CN107218126B

CN107218126B - Homogeneous charge compression ignition internal combustion engine and control system and control method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN107218126B
Application number: CN201710681639.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 晏长友; 晏雨扬
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2017-08-10
Filing date: 2017-08-10
Publication date: 2020-04-07
Anticipated expiration: 2037-08-10
Also published as: CN107218126A

Abstract

The invention discloses a homogeneous compression ignition type internal combustion engine and a control system and a control method thereof, wherein the internal combustion engine comprises an air cylinder and an air cylinder cover, a combustion chamber is arranged in the air cylinder and above a piston, a combustion chamber volume instant adjusting column which can longitudinally move and be positioned on the air cylinder cover is arranged on the air cylinder cover and above the combustion chamber, the upper end of the combustion chamber volume instant adjusting column extends out of the air cylinder cover, and the lower end of the combustion chamber volume instant adjusting column and the inner wall of the air cylinder cover are positioned on the same plane; and the upper end of the combustion chamber volume instant adjusting column is provided with a transmission mechanism connected with the combustion chamber volume instant adjusting column, and the transmission mechanism is electrically connected with an electronic controller of the engine. According to the homogeneous compression ignition type internal combustion engine and the control system thereof, the transmission mechanism drives the combustion chamber volume instant adjusting column above the combustion chamber to move, so that the combustion chamber volume instant adjusting column enters the combustion chamber, the volume of the combustion chamber is changed, and the purpose that the engine can still carry out compression ignition at various rotating speeds is achieved.

Description

Homogeneous charge compression ignition internal combustion engine and control system and control method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to an internal combustion engine, in particular to a homogeneous charge compression ignition type internal combustion engine and a control system and a control method thereof.

Background

Generally, the operating process of an internal combustion engine includes an intake stroke, a compression stroke, a power stroke, and an exhaust stroke. In the working stroke, the engine generates electric spark through the spark plug to ignite and quickly ignite and burn a combustible mixer in the cylinder, and the piston moves from the top dead center to the bottom dead center through the air pressure generated during gas combustion and drives the crankshaft to rotate through the connecting rod to output work outwards. The existing internal combustion engines are divided into two types according to ignition modes: one is ignition type, such as gasoline engines commonly used at present; the other is compression ignition type, such as the commonly used diesel engine at present. It has been found that the efficiency of compression ignition engines is much higher than that of spark ignition engines. For many years, however, gasoline engines have been spark ignited, rather than compression ignited.

The homogeneous compression ignition type internal combustion engine is an internal combustion engine which is formed by uniformly mixing fuel and air and doing work in a compression ignition mode. During the working process of the homogeneous compression ignition internal combustion engine, the quantity of mixed gas entering the cylinder is different and the temperature is changed to a certain extent under different power outputs and different rotating speeds of the engine, and the compression ignition points are correspondingly different, but the prior art can not timely adjust the ideal compression ignition time point of the mixed gas in the cylinder under the conditions of different power outputs, different rotating speeds and different air inlet temperatures. Therefore, for the homogeneous charge compression ignition type internal combustion engine, a scheme capable of timely adjusting the compression ignition time point is urgently needed, so that the engine can realize the ideal compression ignition time point compression ignition under different power outputs, different rotating speeds and different air inlet temperatures.

In addition, in the exhaust stroke, a small amount of high-temperature and high-pressure waste gas still exists in the cylinder when the exhaust is finished, the residue of the waste gas greatly increases the probability of knocking when the internal combustion engine is in the power stroke, and simultaneously, the defects of insufficient combustion, low efficiency, high carbon deposition, great environmental pollution and the like of the internal combustion engine in the power stroke are increased. During cold starting, the temperature of the cylinder body of the internal combustion engine and the temperature of the outside air are lower, so that the internal energy of the mixed gas entering the cylinder is lower, the compression ratio during compression ignition of the internal combustion engine is relatively higher, and the compression ignition condition during cold starting cannot be realized. Moreover, since there is no thermal energy of the exhaust gas to distill the liquid fuel, it is difficult to achieve an optimum state of homogeneous mixing of the mixture.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows:

the volume of a combustion chamber of the existing internal combustion engine can not be adjusted in real time, and the purpose of compression ignition of the engine can not be achieved at different rotating speeds. Meanwhile, in the exhaust stroke, a small amount of high-temperature and high-pressure waste gas still exists in the cylinder when the exhaust is finished, the residue of the waste gas greatly increases the probability of knocking when the internal combustion engine is in the power stroke, and simultaneously, the insufficient combustion of the internal combustion engine in the power stroke is increased; during cold start, the internal energy of the mixed gas is low, so that the compression ratio of the internal combustion engine during compression ignition is relatively high, and compression ignition during cold start cannot be realized.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a homogeneous compression ignition type internal combustion engine, it includes cylinder and cylinder cover, there is a combustion chamber in the cylinder, above the piston, characterized by that, there is a volume of combustion chamber that can rotate and move and position in the cylinder cover immediately above the combustion chamber on the cylinder cover, the volume of said combustion chamber adjusts the post in time and sealingly assembles on the cylinder cover, and its upper end stretches out of the cylinder cover and links with drive mechanism, the said drive mechanism is electrically connected with electronic controller; the lower end of the combustion chamber volume instant adjusting column is a combustion chamber volume control end capable of extending into the combustion chamber, the combustion chamber volume control end rotates under the driving of the transmission mechanism to be positioned and extend into the combustion chamber, and the volume of the combustion chamber is changed by extending into the combustion chamber by different lengths. When the engine is used, the electronic controller compares the stored experimental preset values according to the rotating speed and load requirements of the engine and the temperature and flow of the mixed gas, and timely gives an instruction to enable the volume instant adjusting column of the combustion chamber to move up and down by corresponding distances so as to change the volume of the combustion chamber and realize instant adjustment of the volume of the combustion chamber, thereby changing the compression ratio of the mixed gas and enabling the engine to realize the purpose of ideal time point compression work regardless of the change of the rotating speed and the load.

Furthermore, the combustion chamber volume instant adjusting column is made of high-temperature resistant hard metal.

Furthermore, a displacement sensor is arranged outside the cylinder cover and used for detecting the volume of the combustion chamber and immediately adjusting the top end extension height of the column, and the displacement sensor is electrically connected with the electronic controller. After the displacement sensor is arranged, the displacement sensor can sense the moving distance of the upper end of the combustion chamber volume instant adjusting column in real time, and also sense the amount of the lower end of the combustion chamber volume instant adjusting column extending into the combustion chamber and occupying the volume of the combustion chamber in real time, so that the position is transmitted to an electronic controller connected with the electronic controller, the electronic controller can know the position of the combustion chamber volume instant adjusting column conveniently, and in the working process of the engine, the judgment of the moving distance of the combustion chamber volume instant adjusting column is made according to the rotating speed of the engine and the preset compression ignition ratio.

Furthermore, a threaded hole is formed right above a combustion chamber in the middle of the cylinder cover, an external thread matched with the threaded hole is formed at the outer end of the combustion chamber volume instant adjusting column, and the combustion chamber volume instant adjusting column is driven by a transmission mechanism to rotate and then move up and down; the transmission mechanism comprises a driver, a transmission shaft fixedly connected with an output shaft of the driver, a transmission gear connected with the transmission shaft key and a driven gear meshed with the transmission gear, and the driven gear is arranged at the upper end of the combustion chamber volume instant adjusting column. The combustion chamber volume instant adjusting column is connected with the cylinder cover through threads and drives the transmission gear connected with the combustion chamber volume instant adjusting column to rotate through the driver, so that the combustion chamber volume instant adjusting column is driven to rotate, and the purposes of moving and positioning the combustion chamber volume instant adjusting column are achieved.

Furthermore, two air inlets and two air outlets which are connected with the combustion chamber are arranged on the cylinder cover, an air inlet valve and an air outlet valve which correspond to the air inlets and the air outlets are respectively arranged in each air inlet and each air outlet, an auxiliary air inlet which is communicated with the combustion chamber is arranged between the two air inlets, an auxiliary air inlet valve which is used for opening and closing the auxiliary air inlet is arranged in the auxiliary air inlet, an auxiliary air inlet channel which is connected with the auxiliary air inlet channel is arranged at the position of the auxiliary air inlet, and a supercharging device is also arranged on the auxiliary air inlet channel.

The existing internal combustion engine mixes and burns atomized fuel oil with air to do work, and in the working process, small oil particles or small oil vapor groups exist in mixed gas, so that the heat engine efficiency is reduced, and the emission pollution is increased. In the exhaust stroke, a small amount of high-temperature and high-pressure waste gas still exists in the cylinder when the exhaust is finished, the residue of the waste gas greatly increases the probability of knocking when the internal combustion engine performs the power stroke, and simultaneously, the defects of insufficient combustion, low efficiency, high carbon deposition, great environmental pollution and the like of the internal combustion engine during the power stroke are increased. After the auxiliary air inlet is arranged between the two air inlets of the cylinder cover of the internal combustion engine, the auxiliary air inlet can be opened in the exhaust stroke, so that fresh air is introduced into the cylinder, waste gas in the cylinder is extruded out to the maximum extent, non-oxygen media which hinder mixed gas combustion in the power stroke of the internal combustion engine are reduced, namely, the oxygen-containing proportion of oil-gas mixed gas is increased, the oil-gas mixed gas in the subsequent power stroke can be combusted more fully, the probability of detonation can be effectively reduced, and the combustion efficiency is improved. The supercharging device arranged on the auxiliary air inlet channel is mainly used for improving the air pressure, so that the air pressure is larger than the air pressure of the exhaust gas in the cylinder in the middle period of the exhaust stroke of the internal combustion engine, the capacity is larger than the capacity of a combustion chamber, and the air pressure value is constant.

Furthermore, a fuel electric heating distillation chamber electrically connected with the electronic controller is arranged on the liquid fuel guide pipe, a waste gas heating liquid fuel distillation chamber is arranged on the exhaust pipe, an electric heating air chamber, an air flow meter, a vector gas nozzle and a mixed gas temperature sensor are sequentially arranged on a path of the air inlet pipe leading to the air cylinder, and the fuel electric heating distillation chamber is communicated with the waste gas heating liquid fuel distillation chamber and is electrically connected with the electronic controller.

Furthermore, an exhaust gas heating air chamber is further arranged on the exhaust pipe, and the exhaust gas heating air chamber is electrically connected with the electronic controller.

A control system of a homogeneous compression ignition type internal combustion engine comprises an electronic controller and is characterized by further comprising a displacement sensor arranged above a capacity instant adjusting column of a combustion chamber, a fuel electric heating distillation chamber arranged on a liquid fuel guide pipe of the internal combustion engine, an adjustable waste gas heating air chamber arranged on an exhaust pipe, an air inlet temperature sensor arranged for detecting the temperature of air in the air inlet pipe, an exhaust pipe temperature sensor arranged for detecting the temperature of the exhaust pipe, a rotating speed sensor and a cylinder water temperature sensor arranged in a cylinder, and an air electric heating chamber, an air flow meter, a vector gas nozzle and a mixed gas temperature sensor which are sequentially arranged on a path of an air inlet pipe of the internal combustion engine leading to the cylinder, wherein the displacement sensor, the fuel electric heating distillation chamber, the adjustable waste gas heating air chamber, the air electric heating chamber, the air flow meter, the vector gas, The mixed gas temperature sensor, the air inlet temperature sensor, the exhaust pipe temperature sensor, the rotating speed sensor and the cylinder water temperature sensor are all electrically connected with the electronic controller.

The control method of the control system of the homogeneous charge compression ignition type internal combustion engine comprises the following steps: during cold start, if the temperatures detected by the exhaust pipe temperature sensor, the mixed gas temperature sensor and the inlet gas temperature sensor cannot reach the hot start condition, the electronic controller controls the fuel electric heating distillation chamber to be opened to heat and distill the liquid fuel passing through the fuel electric heating distillation chamber; meanwhile, the electronic controller controls the air electric heating chamber to be opened, cold air is heated in an electric heating mode, after both reach the corresponding value range of the starting compression ignition requirement of the internal combustion engine, the electronic controller opens a transmission mechanism connected with the combustion chamber volume instant adjusting column to operate, so that the combustion chamber volume instant adjusting column is driven to extend into the combustion chamber for the corresponding length, the mixed gas realizes compression ignition in the cylinder, and the electronic controller further controls a starting motor to realize starting; when the internal combustion engine is preheated for a certain time, the temperature of the exhaust pipe is detected by the exhaust pipe temperature sensor, when the heat energy of the exhaust pipe is enough to heat the external air and the distilled liquid fuel to reach the corresponding value range required by compression ignition, the electronic controller respectively sends closing instructions to the air electric heating chamber and the fuel electric heating distillation chamber, at the moment, the external cold air is heated by the adjustable waste gas heating air chamber to reach the corresponding value range, and the distillation of the liquid fuel is completed by the waste gas heating liquid fuel distillation chamber arranged on the exhaust pipe; when the internal combustion engine runs normally, the electronic controller collects the values detected by the rotating speed sensor, the air flow meter, the mixed gas temperature sensor and the water temperature sensor, sets various values required when reaching compression ignition through comparison, and controls the length of the volume instant adjusting column of the combustion chamber extending into the combustion chamber, so that the compression ratio of the mixed gas is adjusted, and the compression ignition point reaches an ideal time point; when the internal combustion engine normally operates, the electronic controller controls the amount of the fuel gas sprayed out by the vector fuel gas nozzle according to the state of the electronic throttle, and the power output of the internal combustion engine is directly determined by the amount of the fuel gas sprayed out by the vector fuel gas nozzle.

When the temperature of the mixed gas detected by the mixed gas temperature sensor is overhigh and approaches the upper limit of compression ignition of the internal combustion engine during cold starting, the electronic controller controls and adjusts the distance between the exhaust gas heating air chamber and the exhaust pipe, so that the distance is increased, and the heating amount of the heat energy on the exhaust pipe to the air is reduced.

Compared with the prior art, the homogeneous compression ignition type internal combustion engine and the control system and the control method thereof have the advantages that:

1. the driving device drives the combustion chamber volume instant adjusting column above the combustion chamber to move, and the length of the combustion chamber volume instant adjusting column entering the combustion chamber is changed, so that the volume of the combustion chamber is changed, the volume of the combustion chamber is adjusted instantly, the compression ratio of mixed gas is changed, and the purpose of ideal time compression ignition work can be realized regardless of the change of the rotating speed and the load of the engine.

2. During cold starting, corresponding detected data are transmitted to the electronic controller through the sensors arranged at all positions, so that the electronic controller can correspondingly adjust all the parts according to different conditions, and compression ignition can be realized during cold starting of the internal combustion engine. The auxiliary air inlet can introduce fresh gas into the cylinder in the exhaust stroke, and extrude waste gas in the cylinder to the maximum extent, so that non-oxygen media which obstruct mixed gas combustion in the power stroke of the internal combustion engine are reduced, namely, the oxygen-containing proportion of the oil-gas mixed gas is increased, the oil-gas mixed gas in the subsequent power stroke can be more fully combusted, the probability of knocking can be effectively reduced, and the combustion efficiency is improved.

3. The homogeneous compression ignition type internal combustion engine of the invention has no disadvantage of gas and power consumption.

4. The homogeneous compression ignition type internal combustion engine has the advantages that all parts of the mixed gas in the combustion chamber can be simultaneously subjected to compression ignition to do work, and compared with the ignition type internal combustion engine, the homogeneous compression ignition type internal combustion engine has higher heat utilization rate on fuel.

5. The internal combustion engine of the invention has the advantages that the mixture gas is mixed homogeneously, the fuel can be burnt more completely, and the pollution gases (CO, HC and NO) in the exhaust gas can be reduced optimally_x) And the pollution to the environment is extremely low.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an internal structure of a homogeneous charge compression ignition internal combustion engine and a control system thereof according to an embodiment;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the surface structure of the volume adjusting cylinder of the combustion chamber in the embodiment;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of the gas ports on the cylinder head and the volume of the combustion chamber in the embodiment;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a control system of a homogeneous charge compression ignition internal combustion engine according to an embodiment.

In the figure: the device comprises a cylinder cover 1, a threaded hole 101, an air inlet 102, an air outlet 103, an auxiliary air inlet 104, a combustion chamber 2, an electronic controller 3, a driver 4, a transmission gear 5, a combustion chamber volume instant adjusting column 6, a displacement sensor 8, a liquid fuel guide pipe 9, a fuel electric heating distillation chamber 10, an exhaust pipe 11, an exhaust gas heating liquid fuel distillation chamber 12, an adjustable exhaust gas heating air chamber 13, an electric heating air chamber 15, an air flow meter 16, a vector gas nozzle 17, a mixed gas temperature sensor 18, an air inlet pipe 19, an air inlet temperature sensor 20, an exhaust pipe temperature sensor 21, a rotating speed sensor 22 and a cylinder water temperature sensor 23.

Detailed Description

The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.

Example (b):

as shown in fig. 1-3, the embodiment provides a homogeneous compression ignition type internal combustion engine, which comprises a cylinder and a cylinder cover 1, wherein a combustion chamber 2 is arranged in the cylinder and above a piston, a combustion chamber volume instant adjusting column 6 which can rotate in the cylinder cover 1, move longitudinally and be positioned is arranged on the cylinder cover 1 and right above the combustion chamber 2, the combustion chamber volume instant adjusting column 6 is hermetically assembled on the cylinder cover 1, and the upper end of the combustion chamber volume instant adjusting column extends out of the cylinder cover 1 to be connected with a transmission mechanism, and the transmission mechanism is electrically connected with an electronic controller 3; the lower end of the combustion chamber volume instant adjusting column 6 is a combustion chamber volume control end which can extend into the combustion chamber, the combustion chamber volume control end is driven by the transmission mechanism to rotate to be positioned and extend into the combustion chamber 2, and the volume of the combustion chamber is changed by the fact that the combustion chamber volume instant adjusting column extends into the combustion chamber for different lengths; a displacement sensor 8 is arranged outside the cylinder cover 1, the displacement sensor 8 is used for detecting the top end extending height of the combustion chamber volume instant adjusting column 6, and the displacement sensor 8 is electrically connected with the electronic controller 3; a mixed gas flow meter 18, a rotation speed sensor 22 and a cylinder water temperature sensor 23 are also arranged in the cylinder head 1, and the mixed gas flow meter 18, the internal combustion engine rotation speed sensor 22 and the cylinder water temperature sensor 23 are all electrically connected with the electronic controller 3. In the working process of the internal combustion engine, the mixed gas flowmeter 18 and the rotating speed sensor 22 both transmit detected data to the electronic controller 3, at the moment, the electronic controller 3 calculates a corresponding compression ignition ratio required by the internal combustion engine according to the obtained rotating speed of the internal combustion engine, and gives a corresponding instruction to the combustion chamber volume instant adjusting column 6 according to the volume of the combustion chamber 2 corresponding to the preset compression ignition ratio, which requires the distance for the combustion chamber volume instant adjusting column 6 to move downwards, so that the volume of the combustion chamber 2 is matched with the required compression ignition ratio at the moment. After the electronic controller 3 sends a downward moving instruction, a transmission mechanism connected with the combustion chamber volume instant adjusting column 6 is started to drive the combustion chamber volume instant adjusting column 6 to move downward. Therefore, the purpose of compression ignition of the internal combustion engine can be achieved at different rotating speeds.

In the present embodiment, the specific moving structure of the combustion chamber volume instant adjustment column 6 is realized by the following means: the combustion chamber volume instant adjusting column 6 is made of high-temperature resistant hard metal; a threaded hole 101 is formed in the middle of the cylinder cover 1, an external thread 62 matched with the threaded hole is formed in the outer end of the combustion chamber volume instant adjusting column 6, and the combustion chamber volume instant adjusting column 6 is driven by a transmission mechanism to rotate and then move up and down; the transmission mechanism comprises a driver 4, a transmission shaft fixedly connected with an output shaft of the driver 4, a transmission gear connected with the transmission shaft key and a driven gear 5 meshed with the transmission gear, wherein the driven gear 5 is arranged at the upper end of the combustion chamber volume instant adjusting column 6 and is integrally formed with the combustion chamber volume instant adjusting column 6.

In addition, in order to completely discharge the combustion exhaust gas left in the exhaust stroke after the internal combustion engine does work, two air inlets 102 and two exhaust outlets 103 which are connected with a combustion chamber are further arranged on the cylinder cover 1, an air inlet valve and an exhaust valve which correspond to the air inlets 102 and the exhaust outlets 103 are respectively arranged in each air inlet 102 and each exhaust outlet 103, an auxiliary air inlet 104 which is communicated with the combustion chamber is further arranged between the two air inlets 2, an auxiliary air inlet valve which is used for opening and closing the auxiliary air inlet is arranged in the auxiliary air inlet 104, an auxiliary air inlet channel which is connected with the auxiliary air inlet 104 is arranged at the auxiliary air inlet 104, and a supercharging device is further arranged on the auxiliary air.

Furthermore, in order to realize optimization of the internal combustion engine under various working conditions, a fuel electric heating distillation chamber 10 electrically connected with the electronic controller 3 is arranged on a liquid fuel guide pipe 9 of the internal combustion engine, an exhaust gas heating liquid fuel distillation chamber 12 is arranged on an exhaust pipe 11 of the internal combustion engine, an adjustable exhaust gas heating air chamber 13, an electric heating air chamber 15, an air flow meter 16, a vector gas nozzle 17 and a mixed gas temperature sensor 18 are sequentially arranged on a path of an air inlet pipe 19 of the internal combustion engine leading to a cylinder, and the fuel electric heating distillation chamber 10 is communicated with the exhaust gas heating liquid fuel distillation chamber 12 and is electrically connected with the electronic controller 3.

In order to control the temperature of the external air within a range suitable for compression ignition of the internal combustion engine, an adjustable exhaust gas heating air chamber 13 is further arranged on the exhaust pipe 11, the adjustable exhaust gas heating air chamber 13 is electrically connected with the electronic controller 3, and the electronic controller 3 controls and adjusts the distance between the adjustable exhaust gas heating air chamber 13 and the exhaust pipe.

As shown in fig. 4, the present embodiment further provides a control system of a homogeneous charge compression ignition internal combustion engine, which includes an electronic controller 3, and further includes an intake air temperature sensor 20 for detecting an intake air temperature, an exhaust pipe temperature sensor 21 for detecting a temperature of an exhaust pipe 11, a rotation speed sensor 22 and a cylinder water temperature sensor 23 arranged in a cylinder, wherein the intake air temperature sensor 20, the exhaust pipe temperature sensor 21, the rotation speed sensor 22 and the cylinder water temperature sensor 23 are all electrically connected with the electronic controller 3; at the cold start, if the temperatures detected by the exhaust pipe temperature sensor 21, the mixed gas temperature sensor 18 and the intake air temperature sensor 20 cannot reach the hot start condition, the electronic controller 3 controls the fuel electrothermal distillation chamber 10 to be opened to heat and distill the liquid fuel passing through the fuel electrothermal distillation chamber; meanwhile, the electronic controller 3 controls the air electric heating chamber 15 to be opened, cold air is heated in an electric heating mode, after the air electric heating chamber 15 and the cold air reach the corresponding value range of the starting compression ignition requirement of the internal combustion engine, the electronic controller 3 starts a transmission mechanism connected with the combustion chamber volume instant adjusting column 6 to operate, so that the combustion chamber volume instant adjusting column 6 is driven to stretch into the combustion chamber 2 by the corresponding length (the mixed gas realizes compression ignition in a cylinder), and the starting motor is further controlled to realize starting through the electronic controller 3. When the internal combustion engine is preheated for a certain time, the temperature of the exhaust pipe 11 is detected by the exhaust pipe temperature sensor 21, when the heat energy of the exhaust pipe 11 is enough to heat the outside air and distill the liquid fuel to reach the corresponding value range required by compression ignition, the electronic controller 3 respectively sends closing instructions to the air electric heating chamber 15 and the fuel electric heating distilling chamber 10, at the moment, the outside cold air is heated by the adjustable waste gas heating air chamber 13 to reach the corresponding value range, and the distillation of the liquid fuel is completed by the waste gas heating liquid fuel distilling chamber 12 arranged on the exhaust pipe 11; when the internal combustion engine runs normally, the electronic controller 3 collects the values detected by the rotating speed sensor 22, the air flow meter 16, the mixed gas temperature sensor 18 and the water temperature sensor 23, and controls the length of the combustion chamber volume instant adjusting column 6 extending into the combustion chamber 2 by comparing and setting various values required when reaching compression ignition, thereby adjusting the compression ratio of the mixed gas and enabling the compression ignition point to reach an ideal time point. The electronic controller 3 directly controls the vector gas nozzle to spray proper amount of gas according to the state of the electronic throttle, and the power output of the internal combustion engine is directly determined by the amount of the gas sprayed by the vector gas nozzle.

When the temperature of the mixture detected by the mixture temperature sensor 18 is too high and approaches the upper limit of the compression ignition of the internal combustion engine during cold start, the electronic controller 3 controls the distance between the exhaust gas heating air chamber 13 and the exhaust pipe 11 to increase the distance and reduce the amount of heat energy on the exhaust pipe 11 to heat the air.

Specifically, the displacement sensor 8 may be a magnetic displacement sensor, an infrared displacement sensor, or a laser displacement sensor. The combustion chamber volume instant adjusting column 6 is made of high temperature resistant metals such as tungsten, molybdenum, tantalum, niobium, vanadium, chromium and the like.

Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the technical solutions, and although the present invention has been described in detail by referring to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions to the technical solutions of the present invention can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions, and all the modifications and equivalent substitutions should be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A homogeneous compression ignition type internal combustion engine, it includes cylinder and cylinder cover (1), there is a combustion chamber (2) in the cylinder, above the piston, the intake pipe, combustion chamber (2), exhaust pipe of the said cylinder are connected sequentially, characterized by that, there is a combustion chamber volume instant adjusting column (6) that can rotate and move longitudinally and position in the cylinder cover (1) on the cylinder cover (1) and above the combustion chamber (2), the said combustion chamber volume instant adjusting column (6) is assembled on cylinder cover (1) sealingly, and its upper end stretches out of cylinder cover (1) and links with drive mechanism, the said drive mechanism is electrically connected with electronic controller (3); the lower end of the combustion chamber volume instant adjusting column (6) is a combustion chamber volume control end which can extend into the combustion chamber, the combustion chamber volume control end is driven by the transmission mechanism to rotate to be positioned and extend into the combustion chamber (2), and the volume of the combustion chamber is changed by the fact that the combustion chamber volume instant adjusting column extends into the combustion chamber for different lengths; a displacement sensor (8) is arranged outside the cylinder cover (1), the displacement sensor (8) is used for detecting the top end extension height of the combustion chamber volume instant adjusting column (6), and the displacement sensor (8) is electrically connected with the electronic controller (3); a threaded hole (101) is formed right above a combustion chamber (2) in the middle of a cylinder cover (1), external threads matched with the threaded hole are formed in the outer lower end of a combustion chamber volume instant adjusting column (6), and the combustion chamber volume instant adjusting column (6) is driven by a transmission mechanism to rotate and then move up and down; the transmission mechanism comprises a driver (4), a transmission shaft fixedly connected with an output shaft of the driver (4), a transmission gear connected with the transmission shaft in a key way and a driven gear (5) meshed with the transmission gear, wherein the driven gear (5) is arranged at the upper end of a combustion chamber volume instant adjusting column (6); a fuel electric heating distillation chamber (10) electrically connected with an electronic controller (3) is arranged on a liquid fuel guide pipe (9) of the internal combustion engine, a waste gas heating liquid fuel distillation chamber (12) is arranged on an exhaust pipe (11) of the internal combustion engine, an air electric heating chamber (15), an air flow meter (16), a vector gas nozzle (17) and a mixed gas temperature sensor (18) are sequentially arranged on a path of an air inlet pipe (19) of the internal combustion engine leading to a cylinder, and the fuel electric heating distillation chamber (10) is communicated with the waste gas heating liquid fuel distillation chamber (12) and is electrically connected with the electronic controller (3); the air electric heating chamber (15), the air flow meter (16), the vector gas nozzle (17) and the mixed gas temperature sensor (18) are electrically connected with the electronic controller (3); the cylinder cover (1) is also provided with two air inlets (102) and two air outlets (103) which are connected with a combustion chamber, each air inlet (102) and each air outlet (103) are respectively provided with an air inlet valve and an air outlet valve which correspond to the air inlets, an auxiliary air inlet (104) communicated with the combustion chamber is also arranged between the two air inlets (102), an auxiliary air inlet valve for opening and closing the auxiliary air inlet is arranged in the auxiliary air inlet (104), an auxiliary air inlet channel connected with the auxiliary air inlet channel is arranged at the auxiliary air inlet (104), and a supercharging device is also arranged on the auxiliary air inlet channel.

2. A homogeneous compression ignition internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein the combustion chamber volume instant adjusting column (6) is constructed of a high temperature resistant hard metal.

3. A homogeneous charge compression ignition internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein an adjustable exhaust gas heating air chamber (13) is provided in the exhaust pipe (11), said adjustable exhaust gas heating air chamber (13) communicating with the intake pipe (19) and electrically coupled to the electronic controller (3).

4. A control system for a homogeneous compression ignition internal combustion engine according to claim 1, comprising an electronic controller (3), further comprising a displacement sensor (8) disposed above the combustion chamber volume instant adjustment column (6), a fuel electric heating distillation chamber (10) disposed on a liquid fuel guide pipe (9) of the internal combustion engine, an adjustable exhaust gas heating air chamber (13) disposed on the exhaust pipe (11), an intake air temperature sensor (20) disposed to detect the temperature of air in the intake pipe (19), an exhaust pipe temperature sensor (21) disposed to detect the temperature of the exhaust pipe (11), a revolution speed sensor (22) and a cylinder water temperature sensor (23) disposed in the cylinder, and an air electric heating chamber (15), an air flow meter (16), disposed in sequence on a path of the intake pipe (19) of the internal combustion engine to the cylinder, The device comprises a vector gas nozzle (17) and a mixed gas temperature sensor (18), wherein the displacement sensor (8), a fuel electric heating distillation chamber (10), an adjustable waste gas heating air chamber (13), an air electric heating chamber (15), an air flow meter (16), the vector gas nozzle (17), the mixed gas temperature sensor (18), an air inlet temperature sensor (20), an exhaust pipe temperature sensor (21), a rotating speed sensor (22) and a cylinder water temperature sensor (23) are all electrically connected with an electronic controller (3).

5. The control method of the control system of the homogeneous charge compression ignition internal combustion engine according to claim 4, wherein at the time of cold start, if the temperatures detected by the exhaust pipe temperature sensor (21), the mixture gas temperature sensor (18), and the intake air temperature sensor (20) cannot reach the hot start condition, the electronic controller (3) controls the fuel electrothermal distillation chamber (10) to be opened to heat-distill the liquid fuel passing therethrough; meanwhile, the electronic controller (3) controls the air electric heating chamber (15) to be opened, cold air is heated in an electric heating mode, after both reach the corresponding value range of the starting compression ignition requirement of the internal combustion engine, the electronic controller (3) starts a transmission mechanism connected with the combustion chamber volume instant adjusting column (6) to operate, so that the combustion chamber volume instant adjusting column (6) is driven to extend into the combustion chamber (2) for the corresponding length, the mixed gas realizes compression ignition in the cylinder, and the electronic controller (3) further controls a starting motor to realize starting; when the internal combustion engine is preheated for a certain time, the temperature of the exhaust pipe (11) is detected through an exhaust pipe temperature sensor (21), when the heat energy of the exhaust pipe (11) is enough to heat the external air and distill the liquid fuel to reach the corresponding value range required by compression ignition, an electronic controller (3) respectively sends closing instructions to an air electric heating chamber (15) and a fuel electric heating distilling chamber (10), at the moment, the external cold air is heated by an adjustable waste gas heating air chamber (13) to reach the corresponding value range, and the distillation of the liquid fuel is completed by a waste gas heating liquid fuel distilling chamber (12) arranged on the exhaust pipe (11); when the internal combustion engine runs normally, after collecting the values detected by the rotating speed sensor (22), the air flow meter (16), the mixed gas temperature sensor (18) and the water temperature sensor (23), the electronic controller (3) controls the length of the volume instant adjusting column (6) of the combustion chamber extending into the combustion chamber (2) by comparing and setting various values required when reaching compression ignition, thereby adjusting the compression ratio of the mixed gas and enabling the compression ignition point to reach an ideal time point; when the internal combustion engine runs normally, the electronic controller (3) controls the amount of the fuel gas sprayed by the vector fuel gas nozzle (17) according to the state of the electronic accelerator, and the power output of the internal combustion engine is directly determined by the amount of the fuel gas sprayed by the vector fuel gas nozzle (17).

6. The control method of the control system of the homogeneous charge compression ignition internal combustion engine according to claim 5, characterized in that at the time of cold start, when the temperature of the mixture detected by the mixture temperature sensor (18) is too high and approaches the upper limit of the compression ignition of the internal combustion engine, the electronic controller (3) controls the distance between the adjustable exhaust gas heating air chamber (13) and the exhaust pipe (11) to increase the distance and reduce the amount of air heated by the heat energy on the exhaust pipe (11).