CN107219391A - Quality of voltage Monitoring Indexes device - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种应用于变电站的电压质量指标监测装置。The invention relates to a voltage quality index monitoring device applied to a substation.
背景技术Background technique
随着人们生活水平的日益提高和电力市场环境的日趋开放，电网的电能质量问题越来越受到人们的关注。电压质量指标是电能质量的一项重要组成部分，是衡量供电质量的优劣的一系列指标，它包括：电压偏差、谐波、三相电压不平衡、电压波动与闪变、电压暂升与电压暂降、频率等。供电电压质量的好坏，将直接影响到客户设备的安全运行及产品质量的优劣，是电网企业提升服务水平的重要内涵。供电电压质量的优劣直接反映了电网管理部门技术水平的高低，反映了电网结构是否合理，因此提高供供电电压质量既是广大用电客户期望，也是供电企业必须达到的主要技术指标之一，是企业管理工作的一项重要基础工作，也是一项综合性工作。With the improvement of people's living standards and the opening of the power market environment, the power quality of the power grid has attracted more and more attention. Voltage quality index is an important part of power quality, and it is a series of indexes to measure the quality of power supply. It includes: voltage deviation, harmonics, three-phase voltage unbalance, voltage fluctuation and flicker, voltage swell and Voltage dips, frequency, etc. The quality of power supply voltage will directly affect the safe operation of customer equipment and product quality, which is an important connotation for power grid enterprises to improve service levels. The quality of power supply voltage directly reflects the technical level of the power grid management department and whether the grid structure is reasonable. Therefore, improving the quality of power supply voltage is not only the expectation of the majority of power consumers, but also one of the main technical indicators that power supply companies must achieve. An important basic work of enterprise management is also a comprehensive work.
《电能质量供电电压偏差》(GB/T12325-2008)、《电能质量电压波动和闪变》(GB/T12326-2008)、《电能质量三相电压不平衡》(GB/T15543-2008)、《电能质量公用电网谐波》(GB/T14549-1993)、《电能质量电压暂降与短时中断》(GB/T30137-2013)、《电能质量电力系统频率偏差》(GB/T15945-2008)等标准对于相关指标的要求作出了明确的定义，为此，需要一种应用于变电站的电压质量指标监测装置以监测各项供电质量指标的情况，为评估治理提供量化的依据。"Power Quality Supply Voltage Deviation" (GB/T12325-2008), "Power Quality Voltage Fluctuation and Flicker" (GB/T12326-2008), "Power Quality Three-phase Voltage Unbalance" (GB/T15543-2008), " Power Quality Public Power Grid Harmonics" (GB/T14549-1993), "Power Quality Voltage Dips and Short Interruptions" (GB/T30137-2013), "Power Quality Power System Frequency Deviation" (GB/T15945-2008), etc. The standard has made a clear definition of the requirements for relevant indicators. For this reason, a voltage quality indicator monitoring device applied to substations is needed to monitor the status of various power supply quality indicators and provide a quantitative basis for evaluation and governance.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种适用于变电站中能够对各项电压质量指标进行全面监测的装置。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a device suitable for a substation capable of comprehensively monitoring various voltage quality indicators.
为达到上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:
一种电压质量指标监测装置，与变电站的变压器二次侧母线相连接并用于监测所述变压器二次侧的电压信号的质量，所述电压质量指标监测装置包括信号调理电路、电压测量单元、主控单元、数据通信单元和数据存储单元；A voltage quality index monitoring device, which is connected with the transformer secondary side bus bar of a substation and used to monitor the quality of the voltage signal on the secondary side of the transformer, the voltage quality index monitoring device includes a signal conditioning circuit, a voltage measurement unit, a main control unit, data communication unit and data storage unit;
所述信号调理电路与所述变压器二次侧母线相连接，所述信号调理电路实时将所述变压器二次侧的电压信号采样变换为所述电压测量单元能够处理的模拟量信号；The signal conditioning circuit is connected to the secondary side bus bar of the transformer, and the signal conditioning circuit samples and converts the voltage signal on the secondary side of the transformer into an analog signal that can be processed by the voltage measurement unit in real time;
所述电压测量单元与所述信号调理电路相连接，所述电压测量单元将所述信号调理电路输出的所述模拟量信号转换为所述主控单元能够处理的数字量信号；The voltage measurement unit is connected to the signal conditioning circuit, and the voltage measurement unit converts the analog signal output by the signal conditioning circuit into a digital signal that can be processed by the main control unit;
所述主控单元与所述电压测量单元相连接，所述主控单元基于所述电压测量单元输出的数字量信号实时分别计算所述电压信号的一系列指标，所述主控单元还能够输出控制所述数据通信单元的控制信号；The main control unit is connected to the voltage measurement unit, and the main control unit calculates a series of indicators of the voltage signal in real time based on the digital signal output by the voltage measurement unit, and the main control unit can also output controlling a control signal of the data communication unit;
所述数据通信单元与所述主控单元相连接，并通过通讯网络和变电站电量与电能质量集成化管理系统相连接，所述数据通信单元在所述控制信号的控制下实现将所述电压信号的一系列指标传输至所述变电站电量与电能质量集成化管理系统；The data communication unit is connected to the main control unit, and is connected to the integrated management system of power quality and power quality of the substation through a communication network, and the data communication unit implements the voltage signal under the control of the control signal A series of indicators of the substation are transmitted to the integrated management system of electricity and power quality in the substation;
所述数据存储单元与所述主控单元相连接并存储所述电压信号的一系列指标；The data storage unit is connected to the main control unit and stores a series of indicators of the voltage signal;
所述电压信号的一系列指标包括电压偏差指标、电压波动与闪变指标、三相电压不平衡指标、公共电网谐波指标、电压暂降与短时中断指标、电力系统频率偏差指标。The series of indicators of the voltage signal include voltage deviation indicators, voltage fluctuation and flicker indicators, three-phase voltage unbalance indicators, public grid harmonic indicators, voltage sag and short-time interruption indicators, and power system frequency deviation indicators.
监测所述变压器二次侧的电压信号的电压值并记录电压监测时间，判断所述电压值是否超过所允许的限值并统计所述电压值超过所允许的限值的电压超限时间，根据计算电压超限率，再根据电压合格率＝1-电压超限率计算出电压合格率，所述电压合格率用于表征所述电压偏差指标。Monitoring the voltage value of the voltage signal on the secondary side of the transformer and recording the voltage monitoring time, judging whether the voltage value exceeds the allowable limit value and counting the voltage overrun time when the voltage value exceeds the allowable limit value, according to Calculate the voltage overrun rate, and then calculate the voltage pass rate according to the voltage pass rate=1-voltage overrun rate, and the voltage pass rate is used to represent the voltage deviation index.
先剔除Un(1±22％)范围以外的无效电压值后再进行统计计算，所述所允许的限值包括上限值和下限值，所述上限值为Un(1+7％)，所述下限值为Un(1-10％)，其中Un为额定电压，所述电压超限时间包括电压超上限时间和电压超下限时间， Statistical calculations are performed after removing invalid voltage values outside the range of Un(1±22%). The allowable limits include an upper limit and a lower limit, and the upper limit is Un(1+7%) , the lower limit value is Un (1-10%), wherein Un is the rated voltage, and the voltage overrun time includes the voltage over-upper limit time and the voltage over-lower limit time,
计算所述电压波动与闪变指标的方法为：先通过采样计算出所述电压信号的短时间电压闪变指标，再根据多个所述短时间电压闪变指标计算出长时间电压闪变指标，判断所述长时间电压闪变指标是否超标并记录所述长时间电压闪变指标超标的闪变超限时间，根据计算闪变合格率，所述闪变合格率用于表征所述电压波动与闪变指标。The method for calculating the voltage fluctuation and flicker index is: first calculate the short-term voltage flicker index of the voltage signal by sampling, and then calculate the long-term voltage flicker index according to multiple short-term voltage flicker indexes , judging whether the long-term voltage flicker index exceeds the standard and recording the flicker exceeding time when the long-term voltage flicker index exceeds the standard, according to Calculate the flicker pass rate, and the flicker pass rate is used to characterize the voltage fluctuation and flicker index.
计算所述三相电压不平衡指标的方法为：基于三相电压的幅值和相位计算正序分量、负序分量和零序分量，再根据计算所述三相电压不平衡率，判断所述三相电压不平衡率是否超限并记录所述三相电压不平衡率超限时间，根据计算三相电压不平衡率合格率，所述三相电压不平衡率合格率用于表征所述三相电压不平衡指标，其中，U1为三相电压的正序分量方均根值，U2为三相电压的负序分量方均根值，U0为三相电压的零序分量方均根值。The method for calculating the three-phase voltage unbalance index is: calculate the positive sequence component, negative sequence component and zero sequence component based on the amplitude and phase of the three-phase voltage, and then according to Calculating the three-phase voltage unbalance rate, judging whether the three-phase voltage unbalance rate exceeds the limit and recording the time when the three-phase voltage unbalance rate exceeds the limit, according to Calculating the pass rate of the three-phase voltage unbalance rate, the pass rate of the three-phase voltage unbalance rate is used to characterize the three - phase voltage unbalance index, wherein U1 is the root mean square value of the positive sequence component of the three - phase voltage, and U2 is The root mean square value of the negative sequence component of the three-phase voltage, U 0 is the root mean square value of the zero sequence component of the three-phase voltage.
计算所述公共电网电压谐波指标的方法为：对所述电压信号的波形进行FFT分解而计算出各次电压谐波数据Uhi，通过计算出谐波电压含量，再根据计算出电压总畸变率，判断所述电压总畸变率是否超限并记录所述电压总畸变率超限时间，根据计算电压总畸变率合格率，其中Ui为所述电压信号的基波，所述电压总畸变率合格率用于表征所述公共电网电压谐波指标。The method for calculating the voltage harmonic index of the public power grid is: performing FFT decomposition on the waveform of the voltage signal to calculate the voltage harmonic data U hi of each order, through Calculate the harmonic voltage content, and then according to Calculate the total voltage distortion rate, judge whether the total voltage distortion rate exceeds the limit and record the time when the total voltage distortion rate exceeds the limit, according to Calculate the pass rate of the total voltage distortion rate, where U i is the fundamental wave of the voltage signal, and the pass rate of the total voltage distortion rate is used to characterize the voltage harmonic index of the public grid.
计算所述电压暂降与短时中断指标的方法为：对于每一相电压信号，分别以半周波和一周波为周期刷新所述电压信号的均方根值，获得半周波电压均方根值Urms(1/2)(k1)和每周波电压均方根值Urms(1)(k2)，当一相或多相电压信号的半周波电压均方根值Urms(1/2)(k1)或每周波电压均方根值Urms(1)(k2)低于设置的暂降阈值时，电压暂降开始，当所有相电压信号的半周波电压均方根值Urms(1/2)(k1)或每周波电压均方根值Urms(1)(k2)等于或高于所述暂降阈值与迟滞电压之和时，电压暂降结束，据此记录电压暂降次数以及暂降深度，以所述电压暂降次数以及暂降深度来表征所述电压暂降与短时中断指标。The method for calculating the voltage sag and short-term interruption index is as follows: for each phase voltage signal, the root mean square value of the voltage signal is refreshed with a half cycle and a cycle cycle respectively, and the half cycle voltage root mean square value is obtained U rms(1/2) (k1) and cycle voltage root mean square value U rms(1) (k2), when the half-cycle voltage root mean square value U rms(1/2) of one-phase or multi-phase voltage signal (k1) or the cycle voltage root mean square value U rms(1) (k2) is lower than the set sag threshold, the voltage sag begins, when the half cycle voltage root mean square value U rms(1 When /2) (k1) or the root mean square value of the cycle voltage U rms(1) (k2) is equal to or higher than the sum of the sag threshold and the hysteresis voltage, the voltage sag ends, and the number of voltage sags is recorded accordingly And the sag depth, the voltage sag and short-time interruption index is characterized by the number of voltage sags and the sag depth.
计算所述电力系统频率偏差指标的方法为：计算所述电压信号的频率并判断所述频率是否在合格范围内，并统计所述电压信号的频率超出所述合格范围的频率超限时间，根据计算出频率合格率，所述频率合格率用于表征所述电力系统频率偏差指标。The method for calculating the frequency deviation index of the power system is: calculating the frequency of the voltage signal and judging whether the frequency is within the qualified range, and counting the frequency overrun time when the frequency of the voltage signal exceeds the qualified range, according to A frequency qualified rate is calculated, and the frequency qualified rate is used to characterize the power system frequency deviation index.
优选的，所述信号调理电路包括依次连接的电压互感器、电压变换电路、滤波电路、电压过零比较电路；Preferably, the signal conditioning circuit includes a voltage transformer, a voltage conversion circuit, a filter circuit, and a voltage zero-crossing comparison circuit connected in sequence;
所述电压测量单元包括A/D转换器；The voltage measurement unit includes an A/D converter;
所述主控单元包括ARM处理器及其外围电路；The main control unit includes an ARM processor and peripheral circuits thereof;
所述数据通信单元为电力线载波数据通信单元；The data communication unit is a power line carrier data communication unit;
所述数据存储单元包括FLASH存储器。The data storage unit includes a FLASH memory.
优选的，所述主控单元还连接有数据输出显示单元。Preferably, the main control unit is also connected to a data output display unit.
由于上述技术方案运用，本发明与现有技术相比具有下列优点：本发明的电压质量指标监测装置能够对变电站中的各项电压质量指标进行全面监测，从而为变电站供电电压指标存在的问题提供有效的信息，为电能质量评估治理提供量化依据。Due to the application of the above-mentioned technical solutions, the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art: the voltage quality index monitoring device of the present invention can comprehensively monitor various voltage quality indexes in the substation, thereby providing solutions for the problems existing in the power supply voltage index of the substation. Effective information provides a quantitative basis for power quality assessment and governance.
附图说明Description of drawings
附图1为本发明的电压质量指标监测装置的原理框图。Accompanying drawing 1 is the functional block diagram of the voltage quality indicator monitoring device of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图所示的实施例对本发明作进一步描述。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings.
实施例一：如附图1所示，一种与变电站的变压器二次侧母线相连接并用于监测变压器二次侧的电压信号质量的电压质量指标监测装置，包括信号调理电路、电压测量单元、主控单元、数据通信单元、数据存储单元以及数据输出显示单元。Embodiment 1: As shown in accompanying drawing 1, a kind of voltage quality indicator monitoring device that is connected with the transformer secondary side busbar of substation and is used for monitoring the voltage signal quality of transformer secondary side, comprises signal conditioning circuit, voltage measuring unit, A main control unit, a data communication unit, a data storage unit and a data output display unit.
信号调理电路与变压器二次侧母线相连接，它实时将变压器二次侧的电压信号采样变换为电压测量单元能够处理的模拟量信号。该信号调理电路包括依次连接的精度等级为0.1级的电压互感器、电压变换电路、滤波电路、电压过零比较电路。The signal conditioning circuit is connected with the secondary busbar of the transformer, and it samples and transforms the voltage signal on the secondary side of the transformer into an analog signal that can be processed by the voltage measurement unit in real time. The signal conditioning circuit includes a voltage transformer with a precision level of 0.1, a voltage conversion circuit, a filter circuit, and a voltage zero-crossing comparison circuit connected in sequence.
电压测量单元与信号调理电路相连接，它将信号调理电路输出的模拟量信号转换为主控单元能够处理的数字量信号。电压测量单元包括工业级高精度14位A/D转换器。The voltage measurement unit is connected with the signal conditioning circuit, and it converts the analog signal output by the signal conditioning circuit into a digital signal that can be processed by the main control unit. The voltage measurement unit includes an industrial-grade high-precision 14-bit A/D converter.
主控单元与电压测量单元相连接，它基于电压测量单元输出的数字量信号实时分别计算电压信号的一系列指标，包括：电压偏差指标、电压波动与闪变指标、三相电压不平衡指标、公共电网谐波指标、电压暂降与短时中断指标、电力系统频率偏差指标。主控单元还能够输出控制数据通信单元的控制信号。主控单元包括ARM处理器(或MCU、CPU等)及其外围电路。The main control unit is connected with the voltage measurement unit, and it calculates a series of indicators of the voltage signal in real time based on the digital signal output by the voltage measurement unit, including: voltage deviation indicators, voltage fluctuation and flicker indicators, three-phase voltage unbalance indicators, Public grid harmonic index, voltage sag and short-term interruption index, power system frequency deviation index. The main control unit is also capable of outputting a control signal for controlling the data communication unit. The main control unit includes an ARM processor (or MCU, CPU, etc.) and its peripheral circuits.
数据通信单元与主控单元相连接，并通过通讯网络和变电站电量与电能质量集成化管理系统相连接。数据通信单元在控制信号的控制下实现将电压信号的一系列指标传输至变电站电量与电能质量集成化管理系统。数据通信单元采用电力线载波数据通信单元。The data communication unit is connected with the main control unit, and is connected with the power quality integrated management system of the substation through the communication network. Under the control of the control signal, the data communication unit realizes the transmission of a series of indicators of the voltage signal to the integrated management system of electric quantity and power quality of the substation. The data communication unit adopts a power line carrier data communication unit.
数据存储单元与主控单元相连接并存储电压信号的一系列指标，它包括FLASH存储器。The data storage unit is connected with the main control unit and stores a series of indicators of the voltage signal, which includes a FLASH memory.
数据输出显示单元与主控单元相连接，从而能够输出和/或显示电压信号的一系列指标，它可以分别由数据输出单元和数据显示单元构成。The data output display unit is connected with the main control unit so as to be able to output and/or display a series of indicators of the voltage signal, and it can be composed of a data output unit and a data display unit respectively.
该电压质量指标监测装置能够通过网络接入到变电站电量与电能质量集成化管理系统，实现供电电压指标数据的上传。The voltage quality index monitoring device can be connected to the integrated management system of electric quantity and power quality of the substation through the network, so as to realize uploading of power supply voltage index data.
上述电压质量指标监测装置包括以下工作步骤：The above voltage quality index monitoring device includes the following working steps:
(1)初始化：上电后首先进行硬件初始化，包括ARM处理器及其实时时钟模块、A/D转换器、FLASH存储器等的初始化；(1) Initialization: After power-on, hardware initialization is performed first, including the initialization of the ARM processor and its real-time clock module, A/D converter, FLASH memory, etc.;
(2)数据采集：在由电压互感器接入本装置的测量通道上启动电压采样定时器，从而通过信号调理电路对变压器二次侧的电压信号进行采样，A/D转换器输出电压采样值，经电压测量单元变换后送入主控单元；(2) Data acquisition: Start the voltage sampling timer on the measurement channel connected to the device by the voltage transformer, so as to sample the voltage signal on the secondary side of the transformer through the signal conditioning circuit, and the A/D converter outputs the voltage sampling value , which is transformed by the voltage measurement unit and sent to the main control unit;
(3)数据计算：在主控单元中对电压信号进行一些列指标的计算分析，所得出的结果通过数据输出显示单元进行显示、通过数据通信单元上传至变电站电量与电能质量集成化管理系统中、通过数据存储单元进行存储。(3) Data calculation: In the main control unit, the voltage signal is calculated and analyzed for a series of indicators, and the results obtained are displayed through the data output display unit, and uploaded to the substation electricity and power quality integrated management system through the data communication unit 1. Store through the data storage unit.
在主控单元中，对电压偏差指标、电压波动与闪变指标、三相电压不平衡指标、公共电网谐波指标、电压暂降与短时中断指标、电力系统频率偏差指标的计算分析方法如下：In the main control unit, the calculation and analysis methods for voltage deviation index, voltage fluctuation and flicker index, three-phase voltage unbalance index, public grid harmonic index, voltage sag and short-time interruption index, and power system frequency deviation index are as follows :
1、电压偏差指标1. Voltage deviation index
电压偏差指标以电压合格率表征。The voltage deviation index is characterized by the voltage qualification rate.
在采样的中断服务程序中，可根据相邻两次采样值计算出电网周期，进而得到电网频率，然后根据电网周期设置采样定时器的定时周期，用以控制同步采样。每当MCU获取到一个新的采样数据，就执行一次电压合格率计算程序，判断当前电压合格状况。In the sampling interrupt service program, the grid cycle can be calculated according to two adjacent sampling values, and then the grid frequency can be obtained, and then the timing cycle of the sampling timer can be set according to the grid cycle to control synchronous sampling. Whenever the MCU acquires a new sampling data, it executes a voltage qualification rate calculation program to judge the current voltage qualification status.
在采样得到电压值后执行电压合格率计算程序，其过程如下：After the voltage value is obtained by sampling, the voltage qualification rate calculation program is executed, and the process is as follows:
a、异常剔除：监测变压器二次侧的电压信号的电压值并记录电压监测时间，将异常的电压值剔除，即剔除额定电压Un(1+22％)范围以外的无效电压值而得到有效电压值进行储存；a. Abnormal elimination: monitor the voltage value of the voltage signal on the secondary side of the transformer and record the voltage monitoring time, and eliminate the abnormal voltage value, that is, eliminate the invalid voltage value outside the range of the rated voltage Un (1+22%) to obtain the effective voltage value is stored;
b、统计单元计算：以1min作为一个统计单元，取1min内有效电压值的平均值U1min，作为被监测点即时的实际运行电压；b. Statistical unit calculation: take 1min as a statistical unit, take the average value U 1min of the effective voltage value within 1min as the real-time actual operating voltage of the monitored point;
c、电压合格率计算：判断电压值是否超过所允许的限值，所允许的限值包括上限值和下限值，上限值为Un(1+7％)，下限值为Un(1-10％)，Un为额定电压，电压超限时间包括电压超上限时间和电压超下限时间，当U1min＞Un(1+7％)时电压值超上限，当U1min＜Un(1-10％)时电压值超下限。统计电压值超过所允许的限值的电压超限时间，根据 c. Calculation of voltage qualification rate: judge whether the voltage value exceeds the allowable limit value, the allowable limit value includes the upper limit value and the lower limit value, the upper limit value is Un(1+7%), and the lower limit value is Un( 1-10%), Un is the rated voltage, and the voltage over-limit time includes the voltage over-limit time and the voltage over-low time time, when U 1min >Un(1+7%), the voltage value exceeds the upper limit, when U 1min <Un(1 -10%) when the voltage value exceeds the lower limit. Statistical voltage exceeds the allowable limit voltage over-limit time, according to
即which is
计算电压超限率。Calculate the voltage overrun rate.
然后再根据and then according to
电压合格率＝1-电压超限率Voltage qualification rate = 1-voltage overrun rate
计算出电压合格率。Calculate the voltage pass rate.
或者可以现根据or can be based on
电压合格率＝1-(电压越上限率+电压越下限率)Voltage qualification rate = 1- (voltage upper limit rate + voltage lower limit rate)
进行计算。Calculation.
2、电压波动与闪变指标2. Voltage fluctuation and flicker indicators
电压波动与闪变指标以闪变合格率来表征。The voltage fluctuation and flicker indicators are characterized by the flicker pass rate.
a、先通过采样计算出电压信号的短时间电压闪变指标Pstj，即通过采样对电压波动分量进行解调，获得与电压波动成线性关系的电压，在观察期内(10min)进行统计，由CPF曲线获得短时闪变值，Pstj，j表示短时间电压闪变指标的编号；a. First calculate the short-term voltage flicker index P stj of the voltage signal through sampling, that is, demodulate the voltage fluctuation component through sampling to obtain a voltage that is linearly related to the voltage fluctuation, and make statistics during the observation period (10min). The short-term flicker value is obtained from the CPF curve, P stj , j represents the serial number of the short-term voltage flicker index;
b、再根据多个短时间电压闪变指标计算出长时间电压闪变指标(每两小时计算一次)。b. Then calculate the long-term voltage flicker index according to multiple short-term voltage flicker indexes (calculated every two hours).
c、判断长时间电压闪变指标是否超标，即判断是否Plt＞1，并记录长时间电压闪变指标Plt超标的闪变超限时间。闪变合格率为实际运行电压在闪变合格范围内的累计运行时间与对应的装置总运行时间的百分百，即根据c. Judging whether the long-term voltage flicker index exceeds the standard, that is, judging whether P lt > 1, and recording the time when the long-term voltage flicker index P lt exceeds the standard. The flicker qualified rate is the percentage of the cumulative running time of the actual operating voltage within the flicker qualified range and the corresponding total running time of the device, that is, according to
计算闪变合格率。Calculate flicker pass rate.
3、三相电压不平衡指标3. Three-phase voltage unbalance index
三相电压不平衡指标以三相电压不平衡率合格率表征。The three-phase voltage unbalance index is characterized by the pass rate of the three-phase voltage unbalance rate.
在三相系统中，通过测量三相电压的幅值和相位，利用对称分量法，求出三相电压的正序分量、负序分量和零序分量，进而得到正序分量方均根值U1(单位为伏)，负序分量方均根值U2(单位为伏)，零序分量方均根值U0(单位为伏)，再根据In the three-phase system, by measuring the amplitude and phase of the three-phase voltage, using the symmetrical component method, the positive-sequence component, negative-sequence component and zero-sequence component of the three-phase voltage are obtained, and then the root mean square value of the positive sequence component U 1 ( The unit is volts), the negative sequence component root mean square value U 2 (unit is volts), the zero sequence component root mean square value U 0 (unit is volts), and then according to
计算三相电压不平衡率，并据此判断三相电压不平衡率是否超限，记录三相电压不平衡率超限时间后结合装置的总运行时间，根据Calculate the three-phase voltage unbalance rate, and judge whether the three-phase voltage unbalance rate exceeds the limit, record the three-phase voltage unbalance rate over-limit time and combine the total running time of the device, according to
计算三相电压不平衡率合格率。Calculate the qualified rate of three-phase voltage unbalance rate.
4、公共电网电压谐波指标4. Public grid voltage harmonic index
公共电网电压谐波指标以电压总畸变率合格率表征。The public grid voltage harmonic index is characterized by the pass rate of the total voltage distortion rate.
对电压信号的波形进行FFT分解而计算出0-50次的各次电压谐波数据Uhi，i＝1-50，然后按照FFT decomposes the waveform of the voltage signal to calculate the voltage harmonic data U hi of the 0-50th order, i=1-50, and then according to
计算出谐波电压含量Uh，再根据Calculate the harmonic voltage content U h , and then according to
计算出电压总畸变率THDu，其中Ui为电压信号的基波。Calculate the total voltage distortion rate THD u , where U i is the fundamental wave of the voltage signal.
判断电压总畸变率是否超限并记录电压总畸变率超限时间，根据Determine whether the total voltage distortion rate exceeds the limit and record the time when the total voltage distortion rate exceeds the limit, according to
计算电压总畸变率合格率。Calculate the pass rate of the total voltage distortion rate.
5、电压暂降与短时中断指标5. Voltage sag and short-term interruption indicators
电压暂降与短时中断指标以电压暂降次数以及暂降深度来表征。得到电压采样值后，判断是否有电压暂降发生并计算暂降特征量，对于每一相电压信号，其判断过程如下：The indicators of voltage sags and short-term interruptions are characterized by the number of voltage sags and the depth of sags. After obtaining the voltage sampling value, judge whether there is a voltage sag and calculate the characteristic value of the sag. For each phase voltage signal, the judgment process is as follows:
以半周波为周期(计算窗口)刷新电压信号的均方根值，得到半周波电压均方根值Urms(1/2)(k1)：Refresh the RMS value of the voltage signal with a half-cycle cycle (calculation window) to obtain the half-cycle voltage RMS value U rms(1/2) (k1):
式中：In the formula:
N——每周期的采样点数；N - the number of sampling points per cycle;
U(i)——第i次采样得到的电压信号的瞬时值；U(i)——instantaneous value of the voltage signal obtained by the ith sampling;
t——计算开始时刻；t - calculation start time;
k1——以半周波为周期的计算窗口序号，k1＝1，2，3，…；则半周波电压均方根值的第一个值是在第一个周波内，即从采样点1至N获得的，半周波电压均方根值的第二个值是在采样点(N/2)+1至(N/2)+N获得的，以此类推。k1——the number of the calculation window with a half cycle as the cycle, k1=1, 2, 3, ...; then the first value of the root mean square value of the half cycle voltage is in the first cycle, that is, from sampling point 1 to N is obtained, the second value of half-cycle voltage RMS value is obtained at sampling points (N/2)+1 to (N/2)+N, and so on.
以一周波为周期(计算窗口)刷新电压信号的均方根值，得到每周波电压均方根值Urms(1)(k2)：Refresh the root mean square value of the voltage signal with one cycle as the cycle (calculation window), and obtain the root mean square value of the cycle voltage U rms(1) (k2):
式中：In the formula:
N——每周期的采样点数；N - the number of sampling points per cycle;
U(i)——第i次采样得到的电压信号的瞬时值；U(i)——instantaneous value of the voltage signal obtained by the ith sampling;
t——计算开始时刻；t - calculation start time;
k2——以一周波为周期的计算窗口序号，k2＝1，2，3，…；则每周波电压均方根值的第一个值是在第一个周波内，即从采样点1至N获得的，每周波电压均方根值的第二个值是在采样点N+1至2N获得的，以此类推。k2——the calculation window number with one cycle as the cycle, k2=1, 2, 3, ...; then the first value of the root mean square value of the cycle voltage is in the first cycle, that is, from sampling point 1 to N is obtained, the second value of the root mean square value of the cycle voltage is obtained at sampling points N+1 to 2N, and so on.
预设暂降阈值，一般依据电压暂降的定义设置为0.9p.u.(额定电压的90％)为暂降阈值。当一相或多相电压信号的半周波电压均方根值Urms(1/2)(k1)或每周波电压均方根值Urms(1)(k2)低于设置的暂降阈值时，电压暂降开始，当所有相电压信号的半周波电压均方根值Urms(1/2)(k1)或每周波电压均方根值Urms(1)(k2)等于或高于暂降阈值与迟滞电压之和时，电压暂降结束。从而根据电压暂降的过程记录电压暂降次数以及暂降深度。The preset sag threshold is generally set to 0.9pu (90% of the rated voltage) as the sag threshold according to the definition of voltage sag. When the half cycle voltage root mean square value U rms(1/2) (k1) or the cycle voltage root mean square value U rms(1) (k2) of one-phase or multi-phase voltage signals is lower than the set sag threshold , the voltage sag begins when the half cycle voltage root mean square value U rms(1/2) (k1) or cycle voltage root mean square value U rms(1) (k2) of all phase voltage signals is equal to or higher than the temporary The voltage sag ends when the sum of the threshold and the hysteresis voltage drops. According to the voltage sag process, the number of voltage sags and the sag depth are recorded.
6、电力系统频率偏差指标6. Power system frequency deviation index
电力系统频率偏差指标以频率合格率表征。The power system frequency deviation index is characterized by frequency qualification rate.
计算电力系统频率偏差指标的方法为：启动测频捕获功能与采样定时器，在捕获的中断服务程序中，可根据相邻两次捕获值计算出电网周期，进而计算电压信号的频率，以1s作为一个统计单元，取1s内频率预处理值的平均值，作为被监测点即时的实际运行频率f。The method of calculating the frequency deviation index of the power system is: start the frequency measurement and capture function and the sampling timer. In the captured interrupt service program, the power grid cycle can be calculated according to the two adjacent captured values, and then the frequency of the voltage signal can be calculated. As a statistical unit, the average value of the frequency preprocessing value within 1s is taken as the real-time operating frequency f of the monitored point.
判断频率f是否在合格范围49.8＜f＜50.2内。统计电压信号的频率超出合格范围的频率超限时间(单位为s)，根据 Determine whether the frequency f is within the qualified range 49.8<f<50.2. Count the frequency overrun time (in s) when the frequency of the voltage signal exceeds the qualified range, according to
计算出频率合格率。Calculate the frequency pass rate.
通过上述方法计算出的各项指标通过通信网络进行数据传输而上传至变电站电量与电能质量集成化管理系统，通过网络通讯实现供电电压指标的数据传输。The indicators calculated by the above method are uploaded to the substation electricity and power quality integrated management system through the communication network for data transmission, and the data transmission of the power supply voltage indicators is realized through network communication.
上述实施例只为说明本发明的技术构思及特点，其目的在于让熟悉此项技术的人士能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施，并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围。凡根据本发明精神实质所作的等效变化或修饰，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。The above-mentioned embodiments are only to illustrate the technical concept and characteristics of the present invention, and the purpose is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly, and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
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