CN107214406B - Control the process of " white piece " tissue in bainite rail flash welding connector - Google Patents
Control the process of " white piece " tissue in bainite rail flash welding connector Download PDFInfo
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- CN107214406B CN107214406B CN201710629044.4A CN201710629044A CN107214406B CN 107214406 B CN107214406 B CN 107214406B CN 201710629044 A CN201710629044 A CN 201710629044A CN 107214406 B CN107214406 B CN 107214406B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
- B23K11/04—Flash butt welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
- B23K11/16—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating taking account of the properties of the material to be welded
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Butt Welding And Welding Of Specific Article (AREA)
- Machines For Laying And Maintaining Railways (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention belongs to rail welding technique fields, specifically disclose a kind of process for controlling " white piece " tissue in bainite rail flash welding connector, it is intended to which the quantity for solving the problems, such as that existing bainite rail welding technique welding is formed by the microstructure of flash welding connector " white piece " is more, larger-size.The process, in bainite rail welding process, is successively burnt stage, upset stage and packing stage and is controlled using rail flash butt welding equipment to sudden strain of a muscle flat stage, pulsation phase, acceleration.It is accordingly controlled in bainite rail welding process by using the process, the quantity of " white piece " tissue near weld seam can be preferably minimized, and reduce the size of " white piece " tissue, improve its pattern, to make welding quality stable, the mechanical property for guaranteeing welding point, to improve the military service performance of bainite rail welding point, it is ensured that the safety of railway operation.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to rail welding technique fields, and in particular to " white in a kind of control bainite rail flash welding connector
The process of block " tissue.
Background technique
Bainite rail is the research hotspot of recent decades countries in the world, because its toughness is high, wear-resisting undermines long service life
Etc. characteristics and be expected to replace traditional pearlite steel rail, be widely used in the sharp radius curve of railway switch component and heavy-haul line
Section.At this stage, rail seamless process has become inexorable trend.As one of important procedure in rail seamless process link, rail weldering
It connects quality and is directly related to rail track service life or even traffic safety.During rail is on active service, by welding quality and route
The influence of actual operation complicated condition, the fracture for welding long rail string mostly occur on welding point, thus welding point at
For the weak link of gapless track.
Bainite rail flash welding connector, microstructure is complicated, and weld seam nearby has white microcell and banded structure, white
Color microcell, that is, " white piece " tissue being commonly called as are half melting zone crystal boundary enrichment of element of welding as a result, it is member that it, which shows white bright reason,
Element enrichment and histological difference." white piece " is substantially the crystal boundary high alloy area of enrichment of element, in rail welding hot conditions
Lower high alloy area's Grain Boundary Melting Down or liquefaction, the martensitic structure generated under the conditions of welding air-cooled, because of the corruption of resistance to metallographic etching agent
It loses and white states is presented.Banded segregation will affect the impact flexibility of connector, and " white piece " mostly generates in banded structure.Flash of light
The main reason for plumb joint hurt is that micro-crack is easily generated on " white piece ", and crackle, to extension, is formed along the band-like organizer of connector
Rail head core wound, rail head core wound is the main reason for causing rail fracture.
By weight percentage, the chemical composition content of bainite rail is general are as follows: C 0.18-0.30%, Si 0.8-
1.8%, Mn 1.5-2.5%, Cr 0.50-1.60%, Mo 0.20-0.50%, surplus are Fe and impurity.Using heat treatment skill
Art, after being acted on based on the bainite rail that refined crystalline strengthening principle is manufactured by Thermal Cycle, the quench-hardened case of welded seam area disappears
A wider soft area is lost and occurred, causes the hardness of weld dimensions far below rail base material.And using existing
Bainite rail welding technique, welding be formed by the microstructure of flash welding connector " white piece " tissue quantity it is more, and
Size is larger, easily leads to welding point crack propagation, shortens the service life of rail.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of processes of " white piece " tissue in control bainite rail flash welding connector, it is intended to solve
Certainly the welding of existing bainite rail welding technique be formed by the microstructure of flash welding connector " white piece " quantity is more, ruler
Very little larger problem.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems is: " white in control bainite rail flash welding connector
The process of block " tissue, this method using rail flash butt welding equipment in bainite rail welding process, successively to sudden strain of a muscle
Flat stage, pulsation phase, acceleration are burnt stage, upset stage and packing stage and are carried out control as follows:
Control dodges the thermal weld stress amount in flat stage in 1.4~2.3MJ, and the duration is 19~23s；
The thermal weld stress amount of pulsation phase is controlled in 4.0~5.1MJ, rail consumption is 2.2~3.1mm, when continuing
Between be 52~62s；
Control accelerates to burn the thermal weld stress amount in stage in 0.7MJ hereinafter, rail consumption is 7.5~8.8mm, persistently
Time is 20~24.5s；
The thermal weld stress amount in upset stage is controlled in 0.1MJ hereinafter, upset amount is 14.0~15.5mm, when charging upset
Between be 0.3~0.5s, the duration be 7.4~8.1s；
The dwell pressure of packing stage is controlled in 26.0~28.0T, the duration is 10~14s；
Also, thermal weld stress total amount is controlled in 7.0~8.5MJ, welding total duration is 105~120s.
Further, the bainite rail is the rail of 60kg/m.
Further, the method for the welding point of welding bainite rail includes mobile Flash Butt Welding and/or fixation
Formula Flash Butt Welding.
Further, the rail flash butt welding equipment is mobile flash welder.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: through the process in bainite rail welding process, successively to the flat rank of sudden strain of a muscle
Section, pulsation phase, acceleration are burnt stage, upset stage and packing stage and are controlled, and to thermal weld stress total amount and weldering
Connecing total duration is controlled, and the number of neighbouring " white piece " tissue of bainite rail flash welding joint welding can be effectively controlled
Amount, and controlled in the control range of this process, the quantity of " white piece " tissue near weld seam can be preferably minimized, and
The size for reducing " white piece " tissue, improves its pattern, to make welding quality stable, guarantees the mechanical property of welding point, with
Improve the military service performance of bainite rail welding point, it is ensured that the safety of railway operation.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the metallurgical microscopic in the embodiment of the present invention 1 at bainite rail Flash Butt Welding head rail base angle；
Fig. 2 is the metallographic at the bainite rail welding point rail bottom angle under larger amplification factor, in the embodiment of the present invention 1
Micrograph；
Fig. 3 is the metallurgical microscopic in the embodiment of the present invention 2 at bainite rail Flash Butt Welding head rail base angle；
Fig. 4 is at the bainite rail welding point rail bottom angle under multiple identical as Fig. 2 amplification, in the embodiment of the present invention 2
Metallurgical microscopic；
Fig. 5 is the metallurgical microscopic in the embodiment of the present invention 3 at bainite rail Flash Butt Welding head rail base angle；
Fig. 6 is at the bainite rail welding point rail bottom angle under multiple identical as Fig. 2 amplification, in the embodiment of the present invention 3
Metallurgical microscopic；
Fig. 7 is the metallurgical microscopic in comparative example 1 at bainite rail welding point rail bottom angle；
Fig. 8 is that the metallographic under multiple identical as Fig. 2 amplification, in comparative example 1 at bainite rail welding point rail bottom angle is aobvious
Figure；
Fig. 9 is the metallurgical microscopic in comparative example 2 at bainite rail welding point rail bottom angle；
Figure 10 is that the metallographic under multiple identical as Fig. 2 amplification, in comparative example 2 at bainite rail welding point rail bottom angle is aobvious
Figure；
In the figure, it is marked as 1- weld seam, 2- " white piece " tissue.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings.
Generally there are multiple welding points, the method for welding the welding point of bainite rail includes moving on bainite rail
Dynamic formula Flash Butt Welding and/or fixed Flash Butt Welding, it can be that all welding points all use mobile Flash Butt Welding or solid
Fixed pattern Flash Butt Welding is also possible to a part of welding point using mobile Flash Butt Welding, and another part welding point is using solid
Fixed pattern Flash Butt Welding.In the present invention, " welding point " is existing comprising weld seam 1 and/or heat affected area of obtaining after weld formation
Interior length is the region of 80~120mm range, and the center in the region is steel rail welding line.
Before welding, it usually needs do following preparation:
1, polishing bainite rail web of the rail portion, the length at position of polishing are approximately equal to the length of holding electrode in welding equipment,
Generally no less than 400mm.
2, tunneling boring polishing is carried out to bainite rail welding point end face.
Inventor is the study found that " white piece " tissue is generated during rail welding, effectively in control welding process
Heat input total amount, be determine welding point microstructure in " white piece " quantity principal element, if do not can be effectively controlled welding
The quantity of " white piece " tissue, will affect Track regularity or even traffic safety in connector.
In order to make up the deficiency of existing bainite rail welding technique, the present invention provides a kind of sudden strains of a muscle of control bainite rail
The process of " white piece " tissue in flush weld connector, this method welded bainite rail using rail flash butt welding equipment
Cheng Zhong successively burns stage, upset stage and packing stage to sudden strain of a muscle flat stage, pulsation phase, acceleration and carries out control as follows:
Control dodges the thermal weld stress amount in flat stage in 1.4~2.3MJ, and the duration is 19~23s；
The thermal weld stress amount of pulsation phase is controlled in 4.0~5.1MJ, rail consumption is 2.2~3.1mm, when continuing
Between be 52~62s；
Control accelerates to burn the thermal weld stress amount in stage in 0.7MJ hereinafter, rail consumption is 7.5~8.8mm, persistently
Time is 20~24.5s；
The thermal weld stress amount in upset stage is controlled in 0.1MJ hereinafter, upset amount is 14.0~15.5mm, when charging upset
Between be 0.3~0.5s, the duration be 7.4~8.1s；
The dwell pressure of packing stage is controlled in 26.0~28.0T, the duration is 10~14s；
Also, thermal weld stress total amount is controlled in 7.0~8.5MJ, welding total duration is 105~120s.
Wherein, it carries out being typically chosen mobile flash welder as steel in welding process using mobile flash welding method
Rail flashing butt welding equipment.The method of the present invention is preferred in the flash welding connector to the bainite rail of 60kg/m " white piece " tissue
It is controlled.Used Flash Butt Welding equipment, the welding process of the equipment are always divided into 11 stages, wherein 1 stage was to dodge
Flat stage, 2,3,4 stages are pulsation phase, and 5,6,7,8,9 stages were to accelerate to burn the stage, and 10 stages were upset stage, 11 ranks
Section is packing stage.
Dodging the flat stage is the liquid lintel explosion function by flash of light, burns up foul and part injustice on rail-end,
The microcosmic degree being parallel to each other in two end faces to be welded is improved, can uniformly be created conditions for subsequent flash of light and heating.
Pulsation phase, i.e. flash welder carry out the stage of pulse flash welding, and the basic principle of pulse flash welding is to weld
A vibration is superimposed on the feeding stroke of motor-driven collet again, thus make in flash stage weldment end face contact with separate replace into
Row.Electrified regulation when contact separates end face when it is still broken in solid-state, then at a high speed in the contact point in both ends of the surface,
It carries out repeatedly, until flash of light terminates.
Acceleration burn the stage, speed is burnt in the flash of light in the stage not to be influenced by welding current, by blas progress by
Gradually accelerate.Rail constantly carries out accelerating to advance burning, and does not stop or retreats, form fierce flash of light between rail-end, generates
Good protective atmosphere can reduce the influence that rail-end is controlled oxygenerating, create favorable conditions for upset.
Upset stage, upset are after flash of light, and jaw clamps and drives rail close at the appropriate speed and close
Two high temperature end faces apply suitable upsetting force to rail joint, make liquid metal and issuable defect from rail-end
It is squeezed out in gap, guarantees that joint generates enough plastic deformations and forms common crystal grain, obtain firm banjo fixing butt jointing.
Packing stage, as pressure-maintaining tumor pushing stage are with cutter identical with rail cross-sectional profile profile along rail
Surface longitudinal promotes, the process means of excision welding bulge quantity.
" white piece " can effectively be reduced near bainite rail welding point by carrying out control using present invention process method
The quantity of " white piece " tissue 2 near weld seam 1 is preferably minimized, to avoid causing because of welding region defect by the quantity of tissue 2
Welding point crack propagation, extend rail service life, guarantee railway operation safety.
Embodiment 1
, in bainite rail welding process, successively sudden strain of a muscle is put down using rail flash butt welding equipment by the method for the invention
Stage, pulsation phase, acceleration are burnt stage, upset stage and packing stage and are carried out control as follows:
The thermal weld stress amount that the flat stage is dodged in control is 2.2MJ, duration 22s；
The thermal weld stress amount for controlling pulsation phase is 4.9MJ, and rail consumption is 2.5mm, duration 53.9s；
It is 0.6MJ that control, which accelerates the thermal weld stress amount for burning the stage, and rail consumption is 8.2mm, and the duration is
20.5s；
The thermal weld stress amount for controlling the upset stage is 0.1MJ, and upset amount is 14.1mm, and electrification upset time is 0.3s,
Duration is 8.1s；
The dwell pressure for controlling packing stage is 27.5T, duration 12.7s；
Control thermal weld stress total amount is 7.8MJ, welds total duration 108s.
Embodiment 2
, in bainite rail welding process, successively sudden strain of a muscle is put down using rail flash butt welding equipment by the method for the invention
Stage, pulsation phase, acceleration are burnt stage, upset stage and packing stage and are carried out control as follows:
The thermal weld stress amount that the flat stage is dodged in control is 2.3MJ, duration 23s；
The thermal weld stress amount for controlling pulsation phase is 5.1MJ, and rail consumption is 3.0mm, duration 57.9s；
It is 0.7MJ that control, which accelerates the thermal weld stress amount for burning the stage, and rail consumption is 8.5mm, and the duration is
20.5s；
The thermal weld stress amount for controlling the upset stage is 0.1MJ, and upset amount is 15.3mm, and electrification upset time is 0.5s,
Duration is 7.8s；
The dwell pressure for controlling packing stage is 26.7T, duration 11s；
Control thermal weld stress total amount is 8.2MJ, welds total duration 120s.
Embodiment 3
, in bainite rail welding process, successively sudden strain of a muscle is put down using rail flash butt welding equipment by the method for the invention
Stage, pulsation phase, acceleration are burnt stage, upset stage and packing stage and are carried out control as follows:
The thermal weld stress amount that the flat stage is dodged in control is 2.3MJ, duration 22.5s；
The thermal weld stress amount for controlling pulsation phase is 5.1MJ, and rail consumption is 2.8mm, duration 52s；
It is 0.5MJ that control, which accelerates the thermal weld stress amount for burning the stage, and rail consumption is 7.9mm, and the duration is
23.5s；
The thermal weld stress amount for controlling the upset stage is 0.1MJ, and upset amount is 14.9mm, and electrification upset time is 0.4s,
Duration is 8.1s；
The dwell pressure for controlling packing stage is 27.5T, duration 12.9s；
Control thermal weld stress total amount is 8.0MJ, welds total duration 119s.
2 quantity pole of " white piece " tissue as shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 3, Fig. 5, after being controlled using the method for the present invention, around weld seam 1
It is few, and area is small.Bainite rail flash welding connector metallograph is observed, weld seam 1 is the decarburized layer of Bai Liang, is organized as ferrite
And bainite structure.In nearly welded seam area, there are some white microcells that irregular distribution is presented, as " white piece " tissue 2.
As shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 4, Fig. 6, under larger amplification factor, the bainite rail in the embodiment of the present invention is connect
Metallurgical microscopic at head rail base angle shows that " white piece " tissue 2 is almost invisible in bainite rail flash welding connector, in bayesian
Among body tissue, have diameter only about 20 μm " white piece " tissue 2 occur.
Comparative example 1
Using rail flash butt welding equipment in bainite rail welding process, using with the present invention process method similarities and differences
Technological means successively to dodge flat stage, pulsation phase, acceleration are burnt stage, upset stage and packing stage and are controlled as follows
System:
The thermal weld stress amount that the flat stage is dodged in control is 2.1MJ, duration 21.9s；
The thermal weld stress amount for controlling pulsation phase is 6.6MJ, and rail consumption is 8.0mm, duration 72.3s；
Control accelerates to burn stage thermal weld stress amount to be 0.4MJ, and rail consumption is 10.9mm, and the duration is
20.5s；
The thermal weld stress amount for controlling the upset stage is 0.1MJ, and upset amount is 14.4mm, and electrification upset time is 0.2s,
Duration is 7.3s；
The dwell pressure for controlling packing stage is 27.0T, duration 12.8s；
Control thermal weld stress total amount is 9.2MJ, and welding total duration is 126s.
As shown in fig. 7, the figure is the metallographic photograph for welding the bainite rail flash welding connector that total heat input is 9.2MJ
Piece, equally, middle white bright band are weld seam 1, are organized as ferrite and bainite structure, heat affected zone organization is mostly bainite group
It knits.
As shown in figure 8, the metallographic at bainite rail welding point rail bottom angle under identical amplification factor in comparative example 1 is aobvious
Micro- figure shows, there are more " white piece " tissue 2 in bainite rail flash welding linker unit microcosmos area, and " white piece " tissue
2 size is larger, and pattern is irregular, and there are about 80 μm for maximum 2 length of " white piece " tissue.
Comparative example 2
Using rail flash butt welding equipment in bainite rail welding process, using with the present invention process method similarities and differences
Technological means successively to dodge flat stage, pulsation phase, acceleration are burnt stage, upset stage and packing stage and are controlled as follows
System:
The thermal weld stress amount that the flat stage is dodged in control is 2.2MJ, duration 21.8s；
The thermal weld stress amount for controlling pulsation phase is 3.3MJ, and rail consumption is 1.9mm, duration 35.0s；
Control accelerates to burn stage thermal weld stress amount to be 1.1MJ, and rail consumption is 11.2mm, and the duration is
29.5s；
The thermal weld stress amount for controlling the upset stage is 0.0MJ, and upset amount is 13.4mm, and electrification upset time is 0.2s,
Duration is 6.3s；
The dwell pressure for controlling packing stage is 29.0T, duration 12.9s；
Control thermal weld stress total amount is 6.6MJ, and welding total duration is 99s.
As shown in figure 9, being the bainite rail flash welding connector metallograph that thermal weld stress amount is 6.6MJ, it is seen then that should
Under the conditions of thermal weld stress amount, " white piece " tissue 2 is more, and size is larger；
As shown in Figure 10, the metallographic at the bainite rail welding point rail bottom angle under identical amplification factor in comparative example 2
Micrograph is shown, it is seen that " white piece " tissue 2 has apparent boundary with bainite structure, and more difficult is corroded.
Conclusion: by the metallograph comparative analysis to above each thermal weld stress it is found that using present invention design control
The bainite rail flash welding connector of the thermal weld stress range of system, the quantity of " white piece " tissue 2 significantly reduces in tissue, and
Size is smaller, and " white piece " is main welding defect in bainite rail welding point, reduces its quantity, to guarantee bainitic steel
The quality of rail flash welding welding point has vital effect.
Claims (4)
1. controlling the process of " white piece " tissue in bainite rail flash welding connector, " white piece " tissue is to weld in rail
High alloy area Grain Boundary Melting Down or liquefaction under hot conditions are connect, the martensitic structure generated under the conditions of welding air-cooled；Its feature exists
In: using rail flash butt welding equipment in bainite rail welding process, successively sudden strain of a muscle flat stage, pulsation phase, acceleration are burnt
Change stage, upset stage and packing stage carry out control as follows:
Control dodges the thermal weld stress amount in flat stage in 1.4~2.3MJ, and the duration is 19~23s；
The thermal weld stress amount of pulsation phase is controlled in 4.0~5.1MJ, rail consumption is 2.2~3.1mm, and the duration is
52~62s；
Control accelerates to burn the thermal weld stress amount in stage in 0.7MJ hereinafter, rail consumption is 7.5~8.8mm, duration
For 20~24.5s；
The thermal weld stress amount in upset stage is controlled in 0.1MJ hereinafter, upset amount is 14.0~15.5mm, electrification upset time is
0.3~0.5s, duration are 7.4~8.1s；
The dwell pressure of packing stage is controlled in 26.0~28.0T, the duration is 10~14s；
Also, thermal weld stress total amount is controlled in 7.0~8.5MJ, welding total duration is 105~120s.
2. controlling the process of " white piece " tissue in bainite rail flash welding connector, feature as described in claim 1
Be: the bainite rail is the rail of 60kg/m.
3. the process of " white piece " tissue in bainite rail flash welding connector is controlled as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is special
Sign is: the method for welding the welding point of bainite rail includes mobile Flash Butt Welding and/or fixed Flash Butt Welding.
4. controlling the process of " white piece " tissue in bainite rail flash welding connector, feature as described in claim 1
Be: the rail flash butt welding equipment is mobile flash welder.
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| CN201710629044.4A CN107214406B (en) | 2017-07-28 | 2017-07-28 | Control the process of " white piece " tissue in bainite rail flash welding connector |
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| CN115488482B (en) * | 2022-11-03 | 2023-12-22 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | Method for reducing width of heat affected zone of high-strength pearlitic steel rail flash welding head |
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