CN107214406A - Control the process of " white block " tissue in bainite rail flash welding joint - Google Patents
Control the process of " white block " tissue in bainite rail flash welding joint Download PDFInfo
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- CN107214406A CN107214406A CN201710629044.4A CN201710629044A CN107214406A CN 107214406 A CN107214406 A CN 107214406A CN 201710629044 A CN201710629044 A CN 201710629044A CN 107214406 A CN107214406 A CN 107214406A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
- B23K11/04—Flash butt welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
- B23K11/16—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating taking account of the properties of the material to be welded
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Butt Welding And Welding Of Specific Article (AREA)
- Machines For Laying And Maintaining Railways (AREA)
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to rail welding technique field, specifically disclose a kind of process of " white block " tissue in control bainite rail flash welding joint, it is intended to which the quantity that solves " white block " in the microstructure of the formed flash welding joint of existing bainite rail welding technique welding is more, larger-size problem.The process is using rail flash butt welding equipment in bainite rail welding process, sudden strain of a muscle flat stage, pulsation phase, acceleration being burnt stage, upset stage and packing stage and being controlled successively.Accordingly controlled in bainite rail welding process by using the process, the quantity of " white block " tissue near weld seam can be preferably minimized, and reduce the size of " white block " tissue, improve its pattern, so that welding quality stable, ensure the mechanical property of welding point, to improve the military service performance of bainite rail welding point, it is ensured that the security of railway operation.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to rail welding technique field, and in particular to " white in one kind control bainite rail flash welding joint
The process of block " tissue.
Background technology
Bainite rail is the study hotspot of recent decades countries in the world, because its toughness is high, wear-resisting to undermine service life long
It is expected to replace traditional pearlite steel rail etc. characteristic, is widely used in the sharp radius curve of railway switch part and heavy-haul line
Section.At this stage, rail seamless process turns into inexorable trend.It is used as one of important procedure in rail seamless process link, rail weldering
Connect quality and be directly connected to rail track service life, or even traffic safety.During rail is on active service, by welding quality and circuit
The influence of actual operation condition complexity, welding long rail string fracture mostly occur on welding point, thus welding point into
For the weak link of gapless track.
Bainite rail flash welding joint, its microstructure is complicated, there is white microcell and banded structure near weld seam, in vain
Color microcell, that is, " white block " tissue being commonly called as is the result for welding half melting zone crystal boundary enrichment of element, and the reason for it shows white bright is member
Element enrichment and histological difference." white block " is substantially the crystal boundary high alloy area of enrichment of element, and it is in rail welding hot conditions
Lower high alloy area Grain Boundary Melting Down or liquefaction, the martensitic structure produced under the conditions of welding air cooling, because of the corruption of resistance to metallographic etching agent
Lose and white states are presented.Banded segregation can influence the impact flexibility of joint, and " white block " is produced more in banded structure.Flash of light
The main cause of plumb joint hurt is that micro-crack is easily produced on " white block ", and crackle is formed along joint banding organizer to extension
Rail head core is hindered, and rail head core wound is the main cause for causing rail fracture.
By weight percentage, the chemical composition content of bainite rail is generally：C 0.18-0.30%, Si 0.8-
1.8%, Mn 1.5-2.5%, Cr 0.50-1.60%, Mo 0.20-0.50%, surplus are Fe and impurity.Using heat treatment skill
Art, after the bainite rail manufactured based on refined crystalline strengthening principle is acted on by Thermal Cycle, the quench-hardened case of welded seam area disappears
Lose and a wider soft area occur, cause the hardness of weld dimensions to be far below rail mother metal.And using existing
Bainite rail welding technique, the quantity for welding " white block " tissue in the microstructure of formed flash welding joint is more, and
Size is larger, is easily caused welding point Crack Extension, shortens the service life of rail.
The content of the invention
The invention provides a kind of process of " white block " tissue in control bainite rail flash welding joint, it is intended to solves
Certainly existing bainite rail welding technique weld " white block " in the microstructure of formed flash welding joint quantity is more, chi
Very little larger the problem of.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is：Control in bainite rail flash welding joint " white
The process of block " tissue, this method is using rail flash butt welding equipment in bainite rail welding process, successively to dodging
Flat stage, pulsation phase, acceleration are burnt stage, upset stage and packing stage and controlled as follows：
Control dodges the thermal weld stress amount in flat stage in 1.4~2.3MJ, and the duration is 19~23s；
Control the thermal weld stress amount of pulsation phase in 4.0~5.1MJ, rail consumption is 2.2~3.1mm, when continuing
Between be 52~62s；
Control accelerates to burn the thermal weld stress amount in stage in below 0.7MJ, and rail consumption is 7.5~8.8mm, is continued
Time is 20~24.5s；
Control the thermal weld stress amount in upset stage in below 0.1MJ, upset amount is 14.0~15.5mm, during powered upset
Between be 0.3~0.5s, the duration be 7.4~8.1s；
Control the dwell pressure of packing stage in 26.0~28.0t, the duration is 10~14s；
Also, control thermal weld stress total amount in 7.0~8.5MJ, it is 105~120s to weld total duration.
It is further that the bainite rail is 60kg/m rail.
Be further the welding point for welding the bainite rail method include portable Flash Butt Welding and/or
Fixed Flash Butt Welding.
It is further that the rail flash butt welding equipment is mobile flash welder.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：By the process in bainite rail welding process, successively to dodging flat rank
Section, pulsation phase, acceleration are burnt stage, upset stage and packing stage and are controlled, and to thermal weld stress total amount and weldering
Connecing total duration is controlled, and can effectively control the number of neighbouring " white block " tissue of bainite rail flash welding joint welding
Amount, and be controlled in the control range of this process, the quantity of " white block " tissue near weld seam can be preferably minimized, and
Reduce the size of " white block " tissue, improve its pattern, so that welding quality stable, it is ensured that the mechanical property of welding point, with
Improve the military service performance of bainite rail welding point, it is ensured that the security of railway operation.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the metallurgical microscopic at bainite rail Flash Butt Welding head rail base angle in the embodiment of the present invention 1；
Under Fig. 2 is larger multiplication factor, the metallographic at bainite rail welding point flange of rail angle in the embodiment of the present invention 1
Micrograph；
Fig. 3 is the metallurgical microscopic at bainite rail Flash Butt Welding head rail base angle in the embodiment of the present invention 2；
Under Fig. 4 is multiple identical with Fig. 2 amplifications, at the bainite rail welding point flange of rail angle in the embodiment of the present invention 2
Metallurgical microscopic；
Fig. 5 is the metallurgical microscopic at bainite rail Flash Butt Welding head rail base angle in the embodiment of the present invention 3；
Under Fig. 6 is multiple identical with Fig. 2 amplifications, at the bainite rail welding point flange of rail angle in the embodiment of the present invention 3
Metallurgical microscopic；
Fig. 7 is the metallurgical microscopic at bainite rail welding point flange of rail angle in comparative example 1；
Under Fig. 8 is multiple identical with Fig. 2 amplifications, the metallographic in comparative example 1 at bainite rail welding point flange of rail angle shows
Figure；
Fig. 9 is the metallurgical microscopic at bainite rail welding point flange of rail angle in comparative example 2；
Under Figure 10 is multiple identical with Fig. 2 amplifications, the metallographic in comparative example 2 at bainite rail welding point flange of rail angle shows
Figure；
Marked in figure：1- weld seams, 2- " white block " tissue.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Typically there are multiple welding points on bainite rail, the method bag of the welding point of the bainite rail is welded
Include portable Flash Butt Welding and/or fixed Flash Butt Welding, you can be all welding points all using portable Flash Butt Welding
Or fixed Flash Butt Welding or a part of welding point, using portable Flash Butt Welding, another part welding point is adopted
Use fixed Flash Butt Welding.In the present invention, " welding point " is to obtain after weld formation comprising weld seam 1 and/or heat affecting
Length including area is the region of 80~120mm scopes, and the center in the region is steel rail welding line.
Before welding, it usually needs do following preparation：
1st, polishing bainite rail web of the rail portion, the length at polishing position is approximately equal to the length of holding electrode in welding equipment,
Typically it is no less than 400mm.
2nd, tunneling boring polishing is carried out to bainite rail welding point end face.
Inventor's research finds that " white block " tissue is produced during rail welding, effectively in control welding process
Heat input total amount, be determine welding point microstructure in " white block " quantity principal element, such as can not effectively control welding
The quantity of " white block " tissue, can influence Track regularity, or even traffic safety in joint.
In order to make up the deficiency of existing bainite rail welding technique, dodged the invention provides one kind control bainite rail
The process of " white block " tissue in flush weld joint, this method was welded using rail flash butt welding equipment to bainite rail
Cheng Zhong, burns stage, upset stage and packing stage and is controlled as follows to sudden strain of a muscle flat stage, pulsation phase, acceleration successively：
Control dodges the thermal weld stress amount in flat stage in 1.4~2.3MJ, and the duration is 19~23s；
Control the thermal weld stress amount of pulsation phase in 4.0~5.1MJ, rail consumption is 2.2~3.1mm, when continuing
Between be 52~62s；
Control accelerates to burn the thermal weld stress amount in stage in below 0.7MJ, and rail consumption is 7.5~8.8mm, is continued
Time is 20~24.5s；
Control the thermal weld stress amount in upset stage in below 0.1MJ, upset amount is 14.0~15.5mm, during powered upset
Between be 0.3~0.5s, the duration be 7.4~8.1s；
Control the dwell pressure of packing stage in 26.0~28.0t, the duration is 10~14s；
Also, control thermal weld stress total amount in 7.0~8.5MJ, it is 105~120s to weld total duration.
Wherein, carried out using portable flash welding method in welding process, be typically chosen mobile flash welder as steel
Rail flashing butt welding equipment.The inventive method is preferred in the flash welding joint to 60kg/m bainite rail " white block " tissue
It is controlled.The Flash Butt Welding equipment used, the welding process of the equipment is always divided into 11 stages, wherein 1 stage was sudden strain of a muscle
Flat stage, 2,3,4 stages are pulsation phase, and 5,6,7,8,9 stages were that acceleration is burnt the stage, and 10 stages were upset stage, 11 ranks
Section is packing stage.
It is the liquid lintel explosion function by flash of light to dodge the flat stage, foul and local injustice on burn-up rail-end,
The microcosmic degree being parallel to each other of two end faces to be welded is improved, is that follow-up flash of light and heating can uniformly be created conditions.
Pulsation phase, i.e. flash welder are carried out the stage of pulse flash welding, and the general principle of pulse flash welding is in weldering
A vibration is superimposed on the feeding stroke of motor-driven chuck again, so that weldment end contact alternately enters with separating in flash stage
OK.Electrified regulation during contact, it is broken, separate end face when the contact point in both ends of the surface is still in solid-state, then at full speed,
So it is repeated, until flash of light terminates.
Acceleration burn the stage, speed is burnt in the flash of light in the stage not to be influenceed by welding current, by blas progress by
Gradually accelerate.Rail is constantly carried out accelerating advance to burn, and does not stop or retreats, and the flash of light of fierceness is formed between rail-end, is produced
Good protective atmosphere, can reduce the influence that rail-end is controlled oxygenerating, be that upset creates favorable conditions.
Upset stage, upset is that after flash of light terminates, jaw clamps and drives rail close at the appropriate speed and close
Two high temperature end faces, apply suitable upsetting force to rail joint, make liquid metal and issuable defect from rail-end
Extruded in gap, it is ensured that joint produces enough plastic deformations and forms common crystal grain, obtain firm banjo fixing butt jointing.
Packing stage, as pressure-maintaining tumor pushing stage, be with rail cross-sectional profile profile identical cutter along rail
Surface longitudinal is promoted, the process meanses of excision welding bulge quantity.
Being controlled using present invention process method can effectively be reduced near bainite rail welding point " white block "
The quantity of tissue 2, the quantity of " white block " tissue 2 near weld seam 1 is preferably minimized, so as to avoid causing because of welding region defect
Welding point Crack Extension, extend rail service life, it is ensured that railway operation safety.
Embodiment 1
Rail flash butt welding equipment is being used in bainite rail welding process by the inventive method, it is flat to dodging successively
Stage, pulsation phase, acceleration are burnt stage, upset stage and packing stage and controlled as follows：
The thermal weld stress amount for controlling to dodge the flat stage is 2.2MJ, and the duration is 22s；
The thermal weld stress amount for controlling pulsation phase is 4.9MJ, and rail consumption is 2.5mm, and the duration is 53.9s；
Control to accelerate the thermal weld stress amount for burning the stage to be 0.6MJ, rail consumption is 8.2mm, and the duration is
20.5s；
The thermal weld stress amount for controlling the upset stage is 0.1MJ, and upset amount is 14.1mm, and powered upset time is 0.3s,
Duration is 8.1s；
The dwell pressure for controlling packing stage is 27.5T, and the duration is 12.7s；
It is 7.8MJ to control thermal weld stress total amount, welds total duration 108s.
Embodiment 2
Rail flash butt welding equipment is being used in bainite rail welding process by the inventive method, it is flat to dodging successively
Stage, pulsation phase, acceleration are burnt stage, upset stage and packing stage and controlled as follows：
The thermal weld stress amount for controlling to dodge the flat stage is 2.3MJ, and the duration is 23s；
The thermal weld stress amount for controlling pulsation phase is 5.1MJ, and rail consumption is 3.0mm, and the duration is 57.9s；
Control to accelerate the thermal weld stress amount for burning the stage to be 0.7MJ, rail consumption is 8.5mm, and the duration is
20.5s；
The thermal weld stress amount for controlling the upset stage is 0.1MJ, and upset amount is 15.3mm, and powered upset time is 0.5s,
Duration is 7.8s；
The dwell pressure for controlling packing stage is 26.7T, and the duration is 11s；
It is 8.2MJ to control thermal weld stress total amount, welds total duration 120s.
Embodiment 3
Rail flash butt welding equipment is being used in bainite rail welding process by the inventive method, it is flat to dodging successively
Stage, pulsation phase, acceleration are burnt stage, upset stage and packing stage and controlled as follows：
The thermal weld stress amount for controlling to dodge the flat stage is 2.3MJ, and the duration is 22.5s；
The thermal weld stress amount for controlling pulsation phase is 5.1MJ, and rail consumption is 2.8mm, and the duration is 52s；
Control to accelerate the thermal weld stress amount for burning the stage to be 0.5MJ, rail consumption is 7.9mm, and the duration is
23.5s；
The thermal weld stress amount for controlling the upset stage is 0.1MJ, and upset amount is 14.9mm, and powered upset time is 0.4s,
Duration is 8.1s；
The dwell pressure for controlling packing stage is 27.5T, and the duration is 12.9s；
It is 8.0MJ to control thermal weld stress total amount, welds total duration 119s.
As shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 3, Fig. 5, after being controlled using the inventive method, the quantity pole of " white block " tissue 2 around weld seam 1
It is few, and area is small.Bainite rail flash welding joint metallograph is observed, weld seam 1 is Bai Liang decarburized layer, is organized as ferrite
And bainite structure.In nearly welded seam area, there is the white microcell that some presentations are randomly distributed, be " white block " tissue 2.
As shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 4, Fig. 6, under larger multiplication factor, the bainite rail in the embodiment of the present invention connects
Metallurgical microscopic at head rail base angle shows that " white block " tissue 2 is almost invisible in bainite rail flash welding joint, in bayesian
In the middle of body tissue, " white block " tissue 2 for having only about 20 μm of diameter occurs.
Comparative example 1
Using rail flash butt welding equipment in bainite rail welding process, using with the present invention process method similarities and differences
Technological means burn stage, upset stage and packing stage to dodging flat stage, pulsation phase, acceleration successively and controlled as follows
System：
The thermal weld stress amount for controlling to dodge the flat stage is 2.1MJ, and the duration is 21.9s；
The thermal weld stress amount for controlling pulsation phase is 6.6MJ, and rail consumption is 8.0mm, and the duration is 72.3s；
Acceleration is controlled to burn stage thermal weld stress amount for 0.4MJ, rail consumption is 10.9mm, the duration is
20.5s；
The thermal weld stress amount for controlling the upset stage is 0.1MJ, and upset amount is 14.4mm, and powered upset time is 0.2s,
Duration is 7.3s；
The dwell pressure for controlling packing stage is 27.0T, and the duration is 12.8s；
It is 9.2MJ to control thermal weld stress total amount, and welding total duration is 126s.
As shown in fig. 7, the metallographic that the figure is the bainite rail flash welding joint that the total heat input of welding is 9.2MJ shines
Piece, equally, middle white bright band are weld seam 1, are organized as ferrite and bainite structure, and heat affected area tissue is generally bainite group
Knit.
As shown in figure 8, the metallographic at bainite rail welding point flange of rail angle under identical multiplication factor in comparative example 1 shows
Micro- figure shows there is more " white block " tissue 2, and " white block " tissue in bainite rail flash welding linker unit microcosmos area
2 size is larger, and pattern is irregular, and its maximum length of " white block " tissue 2 there are about 80 μm.
Comparative example 2
Using rail flash butt welding equipment in bainite rail welding process, using with the present invention process method similarities and differences
Technological means burn stage, upset stage and packing stage to dodging flat stage, pulsation phase, acceleration successively and controlled as follows
System：
The thermal weld stress amount for controlling to dodge the flat stage is 2.2MJ, and the duration is 21.8s；
The thermal weld stress amount for controlling pulsation phase is 3.3MJ, and rail consumption is 1.9mm, and the duration is 35.0s；
Acceleration is controlled to burn stage thermal weld stress amount for 1.1MJ, rail consumption is 11.2mm, the duration is
29.5s；
The thermal weld stress amount for controlling the upset stage is 0.0MJ, and upset amount is 13.4mm, and powered upset time is 0.2s,
Duration is 6.3s；
The dwell pressure for controlling packing stage is 29.0T, and the duration is 12.9s；
It is 6.6MJ to control thermal weld stress total amount, and welding total duration is 99s.
As shown in figure 9, being the bainite rail flash welding joint metallograph that thermal weld stress amount is 6.6MJ, it is seen then that should
Under the conditions of thermal weld stress amount, " white block " tissue 2 is more, and size is larger；
As shown in Figure 10, the metallographic at the bainite rail welding point flange of rail angle under identical multiplication factor in comparative example 2
Micrograph is shown, it is seen that " white block " tissue 2 has obvious border with bainite structure, and more difficult is corroded.
Conclusion：By the metallograph comparative analysis of each thermal weld stress to more than, controlled using present invention design
The bainite rail flash welding joint of the thermal weld stress scope of system, the quantity of " white block " tissue 2 is significantly reduced during it is organized, and
Size is smaller, and " white block " is main weld defect in bainite rail welding point, reduces its quantity, to ensureing bainitic steel
The quality of rail flash welding welding point has vital effect.
Claims (4)
1. control the process of " white block " tissue in bainite rail flash welding joint, it is characterised in that：Using rail flash
Butt welding equipment to sudden strain of a muscle flat stage, pulsation phase, acceleration in bainite rail welding process, burning stage, upset stage successively
Controlled as follows with packing stage：
Control dodges the thermal weld stress amount in flat stage in 1.4~2.3MJ, and the duration is 19~23s；
Control the thermal weld stress amount of pulsation phase in 4.0~5.1MJ, rail consumption is 2.2~3.1mm, the duration is
52~62s；
Control accelerates to burn the thermal weld stress amount in stage in below 0.7MJ, and rail consumption is 7.5~8.8mm, duration
For 20~24.5s；
Control the thermal weld stress amount in upset stage in below 0.1MJ, upset amount is 14.0~15.5mm, and powered upset time is
0.3~0.5s, the duration is 7.4~8.1s；
Control the dwell pressure of packing stage in 26.0~28.0t, the duration is 10~14s；
Also, control thermal weld stress total amount in 7.0~8.5MJ, it is 105~120s to weld total duration.
2. the process of " white block " tissue in bainite rail flash welding joint, its feature are controlled as claimed in claim 1
It is：The bainite rail is 60kg/m rail.
3. controlling the process of " white block " tissue in bainite rail flash welding joint as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is special
Levy and be：Welding the method for the welding point of the bainite rail includes portable Flash Butt Welding and/or fixed flash welding
Connect.
4. the process of " white block " tissue in bainite rail flash welding joint, its feature are controlled as claimed in claim 1
It is：The rail flash butt welding equipment is mobile flash welder.
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| CN201710629044.4A CN107214406B (en) | 2017-07-28 | 2017-07-28 | Control the process of " white piece " tissue in bainite rail flash welding connector |
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| CN201710629044.4A CN107214406B (en) | 2017-07-28 | 2017-07-28 | Control the process of " white piece " tissue in bainite rail flash welding connector |
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