CN107216004B - Domestic sewage treatment system and method - Google Patents
Domestic sewage treatment system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107216004B CN107216004B CN201710524315.XA CN201710524315A CN107216004B CN 107216004 B CN107216004 B CN 107216004B CN 201710524315 A CN201710524315 A CN 201710524315A CN 107216004 B CN107216004 B CN 107216004B
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- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
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Abstract
The invention discloses a domestic sewage treatment system, which comprises an anaerobic adjusting tank, an anoxic reaction tank, a biological filter tower unit and an undercurrent artificial wetland, wherein the anaerobic adjusting tank is arranged in the anoxic reaction tank; the inlet end of anaerobism equalizing basin has arranged the inlet channel, link to each other through the passageway of flowing automatically between anaerobism equalizing basin and the oxygen deficiency reaction tank, arranged the elevator pump in the oxygen deficiency reaction tank, biological filter tower unit is located the top of anaerobism equalizing basin and oxygen deficiency reaction tank, disposes a high water level case, the perforation collector pipe has been arranged to the bottom of biological filter tower unit, the delivery port and the undercurrent constructed wetland of perforation collector pipe link to each other, all be provided with biological filter material in biological filter tower unit and the undercurrent constructed wetland. Further, a sewage treatment method based on the system is also disclosed. The system and the method have the advantages of small occupied area, small one-time investment, low operation cost, strong impact load resistance, high water treatment efficiency, stable effluent quality, good landscape effect and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of sewage treatment, and particularly relates to a domestic sewage treatment system and method.
Background
China is a big population country and a big agricultural country, and most of the population of China is distributed in villages. In recent years, with the rapid development of the economy of each town area and the improvement of the living standard of people, the domestic water is gradually increased, the discharge amount of the domestic sewage generated along with the increase of the economy is increased, so that the surface water body cannot bear excessive load, and the potential safety hazard and the problem of the environment are more and more serious. Excessive domestic sewage discharge exceeds the self-purification capacity of water, causes water pollution, and not only influences the life quality of residents, but also influences the body health of the residents.
In 2009, the reports of "planning and construction of villages and towns in ecological civilization times" of the Ministry of residential construction indicate that the treatment rate of the residential sewage of the rural government is only 1.7% at the end of 2006 according to the statistical data of the Ministry of residential construction. It can be concluded that the treatment rate of rural domestic sewage is lower, rural sewage is basically discharged into rivers and lakes on the spot, and the sewage contains a large amount of organic matters, nitrogen and phosphorus elements, so that the environmental capacity and ecological bearing capacity of the water body of rivers and lakes are not heavy, the ecological system is seriously damaged, and the problem of water pollution is increasingly aggravated, thereby causing large-scale blue-green algae and water bloom, causing water quality deterioration, seriously affecting the ecological environment of rural areas, and harming the life quality and body health of people.
In addition, the rural sewage quality characteristics: there are two main sources of rural domestic sewage, including: 1) cooking water for kitchen ware, shower, silk washing water and water for flushing toilets mainly contain organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus, bacteria, viruses, parasites and the like, and generally do not contain toxic substances; 2) excrement and waste water produced by rural resident breeding and livestock breeding mainly contain nitrogen, phosphorus, BOD, COD, suspended matters and other pollutants. The quality of the sewage has the characteristic of good biochemical property. Rural sewage discharge characteristics: most rural areas do not have special sewage and wastewater pipe network collection and treatment facilities, rural domestic sewage is generally discharged to roads, riverways and pits near living sites along the same terrain, and the main characteristics are as follows: 1) the flow is small, and the change coefficient is large; 2) rural residents are scattered and live regularly, so that sewage is discharged more in the morning and at night and is discharged less at night; 3) in the morning, afternoon and evening, there are 1 peak period, and the peak period is related to season, living habits of local rural areas and other factors.
Based on the above, the researched treatment process mainly aims at the pollution factors of the domestic sewage to remove indexes such as suspended matters, organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus and the like in the water.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to research a domestic sewage treatment system and a method, which can integrate sewage collection, filtration, biochemistry and ecological purification treatment processes into a whole, treat dispersed sewage, remove pollution factors such as suspended matters, organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus and the like, and ensure that the quality of treated effluent reaches the first-level A standard of pollutant discharge Standard of urban sewage treatment plants (GB 18918-2002). The specific technical scheme is as follows:
a domestic sewage treatment system comprises an anaerobic adjusting tank 1, an anoxic reaction tank 2, a biological filter tower unit 3 and an undercurrent artificial wetland 4; the inlet end of anaerobism equalizing basin 1 has arranged inlet channel 5, link to each other through the passageway of flowing automatically between anaerobism equalizing basin 1 and the oxygen deficiency reaction tank 2, the elevator pump 6 has been arranged in the oxygen deficiency reaction tank 2, biological filter tower unit 3 is located the top of anaerobism equalizing basin 1 and oxygen deficiency reaction tank 2, dispose a high water level tank 7, the water inlet of high water level tank 7 passes through conduit 19 and links to each other with elevator pump 6, the delivery port of high water level tank 7 links to each other with biological filter tower unit 3's top, perforation collector pipe 8 has been arranged to biological filter tower unit 3's bottom, the delivery port and the undercurrent constructed wetland 4 of perforation collector pipe 8 link to each other, all be provided with biological filter material in biological filter tower unit 3 and the undercurrent constructed wetland 4.
Furthermore, a vegetation layer can be covered on the biological filter material in the biological filter tower unit 3 and/or the subsurface flow constructed wetland 4, so that the system can comprehensively treat sewage by utilizing physical, chemical and biological effects under the combined action of plants and soil microorganisms.
Further, the biological filter tower unit 3 comprises a plurality of stages of biological filters 20, the diameters of the biological filters 20 are gradually increased from top to bottom, and the inlet water from the high water level tank 7 falls into the filters from the top of the biological filter tower unit 3 through gravity from top to bottom. Thereby realizing the whole-process self-flow biochemical filtration, not only effectively screening and adsorbing suspended matters in the sewage, but also generating contact oxidation, and simultaneously removing organic matters, and simultaneously, converting the Kjeldahl nitrogen in the water into nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen by aerobic nitrification of nitrobacteria.
Furthermore, a water collector 13 is arranged at the bottom of each stage of biological filter 20, a circle of water outlet grooves 14 are arranged outside, and sewage of each stage of biological filter 20 enters the water outlet grooves 14 through the water collector 13 and then enters the next stage of biological filter 20 from the top of the water outlet grooves 14 in a falling mode.
Furthermore, each level of biological filter 20 is a cylindrical structure, the water collector 13 arranged at the bottom of each level of biological filter 20 is circular, and the water outlet groove 14 arranged outside is annular.
Further, the high water level tank 7 is arranged at the center of the biological filter tower unit 3 and longitudinally penetrates through the biological filter tower unit 3, and the water outlet end of the high water level tank is positioned at the top of the biological filter tower unit 3.
Further, the water outlet end of the high water level tank 7 is connected with a horn-shaped weir 10 with an upward opening.
Furthermore, the high water level tank 7 is of a cylindrical structure, and the cross section of the horn-shaped weir crest 10 at the water outlet end of the high water level tank is circular so as to realize a water distribution mode of circumferential uniform distribution and ensure that the water inlet of the biological filter tower unit 3 is uniformly distributed.
Further, the anaerobic adjusting tank 1 and the anoxic reaction tank 2 are arranged in a water tank together and are divided into two independent tank bodies through a partition plate.
Furthermore, the volume of the anaerobic adjusting tank 1 is 1.5 to 2.5 times of the volume of the anoxic reaction tank 2.
Further, the anaerobic adjusting tank 1 and the anoxic reaction tank 2 are arranged in a water tank together, and the biological filter tower unit 3 is fixed right above the water tank and forms an integrated structure with the water tank.
Furthermore, a first water outlet branch pipe 11 connected with the anaerobic adjusting tank 1 and/or the anoxic reaction tank 2 and a second water outlet branch pipe 15 connected with the subsurface flow constructed wetland 4 are arranged at the water outlet end of the perforated water collecting pipe 8. The reflux of partial effluent is realized through the first effluent branch pipe 11, and the reflux ratio can be controlled between 50 and 200 percent, thereby further improving the denitrification efficiency of the system.
Further, a second water quantity control valve 16 is arranged on the second water outlet branch pipe 15 and is used for controlling the water inflow flowing from the biological filter tower unit 3 to the subsurface flow artificial wetland 4.
Further, the first water outlet branch pipe 11 is provided with a first water amount control valve 12 for controlling the water inflow amount flowing back from the biological filtration tower unit 3 to the anaerobic regulation tank 1 and/or the anoxic reaction tank 2.
Furthermore, an outlet channel 17 is arranged at the tail end of the subsurface flow constructed wetland 4, and the outlet channel 17 is provided with an outlet control valve 18.
Furthermore, a bactericide throwing interface is arranged at the water outlet channel 17 of the subsurface flow constructed wetland 4 and can be used for throwing bactericide into the water outlet channel 17.
Further, the lift pump 6 is powered by a solar cell module.
The invention also discloses a domestic sewage treatment method, which adopts any domestic sewage treatment system with the characteristics to carry out sewage treatment, sewage enters the anaerobic regulating tank 1 through the water inlet pipeline 5, water treated by the anaerobic regulating tank 1 automatically flows into the anoxic reaction tank 2 through the self-flow channel, the water treated by the anoxic reaction tank 2 is pumped into the high water level tank 7 through the lift pump 6, and the water after being stabilized by the high water level tank 7 falls down from the top of the biological filter tower unit 3 to the flow path biological filter tower unit 3 from top to bottom; the water treated by the biological filtration tower unit 3 is discharged through the perforated water collecting pipe 8, thereby completing the sewage treatment process.
The basic processing flow of the system and the method is as follows: the method comprises the following steps of wastewater collection, anaerobic digestion and regulation, oxygen deficiency, a lift pump, a high-level water tank, a biological filter, effluent (part of the effluent flows back to the oxygen deficiency tank and/or the anaerobic tank), subsurface flow wetland and discharge. Therefore, the system and the method can complete all functions of removing organic matters, removing nitrogen and phosphorus, efficiently filtering and ecologically purifying water in sewage by only consuming once to improve energy consumption, and the impact-resistant high-load process performance is completely suitable for the characteristics of small water volume, high dispersion and large water quality fluctuation of rural domestic sewage.
The domestic sewage treatment system and the method disclosed by the invention have the following beneficial effects:
(1) the biochemical and ecological processes are combined, wherein the biochemical system comprises an anaerobic tank, an anoxic tank and a drop-type biological filter tower, and the ecological system comprises an undercurrent artificial wetland. The multi-stage biological filter can effectively screen and adsorb suspended matters in sewage and remove organic matters through biological contact oxidation. The effluent reflux of the filter tower can further improve the nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency of the system. The subsurface flow constructed wetland can further remove pollution factors such as suspended matters, organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus and the like through the ecological self-cleaning capacity. The whole system has the advantages of strong impact load resistance, high water treatment efficiency, stable effluent quality and the like, and is particularly suitable for treating rural decentralized domestic sewage with small water quantity, wide dispersion and large water quality fluctuation.
(2) The effluent quality treated by the system and the method can meet the first-class A requirement of the national discharge Standard of pollutants for municipal wastewater treatment plants (GB18918-2002), while the effluent quality of the treatment device in the prior art can only meet the first-class B requirement.
(3) The system has only one electric device of the sewage lifting pump in all the equipment components, and the rest sewage can automatically flow through gravity. Wherein, the lift pump can be powered by commercial power, the installed capacity is 0.1kw, and the total ton water treatment cost is 0.2kwh/m3Water, also can adopt solar module power supply unit to provide the power supply for promoting the water pump to realize the purpose of "zero energy consumption", have energy-concerving and environment-protective, advantage that the running cost is low.
(4) The drop-down biological filter can improve the dissolved oxygen content in the filter without an aeration device, and saves the energy consumption required by aeration.
(5) The anaerobic tank and the anoxic tank can be arranged in a water tank, and the water tank is connected with the biological filter tower unit up and down to form an integrated treatment device, so that the whole structure is compact, and the occupied area is small; the integrated treatment device can be combined with the artificial wetland, has reasonable structural design, and has the advantages of high functional integration, low one-time investment cost and good landscape effect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of a domestic sewage treatment system in the embodiment
FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view of a water tank in the embodiment
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a drop-down biological filter tower according to an embodiment
FIG. 4 shows the mechanism of biological denitrification
FIG. 5 shows the mechanism of biological phosphorus removal
The attached drawings are marked as follows: the biological filter comprises an anaerobic adjusting tank 1, an anoxic reaction tank 2, a biological filter tower unit 3, an undercurrent artificial wetland 4, a water inlet pipeline 5, a lift pump 6, a high water level tank 7, a perforated water collecting pipe 8, a water delivery control valve 9, a circular weir crest 10, a water outlet branch pipe 11, a water quantity control valve 12, a circular water collector 13, an annular water outlet groove 14, a water outlet branch pipe 15, a water quantity control valve 16, a water outlet channel 17, a water outlet control valve 18, a water delivery pipeline 19 and a biological filter 20.
Detailed Description
The embodiment discloses a domestic sewage treatment system (the system for short) for rural decentralized domestic sewage treatment, which is used for collecting and treating domestic sewage which is discharged out of order by adopting a mode of improving energy consumption once and flowing automatically in the whole process, so that the environmental target of pollution treatment is realized, the miniaturization, the equipping, the unmanned and the low-cost operation of a treatment device are realized, and the beautifying effect of the appearance can be considered.
The system is further described with reference to the following figures and embodiments:
referring to fig. 1, 2 and 3, the system comprises a domestic sewage treatment integrated device (referred to as an integrated device for short) and an undercurrent artificial wetland 4, wherein the domestic sewage treatment integrated device mainly comprises an anaerobic regulating tank 1, an anoxic reaction tank 2 and a biological filter tower unit 3.
The anaerobic adjusting tank 1 and the anoxic reaction tank 2 are arranged in a buried carbon steel cylindrical water tank together, and the biological filter tower unit 3 is fixed right above the cylindrical water tank to form an integrated vertical tower-shaped structure. The cylindrical water tank is provided with two tank body cells which are respectively an anaerobic adjusting tank 1 and an anoxic reaction tank 2, and the anaerobic adjusting tank 1 is connected with the anoxic reaction tank 2 through a self-flowing channel. As shown in fig. 2(a) and (b), the anaerobic conditioning tank 1 and the anoxic reaction tank 2 may be divided into two concentric sectors or circular cylinders by a partition. The gravity flow channel can be designed into a communicating pipe or a weir crest and other structures. During specific design, the volume of the anaerobic regulating tank 1 can be 1.5 to 2.5 times of the volume of the anoxic reaction tank 2, and the actual size can be adjusted according to the treatment capacity. And a water inlet pipeline 5 is arranged at the water inlet end of the anaerobic regulating tank 1. A lifting pump 6 is arranged at the central position of the bottom in the anoxic reaction tank 2.
The biological filter tower unit 3 consists of a plurality of stages of circular biological filters 20, the diameters of the biological filters are increased step by step from top to bottom, and water inlet at a water outlet of a high water level tank 7 at the top of the biological filter tower unit 3 falls into each stage of the biological filters from top to bottom through gravity. The bottom of each stage of biological filter is provided with a circular water collector 13, the outside is provided with an annular water outlet groove 14, two cross-sectional views shown in fig. 3(a) and (b) can be referred, and sewage in each stage of filter enters the water outlet groove 14 through the water collector 13 and then enters the next stage of biological filter 20 from the top of the water outlet groove 14 in a falling mode.
A cylindrical high water level tank 7 is arranged at the central position of the biological filter tower unit 3, the high water level tank 7 longitudinally penetrates through the biological filter tower unit 3, a water inlet at the bottom of the high water level tank is connected with the lift pump 6 through a water conveying pipeline 19, and a water outlet at the top of the high water level tank is positioned at the top of the biological filter tower unit 3 and is used as a water inlet of the biological filter tower unit 3. The water delivery pipe 19 is provided with a water delivery control valve 9 for controlling the water inflow pumped into the high-level water tank 7. The longitudinal penetrating structure of the high water level tank 5 can be used for supporting and fixing biological filters 20 in multiple stages of biological filter units 7 on one hand, and is also favorable for stabilizing inlet water pumped in from the lift pump 6 on the other hand. The water outlet end of the high water level tank 7 is connected with a horn-shaped weir notch with an upward opening and a circular cross section, and the uniform distribution of the inlet water of the biological filter tower unit 3 is ensured through a circumferentially and uniformly distributed water distribution mode.
The bottom of the biological filter tower unit 3 is provided with a perforated water collecting pipe 8, the water outlet end of the perforated water collecting pipe 8 is divided into two water outlet branch pipes, the water outlet branch pipes 11 are connected with the anaerobic adjusting tank 1 and/or the anoxic reaction tank 2, and the water outlet branch pipes 15 are connected with the subsurface flow constructed wetland 4. A water quantity control valve 12 is arranged on the water branch pipe 11 and is used for controlling the water inflow which flows back to the anaerobic regulating tank 1 and/or the anoxic reaction tank 2 from the biological filter tower unit 3; the water outlet branch pipe 15 is provided with a water quantity control valve 16 for controlling the water inflow flowing from the biological filter tower unit 3 to the subsurface flow constructed wetland 4.
An outlet channel 17 is arranged at the tail end of the subsurface flow constructed wetland 4, and the outlet channel 17 is provided with an outlet control valve 18 so as to control the water level in the wetland. And a bactericide throwing interface is arranged at the water outlet channel 17 of the subsurface flow constructed wetland 4 and is used for throwing bactericide into the water outlet channel 17 for later use.
Biological filter materials are arranged in the biological filter tower unit 3 and the subsurface flow constructed wetland 4 and cover the vegetation layer. Therefore, the system comprehensively utilizes physical, chemical and biological effects to treat the sewage under the combined action of plants and soil microorganisms.
Based on the system, the wastewater enters an anaerobic adjusting tank 1 through a water inlet pipeline 5 and automatically flows into an anoxic reaction tank 2; in the process, the water quality is stabilized by adjusting the anaerobic adjusting tank 1 to play the roles of adjusting and anaerobic biochemical, and the anoxic biochemical effect is played by the anoxic reaction tank 2 to mix the aerobic reflux water, thereby realizing the aim of denitrification.
The effluent treated by the anoxic reaction tank 2 is pumped into a high-level water tank 7 through a lift pump 6, and after the effluent is stabilized in the high-level water tank 7, the effluent automatically flows into the biological filtration tower unit 3 through a weir crest 10. The falling biological filter tower 3 receives the tap water from the weir crest 10 and enters each level of biological filter tanks in a falling way from top to bottom through the action of gravity in the biological filter tower unit 3 so as to realize the whole-course self-flow filtration. Biological filter materials with a certain height are arranged in each level of biological filter 20, the biological filter materials simultaneously have higher surface area as carriers of microorganisms and higher porosity, the uniformity of the flow state of wastewater is ensured, and the biological filter 20 naturally enriches oxygen through hydraulic distribution so as to meet the requirement of dissolved oxygen of an aerobic filter; the filter and interception functions of the system are exerted while the aerobic biochemical action is generated on the incoming water, suspended matters are removed, organic matters are degraded biochemically, and the aerobic nitrification is generated at the same time, so that ammonia nitrogen pollutants in the incoming water are removed.
The effluent of the biological filter tower unit 3 is discharged through the perforated water collecting pipe 8, one part of the discharged water enters the subsequent subsurface flow artificial wetland 4 through the water outlet branch pipe 15, and the other part of the discharged water enters the anaerobic tank and/or the anoxic tank through the water outlet branch pipe 11.
The undercurrent artificial wetland 4 receives part of the effluent of the biological filter tower unit 3, and treats sewage by combining various physical, chemical and biological effects under the combined action of plants and soil microorganisms. The physical effects include precipitation and filtration and adsorption of contaminants by the plant rhizobacteria. The chemical action mainly refers to various chemical reaction processes in the artificial wetland system due to the diversity of plants, microorganisms, fillers and enzymes. The biological effects are mainly the metabolism of microorganisms, the nitrification and denitrification of bacteria and the removal of pollutants by the metabolism and absorption of plants. Furthermore, bactericide can be added into the underflow artificial wetland water outlet channel 17 according to the requirement so as to meet the index requirement of fecal escherichia coli. The water level height and the treatment degree of the effluent of the subsurface flow wetland are controlled by the effluent control valve 18, a bactericide connector is reserved, and if the bactericide needs to be sterilized, the bactericide is added into the outlet channel through the bactericide connector.
Furthermore, the domestic sewage treatment system can also operate in an unattended and full-automatic mode. Only one electric device, namely the sewage lifting pump 6, is arranged in all devices of the system. The power supply of the lift pump 6 can adopt a commercial power supply mode and also can adopt a solar cell panel power supply mode. If the commercial power is adopted for power supply, the installed capacity is 0.1kw, and the total ton water treatment cost is 0.2kwh/m3Water; if the solar cell panel power supply device is adopted to supply power to the lifting water pump, the purpose of zero energy consumption can be realized.
In the embodiments of the present invention, the domestic sewage treatment system, the anaerobic conditioning tank and the anaerobic tank, the anoxic reaction tank and the anoxic tank, the subsurface flow constructed wetland and the constructed wetland, and the like have similar expressions.
Of course, other structural designs can be performed according to requirements besides the integrated structure shown in the embodiment, for example, the anaerobic adjusting tank 1 and the anoxic reaction tank 2 are not designed in one box body, and even if the anaerobic adjusting tank and the anoxic reaction tank are designed in one box body, the anaerobic adjusting tank and the anoxic reaction tank are not necessarily positioned right below the biological filtration tower unit 3 and form the integrated structure; the cross sections of the tank body, the high water level tank 7, the biological filter 20 and the like are not limited to be circular, and can be designed into other shapes such as a rectangle.
The above embodiment shows that the system mainly comprises two organic parts, wherein the first part adopts an A/A/O process (anaerobic anoxic and aerobic process) with a denitrification function, and the second part adopts an artificial subsurface wetland, so that the requirements of removing organic matters and N, P are met through the anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic-subsurface wetland in a hydraulic flow state. Wherein, the aerobic process of the A/A/O section adopts a low-load biological filter, can achieve the purposes of no power and unattended operation, and gives consideration to the beauty of the equipment and the coordination with the environment through the design of the appearance of the equipment; the artificial subsurface flow wetland can form a good landscape effect through the selection of plants.
The sewage collection, anaerobic digestion and anoxic biochemistry can share one buried carbon steel water tank, and the interior of the tank body is divided into an anaerobic digestion regulating tank and an anoxic tank according to the process requirements. The sewage can share a cell body for dispersion, collection and regulation and anaerobic digestion, so that the functions of regulating the water collection amount and homogenization and regulation of the regulating cell are exerted, and the biochemical digestion is carried out by utilizing the anaerobic condition, so that the biochemical property is improved, and the content of organic matters in inlet water is reduced; the effluent automatically flows into the anoxic tank body and is mixed with the nitrifying liquid which flows back from the effluent of the subsequent aerobic biochemical filtering process, anoxic denitrification is carried out, nitrate nitrogen in the sewage is removed, and alkalinity required by the subsequent aerobic biochemical treatment is supplemented. The effluent of the anoxic tank is pumped into a high-level water tank through a lift pump for water distribution, automatically flows into a biological filter tower unit from a water distribution area, is arranged in layers (stages) and consists of a multi-stage biological filter, and the whole process of automatic biochemical filtration can effectively screen and adsorb suspended matters in sewage and perform contact oxidation, so that the organic matters are removed, and meanwhile, nitrobacteria are subjected to aerobic nitrification to convert Kjeldahl nitrogen in the water into nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen. Part of the effluent of the biological filter tower unit flows back to the anoxic tank, and part of the effluent enters the subsurface flow wetland. Suspended matters, nitrogen and phosphorus are further removed by the underflow action, namely the interception action of the plant root system and the soil.
It can be seen that the system integrates anaerobic, anoxic, aerobic biofiltration and subsurface wetland, and realizes effective removal of organic matters, N, P and suspended matters through the metabolism of microorganisms of different populations; the sewage can be used for completing all functions of organic matter removal, nitrogen and phosphorus removal and high-efficiency filtration by only consuming once to improve energy consumption in the system, and the impact load resistant process performance of the system is completely suitable for the characteristics of small water volume, high dispersion type and large water quality fluctuation of rural domestic sewage.
The system and the corresponding method thereof comprise multiple treatment processes such as anaerobic treatment, anoxic treatment, aerobic treatment, underflow wetland treatment and the like, relate to a biological denitrification mechanism, a biological dephosphorization mechanism and an underflow wetland mechanism, and specifically comprise the following steps:
the biological denitrification mechanism is as follows: referring to FIG. 4, biological denitrification is performed by ammoniation of organic nitrogen, nitrification, denitrification, and assimilation of microorganisms.
Ammoniation refers to the process of releasing ammonia when amino acids and other nitrogen-containing organic substances are biodegraded. Only when the organic nitrogen is converted into ammonia and released into the medium can the nitrifying bacteria convert the ammonia nitrogen into nitrate. Nitrification is accomplished by autotrophic aerobic microorganisms. Ammonia nitrogen is firstly converted into nitrite under the action of nitrite bacteria, then the nitrite is further converted into nitrate under the action of nitrate bacteria, the reaction is expressed by the following formula, and a large amount of oxygen is needed in the process.
Denitrification is accomplished by heterotrophic facultative microorganisms and may be represented by the formula:
in the absence of molecular oxygen, denitrifying bacteria take nitrate nitrogen as an electron acceptor, and organic matters as a carbon source and an electron donor, and are completed through assimilation (anabolism) and dissimilation (catabolism) of the denitrifying bacteria.
The assimilation is
And
reduced to ammonia for synthesis by new cells, nitrogen becomes a component of the cytoplasm. The dissimilarity function is
And
is reduced to N2Or N2O, NO, mainly N2The nitrogen removed by dissimilation accounts for about 70% to 75% of the total nitrogen removed.
In the system, the biological denitrification process is mainly realized by an anoxic-aerobic biological filter section.
The biological phosphorus removal mechanism is as follows: referring to fig. 5, biological phosphorus removal is a complex process performed by the growth of Phosphorus Accumulating Organisms (PAOs). PAOs have the unique ability to consume intracellular polyphosphate storage carbon sources under anaerobic conditions and carbon source storage phosphates under aerobic/anoxic conditions.
The mode for explaining the function of PAOs was proposed by Comeau and Wentzel et al, respectively, and is called the Comeau-Wentzel mode. Most organic matters exist in the form of acetic acid and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) under the fermentation action of sewage, and when the wastewater enters an anaerobic zone of a bioreactor, facultative heterotrophic microorganisms are fermented to generate additional fatty acid. PAOs decompose polyphosphate stored intracellularly to provide the energy required for ATP synthesis, storing acetic acid as PHB. The hydrolysis of polyphosphate to ATP increases intracellular inorganic phosphate (P)i) Concentration of (B), PiIs released into the host solution along with the cations.
When wastewater enters the aerobic zone, the dissolved organics in the wastewater are reduced, but the PAOs contain large amounts of PHB storage. The wastewater is rich in inorganic phosphate, and the content of polyphosphate in PAOs is low. For the growth of PAOs, stored PHB is used as a carbon source and an energy source for aerobic metabolism, and all phosphate released in the anaerobic zone and initial phosphate contained in the wastewater are absorbed. PAOs remove phosphorus from wastewater by alternating anaerobic and aerobic cycles. Most phosphorus removal systems adopt an aerobic zone to generate polyphosphoric acid storage, and a part of PAOs uses nitrate and nitrite as electron acceptors under the anoxic condition to form a denitrification phosphorus removal system.
In the system, the biological phosphorus removal process is mainly realized by an anaerobic-aerobic biological filter section.
The mechanism of the subsurface flow wetland is as follows: the subsurface flow constructed wetland (also called as an artificial wetland ecosystem) is a land treatment process which puts sewage into a marsh land which is always in a water saturation state and is grown with water-resistant plants such as reed, cattail and the like, the sewage flows along a certain direction, and the sewage is purified under the combined action of the water-resistant plants and the soil in the flowing process. The mechanism of artificial wetland for treating sewage is quite complex, and the artificial wetland is generally considered to integrate 3 physical, chemical and biological effects on sewage treatment. The physical effects include precipitation and filtration and adsorption of contaminants by the plant rhizobacteria. The chemical action mainly refers to various chemical reaction processes in the artificial wetland system due to the diversity of plants, microorganisms, fillers and enzymes. The biological effects are mainly the metabolism of microorganisms, the nitrification and denitrification of bacteria and the removal of pollutants by the metabolism and absorption of plants.
The artificial wetland ecosystem has good treatment effect on sewage, the quality of the effluent is stable, organic matters can be removed, phosphorus and nitrogen can be removed, and heavy metals can be removed, and the artificial wetland ecosystem has the characteristics of convenience in operation management and low investment and operation cost. The results of the experimental research on the denitrification and dephosphorization of rural domestic sewage in the Taihu lake region by using the two-stage serial artificial wetland system show that the removal rates of NH4+ -N, TN and TP of the artificial wetland system are 83-90%, 80-90% and 83-94% respectively.
In conclusion, the invention is integrated on the basis of the existing independent treatment device, combines with the subsurface flow constructed wetland, realizes the purpose of biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal through the anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic alternative biological environment, and is assisted with the subsurface flow wetland to perform strengthening treatment on organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus and suspended matters in the wastewater, thereby ensuring that the quality of the effluent reaches the standard.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A domestic sewage treatment system is characterized by comprising an anaerobic adjusting tank (1), an anoxic reaction tank (2), a biological filter tower unit (3) and an undercurrent artificial wetland (4), wherein a water inlet pipeline (5) is arranged at the water inlet end of the anaerobic adjusting tank (1), the anaerobic adjusting tank (1) is connected with the anoxic reaction tank (2) through a self-flowing channel, a lift pump (6) is arranged in the anoxic reaction tank (2), the biological filter tower unit (3) is positioned above the anaerobic adjusting tank (1) and the anoxic reaction tank (2) and is provided with a high water level tank (7), the water inlet of the high water level tank (7) is connected with the lift pump (6) through a water pipeline (19), the water outlet is connected with the top of the biological filter tower unit (3), a perforated water collecting pipe (8) is arranged at the bottom of the biological filter tower unit (3), the water outlet of the perforated water collecting pipe (8) is connected with the subsurface flow constructed wetland (4), and biological filter materials are arranged in the biological filter tower unit (3) and the subsurface flow constructed wetland (4) and are covered with a vegetable layer;
the biological filter tower unit (3) comprises a plurality of stages of biological filters (20), the diameters of the biological filters (20) are increased step by step from top to bottom, and the inlet water from the high water level tank (7) falls into each stage of filter tower from the top of the biological filter tower unit (3) through gravity;
the high water level tank (7) is arranged at the central position of the biological filter tower unit (3) and longitudinally penetrates through the biological filter tower unit (3), and the water outlet end of the high water level tank is positioned at the top of the biological filter tower unit (3); the water outlet end of the high water level tank (7) is connected with a horn weir crest (10) with an upward opening, so that water is uniformly distributed on the circumference;
the anaerobic adjusting tank (1) and the anoxic reaction tank (2) are arranged in a buried water tank together, and the biological filter tower unit (3) is fixed right above the water tank and forms an integrated structure with the water tank.
2. The domestic sewage treatment system according to claim 1, wherein a water collector (13) is arranged at the bottom of each stage of the biological filter (20), a ring of water outlet grooves (14) are arranged outside, and sewage in each stage of the biological filter (20) enters the water outlet grooves (14) through the water collector (13) and then enters the next stage of the biological filter (20) from the top of the water outlet grooves (14) in a falling manner.
3. The domestic sewage treatment system according to claim 1, wherein the outlet end of said perforated header pipe (8) is provided with a first outlet branch pipe (11) connected to the anaerobic conditioning tank (1) and/or the anoxic reaction tank (2), and a second outlet branch pipe (15) connected to the subsurface flow constructed wetland (4).
4. The domestic sewage treatment system according to claim 3, wherein said second outlet branch pipe (15) is provided with a second water amount control valve (16), and said first outlet branch pipe (11) is provided with a first water amount control valve (12).
5. The domestic sewage treatment system according to claim 1, wherein an outlet channel (17) is arranged at the end of the subsurface flow constructed wetland (4), and an outlet control valve (18) is arranged at the outlet channel (17).
6. A domestic sewage treatment method, characterized in that the domestic sewage treatment system according to any one of claims 1 to 5 is adopted for sewage treatment, sewage enters an anaerobic adjusting tank (1) through a water inlet pipeline (5), water treated by the anaerobic adjusting tank (1) automatically flows into an anoxic reaction tank (2) through a self-flow channel, water treated by the anoxic reaction tank (2) is pumped into a high water level tank (7) through a lift pump (6), and water after being stabilized by the high water level tank (7) falls from the top of a biological filtration tower unit (3) and flows through the biological filtration tower unit (3) from top to bottom; the water treated by the biological filter tower unit (3) is discharged through the perforated water collecting pipe (8), thereby completing the sewage treatment process.
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| CN108975622A (en) * | 2018-08-15 | 2018-12-11 | 繁昌县小时候生态农业科技有限公司 | A kind of water purification installation used for aquiculture |
| CN109734181A (en) * | 2019-01-25 | 2019-05-10 | 重庆林德科技发展有限公司 | Single pump type saprobia reaction treatment system |
| CN111908716B (en) * | 2020-08-06 | 2022-04-26 | 北京建筑大学 | Village and town sewage transition ring type ecological treatment system and method |
| CN115611467A (en) * | 2022-10-26 | 2023-01-17 | 东南大学 | Photovoltaic drive combined solar heating control rural domestic sewage treatment device |
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