CN107196625A - Integrator, wave filter and integration method - Google Patents
Integrator, wave filter and integration method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107196625A CN107196625A CN201710536259.1A CN201710536259A CN107196625A CN 107196625 A CN107196625 A CN 107196625A CN 201710536259 A CN201710536259 A CN 201710536259A CN 107196625 A CN107196625 A CN 107196625A
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- inverting input
- amplifier
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H11/00—Networks using active elements
- H03H11/02—Multiple-port networks
- H03H11/04—Frequency selective two-port networks
- H03H11/12—Frequency selective two-port networks using amplifiers with feedback
- H03H11/126—Frequency selective two-port networks using amplifiers with feedback using a single operational amplifier
- H03H11/1278—Modifications to reduce detrimental influences of amplifier imperfections, e.g. limited gain-bandwith product, limited input impedance
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Abstract
A kind of integrator, wave filter and integration method are provided.Integrator includes：Amplifier, the inverting input with the first input signal of reception, non-inverting input, the first output end and the second output end for receiving the second input signal；First entering apparatus, is connected between first input signal and the inverting input；Second entering apparatus, is connected between second input signal and the non-inverting input；First feedback circuit, is connected between the inverting input and first output end, including the first resistor device being connected in series and the first capacitor；Second feedback circuit, is connected between the inverting input and second output end, including second resistance device；3rd feedback resistance, is connected between the non-inverting input and second output end, including the 3rd resistor device and the second capacitor being connected in series；With the 4th feedback circuit, it is connected between the non-inverting input and second output end, including the 4th resistor.
Description
Technical field
It the present invention relates to the use of the integrator of non-ideal amplifier, wave filter and integration method using the integrator.
Background technology
At present, IOT (Internet of things：Internet of Things) get most of the attention, and the equipment for being used for IOT needs to have only
Super low-power consumption (ultra low power consumption) characteristic that also can be more than operation for months using button cell.Therefore,
All composition modules of IOT transceivers are required for being designed to that current drain is extremely low.As IOT receivers main composition module it
One wave filter can filter out the undesirable signal received in signal, can make needed for IOT receives low power consumption well
Signal.
Generally, the wave filter of this purposes uses the active RC filter being made up of operational amplifier, resistance and capacitor.
Because, this wave filter has good linear and low-noise characteristic, is readily designed to high-performance receiver.In existing skill
In art, as the operational amplifier utilized in this wave filter, two-stage calculation amplifier (two stage have mainly been used
) or feedforward compensation type operational amplifier (feed-forward compensated opamp) opamp.Two-stage calculation amplifier
Characteristic with high-gain, appropriate bandwidth, feedforward compensation type operational amplifier has appropriate gain, broadband money characteristic.But,
This usual current drain of operational amplifier is larger, therefore does not meet super low-power consumption requirement.In order to meet super low-power consumption characteristic, need
Use monopole operational amplifier (single stage opamp), but monopole operational amplifier and above two amplifier phase
Than gain is low and bandwidth is also narrow.Therefore, using the wave filter of monopole Design of Amplifiers, its performance can be deteriorated.
The content of the invention
The present invention complete in view of the above circumstances, its object is to there is provided one kind even with NON-IDEAL OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER
Also it can keep and the integrator using identical characteristic during ideal operational amplificr and the wave filter using the integrator.
The present invention provides a kind of integrator, including：Amplifier, with receive the first input signal inverting input, connect
Receive non-inverting input, the first output end and the second output end of the second input signal；First entering apparatus, is connected to described
Between one input signal and the inverting input；Second entering apparatus, is connected to second input signal and described non-anti-
Between phase input；First feedback circuit, is connected between the inverting input and first output end, including series connection connects
The first resistor device connect and the first capacitor；Second feedback circuit, is connected to the inverting input and second output end
Between, including second resistance device；3rd feedback resistance, is connected between the non-inverting input and second output end,
Including the 3rd resistor device and the second capacitor being connected in series；With the 4th feedback circuit, be connected to the non-inverting input with
Between second output end, including the 4th resistor.
The present invention also provides a kind of integration method, including：The inverting input of amplifier is inputted via the first entering apparatus
First input signal, non-inverting input inputs the second input signal via the second entering apparatus, will via the first feedback circuit
The output of first output end of the amplifier feeds back to the inverting input, and via the second feedback circuit by the amplification
The output of second output end of device feeds back to the inverting input, defeated by the second of the amplifier via the 3rd feedback circuit
The output for going out end feeds back to the non-inverting input, and via the 4th feedback circuit by the first output end of the amplifier
Output feeds back to the non-inverting input, wherein, first feedback circuit includes the first resistor device that is connected in series and the
One capacitor, second feedback circuit includes second resistance device, and the 3rd feedback resistance includes the 3rd electricity being connected in series
Device and the second capacitor are hindered, the 4th feedback circuit includes the 4th resistor.
Preferably, the electric capacity of the first resistor device and the resistance value of the 3rd resistor device and the capacitor, described
The DC current gain and half-power frequency of amplifier are related, the resistance value and institute of the second resistance device and the 4th resistor
State resistance value, the DC current gain correlation of the amplifier of entering apparatus.
Preferably, first entering apparatus is equal with the resistance value of second entering apparatus, first capacitor
Equal with the electric capacity of second capacitor, the resistance value of the first resistor device and the 3rd resistor device is equal and described
The resistance value of second resistance device and the 4th resistor is equal.
The present invention also provides a kind of wave filter, including multiple above-mentioned integrators, cascades multiple integrators.
According to the integrator of the present invention, the performance that can compensate for the active RC filter caused by non-ideal amplifier is bad
Change.In order to meet the requirement of super low-power consumption, the current drain of amplifier need to be reduced, therefore show as low gain, low bandwidth and put
The imperfection of big device can be increasingly severe.But, by using the integrator of the present invention, it can compensate for the non-ideal of amplifier
Property, therefore can expect more preferable effect in super low-power consumption field.In addition, the integrator of the present invention can be used in LPF
Device, can be used for complex bandpass filters.By the wave filter that constitutes of integrator of the present invention can realize good gain and
Bandwidth.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the circuit diagram for representing the integrator structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2~Fig. 4 is the circuit diagram for illustrating the process of the integrator of the design present invention.
Fig. 5 is the circuit diagram for representing the low-pass filter structure of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the curve for the frequency response for representing the complex bandpass filters using the low pass filter composition shown in Fig. 5
Figure.
Embodiment
In the following description, specific structure and explanation are used for the purpose of being easier to understand the explanation of the present invention and progress,
The present invention can be implemented in a variety of ways, however it is not limited to the mode that this specification is recorded.In addition, in the technology without departing from the present invention
In the range of thought, various changes, improvement etc. can be implemented to the present invention, these changes, improvement are all contained in the protection of the present invention
In the range of.
In addition, the term such as " first ", " second " for using in the following description can be explained specific inscape, but this
A little terms do not limit these inscapes.These terms are only used for distinguishing each inscape.
Hereinafter, it is explained with reference to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is the circuit diagram for representing the preferred integrator structure of the present invention.As shown in figure 1, integrator 100 is offset-type
Differential integrator device, input differential signal Vin and Vip, through fully-differential amplifier 110 amplify after respectively output difference signal Vop and
Von.As shown in figure 1, integrator 100 includes the input resistor R10 of anti-phase input side, the input electricity of non-inverting input side
Hinder device R20, amplifier 110, feedback circuit 120,130,140,150.Wherein, feedback circuit 120 be connected to inverting input with
Between non-inverting output, including the resistor R being connected in seriesZ10With capacitor C10, feedback circuit 140 is connected to anti-phase input
Between end and reversed-phase output, including resistor Rf10.Feedback circuit 130 be connected to non-inverting input and reversed-phase output it
Between, including the resistor R being connected in seriesZ11With capacitor C20, feedback circuit 150 be connected to non-inverting input with it is noninverting defeated
Go out between end, including resistor Rf11。
By input resistor R10, R20, resistor RZ10、RZ11、Rf10、Rf11Resistance value be set to R10, R20, RZ10、RZ11、
Rf10、Rf11, when capacitor C10 and C20 electric capacity are set into C10, C20, meet following relation.
Wherein, R10=R20, C10=C20, A0Represent the DC current gain of amplifier 110, ω0Correspondence 3dB points (i.e. half-power
Point) angular frequency.
Hereinafter, the resistor R in each feedback circuit is described in detailZ10、RZ11、Rf10、Rf11Resistance value how to set,
How to determine above-mentioned formula (1).
Fig. 2~Fig. 4 is the circuit diagram for illustrating the process of the integrator of the design present invention.Fig. 2 is a kind of typical profit
The integrator of one of the basic constituent element of active RC filter with NON-IDEAL OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER, the integrator 10 make use of one
Individual NON-IDEAL OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER 12.As shown in Fig. 2 operational amplifier 12 is with inverting input, non-inverting input and one
Output end, inverting input is grounded via resistor R input voltage Vi, non-inverting input, and feedback element is capacitor C,
If resistor R resistance value is R, capacitor C electric capacity is C.Assuming that the DC current gain of the NON-IDEAL OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER 12 is A0,
3dB points angular frequency is ω0, the transmission function of operational amplifier 12 isWherein s=j ω, then integrator 10 transmission function
It can be represented with following formula (2).
Wherein s=j ω, same as below.
Understand that the integrator 10 gain under direct current (i.e. ω=0) is A according to above-mentioned formula (2)0.If preferably transporting
Calculate amplifier, i.e. A0→∞、ω0→ ∞, then can carry out work as -1/ (sRC) ideal integrator., can after formula (2) is collated
Become following formula (3).
If the DC current gain A of operational amplifier0It is sufficiently large, and unit gain frequency A0ω0It is sufficiently large, then can be by formula (3)
It is reduced to following formula (4).
Due in effective band, meeting | s/A0ω0| ＜ ＜ 1 relation, therefore by Taylor's series approximation, can be by
Formula (4) is reduced to following formula (5).
According to above-mentioned formula (5), illustrate constitute non-ideal integrator 10 ' using ideal operational amplificr 12 ' in figure 3
State, i.e. assuming that the DC current gain A of the operational amplifier in Fig. 20→ ∞, 3dB point angular frequency0→∞.In figure 3, feed back
Circuit 20 is by the capacitor C and resistance R that are connected in serieszConstitute, feedback circuit 30 is by resistance RfConstitute.Assuming that resistance RzResistance
It is worth for Rz, resistance RfResistance value be Rf, then following relations establishments.
It follows that resistance RzWith resistance RfIt is caused by NON-IDEAL OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER.Fortune used in actual production
Calculate amplifier and be unlikely to be preferable, if therefore wanting to realize the property of an ideal integrator using this actual operational amplifier
Can be, it is necessary to the above-mentioned resistance R caused by NON-IDEAL OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERzWith resistance RfCompensate, now need resistance Rf
Output end be connected on reversed-phase output, figure 4 illustrates this connection status (reversed-phase output-V0)。
In actual applications, anti-phase output-V0Realize, can also be put using fully differential using the amplifier of Single-end output
Big device is realized.Generally, in analog circuit, difference channel can be used in order to shield common-mode noise, therefore in the present embodiment
Preferably use fully-differential amplifier.But the present invention is not limited thereto, can also according to user the need for, selection Single-end output
Amplifier realizes anti-phase output.
Realize the structure of anti-phase output as shown in figure 1, i.e. integrator of the invention by fully-differential amplifier.In Fig. 1,
Resistor RZ10And RZ11Corresponding to the resistance R in Fig. 4z, resistor Rf10And Rf11Corresponding to the resistance R in Fig. 4f.Further, since
Input differential signal, therefore anti-phase input, noninverting output and non-inverting input, the symmetrical configuration of anti-phase output, that is, feed back electricity
The structure on road 130,150 is identical with feedback circuit 120,140.It is tangible that the offset-type differential integrator device of this structure can be used in institute
The active RC filter of formula.
Fig. 5 is the circuit diagram for representing the filter construction of the present invention, and the wave filter has cascaded three integrations as described above
Device, constitutes three rank Butterworth lowpass filters.As shown in figure 5, in order to compensate performance degradation caused by non-ideal amplifier,
The feedback circuit corresponding with the feedback circuit (120,130,140,150) in Fig. 1 has been used in each integrator.Also
It is to say, in each integrator, in order to compensate deterioration in characteristics caused by non-ideal amplifier, has used and the R in Fig. 4z、Rf
Corresponding resistor (Rz1~Rz6, Rf1~Rf6) has carried out feedback control.
In Figure 5, Rz1, Rz2, Rf1, Rf2 and input resistor R1, R2, capacitor C1, C2 in firstorder filter
And first amplifier 101 DC current gain and 3dB dot frequencies between relation meet above-mentioned formula (1).Similarly, second-order is filtered
Rz3, Rz4, Rf3, Rf4 and resistor R5, R6, capacitor C3, C4 and the second amplifier 102 DC current gain in ripple device and
Relation between 3dB dot frequencies meets above-mentioned formula (1)；Rz5, Rz6, Rf5, Rf6 and resistor R9 in third-order filter,
Relation between R10, capacitor C5, C6 and the 3rd amplifier 103 DC current gain and 3dB dot frequencies also meets above-mentioned formula
(1).In Figure 5, the performance for the wave filter that resistor R1~R14 big I is required according to user is come any setting.In addition,
Fully-differential amplifier has been used in Fig. 5, but difference output can also be realized using the amplifier of Single-end output.Also,
The situation of third-order low-pass filter is illustrate only in Fig. 5, according to the demand of user, can be cascaded more than two or four of the invention
Integrator.
If in the transmission function of low pass filter, s is substituted for into s-j ωC(s=j ω, ωC：Complex bandpass filters
The center angular frequency of (complex band-pass filter)), then it can be transformed into complex bandpass filters.Pass through this frequency
Conversion, frequency response floats to higher frequency side from the passband side of low pass filter, so if wave filter is by non-ideal amplification
Device is constituted, then performance degradation can become much larger caused by the non-ideal characteristic of amplifier.But, if using the product of the present invention
Point device constitutes wave filter, even becomes complex bandpass filters from low pass filter, can also realize good gain and
Frequency response characteristic.
Frequency when Fig. 6 represents to realize complex bandpass filters using three rank Butterworth lowpass filters shown in Fig. 5
The simulation result of response, simulated conditions are：The three dB bandwidth of each one-stage amplifier is that 1.2MHz, DC current gain are 18dB.
In addition, in figure 6, in order to be compared, also also show and the R in Fig. 4z、RfCorresponding resistor Rz1~
Frequency response curve under Rz6, Rf1~Rf6 use whether frequency response and ideal amplifier.Specifically, in Fig. 6
In, curve 0 represent ideal amplifier under frequency response, curve 1 represent used resistor Rz1~Rz6 but be not used Rf1~
Frequency response during Rf6, curve 2 represents the resistor Rz1~frequency response of Rz6 and Rf1~Rf6 all when not in use, the table of curve 3
Show that frequency response when resistor Rz1~Rz6 and Rf1~Rf6 are used (has used structure shown in multiple Fig. 1 of the invention
Integrator), frequency response when curve 4 represents resistor Rz1~Rz6 is not used but used Rf1~Rf6.
It can be seen from Fig. 6 result, during using resistor Rz1~Rz6 and Rf1~Rf6, it can compensate for by super low-power consumption
The performance degradation for the wave filter that single amplifier is constituted, frequency response is almost close to the result based on ideal amplifier (with reference to bent
Line 0 and 3).
The embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail above, but the present invention is not limited to the explanation of the above, at this
Change, improvement for being carried out in the range of the technological thought of invention etc. are within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of integrator, including：
Amplifier, with the inverting input for receiving the first input signal, the non-inverting input for receiving the second input signal, the
One output end and the second output end；
First entering apparatus, is connected between first input signal and the inverting input；
Second entering apparatus, is connected between second input signal and the non-inverting input；
First feedback circuit, is connected between the inverting input and first output end, including first be connected in series
Resistor and the first capacitor；
Second feedback circuit, is connected between the inverting input and second output end, including second resistance device；
3rd feedback resistance, is connected between the non-inverting input and second output end, including be connected in series
Three resistors and the second capacitor；With
4th feedback circuit, is connected between the non-inverting input and second output end, including the 4th resistor.
2. integrator according to claim 1, wherein,
The first resistor device and the resistance value of the 3rd resistor device and electric capacity, the direct current of the amplifier of the capacitor
Gain and half-power frequency are related,
The resistance value of the second resistance device and the 4th resistor and the resistance value of the entering apparatus, the amplifier
DC current gain is related.
3. integrator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein,
First entering apparatus is equal with the resistance value of second entering apparatus,
The electric capacity of first capacitor and second capacitor is equal.
4. a kind of wave filter, including the integrator any one of multiple claims 1 to 3, wherein, cascade multiple products
Divide device.
5. a kind of integration method, including：
The inverting input of amplifier inputs the first input signal via the first entering apparatus, and non-inverting input is defeated via second
Enter device and input the second input signal,
The output of the first output end of the amplifier is fed back into the inverting input via the first feedback circuit, and via
The output of second output end of the amplifier is fed back to the inverting input by the second feedback circuit,
The output of the second output end of the amplifier is fed back into the non-inverting input, and warp via the 3rd feedback circuit
The output of the first output end of the amplifier is fed back into the non-inverting input by the 4th feedback circuit,
Wherein, first feedback circuit includes first resistor device and the first capacitor being connected in series, the second feedback electricity
Road includes second resistance device, and the 3rd feedback resistance includes the 3rd resistor device and the second capacitor being connected in series, and the 4th is anti-
Current feed circuit includes the 4th resistor.
6. integration method according to claim 5, wherein,
The first resistor device and the resistance value of the 3rd resistor device and electric capacity, the direct current of the amplifier of the capacitor
Gain and half-power frequency are related,
The resistance value of the second resistance device and the 4th resistor and the resistance value of the entering apparatus, the amplifier
DC current gain is related.
7. the integration method according to claim 5 or 6, wherein,
First entering apparatus is equal with the resistance value of second entering apparatus,
The electric capacity of first capacitor and second capacitor is equal.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201710536259.1A CN107196625B (en) | 2017-07-03 | 2017-07-03 | Integrator, filter and integration method |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710536259.1A CN107196625B (en) | 2017-07-03 | 2017-07-03 | Integrator, filter and integration method |
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| CN107196625B CN107196625B (en) | 2023-06-09 |
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| CN107196625B (en) | 2023-06-09 |
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