CN115611467A - Photovoltaic drive combined solar heating control rural domestic sewage treatment device - Google Patents
Photovoltaic drive combined solar heating control rural domestic sewage treatment device Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
- Y02W10/37—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using solar energy
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- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a photovoltaic drive combined solar heating control rural domestic sewage treatment device, relates to the technical field of sewage treatment, and solves the technical problems of high investment, high energy consumption and lower treatment efficiency in winter in rural sewage treatment; the photovoltaic driving system comprises a photovoltaic assembly, a photovoltaic controller, a storage battery pack, an inverter and a distribution box; the solar heating system comprises a solar water tank, a vacuum tube type heat collector, a heat preservation hot water tank, a PLC (programmable logic controller) and a circulating water pump; the sewage treatment system comprises a grid well, an adjusting tank, an anoxic tank, a pulse biological filter and a composite artificial wetland which are connected in sequence. The solar energy driving system provides electric power for the sewage treatment system and the solar heating system, and the solar heating system can maintain proper water temperature under the condition of lower temperature in winter, so that the activity of microorganisms is ensured, and the sewage purification effect is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of sewage treatment, in particular to a photovoltaic drive and solar heating combined control rural domestic sewage treatment device.
Background
In recent years, the treatment of rural domestic sewage is closely related to the improvement of the living environment of the masses of farmers, is an important content for improving the improvement of rural human living environment and is an important measure for building beautiful villages. According to the data statistics of the department of ecological environment, the treatment rate of rural domestic sewage is about 28% by 2021 years, which is far lower than the treatment rate of urban sewage (97.53%) in 2020. According to another investigation, the nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in rural domestic sewage and surface runoff of villages can respectively cause 29% and 34% contribution rate to water pollution. The reason for the slow development of rural sewage treatment is mainly that the construction cost of sewage treatment facilities is high and the operation and maintenance difficulty is high. Therefore, in order to improve the current rural domestic sewage treatment problem, the development of a rural domestic sewage treatment process which is low in energy consumption, high in treatment efficiency, easy to maintain and sustainable is urgent.
China has wide breadth, large difference of geographical environment, different water resource amount in different rural areas and different living conditions, living modes and water use habits of farmers, so the characteristics of sewage discharge amount, discharge law and the like have large difference, and the daily change coefficient of sewage is high. Due to the dispersed inhabitants in the countryside, the pipe network collection is difficult, the cost of the unified collection and treatment pipe network is high, and the operation management capacity of the residents in the countryside is relatively low, so that the residents in the countryside cannot bear high operation cost. But the sewage in rural areas has good biodegradability, generally does not contain toxic and harmful substances, and has low heavy metal content. The decentralized treatment technology of rural domestic sewage mainly comprises two types of ecological treatment and biological treatment. Wherein, the land infiltration system, the stabilization pond, the artificial wetland and the like belong to ecological treatment systems. In the common ecological technology, when domestic sewage is treated, lower hydraulic load and organic load, longer hydraulic retention time and large floor area are needed, and the problem of low removal effect on nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants exists. The biological treatment method comprises an activated sludge method such as A/O, A2/O and the like, and also comprises a Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) and a biological membrane sewage treatment process, including a biological filter, a biological rotating disk, contact oxidation and the like. However, the infrastructure investment and operation cost of the separate biological treatment method are high, the operation management is relatively complex, and the microbial activity is easily influenced by external conditions.
On one hand, in the current generation with increasingly short supply of energy, the high energy consumption of sewage treatment becomes one of the important factors restricting the development of rural treatment. On the other hand, the traditional rural domestic sewage treatment facility does not consider the influence of temperature, and the activity of the microorganisms is sharply reduced at 5 ℃ because the suitable growth temperature of the microorganisms is generally 20-35 ℃. Therefore, under the winter condition in rural areas, the efficiency of treatment facilities is reduced, so that tail water is difficult to reach the standard, and the temperature becomes a primary factor for restricting the rural sewage treatment from reaching the standard in winter.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a rural domestic sewage treatment device of photovoltaic drive combination solar heating control, and its technical objective reduces rural sewage treatment device's cost and energy consumption, makes it can high-efficient stable play water under the low temperature condition in winter especially.
The technical purpose of the application is realized by the following technical scheme:
a rural domestic sewage treatment device combining photovoltaic drive and solar heating control comprises a photovoltaic drive system, a solar heating system and a sewage treatment system, wherein the photovoltaic drive system is connected with the sewage treatment system and the electric loads of the solar heating system, and the solar heating system is respectively connected with a pretreatment end and a treatment end of the sewage treatment system through pipelines;
the solar heating system comprises a solar water tank, a vacuum tube type heat collector, a heat preservation hot water tank, a PLC (programmable logic controller) and a circulating water pump; one side of the solar water tank is connected with the heat-preservation hot water tank through a circulating water pump, and the other side of the solar water tank is connected with the heat-preservation hot water tank through a pipeline; two ends of the solar water tank are respectively connected with two ends of the PLC; the solar water tank is connected with the vacuum tube type heat collector in parallel;
the sewage treatment system comprises a grid well, an adjusting tank, an anoxic tank, a pulse biological filter and a composite artificial wetland which are arranged in sequence; the grating well is connected with the adjusting tank, the adjusting tank is connected with the heat-preservation hot water tank, the heat-preservation hot water tank is connected with the anoxic tank through the water inlet pump, the anoxic tank is connected with the pulse biofilter, and the pulse biofilter is connected with the composite artificial wetland.
Furthermore, the solar water tank and the vacuum tube type heat collector comprise at least two groups which are connected in series, and the vacuum tube type heat collector is arranged below the solar water tank.
Furthermore, a temperature and water level sensor is installed on the side surface of the heat-preservation hot water tank, and a group of electric heaters are installed at the bottom of the heat-preservation hot water tank.
Furthermore, the grid well comprises a sewage inlet pipe, grid bars and a sewage outlet pipe, and domestic sewage to be treated enters the grid well through the sewage inlet pipe; the grid bars are galvanized grid plates.
Further, a liquid level controller is installed in the regulating tank, and when the liquid level controller monitors that the water level in the regulating tank is higher than a set value, a circulating water pump is started through a PLC (programmable logic controller) to replenish water for the solar heating system; and when the liquid level controller monitors that the water level in the regulating tank is lower than a set value, the PLC controller closes the circulating water pump.
Furthermore, a biomembrane carrier filler is arranged in the anoxic tank, a submersible sewage pump is arranged at the bottom of the anoxic tank, a water inlet is arranged above the left side of the anoxic tank, and a water outlet is arranged below the right side of the anoxic tank; the water inlet end above the left side and the water outlet end above the right side are both provided with a backflow port; the submersible sewage pump is connected with the high-level pulse biological filter; the heat-preservation hot water tank is connected with the water inlet through a water inlet pump; and the return ports are connected with the water outlet of the pulse biofilter through the first valve.
Furthermore, the pulse biological filter pool comprises a pulse device, a spraying device, a ceramsite filter material, a bearing layer, a ventilation layer and a steel concrete base which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; the pulse device comprises a high-level water tank, a bell jar, an emptying pipe, a bracket, a central siphon pipe and a water inlet pipe, wherein the high-level water tank is arranged at the top of the pulse biological filter and is supported by the bracket; the water inlet pipe is arranged on the side wall of the high-level water tank, the bell jar is positioned in the high-level water tank and covers the upper part of the central siphon pipe, and the emptying pipe and the bracket are respectively arranged below and below the side of the high-level water tank; the submersible sewage pump is connected with a water inlet pipe of the high-level water tank;
the spraying device comprises a water distribution tank, a piston valve, a spray head and a spraying pipe; the water distribution tank is positioned right below the high-level water tank and is communicated with the high-level water tank through a central siphon pipe; the spray pipe is positioned in the pulse biological filter and communicated with the water distribution tank, the spray heads are uniformly distributed on the spray pipe, and the piston valves are arranged on two sides of the water distribution tank.
The ceramsite filter material comprises a biological ceramsite filter material and a building ceramsite filter material.
Furthermore, the composite artificial wetland comprises a water distribution area, a plant layer, a downstream reaction area, an upstream reaction area and a water collection area;
the water distribution area comprises a water inlet water distribution pipe, the water inlet end of the water inlet water distribution pipe is connected with the water outlet of the pulse biofilter through a second valve, and the water outlet end of the water inlet water distribution pipe is communicated with the plant layer; a downstream reaction area and an upstream reaction area are arranged below the plant layer, and the upstream reaction area is communicated with the water collecting area;
the plant layer comprises rosemary, wormwood, perilla, vetiver and mint;
the downstream reaction zone and the upstream reaction zone are sequentially filled with a fine gravel layer, a volcanic rock layer and aerated concrete from top to bottom, and the bottommost bottom plates of the downstream reaction zone and the upstream reaction zone are reinforced concrete bottom plates.
Further, the photovoltaic driving system comprises a photovoltaic assembly, a photovoltaic controller, a storage battery pack, an inverter and a distribution box; the output end of the photovoltaic module is connected with the input end of the photovoltaic controller; the output end of the photovoltaic controller is connected with the input end of the storage battery; the output end of the storage battery is connected with the input end of the inverter; the output end of the inverter is connected with the input end of the distribution box; the output end of the distribution box is respectively connected with the electric loads of the sewage treatment system and the solar heating system.
Furthermore, the photovoltaic modules are at least one group and connected with the rotating shaft, and the rotating shaft drives the photovoltaic modules to rotate along the rotating direction of the sun.
The beneficial effect of this application lies in:
(1) The photovoltaic driving system that this application adopted is equipped with photovoltaic module, can save light energy well, and the electric energy drive sewage treatment system that produces reduces processing system's energy consumption by a wide margin. Particularly, also can heat sewage winter sleet weather, it is high-efficient convenient, whole light energy utilization rate is high, and has good protection dirt resistance, and heat-retaining energy storage nature is strong.
(2) The solar heating system adopted by the application can create good environmental conditions and hydraulic conditions for growth and reproduction of various functional microorganisms under low temperature conditions, so that biochemical processes such as organic matter degradation, ammonia nitrogen nitrification and denitrification and the like keep high reaction rate, and pollutants in water can be stably removed.
(3) The sewage treatment system is a biological and ecological combined process which is adopted aiming at distributed village sewage, the technical advantages of all units are exerted, and a novel combined technology of an anoxic tank, a pulse biofilter and a composite artificial wetland is provided, wherein the anoxic tank and the pulse biofilter are used as biological sections and mainly degrade organic matters, complete the nitrification of ammonia nitrogen and remove partial nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants; the composite artificial wetland further utilizes the residual nitrogen and phosphorus elements for resource utilization so as to deeply treat the nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient elements. Specifically, domestic sewage is collected by a pipe network, automatically flows into a grid well and a regulating tank, then enters an anoxic tank through a solar heating system, is lifted to a high-level water tank of a pulse biological filter by 1 small submersible sewage pump, enters a double-layer biological filter through a spraying device, flows through a filter material, and finishes the processes of organic matter adsorption degradation and nitration through a biological membrane attached to the filter material. The effluent of the filter tank is subjected to sectional backflow, namely a part of the effluent flows back to the water inlet end of the anoxic tank, a part of the effluent flows back to the water outlet end of the anoxic tank, and the rest of the effluent enters the composite artificial wetland for advanced treatment. The pulse water distribution is beneficial to the growth and the update of a biological membrane, the nitrification reaction in the filter tank can be ensured to be completed smoothly, and the composite artificial wetland can effectively improve the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus removal and ensure the stable quality of outlet water by adding volcanic rock and aerated concrete and planting the aromatic artificial wetland. The whole system realizes the purposes of energy conservation, low consumption, strong load impact resistance and nitrogen and phosphorus resource utilization.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an implementation of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the apparatus of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a pulse device coupled to a spray device;
in the figure: 1-a grid well; 101-a sewage inlet pipe; 102-grid bars; 103-a sewage outlet pipe; 2-a regulating reservoir; 3-a heat preservation hot water tank; 301-temperature water level sensor; 302-an electric heater; 4-a water inlet pump; 5-anoxic pond; 501-biofilm carrier filler; 502-submersible sewage pump; 503-water inlet; 504-reflux port; 61-a first valve; 62-a second valve; 7-pulse biological filter; 701-a high-level water tank; 702-a bell jar; 703-an emptying pipe; 704-a stent; 705-central siphon; 706-a piston valve; 707-a spray head; 708-a water distribution tank; 709-a spray pipe; 710-a water inlet pipe; 711-ceramsite filtering material; 712-a support layer; 713-a ventilation layer; 714-a steel concrete base; 8-composite artificial wetland; 801-fine gravel layer; 802-volcanic rock formation; 803-aerated concrete; 804-a steel concrete bottom plate; 805-a plant layer; 806-a water collecting area; 807-water inlet and distribution pipes; 9-a photovoltaic module; 10-a photovoltaic controller; 11-a battery pack; 12-an inverter; 13-a distribution box; 14-a PLC controller; 15-vacuum tube type heat collector; 16-a solar water tank; 17-circulating water pump; 18-rotating shaft.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The description of the exemplary embodiments is merely exemplary in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses.
As shown in figure 1, the rural domestic sewage treatment device with photovoltaic drive and solar heating combined control comprises a photovoltaic drive system, a solar heating system and a sewage treatment system, wherein the photovoltaic drive system is connected with the sewage treatment system and an electric load of the solar heating system, and the solar heating system is connected with a pretreatment end and a treatment end of the sewage treatment system through pipelines respectively.
The photovoltaic driving system mainly functions to convert light energy into electric energy through the photovoltaic assembly 9 and supply energy to the whole sewage treatment device. The solar heating system heats the sewage to a certain temperature by using light energy so as to achieve the effect of winter treatment, and the sewage is heated by using stored electric energy under the condition of insufficient sunlight. The grid well 1 is mainly used to intercept coarse suspended matter or floating impurities, protect the subsequent water pump and prevent the pipeline from being blocked. The anoxic pond 5 mainly utilizes organic matters in the biological sewage and nitrate in the reflux liquid to perform denitrification and remove part of odor in the water body. The pulse biological filter 7 sprays water into the double-layer biological filter in a pulse water distribution mode, sewage flows through the filter material, the adsorption degradation and nitration processes of organic matters are completed through a biological membrane attached to the filter material, and part of odor is adsorbed. The main function of the composite artificial wetland 8 is advanced treatment, further nitrogen and phosphorus removal, realization of nitrogen and phosphorus resource utilization and construction of pollution purification type agriculture.
Through this application when rural domestic sewage treatment plant of photovoltaic drive combination solar heating control carries out sewage treatment, including following step:
rural domestic sewage is collected and intercepted by a grating well 1, large-particle suspended organic matters and floating impurities are removed, and then the water quantity is regulated by a regulating reservoir 2, the water quality is balanced and the pretreatment is carried out, so that overlarge impact on subsequent structures is prevented. Aiming at the low temperature condition in winter, the solar water tank 16 utilizes the control of the PLC 14 and the heating of the vacuum tube type heat collector 15 to carry out the whole-day heat supply control mode, when the water level is lower than the set water level, the PLC 14 controls the valve to be opened, the system starts to supplement water, under the illumination condition, the vacuum tube type heat collector 15 absorbs heat, and utilizes the chain induction of the temperature water level sensor 301 to enable the water in the solar water tank 16 to reach the set temperature, and then flows into the heat preservation hot water tank 3 to be stored. When the illumination intensity is insufficient, namely the PLC controller 14 turns on the circulating water pump 17 when the daytime is lower than the set illumination intensity value, the sewage in the solar water tank 16 exchanges heat with the sewage in the heat-preservation hot water tank 3, and the electric heater 302 is turned on until the temperature set in the time period is reached because the temperature of the heat-preservation hot water tank 3 is lower than the set value. The sewage reaching the set temperature is pumped into an anoxic tank 5 by a water inlet pump 4 to remove partial organic matters and nitrogen and phosphorus substances in the reflux liquid, the effluent is lifted to a high-level water tank 701 of a pulse biofilter 7 by a submersible sewage pump 502 and sprayed into the pulse double-layer biofilter by a spraying device, the sewage flows through a ceramsite filter material 711, and the processes of organic matter adsorption degradation and nitrification are completed by a biological membrane attached to the ceramsite filter material 711. And the effluent of the pulse biofilter 7 is subjected to segmented backflow, namely part of the effluent flows back to the water inlet end of the anoxic pond 5 and part of the effluent flows back to the water outlet end of the anoxic pond 5, the rest of the effluent enters the composite artificial wetland 8 for advanced treatment, and the economic aromatic plants are planted to construct dye-purification agriculture so as to complete the resource utilization of nitrogen and phosphorus.
As shown in fig. 2, the sewage treatment system comprises a grid well 1, an adjusting tank 2, an anoxic tank 5, a pulse biological filter 7 and a composite artificial wetland 8 which are arranged in sequence; the grating well 1 is connected with an adjusting tank 2, the adjusting tank 2 is connected with a heat-preservation hot water tank 3, the heat-preservation hot water tank 3 is connected with an anoxic tank 5 through a water inlet pump 4, the anoxic tank 5 is connected with a pulse biological filter 7, and the pulse biological filter 7 is connected with a composite artificial wetland 8.
The side of the grid well 1 is provided with a sewage inlet pipe 101 and a sewage outlet pipe 103, and grid bars 102 are arranged in the grid well 1. When sewage flows through the grid bars 102, larger suspended matters and floating matters are intercepted, and the problem of blockage of subsequent structures is prevented.
The grid well 1 is positioned underground, reinforced concrete is poured on the wall of the tank, the wall thickness is 150mm, and the left side wall is provided with a sewage inlet pipe 101 for inputting sewage; the grid bars 102 are galvanized grid plates, the hole size is 30mm multiplied by 30mm, and the inclination angle is 75 degrees. And a sewage outlet pipe 103 of the grid well 1 is connected with a water inlet of the regulating tank 2.
The adjusting tank 2 is cast by plain concrete, and the tank body has anti-seepage performance and mainly functions in adjusting water quantity and balancing water quality. A liquid level controller 201 is arranged in the regulating reservoir 2, and when the liquid level controller 201 monitors that the water level in the regulating reservoir 2 is higher than a set value, the PLC 14 starts the circulating water pump 17 to replenish water for the solar heating system; when the liquid level controller 201 monitors that the water level in the regulating reservoir 2 is lower than the set value, the circulating water pump 17 is turned off through the PLC controller 14.
A temperature water level sensor 301 and an electric heater 302 are arranged in the heat preservation hot water tank 3, and the outer wall of the heat preservation hot water tank is made of heat preservation materials and used for maintaining the water temperature condition in winter. One side of the heat preservation hot water tank 3 is connected with the solar water tank 16 through a circulating water pump 17, and the other side of the heat preservation hot water tank is connected with the anoxic pond 5 through the water inlet pump 4.
A biomembrane carrier filler 501 is arranged in the anoxic pond 5, a submersible sewage pump 502 is arranged at the bottom of the anoxic pond, a water inlet 503 is arranged above the left side of the anoxic pond, and a water inlet end above the left side and a water outlet end above the right side of the anoxic pond are simultaneously provided with a return port 504; the submersible sewage pump 502 is connected with the high-level pulse biological filter 7; the heat preservation hot water tank 3 is connected with a water inlet 503 through a water inlet pump 4, and a return port 504 at a water inlet end and a return port 504 at a water outlet end are both connected with a water outlet of the pulse biofilter 7 through a first valve 61.
The anoxic pond 5 adopts a brick-concrete structure and is plastered by concrete, the pond body is coated with an impermeable layer, felt filler is adopted in the pond body as biomembrane carrier filler 501, the felt filler is cut into a proper size and fixed on a steel bar support to be integrally installed in the anoxic pond 5, and the filling rate in the pond body is about 40-55%. Microorganisms are attached to the surface of the filler to grow and form a biological film. One side of the anoxic pond 5 is provided with a water inlet 503, and the outlet water is lifted into a high-level water tank 701 through a pipeline by a bottom submersible sewage pump 502.
The working mechanism of the anoxic tank 5 is as follows: the sewage flows into the heat preservation hot water tank 3 through the solar heating system and then enters the anoxic tank 5 through the water inlet pump 4, the sewage is mixed with the effluent from the pulse biofilter 7, microorganisms attached to and growing on the biofilm carrier filler 501 perform organic matter degradation and denitrification by using organic matters in the sewage and nitrate in the reflux liquid as substrates, and the treated sewage is lifted to the high-level water tank 701 through the submerged sewage pump 502.
The pulse biological filter 7 comprises a pulse device, a spraying device, a ceramsite filter 711, a supporting layer 712, a ventilation layer 713 and a steel concrete base 714 which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom. The pulse device is positioned at the top of the pulse biological filter 7; the spraying device is arranged in the pulse biological filter 7 and is communicated with the pulse device; the ceramsite filter material 711 is positioned in the middle of the pulse biofilter 7 and consists of two filter material layers, and a bearing layer 712 is arranged at the bottom of each filter material layer. The bottom of the pulse biological filter 7 is provided with a ventilation layer 713 and a reinforced concrete base 714, the ventilation layer 713 is composed of a vent hole, and a water receiving pool is arranged below the vent hole.
As shown in FIG. 3, the pulse device comprises a high level water tank 701, a bell jar 702, an emptying pipe 703, a bracket 704, a central siphon 705 and a water inlet pipe 710, wherein the high level water tank 701 is installed at the top of the pulse biological filter 7 and is supported by the bracket 704; the water inlet pipe 709 is arranged on the side wall of the high-level water tank 701; a bell jar 702 is positioned in the head tank 701 and covers over the central siphon 705; the emptying pipe 703 and the bracket 704 are respectively installed below and laterally below the high-level water tank 701.
The spraying device comprises a water distribution tank 708, a piston valve 706, a spray head 707 and a spray pipe 709, wherein the water distribution tank 708 is positioned right below the high-level water tank 701 and is communicated with the high-level water tank 701 through a central siphon 705; the spray pipes 709 are positioned in the pulse biological filter 7 and are communicated with the water distribution tank 708, and the spray heads 707 are uniformly distributed on the spray pipes 709; piston valves 706 are mounted on either side of the water distribution tank 708.
The working principle of the pulse biological filter 7 is as follows: the sewage is lifted to a high-level water tank 701 of the pulse biofilter 7 by a sewage submersible pump 502, after the water level reaches the siphoning height, the sewage is uniformly sprayed on a ceramsite filter material 711 through a central siphon 705 and a spraying pipe 709, the sewage is contacted with a biological membrane on the ceramsite filter material 711, and organic pollutants are absorbed by microorganisms, so that the aim of purifying the sewage is fulfilled; the effluent of the pulse biological filter 7 is subjected to sectional backflow, namely a part of the effluent flows back to a water inlet 503 of the anoxic tank 5, a part of the effluent flows back to a water outlet 504 of the anoxic tank 5 so as to carry out denitrification reaction, and the rest of the effluent enters the composite artificial wetland 8 for advanced treatment.
The water distribution is performed once at equal intervals by adopting a pulse water distribution mode, namely controlling the water inlet time of the biological filter. The water flows through the filtering material from top to bottom, and after a period of time, a biological film is formed on the surface of the filtering material. The mechanism of degrading and removing the organic matters in the sewage by the pulse biofilter 7 is mainly realized byDiffusion of diffusion mass and assimilation of microorganisms due to the existence of mass transfer resistance in the biological membrane, the transfer of organic matters, dissolved oxygen and other substrates in the biological membrane has concentration gradient, a water layer is attached to the outside of the biological membrane, sewage flows through the surface of a filter material, and the organic matters are diffused into the water layer from the high-concentration sewage and are further adsorbed by the biological membrane; at the same time, oxygen in the air passes through the water layer through the water flow and enters the aerobic layer of the biological membrane, and microorganisms in the biological membrane carry out oxidative decomposition on organic matters in the sewage and metabolism of organisms under the participation of the oxygen, and microbial metabolites such as CO 2 、 H 2 Inorganic substance such as O and decomposition product H of anaerobic layer 2 S、NH 3 The gas passes through the attached water in the opposite direction into the flowing water layer and the air, so that the sewage is purified. After the biological membrane is mature, the aerobic metabolism capability of the microorganism is strong, the purification function is best, and the degradation effect of the biological membrane in an aging state is poor. The anaerobic layer and the aerobic layer of the biological membrane with mature surface of the filter material keep a certain balance relationship, the thickness of the anaerobic layer is increased along with the increase of metabolites, simultaneously gaseous metabolites escape, the balance between the two layers is lost, the ecological system of the aerobic layer loses a stable state, the fixing force of the biological membrane on the surface of the filter material is reduced, the biological membrane becomes an aging state and naturally falls off, and then a new biological membrane is formed on the surface of the filter material.
The composite artificial wetland 8 comprises a water distribution area, a plant layer 805, a downstream reaction area, an upstream reaction area and a water collection area 806, wherein high-strength impermeable membranes are paved around the composite artificial wetland, the wall body adopts a brick structure and concrete plastering, the bottom of the composite artificial wetland adopts a reinforced concrete structure, and the upstream reaction area and the downstream reaction area are separated by an intermediate partition wall. The plant layer 805, the fine gravel layer 801, the volcanic layer 802, the aerated concrete 803 and the steel concrete bottom plate 804 are sequentially distributed in the composite artificial wetland 8 from top to bottom, and the water inlet and distribution pipe 807 is positioned in the water distribution area above the fine gravel layer 801. In the downflow reaction zone: the thickness of the fine gravel layer 801 is 200mm, the thickness of the volcanic layer 802 is 350mm, and the thickness of the aerated concrete 803 is 300mm. In the upflow reaction zone: the thickness of the fine gravel layer 801 is 200mm, the thickness of the volcanic layer 802 is 250mm, and the thickness of the aerated concrete 803 is 300mm. The particle size of the fine gravels in the fine gravel layer 801 is 5-15 mm, the fine gravels can be replaced by coarse sand according to different planted plants, the particle size of the volcanic rock in the volcanic rock layer 802 is 10-15 mm, and the particle size of the aerated concrete is 20-40 mm.
Geotextile filter layers are respectively arranged between the fine gravel layer 801 and the volcanic rock layer 802 and between the volcanic rock layer 802 and the aerated concrete 803. Through setting up geotechnological cloth reversed filter, can prevent the downward seepage of small-grain size matrix granule. The fine gravel layer is used as a planting layer, the volcanic rock has good ammonia nitrogen adsorption effect, and the aerated block layer has strong phosphorus adsorption effect.
The water inlet and distribution pipe 807 adopts spray type water outlet to realize uniform distribution of water outlet. The water inlet and distribution pipe 807 comprises a main pipe and branch pipes, which are connected by UPVC pipes and are laid in a shape like a Chinese character feng, the left lower side and the right lower side of each branch pipe are uniformly provided with holes of 60 degrees, and the hole diameter is 5mm.
Aromatic plants such as vetiver, mint, wormwood, perilla, rosemary and the like can be planted in the composite artificial wetland 8. The vetiver grass and the mint have large biomass, developed root systems, strong stress resistance and strong nitrogen and phosphorus enrichment capacity, and can be harvested for multiple times to generate considerable economic benefit; the wormwood, the perilla, the rosemary and the like have high survivability, strong adaptability, cold resistance and drought resistance, and the characteristic of easy survival is suitable for the background condition of low-cost maintenance of rural sewage treatment. The recommended hydraulic load of the composite artificial wetland 8 is 0.1m3/(m < 2 >. D), and the plants in the wetland can be harvested once in three months.
Compared with other traditional wetland types, the composite artificial wetland 8 has a good removal effect, sewage is distributed in a spraying manner, the wetland reaction zone is in an anaerobic and anoxic state, good conditions are provided for denitrification, and the removal effect of organic matters and total nitrogen is good. The matrix is selected from volcanic rock and aerated concrete, and has good adsorption effect on nitrogen and phosphorus elements in the sewage. On the other hand, by harvesting and stubble-changing of the wetland plants at regular intervals, the resource utilization of nitrogen and phosphorus is realized, the economic benefit is created, and a low-consumption sustainable sewage treatment mode is shown.
The photovoltaic driving system comprises a photovoltaic module 9, a photovoltaic controller 10, a storage battery pack 11, an inverter 12 and a distribution box 13, and in order to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell, the photovoltaic driving system is provided with a single-shaft solar automatic tracking control system (namely a rotating shaft 18), the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell is improved through the rotating shaft 18, and the generated energy can be increased by 15-25% every year. The photovoltaic component 9 can be installed in an open area or a roof layer and is used for converting the radiation energy of the sun into direct current electric energy and is connected with the photovoltaic controller 10 through a lead; the photovoltaic controller 10 is used for regulating and controlling the electric energy generated by the solar cell module, charging the storage battery 11, and performing overcharge protection and overdischarge protection on the storage battery 11; in places with large temperature difference, the photovoltaic controller 10 has a temperature compensation function; the input end of the photovoltaic controller 10 is connected with the output end of the photovoltaic module 9 through a lead, and the output end of the photovoltaic controller 10 is connected with the input end of the storage battery pack 11 through a connecting cable.
As a specific embodiment, the photovoltaic modules 9 are at least one group, and the photovoltaic modules 9 are connected to the rotating shaft 18, and the rotating shaft 18 drives the photovoltaic modules 9 to rotate along the rotation direction of the sun.
The function of the storage battery pack 11 is to store energy so as to ensure the load power utilization at night or in rainy days; the input end of the storage battery pack 11 is connected with the output end of the photovoltaic controller 10 through a connecting cable, and the output end of the storage battery pack 11 is connected with the input end of the inverter 12 through a connecting cable; the battery pack 11 may be disposed within a concrete structure.
The inverter 12 is a core component of the power generation system, and is one of important components in the photovoltaic drive system, and is used for converting direct current generated by the solar cell module into alternating current for an alternating current load; the input end of the inverter 12 is connected with the output end of the storage battery pack 11 through a connecting cable, and the output end of the inverter 12 is connected with the input end of the distribution box 13 through a lead.
The distribution box 13 functions as an isolating switch, and has functions of lightning protection, overvoltage protection and overcurrent protection. When the electric quantity of the storage battery is insufficient, automatically switching to a power supply state of a power grid, and cutting off an original power supply line; the contactor contact passes through the wire and is connected with inverter 12 output in the block terminal, and the output of block terminal 13 is connected with sewage treatment system and solar heating system's load electrical apparatus, and block terminal 13 sets up near sewage treatment facility.
The solar heating system comprises a solar water tank 16, a vacuum tube type heat collector 15, a heat preservation hot water tank 3, a PLC (programmable logic controller) 14 and a circulating water pump 17. One side of a solar water tank 16 is connected with the heat-preservation hot water tank 3 through a circulating water pump 17, the other side of the solar water tank is connected with the heat-preservation hot water tank 3 through a pipeline, and two ends of the solar water tank 16 are respectively connected with two ends of a PLC (programmable logic controller) 14; two sides of the lower part of the solar water tank 16 are respectively connected with the vacuum tube type heat collector 15 through pipelines, two groups of solar water tanks 16 are connected with the vacuum tube type heat collector 15 in parallel, one end of the heat-preservation hot water tank 3 is connected with the adjusting tank 2, the other end of the heat-preservation hot water tank is connected with the anoxic tank 5 through the water inlet pump 4, the side surface of the heat-preservation hot water tank 3 is provided with a temperature water level sensor 301, and the bottom of the heat-preservation hot water tank is provided with a group of electric heaters 302.
The working mechanism of the solar heating system is as follows: the solar water tank 16 carries out the whole-day heat supply control mode through the PLC controller 14, when the water level is lower than the set water level, the PLC controller 14 controls the valve to be opened, the system starts to replenish water, the vacuum tube type heat collector 15 absorbs heat under the illumination condition, and the linkage induction of the temperature water level sensor 301 is utilized, so that the set temperature in the solar water tank 16 is reached, and the solar water tank flows into the heat preservation hot water tank 3 for storage. When the illumination intensity is insufficient, namely the PLC 14 turns on the circulating water pump 17 when the daytime is lower than the set illumination intensity value, the sewage of the solar water tank 16 exchanges heat with the sewage in the heat-preservation hot water tank 3, and the electric heater 302 is started until the temperature set in the time period is reached because the temperature of the heat-preservation hot water tank 3 is lower than the set value. And finally, pumping the sewage reaching the set temperature into an anoxic tank 5 by a water inlet pump 4 for treatment. The sewage passes through the solar heating system, so that the temperature of the sewage reaches the condition suitable for the growth and the propagation of microorganisms, and the good treatment effect is favorably maintained under the winter condition.
In the embodiment, sewage flows into the regulating tank 2 after being intercepted by the grid well 1, is heated by the solar heating system, is pumped into the anoxic tank 5 by the water inlet pump 4, is lifted to the high-level water tank 701 at the top of the pulse biological filter 7 by the submersible sewage pump 502, is uniformly sprayed on the ceramsite filter material 711 by the central siphon 705 and the spray pipe 709 after the water level reaches the siphoning height, and flows to the bottom water receiving tank after passing through two layers of filter materials. The effluent of the filter tank is subjected to sectional backflow, namely a part of the effluent flows back to a water inlet 503 of the anoxic tank 5, a part of the effluent flows back to a water outlet 504 of the anoxic tank 5 so as to carry out denitrification reaction, and the rest of the effluent enters the composite artificial wetland 8 through the control of the second valve 62 for advanced treatment.
In the embodiment of the invention, domestic sewage enters the anoxic tank for organic matter degradation and denitrification after passing through the pretreatment and heating system, is lifted by the submersible sewage pump and enters the pulse biological filter to complete nitration reaction, and a siphon pulse water distribution mode is adopted, so that the filter can be maintained to operate at low load, and the nitration reaction in the filter is ensured to be completed smoothly; but also ensures that part of aged biological membranes are washed away instantly during water distribution, thereby maintaining the biological membranes with higher activity and solving the problems that the traditional biological filter is easy to block and grow flies and generate odor. The sewage flows through the wetland from the downstream reaction area to the upstream reaction area in a spraying manner in the composite artificial wetland, and is purified through the synergistic effect of wetland substrates, plants and microorganisms, so that the resource effect of nitrogen and phosphorus is met, energy is saved, consumption is reduced, management is reduced to the maximum extent, the quality of effluent is improved, and the operation stability of the whole system is enhanced. The whole system is supplied with energy by the photovoltaic driving system, the solar heating system heats sewage, and the system has the advantages of low process energy consumption, strong load impact resistance, good winter operation treatment effect and sustainable application prospect.
The foregoing is illustrative of embodiments of the present invention and it should be understood that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described in detail herein, and that various changes and modifications can be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the invention and, therefore, the invention is intended to be covered by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A rural domestic sewage treatment device controlled by photovoltaic drive and solar heating is characterized by comprising a photovoltaic drive system, a solar heating system and a sewage treatment system, wherein the photovoltaic drive system is connected with the sewage treatment system and the electric loads of the solar heating system, and the solar heating system is respectively connected with the pretreatment end and the treatment end of the sewage treatment system through pipelines;
the solar heating system comprises a solar water tank (16), a vacuum tube type heat collector (15), a heat-preservation hot water tank (3), a PLC (programmable logic controller) controller (14) and a circulating water pump (17); one side of the solar water tank (16) is connected with the heat-preservation hot water tank (3) through a circulating water pump (17), and the other side of the solar water tank is connected with the heat-preservation hot water tank (3) through a pipeline; two ends of the solar water tank (16) are respectively connected with two ends of the PLC (14); the solar water tank (16) is connected with the vacuum tube type heat collector (15) in parallel;
the sewage treatment system comprises a grid well (1), a regulating tank (2), an anoxic tank (5), a pulse biological filter (7) and a composite artificial wetland (8) which are arranged in sequence; the device is characterized in that the grid well (1) is connected with the adjusting tank (2), the adjusting tank (2) is connected with the heat-preservation hot water tank (3), the heat-preservation hot water tank (3) is connected with the anoxic tank (5) through the water inlet pump (4), the anoxic tank (5) is connected with the pulse biofilter (7), and the pulse biofilter (7) is connected with the composite artificial wetland (8).
2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the solar water tank (16) and the vacuum tube collector (15) both comprise at least two groups in series with each other, the vacuum tube collector (15) being mounted under the solar water tank (16).
3. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the side of the insulated hot water tank (3) is equipped with a temperature and water level sensor (301) and the bottom is equipped with a set of electric heaters (302).
4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the grid well (1) comprises a sewage inlet pipe (101), grid bars (102) and a sewage outlet pipe (103), and domestic sewage to be treated enters the grid well (1) through the sewage inlet pipe (101); the grid bars (102) are galvanized grid plates.
5. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that a liquid level controller (201) is installed in the regulating reservoir (2), and when the liquid level controller (201) monitors that the water level in the regulating reservoir (2) is higher than a set value, the PLC controller (14) starts a circulating water pump (17) to replenish water for the solar heating system; when the liquid level controller (201) monitors that the water level in the regulating reservoir (2) is lower than a set value, the circulating water pump (17) is closed through the PLC (14).
6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the anoxic tank (5) is provided with a biofilm carrier filler (501), the bottom is provided with a submersible sewage pump (502), the upper part of the left side is provided with a water inlet (503), and the upper part of the left side and the upper part of the right side are provided with a water inlet end and a water outlet end respectively, and the water inlet end and the water outlet end are provided with a return port (504); the submersible sewage pump (502) is connected with the high-level pulse biological filter (7); the heat-preservation hot water tank (3) is connected with the water inlet (503) through a water inlet pump (4); the return ports (504) are connected with the water outlet of the pulse biological filter (7) through a first valve (61).
7. The device according to claim 6, wherein the pulse biofilter (7) comprises a pulse device, a spraying device, a ceramsite filter material (711), a bearing layer (712), a ventilation layer (713) and a steel concrete base (714) which are arranged from top to bottom in sequence; the pulse device comprises a high-level water tank (701), a bell jar (702), an emptying pipe (703), a bracket (704), a central siphon (705) and a water inlet pipe (710), wherein the high-level water tank (701) is arranged at the top of the pulse biological filter (7) and is supported by the bracket (704); the water inlet pipe (710) is arranged on the side wall of the high-level water tank (701), the bell jar (702) is positioned in the high-level water tank (701) and covers the upper part of the central siphon (705), and the emptying pipe (703) and the bracket (704) are respectively arranged below and under the side of the high-level water tank (701); the submersible sewage pump (502) is connected with a water inlet pipe (710) of the high-level water tank (701);
the spraying device comprises a water distribution tank (708), a piston valve (706), a spray head (707) and a spray pipe (709); the water distribution tank (708) is positioned right below the high-level water tank (701) and is communicated with the high-level water tank (701) through a central siphon (705); the spray pipes (709) are positioned in the pulse biological filter (7) and are communicated with the water distribution tank (708), the spray heads (707) are uniformly distributed on the spray pipes (709), and the piston valves (706) are arranged on two sides of the water distribution tank (708).
The ceramsite filter material comprises a biological ceramsite filter material and a building ceramsite filter material.
8. The apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that the complex artificial wetland (8) comprises a water distribution zone, a plant layer (805), a downflow reaction zone, an upflow reaction zone and a water collection zone (806);
the water distribution area comprises a water inlet and distribution pipe (807), the water inlet end of the water inlet and distribution pipe (807) is connected with the water outlet of the pulse biofilter (7) through a second valve (62), and the water outlet end is communicated with the plant layer (805); a downstream reaction area and an upstream reaction area are arranged below the plant layer (805), and the upstream reaction area is communicated with the water collecting area (806);
the plant layer (805) comprises rosemary, wormwood, perilla, vetiver and mint;
the downstream reaction zone and the upstream reaction zone are sequentially filled with a fine gravel layer (801), a volcanic rock layer (802) and aerated concrete (803) from top to bottom, and the bottommost bottom plates of the downstream reaction zone and the upstream reaction zone are steel concrete bottom plates (804).
9. The apparatus according to any of the claims 1 to 8, wherein the photovoltaic drive system comprises a photovoltaic module (9), a photovoltaic controller (10), a battery pack (11), an inverter (12) and a distribution box (13); the output end of the photovoltaic module (9) is connected with the input end of a photovoltaic controller (10); the output end of the photovoltaic controller (10) is connected with the input end of the storage battery (11); the output end of the storage battery (11) is connected with the input end of the inverter (12); the output end of the inverter (12) is connected with the input end of the distribution box (13); the output end of the distribution box (13) is respectively connected with the electric loads of the sewage treatment system and the solar heating system.
10. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that the photovoltaic modules (9) are at least one group, and the photovoltaic modules (9) are connected with a rotating shaft (18), and the rotating shaft (18) drives the photovoltaic modules (9) to rotate along with the rotation direction of the sun.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116693088A (en) * | 2023-05-25 | 2023-09-05 | 中国电力工程顾问集团中南电力设计院有限公司 | Solar self-control reflux heating precipitation filtration integrated tank in low-temperature environment and control method |
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