention is by appended claims and its equivalent Thing is defined.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of preparation method of graphite negative material of lithium ion battery, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
（1）Prepare porous graphite：Configuration concentration is 1-12mg/mL potassium permanganate solution, adds graphite and carries out oxidation pore-creating, Washing and drying, obtains porous graphite；
（2）It is prepared by graphite presoma：According to porous graphite：Graphite=（0.02~0.1）：1 ratio, while according to graphite weight 5~20% ratio add a certain amount of carbon matrix precursor, be well mixed, obtain porous graphite and graphite and carbon matrix precursor is multiple Close powder；
（3）High-temperature process：Under inert gas shielding, by step（2）The powder of middle drying is heated to 2~10 DEG C/min heatings 700~950 DEG C, and continue 3-20 hours, that is, obtain porous graphite doping and carbon coating graphite cathode material.
2. porous graphite doping and the preparation method of carbon coating graphite cathode material according to claim 1, its feature exist In step（1）In graphite be native graphite, particle diameter D50≤5 μm, specific surface area >=10m2/g。
3. porous graphite doping and the preparation method of carbon coating graphite cathode material according to claim 1 or 2, it is special Levy and be, step（2）In graphite be Delanium or native graphite, particle diameter D50 is between 5~25 μm, specific surface area≤6m2/ G, tap density >=0.7g/cm3。
4. porous graphite doping and the preparation method of carbon coating graphite cathode material according to claim 3, its feature exist In step（2）Described in carbon matrix precursor for sodium cellulose glycolate, polyvinyl alcohol, phenolic resin, epoxy resin, glucose, Mixture more than one or both of starch, pitch.
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CN109850886A (en) * 2019-01-18 2019-06-07 华南理工大学 A kind of cellular graphite material and the preparation method and application thereof
CN113113600A (en) * 2021-04-06 2021-07-13 常德速碳新能源科技有限公司 Negative electrode material for lithium ion secondary battery and preparation method thereof

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CN107611445A (en) * 2017-09-18 2018-01-19 华南师范大学 A kind of preparation method of lithium ion battery graphite cathode material
CN108417800B (en) * 2018-03-07 2021-01-12 深圳市本征方程石墨烯技术股份有限公司 Graphene-coated graphite/metal composite powder negative electrode material and preparation method thereof
CN109546099B (en) * 2018-10-16 2021-08-31 中航锂电（洛阳）有限公司 Graphite composite negative electrode material, preparation method thereof and lithium ion battery
CN110165179B (en) * 2019-05-24 2022-07-08 广西安德丰新能源有限公司 Lithium battery negative electrode material, preparation method thereof and lithium battery containing negative electrode material
CN114477160B (en) * 2020-10-27 2023-07-18 武汉大学 Method for preparing high-purity porous graphite
CN114520314B (en) * 2020-11-19 2024-02-27 湖南中科星城石墨有限公司 Negative electrode material with porous carbon coating layer, preparation method thereof and lithium ion battery
CN112952069A (en) * 2021-04-06 2021-06-11 黑龙江省宝泉岭农垦溢祥新能源材料有限公司 Production process of carbon-coated graphite negative electrode material
CN112952070A (en) * 2021-04-08 2021-06-11 黑龙江省宝泉岭农垦溢祥新能源材料有限公司 Graphite lithium battery negative electrode material and preparation method thereof
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CN113113600A (en) * 2021-04-06 2021-07-13 常德速碳新能源科技有限公司 Negative electrode material for lithium ion secondary battery and preparation method thereof

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Application publication date: 20170929