CN107207082A

CN107207082A - Adjustable sail and the ship for including this sail

Info

Publication number: CN107207082A
Application number: CN201580073271.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 韦蒙德·兰贝里
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2014-11-14
Filing date: 2015-11-16
Publication date: 2017-09-26
Also published as: WO2016076727A1; EP3218258A4; US20180297680A1; EP3218258A1

Abstract

Disclose a kind of sail for being used to produce thrust power or lift in a fluid, wherein, the sail includes first layer and the second layer, wherein, the first layer and the second layer are connected along at least one corresponding sidepiece, and the first layer and the second layer define the cross sectional shape of the longitudinal direction for being basically perpendicular to the sail of the sail.The shape of the first layer can be adjusted and/or the shape of the second layer can be adjusted, enable to adjust the cross sectional shape of the sail.Also disclose a kind of ship or sailing boat including this sail.

Description

Adjustable sail and the ship for including this sail

Technical field

It is used for the sail of generation thrust power aboard ship and the ship or sailing boat including this sail the present invention relates to a kind of.

Background technology

A kind of sail type generally used in high-performance contest and sail exploitation is wing sail.Nowadays the wing sail manufactured includes frame The surface of frame and covering framework, the framework causes sail is presented wing.The problems of existing wing sail is that sail is rigid structure Make, this lift for act on sail is adjusted to limited degree from being conditioned or being merely capable of.Generally, make now Aerofoil profile sail has the cross sectional shape of limited regulation sail after the sail construction including mast is on the deck of sailing boat Possibility.

Other more conventional and simpler sails with forniciform layer by constituting so that during navigating by water on sail Produce lift.The problems of these sails are, once after sail is equipped on sailing boat, then these sails have during navigating by water Very limited ability adjusts lift of the sail so as to adjustment effect on sail.

The content of the invention

It is therefore an object of the present invention to develop a kind of sail, the sail can be adjusted so that the lift acted on sail It can be conditioned during navigating by water.

It is another object of the present invention to develop a kind of sail, the sail can be continuously adjustable during navigating by water.

These purposes are realized using the sail such as limited in claim 1 and the sailing boat limited in claim 35. The other embodiments of sail and sailing boat are defined in the dependent claims.

Sail generally has a cross sectional shape of aerofoil profile, the wing cross sectional shape provide the lift that acts on sail or Propulsive force, but also there is such embodiment, the embodiment can be used together with only one layer.Sail is preferably wrapped Include：The layer (that is, so-called renforce) of two separation, the layer of described two separation forms substantially aerofoil profile when being subjected to wind load The sail of shape；Preferably cap unit, the cap unit covers the leading edge of the layer of described two separation.Sail can also be set Forming element is equipped with, any preset time that the forming element is used for during navigating by water helps to cause described two layers/or mast Cap unit is shaped so as to intended shape.Sail is also provided with one or more tension element, one or many Individual tension element is used for the shape for adjusting described two layers and cap unit, preferably by adjusting first layer and/or the second layer And/or the tension force in cap unit adjusts the shape of described two layers and cap unit.Tension element can be also used for for example The shape of forming element is adjusted by adjusting the tension force in forming element, to obtain the intended shape of forming element.Tensioning member Part can be rope, rope, wire, pump, motor or any other device, and any other device can provide two layers And/or the tension force in cap unit and/or forming element.Preferably, described two layers can be independently adjusted, and can be only The regulation of implementing described two layers is stood on to adjust cap unit.By this way, very flexible sail is obtained, for For the sail, any moment that can be during navigating by water adjusts the cross sectional shape of the sail easily (it generally has air foil shape) Save into intended shape.

There is provided a kind of sail for producing thrust power or lift in a fluid.The sail includes first layer and the second layer, its In, first layer and the second layer are connected along at least one corresponding sidepiece.First layer and the second layer define hanging down substantially for the sail The cross sectional shape of the straight longitudinal direction in the sail.The shape of first layer can be adjusted and/or the shape of the second layer can be adjusted, with Make it possible to adjust the cross sectional shape of sail.

First layer includes multiple sidepieces, and the sidepiece has marginal portion and the interior section defined by marginal portion, and And the second layer includes multiple sidepieces, the sidepiece has marginal portion and the interior section defined by marginal portion.First layer The interior section of interior section and the second layer is not connected to, and this allows to be independently adjusted first layer and the second layer.In first layer extremely Corresponding marginal portion in few a marginal portion and the second layer is connected to each other.First layer, the second layer and cap unit are excellent Selection of land is made up of such material, such as canvas material,Or the combination of any other suitable material or material, The material will allow the shape of first layer and/or the second layer and is conditioned so as to the cross sectional shape of sail.

Preferably, the shape of first layer and the shape of the second layer can be independently adjusted, i.e. can only adjust first layer Shape or can only adjust the shape of the second layer or the shape of both first layer and the second layer can be adjusted.Pass through Using first layer and the second layer that can be separately adjustable, the cross sectional shape of sail can be adjusted to substantially any intended shape, and Therefore during navigating by water any specific moment as requested or need to carry out lift of the adjustment effect on sail.

At least one marginal portion of first layer and the corresponding edge part of the second layer for example pass through bonding, suture or profit It is connected to each other with rope, and according to the purposes of sail, multiple or all respective sides of first layer and the second layer can connect It is connected to each other.If first layer and the second layer are connected along only one marginal portion, the back edge preferably along sail connects Connect.

In order to which two layers are imposed with regulation, sail preferably includes the first layer regulating element of the shape for adjusting first layer And/or for the second layer regulating element for the shape for adjusting the second layer.First layer regulating element is preferably adapted to adjust first layer In tension force, the shape thus, it is possible to adjust first layer.Similarly, second layer regulating element is preferably adapted in the regulation second layer Tension force, the shape thus, it is possible to adjust the second layer.First layer regulating element and second layer regulating element preferably can be grasped independently Make, enabling be independently adjusted the tension force in the tension force and the second layer in first layer, i.e. only can adjust in first layer Tension force or it can only adjust the tension force in the second layer or the tension force in both first layer and the second layer can be adjusted.

First layer regulating element and second layer regulating element can include various types of parts or device.First layer is adjusted Saving element can be for example including at least one first motor or at least one first pump, with order to adjust in first layer Power, and second layer regulating element can include at least one second motor or at least one second pump, with order to adjust the Tension force in two layers.Alternatively, first layer regulating element can include at least one first cord element, at least one first gold medal Belong to silk element or any similar appropriate element, with order to adjust the tension force in first layer, and second layer regulating element can be with Including at least one second cord element, at least one second wire elements or any similar appropriate element, with order to adjust Save the tension force in the second layer.At least one first cord element and at least one second cord element can pass through one Individual or multiple pulleys or other appropriate devices, to be suitable to regulation cord element to as needed be directed to cord element In tension force one or more winch or similar device or the following location that is directed on ship：At the position, Personnel can manually operate the first cord element and the second cord element, to adjust the tension force in first layer and/or the second layer.

First layer can also include at least one first layer forming element, with order to adjust the shape of first layer.It is described extremely A few first layer tension element is preferably made up of elastomeric material so that described in when proper its bears axial tensile force at least one First layer forming element is bend radially outward.First layer forming element preferably has elongated shape, i.e. it has bar or rod Or the like body shape.At least one described first layer forming element can be positioned in the pocket of first layer, wherein, Pocket adapts to the size of at least one first layer forming element, or at least one described first layer forming element can be with First layer is fastened to using belt or any other secure component.

Similarly, the second layer can also include at least one second layer forming element, and it is used for the shape for adjusting the second layer, Wherein, at least one described second layer forming element is preferably made up of elastomeric material, during so that proper its bearing axial tensile force, At least one described second layer forming element is bend radially outward.Second layer forming element preferably has elongated shape, i.e. its Shape with bar or rod or the like body.At least one described second layer forming element can be positioned in the second layer In pocket, wherein, pocket adapts to the size of at least one second layer forming element, or it is described at least one second Layer forming element can be fastened to the second layer using belt or any other appropriate secure component.

The axial tensile force at least one described first layer forming element can be adjusted, with cause it is described at least one first Layer forming element is bend radially outward, and therefore helps so that first layer is configured to intended shape.In order to axially be tensioned institute At least one first layer forming element is stated, sail can be provided with least one first layer forming element regulating element, for adjusting Axial tensile force at least one described first layer forming element of section.

At least one described first layer forming element is also designed to shape member perpendicular at least one described first layer The cross section of the longitudinal direction of part have change size and/or the cross section have change shape and/or for example, By at least one described first layer forming element of design, to cause it to include making with different elastic multiple different materials Obtaining longitudinal direction of at least one the described first layer forming element along at least one first layer forming element has change Elasticity.By this way, at least one described first layer forming element can be designed to when at least one described first layer into When shape element bears axial tensile force, along the required part of at least one first layer forming element than along described at least one The remainder of individual first layer forming element bends more.

The axial tensile force at least one described second layer forming element can also be adjusted, with cause it is described at least one the Two layers of forming element are bend radially outward, and therefore help so that the second layer is configured to intended shape.For axial tensioning At least one described second layer forming element, sail can be provided with least one second layer forming element regulating element, with order to Axial tensile force at least one described second layer forming element of regulation.

At least one described second layer forming element is also designed to shape member perpendicular at least one described second layer Size and/or the cross section of the cross section of the longitudinal direction of part with change are with the shape changed and/or for example By at least one described second layer forming element of design, to cause it to include making with different elastic a variety of different materials Obtaining longitudinal direction of the second layer forming element along at least one second layer forming element has the elasticity of change.With This mode, at least one described second layer forming element can be designed to when at least one described second layer forming element is born During axial tensile force, member is shaped along the expectation part ratio of at least one second layer forming element along at least one described second layer The remainder of part bends more.

At least one described first layer forming element preferably extends and from first layer leading edge from first layer leading edge Extend back, i.e. extend substantially along the flow direction of the air during navigating by water by sail.In the same manner, it is described at least One second layer forming element preferably extends from second layer leading edge and extended back from second layer leading edge, i.e. basic Flow direction along the air during navigation by sail extends.

Preferably, first layer along first layer leading edge at least a portion and the second layer along second layer leading edge At least a portion be rigid., can be by for first layer and second in addition to the intrinsic rigidity of first layer and the second layer The leading edge of layer provides reinforcing material (such as glass fibre, Kevlar or any other appropriate strengthening material) to obtain edge The rigidity of the increase of leading edge.

Sail preferably includes cap unit, and the cap unit at least covers first layer leading edge and second layer leading edge simultaneously And the gap between covering first layer leading edge and second layer leading edge.Cap unit is preferably provided with aerodynamic shape And preferably adjustably it is configured so that the back edge of cap unit respectively close to first layer and the second layer, and can adjusts Save the angle of attack.

With with first layer and second layer similar mode, cap unit can include at least one cap unit forming member Part, for adjusting the shape of cap unit.At least one described cap unit forming element is preferably made up of elastomeric material, So that at least one described cap unit forming element is bend radially outward when it bears axial tensile force.At least one described mast Cap unit forming element preferably has elongated shape, i.e. it has the shape of bar or rod or the like body.It is described at least One cap unit forming element can be positioned in the pocket of cap unit, wherein, pocket adapts at least one cap The size of unit forming element, or at least one described cap forming element can utilize belt or any other appropriate tight Gu part is fastened to cap unit.At least one described cap forming element can be attached to the connection member extended back from it Part.

The axial tensile force at least one described cap unit forming element can be adjusted, to cause at least one described mast Cap unit forming element is bend radially outward, therefore helps so that cap unit forming is intended shape.For axial tensioning At least one described cap unit forming element, sail is provided with least one cap unit regulating element, for adjust it is described to Axial tensile force in a few cap unit forming element.The adjustable shape of cap unit can for example be used to be installed in sail Change the angle of attack of sail while sail navigation thereon.

At least one described cap unit forming element is also designed to shape member perpendicular at least one described cap Size and/or the cross section of the cross section of the longitudinal direction of part with change are with the shape changed and/or for example By at least one described cap forming element of design, to cause it to include causing with different elastic a variety of different materials Longitudinal direction of at least one the described cap unit forming element along at least one cap forming element has change Elasticity.By this way, at least one described cap forming element can be designed to when at least one described cap forming element When bearing axial tensile force, along the required part of at least one cap forming element than along at least one described cap into The remainder of shape element bends more.This can be particularly useful, to obtain the desired angle of attack on sail during navigating by water.

Sail can also include at least one it is preferred that multiple connecting elements, the connecting element is suitable to sail being connected to On external member (such as, the corresponding connecting element on mast, sail thick stick, sail edge) or ship it is any other it is appropriate regularly Point or position.The inside or part that connecting element can be positioned at sail are extended in sail inside, wherein, adjusting tensioning member One or more in part (such as, each above-mentioned first layer, the second layer and cap unit adjusting tensioning element), preferably For example by the ring for rope or by pump, motor or times that can be used in adjusting the tension force in various tensioning regulating elements What its appropriate part is connected at least one described connecting element and/or through at least one described connecting element.If institute At least one connecting element is stated to be fully located in the inside of sail, then at least one described connecting element be connected thereto it is any External member will necessarily be in inside sail and will be connected at least using quick connection or any other appropriate connected mode One connecting element.

Sail preferably includes multiple adjusting tensioning parts, the tension force and/or each several part in each several part for adjusting sail Shape, such as, the tension force in the shape of tension force and/or first layer and the second layer in first layer and the second layer, cap unit And/or cap cell configuration and tension force possibly in the other parts of sail and/or the shape of other parts.

As described above, sail can include at least one first layer regulating element, wherein, at least one first layer regulation Element extends between first layer and at least one described connecting element, and wherein, at least one first layer regulation member Part is suitable to the tension force in regulation first layer.Tension force in increase first layer will cause first layer to straighten, and reduce in first layer Tension force will cause first layer to have the shape more bent.When increasing or reducing tension force, the change journey of the shape of first layer Degree will apparently depend on the wind load acted on sail.Therefore, by adjusting the tension force in first layer, the shape quilt of first layer Adjust and therefore the cross sectional shape of sail is conditioned.

Sail can also include at least one first regulating element, first regulating element first layer and cap unit it Between extend, wherein, at least one described first regulating element be suitable to regulation the distance between first layer and cap unit.Preferably It is that transitional region of the cap unit between first layer and cap unit and first layer is as smooth as possible, to avoid the formation of Turbulent flow and obtain smooth fluid (that is, the generally air) flowing in the transitional region between cap unit and first layer. At least one this first regulating element will make it possible to adjust the distance between first layer and cap unit as needed.It is described At least one first regulating element can also be configured so that tension force or institute at least one described first regulating element The shape of regulation first layer and/or cap unit when stating the length increase of at least one the first regulating element or reducing.

As described above, sail can also include at least one second layer regulating element, at least one second layer regulation member Part extends between the second layer and at least one described connecting element, and wherein, at least one described second layer regulating element Suitable for the tension force in the regulation second layer.Tension force in the increase second layer will cause the second layer to straighten, and reduce in the second layer Power will cause the second layer to have bigger curved shape.When increasing or reducing tension force, the intensity of variation of the shape of the second layer The wind load acted on sail will be apparently depended on.Therefore, by adjusting the tension force in the second layer, the shape of the second layer is adjusted Save and therefore the cross sectional shape of sail is conditioned.

Sail can also include at least one second regulating element, second regulating element the second layer and cap unit it Between extend, wherein, at least one described second regulating element be suitable to regulation the distance between the second layer and cap unit.As above institute State, it is preferred that transitional region of the cap unit between the second layer and cap unit and the second layer is as smooth as possible, with Avoid the formation of and smooth fluid (that is, generally sky is obtained in turbulent flow and transitional region between cap unit and the second layer Gas) flowing.At least one this second regulating element will make it possible to adjust between the second layer and cap unit as needed Distance.At least one described second regulating element can also be configured so that when increase or reduce it is described at least one second During the length of tension force or at least one second regulating element in regulating element, at least one described second layer and/or The shape of cap unit is conditioned.

In addition, cap unit can be attached to first layer and the second layer, in this case, it is preferable that after cap unit Boundary slip or by fastener (e.g., button or button), bonding, welding, suture or for cap unit is attached Any other proper method or Combination of Methods for being connected to first layer and the second layer are attached to first layer and the second layer.

At least one described first layer regulating element and/or at least one described second layer regulating element and/or it is described extremely A few first layer forming element regulating element and/or at least one described second layer shaping regulating element and/or it is described at least One cap unit regulating element and/or at least one described first regulating element and/or at least one described second regulation member Part is preferably included with least one in the component in the following group：Actuator, piston/cylinder body component, pump, motor, rope, metal Silk, chain, winch or any other actuator or device, it is above-mentioned that any other actuator or device will be suitable for regulation Corresponding tension regulating element (that is, at least one described first layer regulating element, at least one described second layer regulating element, At least one described first layer forming element regulating element, at least one described second layer forming element regulating element, it is described extremely A few cap unit forming element regulation element, at least one described first regulating element, at least one described second regulation Element) in tension force.

In addition, at least one first regulating element can be slidably attached to cap unit.In order to obtain this company of slip Connect, one end of at least one first regulating element can be attached to sliding part, and the sliding part is slidably attached to correspondence Induction element, the induction element is attached to cap unit.This will ensure that at least one described first regulating element is adjusted automatically Its link position for being connected to cap unit is saved, to cause the direction of the motive force on cap unit optimal, i.e. by cap list Member and the first layer power mutually desired that furthers are minimized.

Similarly, at least one second regulating element can be slidably connected in mode identical mode as explained above To cap unit.One end of at least one second regulating element can be attached to sliding part, and the sliding part slidably connects Corresponding induction element is connected to, the induction element is attached to cap unit.This will ensure that at least one described second regulation member Part automatically adjusts the link position that it is connected to cap unit, to cause the direction of the motive force on cap unit optimal, i.e. Cap unit and the second layer power mutually desired that furthers are minimized.

At least one described first layer regulating element and/or at least one described first layer forming element regulating element and/ Or at least one described second layer regulating element and/or at least one described second layer forming element regulating element and/or described At least one cap unit regulating element and/or at least one described first regulating element and/or at least one described second tune Section element is preferably located in the inside of sail.Therefore, generally be merely capable of seeing from outside must be tightened up or decontrol with order to Rope, wire of various tension elements inside regulation sail etc..If using pump or similar device, (it for example can be wireless Control), then all regulating members of sail can be arranged in the inside of sail.

At least one described first layer regulating element and/or at least one described first layer forming element regulating element and/ Or at least one described second layer regulating element and/or at least one described second layer forming element regulating element and/or described At least one cap unit regulating element may be coupled at least one described connecting element or suitable for used specific The similar component of regulating element, and it is preferably located in the inside of sail.

Sail is suitably connected at least one fixed position of sailing boat, for example, mast and/or sail thick stick and/or bowsprit and/ Or fore stay, wherein, connect without offer regulation by the fixed position for adjusting first layer, the second layer, cap list The part of the forming element of member or first layer, the second layer and/or cap unit.As described above, it is all be used for adjust sail this The regulating element (cross sectional shape of its determination sail) of a little parts is respectively positioned on the inside of sail.Be connected thereto one of sail on ship or The inherent characteristic or part of cross sectional shape of multiple fixed positions there is no need for adjusting sail.

Sail can also include at least one sail forming element, and the sail forming element preferably has elongated shape, i.e. sail Forming element has the shape of bar or rod or the like body and the basic back edge that sail is extended to from the leading edge of sail, That is, from close to the extension of the position of leading edge and back edge, because sail forming element is preferably located in the inside of sail, it is therefore necessary to manage Solve and be supported on the position close to leading edge and rear edge for sail forming element but leading edge need not be precisely located at after Edge.At least one described sail forming element can for example be attached to one of the close leading edge in connecting element and attached It is connected to the wire or similar object along the back edge traveling of sail.At least one described sail forming element can also be propped up It is described individually bag-shaped in the pocket of support on the first layer or in the pocket of the second layer or in single pocket Junction of the part between first layer and the second layer is attached to sail.At least one described sail forming element is preferably by elastomeric material It is made, the elastomeric material allows at least one sail forming element bend radially outward when it bears axial load.As above institute State, sail forming element is preferably arranged in the inside of sail and between the first layer and the second layer of sail.

Sail is also provided with least one sail forming element regulating element, for regulation at least one sail shaping Axial tensile force in element, and therefore adjust the bend radially outward degree of at least one sail forming element.

At least one described sail forming element regulating element is preferably arranged in the inside of sail, and can include：Rope； Rope；Or similar component, the similar component the rear end of sail be attached at least one described sail forming element but also Through connecting element or continue downwards arrive at ship itself before close to sail leading edge any other appropriate element, in institute State at ship position, rope by personnel's manually handle or can be attached to manually operated or motorization winch, the winch energy It is enough in the tension force in increase or reduction rope.When increased by tension rope rope in tension force when, at least one described sail into Shape element will be forced outwardly bending because of the axial tensile force increase at least one described sail forming element.Depending in validity period Between act on the wind load on sail, at least one described sail forming element can be bent to first layer or the second layer, and Help so that first layer or the second layer have desired curved shape during navigating by water.At least one described sail forming element The axial tensile force that will obviously depend at least one described sail forming element of amount of bow and at least one described sail of manufacture into The elasticity of the material of shape element.

At least one described sail forming element is also designed to perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of at least one sail forming element There is the cross section in direction the size and/or the cross section of change to have the shape of change and/or for example by design At least one sail forming element has different elastic multiple different materials and so that at least one described sail to cause it to include Longitudinal direction of the forming element along at least one sail forming element has the elasticity of change.By this way, it is described extremely A few sail forming element can be designed to when at least one described sail forming element bears axial tensile force, along it is described at least The required part of one sail forming element bends more than the remainder of at least one sail forming element.This can be special It is not helpful, so that the desired angle of attack is obtained on sail during navigating by water.

In the embodiment of the sail including at least one sail forming element, sail can only include single layer.It is described At least one sail forming element still extends between the position close to leading edge and the back edge of sail, in the close leading edge At position, at least one described sail forming element can be attached to connecting element, in the rear edge of the sail, and described at least one Individual sail forming element is attached to the single layer.At least one described sail forming element can be arranged in pocket, the bag Shape part is attached to the single layer of sail, or at least one described sail forming element can utilize belt or any other suitable When attachment component is attached to the single layer.In addition to only have a layer rather than two layers, the sail of the embodiment is set The remainder of meter is identical with the sail of above-described embodiment, and at least one sail forming element is extended to substantially from the leading edge of sail The back edge of sail, the sail of above-described embodiment includes two adjustable layers (that is, first layer and the second layer).

(that is, at least one described first layer regulating element and/or described it should be noted that above-mentioned all regulating elements At least one first layer forming element regulating element and/or at least one described second layer regulating element and/or described at least one Individual second layer forming element regulating element and/or at least one described cap unit regulating element and/or it is described at least one One regulating element and/or at least one described second regulating element) inside of sail is preferably located in, and be preferably configured to Allow them to be operated from ship by operator, whether through use radio control elements (such as bluetooth^TMOr appoint What its appropriate wireless technology) to operate tension part, still by using such as rope, rope or similarly element is manually Operation cable performs aforesaid operations, when equipping sail to ship, and the rope, rope or similar component are from corresponding tension element Deck is extended downwardly into, to cause one or more operator to be tensed as needed during the cross sectional shape of regulation sail Rope decontrols rope.

It should be evident that sail is especially suited for application on sailing boat, it is also possible to be suitable for application in any other type On pontoon.For example, when with common marine engine combination application on large-scale ocean-going vessel, disappearing for fuel can be substantially reduced Consumption.

A kind of ship is additionally provided, the ship is provided with sail as described above, wherein, sail is attached to the sailage of ship.Also provide A kind of sailing boat, the sailing boat is provided with sail as described above, wherein, sail is attached to the sailage of sailing boat.

Preferably, first layer and the second layer have at least three shared attachment positions for being attached to sailage.

Sailage preferably includes element on the ship that at least one mast or sail are attached to, wherein, sail it is described At least one connecting element is connected to the corresponding connecting element on mast.Preferably, sail is provided with multiple connecting elements, described many Element on the ship that the corresponding connecting element or sail that individual connecting element is connected on mast are attached to.

Brief description of the drawings

Referring to the drawings, the sail according to the present invention with multiple non-restrictive examples is will be explained in detail now.

Fig. 1 schematically shows the embodiment of sail, wherein, sail includes being in one or more ropes or line form Regulating element, to change first layer and/or the second layer and/or first layer forming element and/or second layer forming element and/or mast Tension force in cap unit forming element；

Fig. 2 schematically shows the embodiment of sail, wherein, sail includes regulating element, and the regulating element includes one Or multiple pumps, motor, winch or similar regulating element, shaped with changing first layer and/or the second layer and/or first layer Tension force in element and/or second layer forming element and/or cap unit forming element；

Fig. 3 schematically shows the embodiment of sail, wherein, sail includes being in one or more ropes or line form Regulating element, to change first layer and/or the second layer and/or first layer forming element and/or second layer forming element and/or mast Tension force in cap unit forming element, wherein, the rope is advanced in a zigzag manner；

Fig. 4 schematically shows sail, wherein, it is indicated that some possible of first layer, the second layer and cap unit Tight possibility；

Fig. 5 schematically shows first layer, the second layer, cap unit and the connecting element of sail；

Fig. 6 schematically shows of the sail when not applying tension to each layer and fluid is flowed around sail One layer and the second layer；

Fig. 7 schematically shows when applying tension to a layer that the layer is straightened and fluid flows around sail to make The first layer and the second layer of sail when dynamic；

Fig. 8 shows when the tension regulating element manipulation sail using selection to form the wing or aerofoil profile with cross-sectional schematic Shape when sail；

Fig. 9 schematically shows the embodiment of sail, wherein, tension element is slidably attached to cap unit；

Figure 10 schematically shows the embodiment of sail, wherein, an end of tension element be attached to cap unit and Another end is attached to another tension element；

Figure 11 schematically shows the embodiment of sail, wherein, sail is provided with free sail shaping member in the inside of sail Part, wherein, sail forming element extend between the leading edge and back edge of sail and only its close to sail leading edge and after The end at edge is secured to sail.

It should be noted that the accompanying drawing of each embodiment of sail has been depicted, to show the importance of sail.Therefore, View has not necessarily been drawn to scale and is exaggerated some features and/or the part of sail, to make the technology in this area Personnel are easy to catch the inventive features of sail.In addition, accompanying drawing is the view schematically drawn, the accompanying drawing shows the weight of the present invention Will part without show sail those for understand the present invention how to work for unessential feature.

Embodiment

Fig. 1 to Fig. 3 shows three slightly different deformation programs of the sail 10 according to the present invention, wherein, it can only see The marginal portion of transparent cap unit is seen, with order to show the inside of sail.Sail generally includes two layers, first layer 12 and the second layer 21 (see Fig. 4 to 11), but because sail is the side view of sail, first layer is illustrate only in the accompanying drawings.However, first layer Generally it is of similar shape with the second layer, therefore the side view including the second layer 21 rather than first layer seems basic phase Together.

First layer 12 is provided with first layer leading edge 13, first layer back edge 14 and first layer lower edge 15, such as Fig. 1 institutes Show.First layer 12 also includes first layer marginal portion 17, as shown in dotted line L.First layer marginal portion 17 is defined in first layer Portion part 18, the first layer interior section 18 is defined by first layer marginal portion 17.

The second layer 21 be provided with corresponding second layer leading edge 22, second layer back edge 23 and second layer lower edge 24 ( Fig. 1 is to not shown in Fig. 3).Identical with first layer, the second layer 12 also includes second layer marginal portion.Second layer marginal portion is limited Determined second layer interior section, the second layer interior section also with the identical mode of first layer 12 by second layer marginal portion Define.

First layer marginal portion and correspondence second layer marginal portion are generally can connecting for first layer and the second layer respectively To mutual part.Generally, first layer 12 and the second layer 21 are attached to each other preferably along at least one edge, for example, edge The back edge for first layer and the second layer is attached to each other.Therefore, the marginal portion of first layer and the second layer is first layer and Two layers are connected to mutual part.Can by using line, rope or the like body by by first layer and the second layer bonding or Person welds together or by for connecting first layer and the second layer along a corresponding edge or a plurality of corresponding edge First layer 12 and the second layer 21 are attached to each other by any other proper method.

However, first layer interior section 18 and corresponding second layer interior section are not attached to each other, i.e. in first layer Portion part 18 and second layer interior section are not connected.This allows the tension force being independently adjusted in first layer 12 and the second layer 21.

Sail 10 also includes cap unit 30, and the cap unit 30 is designed to covering first layer leading edge 13 and corresponding the Gap between two layers of leading edge 22, i.e. cap unit 30 from the leading edge 22 of the leading edge 13 of first layer and the second layer backward Extend certain distance.Cap unit includes two back edges 32, and a back edge 32 is positioned to adjoin first layer 12, a back Edge 32 is positioned to adjoin the second layer 21.Cap unit 30 also includes leading edge 31, when sail turns into a part for the sailage of sailing boat, The leading edge 31 will also turn into the leading edge of sail 10 on the whole.

Sail 10 is additionally provided with least one it is preferred that multiple connecting elements 55, the connecting element 55 has first end Portion 56 and the second end 57.The second end 57 of connecting element 55 extends through cap unit 30 and enters the interior of sail 10 Portion, and the first end 56 of connecting element 55 is positioned at the inside of cap unit 30.Connecting element 55 is preferably by appropriate Fixed component is fixed to cap unit 30, such as, flat inside sail it is also possible to other appropriate parts fixed to sail 10 Wire rod or similar component that row is advanced in the leading edge 31 of cap unit 30.

As shown in drawings, connecting element 55 may be positioned such that the first end 56 of connecting element 55 is located at the interior of sail 10 The second end 57 of portion and connecting element 55 is located at the outside of sail 10.Alternatively, connecting element 55 can be integrally located at sail 10 It is internal.If sail 10 is attached to the sailage of sailing boat in three or more corner portions of sail 10, this can be applicable.

The first end 56 of connecting element 55 can be provided with outer connecting element 59.Outer connecting element 59 is preferably fitted In the corresponding connection parts part for being connected on the sailage of sailing boat (for example, on sail ship mast).This connection member is on sailing boat Standard component and it will not be described in great detail herein.

The second end 57 of connecting element 55 is preferably provided with internal connecting element 58, and the internal connecting element 58 can To be various types of connection members, as further explained below.Internal connecting element 58 is adapted to various tensionings Part, the tension part is used to being independently adjusted tension force in the different piece of sail 10, such as first layer 12, the second layer 21, Tension force part in the other parts of cap unit 30 and sail 10, as will be explained in greater detail below.Independently Adjusting the tension force in the different piece of sail 10 means that cross sectional shape (when sail is in generally vertical position, is passing through sail Observed in 10 horizontal cross-section) it can be changed, to adapt to the navigation condition of change, and with known sail on the contrary, adjusting The various pieces of section sail 10 can continuously carry out part during navigating by water, to ensure that sail 10 has optimal section shape always Shape.

In Fig. 1, internal connecting element 58 is one or more ring-type element 63 or similar element, line, rope, rope Rope or similar component can pass through one or more of ring-type elements 63 or similar element.Also illustrate in Fig. 1 Main rope 61, the main rope 61 is divided into multiple connection ropes 62, has a connecting rope at each connecting element 55 Rope 62, the connecting element 55 extends through ring-type element 63 and is attached to corresponding first layer connecting element 19.When for example When pulling main rope in the bottom of sail 10 by manual or motorization winch or by personnel, main rope 61 and connection rope Tension force increase in 62.As a result the tension force in first layer 12 also increases, and first layer shape be adjusted to have it is more flat Shape.When the shape of first layer 12 is conditioned, the cross sectional shape of sail 10 will also change and result is acted on caused by wind Propulsive force on sail 10 and sailing boat also changes.When the various pieces that single cord element 61,62 is provided for sail 10 are (all Such as first layer 2, the second layer 21, cap unit 30 and the other parts that such as will be explained below) when, can be independent during navigating by water Ground adjusts all various pieces of sail 10.It should also be noted that all regulating elements are respectively positioned on the inside of sail 10.

In fig. 2 it is shown that the deformation program of the sail in Fig. 1, wherein, main rope 61 and connection rope 62 are via actuating Device part 64 is substituted.Actuator component 64 is fixed to the corresponding first end 56 of connecting element 55.Connecting elements 65 is (for example, rope Rope, rope or similar appropriate element) it is attached to corresponding first layer connecting element 19 and actuator component 64 on first layer 12 In one on, each in actuator component 64 is adapted to tense connecting elements 65 or decontrols connecting elements 65, so as to Tension force in increase or reduction first layer 12.Actuator component can include pump, winch, piston/cylinder body component or can Tense or decontrol any other appropriate mechanical part of connecting elements 65.Multiple actuator components 64 can be fixed to each Connecting element 55, enables to be independently adjusted in the other parts of first layer 12, the second layer 21, cap unit 30 and sail 10 Tension force.

In fig. 3 it is shown that the slightly different deformation program of sail 10, wherein, main rope 61 in the way of zigzag from The connecting element 55 of the top of sail to the lower edge of sail is arranged between connecting element 55 and first layer connecting element 19, in institute Lower edge is stated, main rope 61 can be attached to manual or motorization winch, and the winch can tense and decontrol main rope Tension force in rope 61 and therefore regulation first layer 12.If feasible, then main rope 61 can also be pulled by personnel, example Such as, in the case of using many main ropes 61, wherein, every main rope 61 only along sail a part with as shown in the figure Zigzag mode be connected to connecting element 55 and first layer connecting element 19.Together, many main ropes 61 being capable of edge The whole vertical height regulation first layer 12 of sail 10 and can be manipulated by personnel or machinery or motorization winch to adjust Tension force in first layer 12.All variable partitions (such as, first layer 12, the second layer 21, the cap unit 30 of sail can be directed to The other parts that such as will be explained below) using the identical systems of main rope 61, every main rope 61 adjusts the vertical of sail 10 A part for height.

It is other adjustable except regulation first layer 12, the second layer 21, cap unit 30 and the sail that such as will be explained below Outside partial method and part, shown in Fig. 1 into Fig. 3 and with reference to the further feature all same of Fig. 1 sails 10 described, and And will not be repeated again herein Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 are described.

Fig. 4 schematically shows the typical horizontal cross section of the sail 10 by being arranged in substantially vertical position, the water In plane section can be included in sail 10 enable to regulation first layer 12, the second layer 21, cap unit 30 and now By the tension force of other elements of explanation and any tension part of shape.

The first layer marginal portion 17 (see Fig. 1) and the second layer of first layer 21 and the second layer 21 along first layer back edge 14 The second layer marginal portion 26 (see Fig. 1) of back edge 23 for example passes through bonding, welding, suture or any appropriate fastening method It is attached to each other.At least one is disposed with it is preferred that multiple first layer connecting elements 19 along first layer leading edge 13, and At least one is disposed with it is preferred that multiple second layer connecting elements 28 along second layer leading edge 22.

Alternatively, first layer 12 and the second layer 21 can be provided with least one it is preferred that multiple first layers shaping member Part 37 and second layer forming element 43, the first layer forming element 37 and the second layer forming element 43 can be respectively arranged In first layer pocket 40 and second layer pocket 46.The forming element 43 of first layer forming element 37 and second can also pass through One or more belts, the combination of one or more pocket and belt or any other appropriate secure component point First layer 12 and the second layer 21 are not fastened to.First layer forming element 37 and second layer forming element 43 by elastomeric material suitably It is made, this allows first layer forming element 37 and second layer forming element 43 to be bent outwardly when they bear axial tensile force.For First layer forming element 37 and the are obtained when first layer forming element 37 and second layer forming element 43 bear axial load The ideal form of two layers of forming element 43, first and second layers of forming element 37,43 can be designed to long along their axial direction Degree is with variable diameter and/or with variable cross sectional shape (that is, the section of part circular and part-elliptical) so that When they bear axial load, a part for first and second layers of forming element 37,43 and first and second layers of forming element 37, 43 remainder, which is compared, to be bent outwardly more.

Each first layer forming element 37 and second layer forming element 43 are respectively from first layer leading edge 13 or first layer Leading edge 13 nearby and near second layer leading edge 22 or second layer leading edge 22 extends back along generally horizontal direction. First layer forming element 37 and second layer forming element 43 as requested need to determine first layer with great crystallized ability The length of forming element 37 and second layer forming element 43.Generally, first layer forming element 37 and second layer forming element 43 are wrapped Include in sail 10, enable to the possibility of the angle of attack of increase regulation sail, therefore, first and second layers of shaping member should be selected The length of part, enables to realize the regulation.First layer forming element 37 and the acceptable basis of second layer forming element 43 exist Vertical position in sail 10 and with different length.Have in rigging in those triangular shaped situations, for example, first layer into Shape element 37 and second layer forming element 43 can have the length for being partially toward and being gradually reduced at the top of sail under sail 10.

Opening between the covering first layer of cap unit 30 leading edge 13 and second layer leading edge 22, as explained above with Fig. 1 As being explained to Fig. 3.Connecting element 55 is through cap unit leading edge 31 and is attached to cap unit leading edge 31.Even Connecing element 55 includes the internal connecting element 58 for various tension elements, and the tension element is used for each portion for adjusting sail 10 The tension force and shape divided.Connecting element 55 also includes outer connecting element 59, for the standard connection being connected to sail on sailing boat Part.For some sails 10, whole connecting element can be fully located at the inside of sail 10, i.e. positioned at by sail In the space that 10 first layer 12, the second layer 21 and cap unit 30 is defined.

Alternatively, cap unit 30 can be provided with least one it is preferred that multiple cap unit forming elements 49, The cap unit forming element 49 has first end 50 and the second end 51, first end 50 and the second end 51 energy Enough it is arranged in cap unit pocket 52.The first end 50 of cap unit forming element is preferably attached to the energy in sail 10 Enough bear to be applied to the connecting element 55 or similar component of the axial tensile force of cap unit forming element 49.Cap unit forming Element 49 can also pass through one or more of belts, the combination of one or more pocket and belt or any other Appropriate secure component is fastened to cap unit 30.Generally, a reason of cap forming element 49 is included in cap unit 30 It is to enable to adjust the horizontal cross sectional geometry of cap unit 30 and therefore increases the possibility of the angle of attack of regulation sail 10.Mast Cap unit forming element 49 is suitably produced by elastomeric material, and this allows cap unit forming element in cap unit forming element 49 bear to be bent outwardly during axial tensile force.In order to when cap unit forming element 49 bears axial load obtain cap unit into The ideal form of shape element 49, cap unit forming element 49 can be designed to variable cross sectional shape (that is, part circular With the section of part elliptical) and/or there is along their axial length variable diameter, to bear axially negative at them During lotus, a part for cap unit forming element 49 is bent outwardly more compared with the remainder of cap unit forming element 49 It is many.

Each cap unit forming element 49 is arranged in horizontal level and from cap unit leading edge 31 or mast Cap unit leading edge 31 nearby extends towards the back edge 32 of cap unit, and the back edge 32 of the cap unit is located at the respectively Near one layer 12 and the second layer 21.Cap unit forming element 49 extends preferably to back edge 32 or at least adjacent to cap list Member 30 back edge 32, with order to avoid the discrete material of the end of cap unit 30 during navigating by water in cap unit 30 Undesirable turbulent flow is produced in transitional region between first layer 12 and the second layer 21.Alternatively, the back edge of cap unit 32 can be provided with rigid material, and the rigid material can prevent the back edge 32 of cap unit 30, and flutter is simultaneously during navigating by water And cause turbulization.

In fig. 5 it is shown that (it includes being included in respectively for regulation first layer 12, the second layer 21 and cap unit 30 First layer forming element 37, second layer forming element 43 and cap unit forming element 49 in sail) shape and/or tension force A variety of feasible patterns, with the controllability for the horizontal cross sectional geometry for increasing sail 10 so that can continuously be adjusted during navigating by water By the wind-induced lift (that is, propulsive force) acted on sail.

Sail 10 can be provided with one or more tension element 67, and one or more of tension elements 67 are connected to Corresponding first layer connecting element 19 and connecting element 55, tension force and shape for adjusting first layer 12.During navigating by water, make It will cause first layer that there is the shape bent with the blast on first layer 12.When the tension force increase in tension element 67, the Tension force in one layer also increases, and first layer 12 will obtain the shape with smaller curvature.Apply enough in tension element 67 Tension force will cause first layer 12 to become flat or close to flat.Therefore, can be by sail by adjusting the tension force in tension element 67 The 10 horizontal cross sectional geometry and lift acted on sail 10 therefore produced by wind is adjusted to aspiration level.

Sail 10 is also provided with one or more tension element 68, and one or more of tension elements 68 are connected To corresponding second layer connecting element 28 and connecting element 55, with to enable adjusting the tension force and shape in the second layer 21 Shape.Identical with first layer 12, the blast acted on during navigating by water on the second layer 12 will cause the second layer to have the shape bent. When the tension force increase in tension element 68, the tension force increase in the second layer 21, the second layer 21 will be obtained with smaller curvature Shape.Applying enough tension force in tension element 68 will cause first layer 12 to become flat or close to flat.Therefore, by adjusting Save the tension force in tension element 68, the effect that can be produced by the horizontal cross sectional geometry of sail 10 and therefore during navigating by water by wind Lift on sail 10 is adjusted to aspiration level.

It is apparent that sail 10 will be usually provided with both tension elements 67 and 68, the first layer 12 for being independently adjusted sail With the second layer 21, with order to during navigating by water any given time obtain sail optimal air foil shape.Therefore, two tensioning members The lift that part 67 and 68 is the horizontal cross sectional geometry for adjusting sail 10 and therefore regulation is acted on sail during navigating by water is most They are described further by basic tension element below in conjunction with Fig. 6 and Fig. 7.

Cap unit 30 is usually provided with multiple cap unit forming elements 49, as shown in also in Figure 5.In order to The axial tensile force in cap unit forming element 49 is adjusted, sail is additionally provided with tension element 73, and the tension element 73 exists respectively The side (in the side, tension element 73 can be attached to cap unit 30) of first layer 12 and the side of the second layer 21 (in the side, Tension element 73 can be attached to cap unit 30) extend between connecting element 55 and cap unit 30.Tension element 73 is excellent Selection of land is attached to cap unit pocket 52 or is directly attached to cap unit forming element 49.As in tension element 73 When power increases, axial load or tension force in cap unit forming element 49 also increase, and cap unit forming element 49 is outside Bend and provide adjustable shape to cap unit 30.Therefore, the tension force in regulation tension element 73 will be adjusted on sail 10 The angle of attack.It should be noted that in Figure 5, the tension force in tension element 73 on the both sides of cap unit 30 has increased to Such degree, under the degree, cap unit 30 has either large or small drop shape.For navigation, this is usual It is not that tension force in the preferable shape of cap unit 30, tension element 73 is preferably regulated so that cap unit 30 and sail 10 are obtained Obtain the shape more like aerofoil profile shape, i.e. the tension force in tension element 73 on the side of sail is more than on the opposite side of sail Tension force in tight element 73.

The first layer 12 of sail 10 can be provided with least one it is preferred that multiple first layer forming elements 37.In order to adjust The tension force in first layer forming element 37 is saved, sail can also be provided with tension element 69, and the tension element 69 connects accordingly Connect and extend between element 55 and first layer 12, at the first layer 12, it is bag-shaped that tension element 69 would be preferably attached to first layer Part 40 is directly attached to first layer forming element 37.When the tension force increase in tension element 69, first layer forming element Axial load or tension force in 37 also increase, so as to cause first layer forming element 37 to be bent outwardly and cause first layer 12 There is the shape of bending in the part covered by first layer forming element 37 of sail.The tension force adjusted in tension element 69 is special Contribute to the angle of attack of regulation sail 10.

The second layer 21 of sail 10 can also be provided with least one it is preferred that multiple second layer forming elements 43.In order to The tension force in second layer forming element 43 is adjusted, sail can also be provided with tension element 70, and the tension element 70 is corresponding Extend between connecting element 55 and the second layer 21, at the second layer 21, tension element 70 would be preferably attached to second layer bag Shape part 46 is directly attached to second layer forming element 43.When the tension force increase in tension element 70, second layer shaping member Axial load or tension force in part 43 also increase, so as to cause second layer forming element 43 to be bent outwardly and cause the second layer 21 have the shape of bending in the part covered by second layer forming element 43 of sail.The tension force adjusted in tension element 70 is special Do not contribute to the angle of attack of regulation sail 10.

Sail 10 is also provided with one or more tension element 71, and one or more of tension elements 71 are in phase Extend between cap unit connecting element 35 in the first layer connecting element 19 and cap unit 30 answered.When increase tension element During tension force in 71, its result can be that cap unit 30 is pulled and closer to first layer 12 and/or cap unit 30 Shape is conditioned according to the position that cap unit connecting element 35 is fastened on cap unit 30.Preferably, in first layer 12 It is very close to each other between cap unit 30, with order to avoid during navigating by water air by cap unit 30 and first layer 12 it Between transitional region when the tension force that is formed in turbulent flow, tension element 71 therefore can increase, untill very close to each other.

Similarly, sail 10 can be provided with one or more tension element 72, and the tension element 72 is corresponding Extend between cap unit connecting element 35 in two layers of connecting element 28 and cap unit 30.When in increase tension element 72 During tension force, as a result can be cap unit 30 be pulled and closer to the second layer 21 and/or cap unit 30 shape according to Position that cap unit connecting element 35 is fastened on cap unit 30 and be conditioned.Preferably, in the second layer 12 and cap list It is very close to each other between member 30, with order to avoid passing through the transition between cap unit 30 and the second layer 21 in air during navigating by water Therefore the tension force formed during region in turbulent flow, tension element 72 can increase, untill very close to each other.

Fig. 6 to Fig. 7 diagrammatically illustrates sail 10 and can be for some deformation program of the implementation of sail 10 in further detail Particular aspects.

In figure 6 and figure 7, sail 10 is shown without showing cap unit 30, and the sail 10 includes first layer 12 and second Layer 21, the first layer 12 and the second layer 21 with mode identical mode explained above along their corresponding rear edge portions Divide connection.In multiple forms of first layer regulating element 67 at least one it is preferred that multiple tension elements are along first layer 12 Leading edge 13 be attached to corresponding first layer connecting element 19 and the internal connecting element 58 extended in connecting element 55, As described above.Each in first layer regulating element 67 may each be rope as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 3, rope or Any other appropriate element, the first layer regulating element 67 is by internal connecting element 58 and continuously arrives at sail 10 downwards Lower part, in the lower portion, rope or rope 67 are connected to manual or motorization winch, and the winch can be used in adjusting Save the tension force in first layer regulating element 67.

Sail 10 also includes at least one it is preferred that multiple multiple tension elements in the form of second layer regulating element 68, Leading edge 22 of the second layer regulating element 68 along the second layer 21 is attached to corresponding second layer connecting element 28 and prolonged The internal connecting element 58 in connecting element 55 is reached, as described above.Each in second layer regulating element 68 can be with It is rope, rope or any other appropriate element as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 3, the second layer regulating element 68 is by interior Portion's connecting element 58 and the continuous lower part for arriving at sail 10 downwards, in the lower portion, rope or the connection of rope 68 are in one's hands Dynamic or motorization winch, the winch can be used in adjusting the tension force in second layer regulating element 68.

Alternatively, first layer regulating element 67 and/or second layer regulating element 68 can include one or more actuating Device part 64, all pumps as shown in Figure 2, one or more of actuator components 64 are using corresponding rope, rope or appoint What its appropriate element is attached to connecting element 55 and is connected to first layer 12 and the second layer 21.Pump allow for increase and Reduce the tension force in rope and therefore adjust the tension force in first layer 12 and/or the second layer 21.

In figure 6, sail 10 is shown as wind W and blows to the first layer 12 of sail 10 and the leading edge of the second layer 21.Blast causes One layer 12 and second layer bending, as shown in Figure 6.In the figure 7, in first layer regulating element 67 tension force and therefore first layer 12 In tension force it is increased, to cause the substantially flat of first layer 12, and the tension force in second layer regulating element 68 keeps identical, That is, the tension force in the second layer 21 does not change.The result of separately adjustable first layer and the second layer is：The horizontal cross-section of sail 10 Alteration of form is increased with to act on the lift on sail 10.When sailing boat tacks during navigating by water, can independently it adjust The tension force in the tension force and the second layer 21 in first layer 12 is saved, this causes sail has always to provide maximum possible lift on sail Optimal air foil shape or offer when needed is less than any other air foil shape of the lift of maximum possible lift.On this Sail 10, it is important that two layers 12,21 of sail 10 can be independently adjusted during navigating by water, and therefore, it is possible in navigation Period adjusts the cross sectional shape of sail.

In fig. 8, sail 10 is shown as including first layer 12, the second layer 21, cap unit 30, connecting element 55 and cap list First forming element 49, such as explained time above, wherein, cap unit forming element 49 is attached to corresponding connecting element 55.Sail 10 is provided with multiple tension elements, such as succinct explanation below.There is provided the tension element in following form： At least one is it is preferred that multiple first layer regulating elements 67, with order to adjust the tension force in first layer 12；And at least one It is preferred that the tension force of multiple second layer regulating elements 68, with order to adjust the tension force in the second layer 21, such as Fig. 6 to Fig. 7 institutes Show and as explaining in detail above.

The sail 10 shown in Fig. 8 is additionally provided with least one it is preferred that multiple forms of cap unit regulating element 73 Tension element, the cap unit regulating element 73 is attached to cap unit 30, for example, being attached to cap unit pocket 52 Or be directly attached to cap unit forming element 49 (as explained above) and extend to the corresponding of connecting element 55 Internal connecting element 58.Each cap unit regulating element 73 may each comprise rope, rope or similar component, the rope, (it can be for ring or suitable for supporting any of one or more ropes by internal connecting element 58 for rope or similar component Other appropriate elements, the rope through and slidably by internal connecting element 58) and extend downwardly into the bottom of sail, At the bottom, rope may be coupled to manually operated or motorization winch, for the tension force in adjusting rope and therefore Axial tensile force in increase or reduction cap unit forming element 49.Cap unit regulating element 73 can also include pump, work Plug/cylinder body equipment or any other appropriate machinery dress that can increase and reduce the tension force in cap unit regulating element 73 Put.Tension force in regulation cap unit forming element 49 will cause to adjust the cross sectional shape of cap unit 30 and therefore adjust sail 10 angle of attack.In fig. 8, on the left side of sail (that is, the close first layer 12 of cap unit 30 of cap unit regulating element 73 Part) there is the tension force of increase so that and cap unit forming element 49 is bent outwardly, meanwhile, it is without tension force or very small Tension force be applied to the cap unit regulating element 73 on the opposite side of sail (that is, cap unit 30 be located at the second layer 21 near Part), therefore, the cap unit forming element 49 on the side is substantially straight.Result is that the shape of cap unit 30 contributes to The formation air foil shape of sail 10.

The sail 10 shown in Fig. 8 is additionally provided with least one it is preferred that multiple first regulating elements 71 and at least one It is individual it is preferred that the tension element of multiple forms of second regulating element 72.

First regulating element 71 extends between cap unit connecting element 35 and first layer connecting element 19.First regulation Each in element 71 may each comprise rope, rope or similar component, and the rope, rope or similar component are extended downwardly Until the bottom of sail, at the bottom, rope may be coupled to manually operated or motorization winch, in adjusting rope Tension force and therefore increase or reduce the first regulating element 71 in tension force.Rope can pass through cap unit connecting element 35 Or by first layer connecting element 19, the cap unit connecting element 35 or the first layer connecting element 19 can be with shapes As with ring-type element or any other appropriate element, any other appropriate element be suitable to support through the element or Person slides through one or more ropes of the element.First regulating element 71 can also include pump, piston/cylinder body equipment or It can increase and reduce any other appropriate mechanical device of the tension force in the first regulating element 71.

Second regulating element 72 extends between cap unit connecting element 35 and second layer connecting element 28.Second regulation Each in element 72 may each comprise rope, rope or similar component, and the rope, rope or similar component are extended downwardly Until the bottom of sail, at the bottom, rope may be coupled to manually operated or motorization winch, in adjusting rope Tension force and therefore increase or reduce the second regulating element 72 in tension force.Rope can pass through cap unit connecting element 35 Or second layer connecting element 28, the cap unit connecting element 35 or second layer connecting element 28 can be formed as having Ring-type element or any other appropriate element, any other appropriate element are suitable to support through the element and slided logical Cross one or more ropes of the element.Second regulating element 72 can also include pump, piston/cylinder body equipment or can increase With any other appropriate mechanical device for reducing the tension force in the second regulating element 72.

When the tension force increase in the tension force in the first regulating element 71 and/or the second regulating element 72, cap unit 30 Be drawn towards first layer 12 and/or the second layer 21, thus reduce cap unit 30 and first layer 12 and the second layer 21 it Between gap, to minimize the transitional region between cap unit 30 and first layer 12 and the second layer 21 during navigating by water Formed in turbulent air flow.

In fig. 9 it is shown that sail 10, the sail 10 is very similar with the sail 10 shown in Fig. 8.Difference is：Tensioning member A tension element in part (the first regulating element 71) is slidably attached to cap unit 30, as shown in Figure 9.Shown in Fig. 8 Cap unit connecting element 35 is exchanged with sliding connector 78, and the sliding connector includes：Induction element 79, it is described to draw Guiding element 79 is attached to cap unit 30；With sliding members 80, the first regulating element 71 is connected to the sliding members 80.When During tension force increase in one regulating element 71, it is allowed to which sliding members 80 is slided along induction element 79, therefore along induction element 79 are automatically found the position for the power that the optimum balance of sliding members 80 is acted on sliding connector 78.It should be noted that to the greatest extent Pipe illustrate only a part (that is, the cap unit positioned at tension element (that is, the first regulating element 71) and sail 10 in fig .9 3) a kind of sliding connector between it should be appreciated that any connection between a part for tension element and sail 10 Part can be the form of sliding connector 78 as shown in Figure 9.The further feature of the sail 10 shown in Fig. 9 and the phase having been described above Together, therefore it will not be repeated again herein.

In fig. 10 it is shown that sail 10, the sail 10 is very similar with the sail 10 shown in Fig. 8 and Fig. 9.Difference is： In Fig. 10, sail is provided with least one it is preferred that multiple tension elements in the form of auxiliary adjustment element 75, as shown As.Sail 10 in Figure 10 is to be provided with the tensioning in the form of cap unit regulating element 73 with aforesaid way identical mode Element.Connection assist 76 of the auxiliary adjustment element 75 in cap unit connecting element 35 and cap unit regulating element 73 it Between extend.

Each in auxiliary adjustment element 75 may each comprise rope, rope or similar component, the rope, rope or Similar component extends downwardly the bottom for arriving at sail, at the bottom, and rope may be coupled to manually operated or motorization strand Car, for the tension force in the tension force in adjusting rope and increase or reduction auxiliary adjustment element 75.Rope can pass through mast Cap unit connecting element 35 or connection assist 76, the connection assist 76 can be formed as with ring-type element or appoint What its appropriate element, any other appropriate element be suitable to support through and slide through one of the element or many Root rope.Auxiliary adjustment element 75 can also include pump, piston/cylinder body equipment or can increase and reduce auxiliary adjustment element 75 In tension force any other appropriate mechanical device.

Connection assist 76 can be attached in the fixed position of cap unit regulating element 73.Alternatively, auxiliary connection Part 76 can be designed so that they can be slided along cap unit regulating element 73, for example, by using around cap list First regulating element 73 and the ring-type element that can be slided along cap unit regulating element 73.It can also make in some cases With sliding connector 78 as shown in Figure 9, as long as cap unit regulating element 73 is suitable to attachment induction element 79.As a result It is：Connection assist 76 is auxiliary by this relative to the power acted on connection assist 76 and the position of cap unit regulating element 73 Connector itself is helped to be positioned at along cap unit regulating element 73 in best position.

Although not shown in the accompanying drawings, it is noted that multiple auxiliary adjustment elements 75 can be used, it is described many Individual auxiliary adjustment element 75 extends between cap unit 30 and each cap unit regulating element 73, wherein, auxiliary adjustment member Part 75 slidably or can be fixedly attached to cap unit regulating element 73.

It should also be noted that auxiliary adjustment element 75 can be arranged in sail 10 any tension element (such as, it is described extremely A few first layer regulating element 67, at least one described second layer regulating element 68, at least one described first layer shaping member Part regulating element 69, at least one described second layer forming element regulating element 70, at least one described cap unit regulation member Part 73, at least one described first regulating element 71, at least one described second regulating element 72) and sail 10 part (for example, First layer 12, the second layer 21, cap unit 30 or connecting element 55) between.Any attachment position of each tension element is equal Can regularly or be slidably attached to sail each several part or they be attached to this other tension elements.

In fig. 11, one embodiment of the sail shown, the sail includes at least one it is preferred that multiple sails shaping member Part 83, the sail forming element 83 extends through the major part of sail 10 along horizontal direction.Sail forming element 83 is by elastomeric material It is suitably produced, this allows sail forming element 83 to be bent outwardly when sail forming element 83 bears axial tensile force.In order to sail into Obtain the intended shape of sail forming element 83 when shape element 83 bears axial load, sail forming element 83 can be designed to have can The cross sectional shape (that is, the section of part circular and part-elliptical) of change and/or along the variable diameter of their axial lengths, with So that when sail forming element 83 bears axial load, a part for sail forming element 83 and the other parts of sail forming element 83 Compared to being bent outwardly more.

When sail 10 has the shape Common Shape of sail (its be) of fundamental triangle, the length of sail forming element 83 is by root According to vertical position change of each single sail forming element in sail 10.Sail forming element 83 can be with as shown in fig. 11 Connecting element 55 is connected in the forefront part of sail 10 like that.At the rear portion of sail 10, sail forming element 83 can be arranged in In pocket, the pocket is arranged near the rear edge of sail 10 or the back edge, as shown in figure 11, for example, arrangement Between first layer back edge 14 and second layer back edge 23.Sail 10 is additionally provided with the form of sail forming element regulating element 74 Tension element, the sail forming element regulating element is preferably attached to pocket in the rear edge of above-mentioned sail and extended to Connecting element 55.

Each in sail forming element regulating element 74 may each comprise rope, rope or similar component, the rope, rope Rope or similar component extend downwardly into the bottom of sail from connecting element 55, at the bottom of the sail, and rope may be coupled to hand Therefore the winch of dynamic operation or motorization, increase for the tension force in adjusting rope and or the forming element regulation of reduction sail Axial tensile force in element 74.Rope can pass through connecting element 55, and the connecting element 55 includes internal connecting element 58, described Internal connecting element 58 can be formed as with ring-type element or any other appropriate element, any other appropriate member Part is suitable to support one or more ropes through and by the element.Sail forming element regulating element 74 can also include Pump, piston/cylinder body are equipped or can increase and reduce any other appropriate of the tension force in sail forming element regulating element 74 Mechanical device.

Figure 11 illustrates sail be also shown as with first layer forming element 37 and second layer forming element 43, described One layer of forming element 37 and second layer forming element 43 are arranged in corresponding first layer pocket 40 and as described above In two layers of pocket 46.

First layer forming element regulating element 69 extends between the rear end of first layer pocket 40 and connecting element 55.The Each in one layer of forming element regulating element 69 may each comprise rope, rope or similar component, the rope, rope or Similar component also extends downwardly the bottom for arriving at sail from connecting element 55, at the bottom, and rope may be coupled to manually operated Or the winch of motorization, increase for the tension force in adjusting rope and therefore or reduction first layer forming element regulation member Axial tensile force in part 69.Rope can pass through connecting element 55, and the connecting element 55 includes internal connecting element 58, described interior Portion's connecting element 58 can be formed as with ring-type element or any other appropriate element, any other appropriate member Part is suitable to support one or more ropes through and by the element.First layer forming element regulating element 69 can also be wrapped Include pump, piston/cylinder body equipment or can increase and reduce tension force in first layer forming element regulating element 69 it is any its Its appropriate mechanical device.

Second layer forming element regulating element 70 extends between the rear end of second layer pocket 46 and connecting element 55.The Each in two layers of forming element regulating element 70 may each comprise rope, rope or similar component, the rope, rope or Similar component also extends downwardly into the bottom of sail from connecting element 55, at the bottom, rope may be coupled to it is manually operated or Therefore the winch of person's motorization, increase for the tension force in adjusting rope and or the second forming element regulating element 70 of reduction In axial tensile force.Rope can pass through connecting element 55, and the connecting element 55 includes internal connecting element 58, and the inside connects Connecing element 58 can be formed as with ring-type element or any other appropriate element, and any other appropriate element is suitable to Support through and slide through one or more ropes of the element.Second layer forming element regulating element 70 can also include Pump, piston/cylinder body are equipped or can increase and reduce any other of the tension force in second layer forming element regulating element 70 Appropriate mechanical device.

In addition, the sail 10 in Figure 11 is shown as with the first layer regulating element for being used to adjust the tension force in first layer 12 67 and for the other tension elements for the form of second layer regulating element 70 for adjusting the tension force in the second layer 21.It is detailed above These tension elements are carefully explained, be will not be described in great detail herein.Moreover, as shown in figure 11, sail 10 is provided with cap unit forming member Part 49.However, due to lacking space in accompanying drawing, therefore be not shown in fig. 11 for adjusting axial tensile force and therefore adjusting The cap unit regulating element 49 of the shape of cap unit forming element 49.However, cap unit regulating element 49 will with it is upper The mode identical mode that text is explained is present.

In fig. 11, do not apply tension in any one in tension element 67,68,69,70,74 or adjust In the tension element 73 (not shown in Figure 11) of tension force in cap unit forming element 49, therefore first layer forming element 37, Second layer forming element 43, cap unit forming element 49 and sail forming element 83 are substantially straight.During navigating by water, sail into Tension force in shape element regulation element 74 can increase so that axial tensile force increase and sail shaping member in sail forming element 83 Part 83 is bent outwardly to desired level.By means of blast, sail forming element 83 can be as needed easily towards first layer 12 Or the second layer 21 is bent outwardly, therefore help to assign the desired cross sectional shape of sail 10.

The embodiment of the sail with sail forming element 83 will also be with only having a layer rather than with first layer and the Two layers of sail works together.Sail forming element 83 is arranged substantially between the leading edge of sail and back edge, as shown in figure 11, still It is opposite with Figure 11 embodiment that (in the embodiment in figure 11, sail forming element 83 is not connected and in sail forming element 83 Front and rear at attachment position between depart from first layer 12 and the second layer 21), with only one layer embodiment Sail forming element for example at least must be attached to sail at several positions of the length along sail forming element using belt Single layer so that be forced in sail forming element such or when bending like that, the single layer is forced to follow sail forming element Shape.

According to the present invention and sail 10 as described above under simply summarizing, sail can be provided with multiple different parts, Including first layer 12, first layer forming element 37, the second layer 21, second layer forming element 43, cap unit 30, cap unit into Shape element 49, connecting element 55 and possibly sail forming element 83.Sail can be independently adjusted by using various tension elements The tension force and shape of 10 these parts, the various tension elements include first layer regulating element 67, second layer regulating element 68th, first layer forming element regulating element 69, second layer forming element regulating element 70, cap unit regulating element 73, first Regulating element 71, the second regulating element 72, auxiliary adjustment element 75 and possible sail forming element regulating element 74.It is any given Sail may each comprise some in all these parts and all tension elements or tension element.Other sails can include The selection of some and tension element in the part of above-mentioned sail is combined, the selection combination will the various pieces of regulation sail Flexibility needed for being provided during power and from shape to sail.

Because being preferably able to be operating independently all tension elements and be therefore independently adjusted is connected with tension element Sail 10 various pieces in tension force, so can during navigating by water in the physical limit of the part of regulation sail by sail 10 cross sectional shape is adjusted to any required shape.

It should be noted that all tension elements can use sliding connector to be attached to the part of sail so that Tight element is by its own regulation to certain position, and the position causes the tension force for the part for being applied to sail to have best side To.

Claims

1. a kind of sail for producing thrust power or lift in a fluid, the sail includes first layer and the second layer, wherein, it is described First layer and the second layer are connected along at least one corresponding sidepiece, and the first layer and the second layer are defined The cross sectional shape of the longitudinal direction for being basically perpendicular to the sail of the sail, wherein, can adjust the first layer shape and/ Or the shape of the second layer can be adjusted, it is enable to adjust the cross sectional shape of the sail.

2. sail according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the sail includes at least one first layer regulating element, is used for Adjust the shape of the first layer.

3. the sail according to claims 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the sail includes at least one second layer regulating element, Shape for adjusting the second layer.

4. sail according to claim 2, it is characterised in that it is described that at least one described first layer regulating element is suitable to regulation Tension force in first layer.

5. sail according to claim 3, it is characterised in that it is described that at least one described second layer regulating element is suitable to regulation Tension force in the second layer.

6. the sail described in any one in claim 2 to 5, it is characterised in that at least one first layer regulation Element and at least one described second layer regulating element can be operating independently.

7. the sail described in any one in claim 1 to 6, it is characterised in that the first layer includes at least one First layer forming element, the shape for adjusting the first layer.

8. sail according to claim 7, it is characterised in that at least one described first layer forming element is by elastomeric material system Into.

9. the sail according to claim 7 or 8, it is characterised in that the sail includes at least one first layer forming element Regulating element, the shape for adjusting at least one first layer forming element.

10. the sail described in any one in claim 1 to 9, it is characterised in that the second layer includes at least one Second layer forming element, the shape for adjusting the second layer.

11. sail according to claim 10, it is characterised in that at least one described second layer forming element is by elastomeric material It is made.

12. the sail according to claim 10 or 11, it is characterised in that the sail is provided with the shaping of at least one second layer Element regulation element, the shape for adjusting at least one second layer forming element.

13. the sail described in any one in claim 1 to 12, it is characterised in that the first layer along first Layer at least a portion of leading edge and at least a portion along second layer leading edge of the second layer be rigid.

14. the sail described in any one in claim 1 to 13, it is characterised in that the sail includes cap unit, institute State cap unit and at least cover the first layer leading edge and the second layer leading edge.

15. sail according to claim 14, it is characterised in that the cap unit is attached to the first layer and described Two layers.

16. the sail according to claim 14 or 15, it is characterised in that the cap unit includes at least one cap list First forming element, the shape for adjusting the cap unit.

17. sail according to claim 16, it is characterised in that at least one described cap unit forming element is by elastic material Material is made.

18. the sail according to claim 16 or 17, it is characterised in that the sail is provided with cap unit regulating element, Shape for adjusting at least one cap unit forming element.

19. the sail described in any one in claim 1 to 18, it is characterised in that the sail connects including at least one Element is connect, the connecting element is suitably connected to external member.

20. sail according to claim 19, it is characterised in that at least one described connecting element extends to the interior of the sail Portion or the inside for being fully located in the sail.

21. the sail according to claim 19 or 20, it is characterised in that the sail includes at least one first layer and adjusts member Part, at least one described first layer regulating element extends between the first layer and the connecting element, it is described at least one First layer regulating element is suitable to adjust the tension force in the first layer.

22. the sail described in any one in claim 14 to 21, it is characterised in that the sail include at least one the One regulating element, at least one described first regulating element extends between the first layer and the cap unit, it is described extremely Few first regulating element is suitable to regulation the distance between the first layer and the cap unit.

23. the sail described in any one in claim 19 to 22, it is characterised in that the sail include at least one the Two layers of regulating element, at least one described second layer regulating element extends between the second layer and the connecting element, institute At least one second layer regulating element is stated to be suitable to adjust the tension force in the second layer.

24. the sail described in any one in claim 14 to 23, it is characterised in that the sail include at least one the Two regulating elements, at least one described second regulating element extends between the second layer and the cap unit, it is described extremely Few second regulating element is suitable to regulation the distance between the second layer and the cap unit.

25. the sail described in any one in claim 2 to 24, it is characterised in that at least one described first layer is adjusted Save element and/or at least one described second layer regulating element and/or described to one first layer forming element regulating element and/ Or at least one described second layer forming element regulating element and/or at least one described cap unit regulating element and/or institute Stating at least one first regulating element and/or at least one described second regulating element, each includes with the component in the following group At least one：Actuator, piston/cylinder body component, pump, motor, rope, wire, chain, winch.

26. the sail described in any one in claim 22 to 25, it is characterised in that at least one described first regulation Element is slidably attached to the cap unit.

27. the sail described in any one in claim 24 to 26, it is characterised in that at least one described second regulation Element is slidably attached to the cap unit.

28. the sail described in any one in claim 2 to 27, it is characterised in that the first layer regulating element and/ Or the first layer forming element regulating element and/or the second layer regulating element and/or second layer forming element tune Save element and/or the cap unit regulating element and/or at least one described first regulating element and/or it is described at least one Second regulating element is respectively positioned on the inside of the sail.

29. the sail described in any one in claim 19 to 28, it is characterised in that the first layer regulating element And/or the first layer forming element regulating element and/or the second layer regulating element and/or the second layer forming element Regulating element and/or the cap unit regulating element and/or at least one described first regulating element and/or described at least one Individual second regulating element is all connected to or through at least one described connecting element.

30. the sail described in any one in claim 1 to 29, it is characterised in that the sail includes at least one sail Forming element.

31. sail according to claim 30, it is characterised in that at least one described sail forming element is basic from the sail Leading edge extends to the back edge of the sail and is made up of elastomeric material.

32. the sail according to claim 30 or 31, it is characterised in that the sail is additionally provided with least one sail shaping member Part regulating element, for adjusting the axial tensile force in the sail forming element.

33. the sail described in any one in claim 30 to 32, it is characterised in that at least one sail shaping member Part and at least one described sail forming element regulating element are arranged between the first layer and the second layer.

34. the sail described in any one in claim 30 to 33, it is characterised in that at least one sail shaping member Part is attached to one in the connecting element.

35. a kind of ship or sailing boat, the ship or sailing boat include sailage, it is characterised in that the ship is provided with according to right It is required that the sail described in any one in 1 to 34, wherein, the sail is attached to the sailage of the ship.

36. ship according to claim 35 or sailing boat, it is characterised in that the first layer and the second layer have attached It is connected at least three of the sailage and shares attachment position.

37. ship or sailing boat according to claim 35 or 36, it is characterised in that the sailage includes at least one mast Bar, and at least one connecting element of the sail is connected to the mast.

38. the sail described in any one in claims 1 to 34 is used on sailing boat.

39. use of the sail described in any one on ocean-going vessel in claims 1 to 34, the sail is promoted with being used for The engine of the ocean-going vessel is applied in combination.