CN107194915B - Method for evaluating harmful particles in aggregate particles - Google Patents

Method for evaluating harmful particles in aggregate particles Download PDF

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CN107194915B
CN107194915B CN201710266654.2A CN201710266654A CN107194915B CN 107194915 B CN107194915 B CN 107194915B CN 201710266654 A CN201710266654 A CN 201710266654A CN 107194915 B CN107194915 B CN 107194915B
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particles
aggregate
harmful
acicular
aggregate particles
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CN107194915A (en
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曹源文
梁乃兴
马丽英
杨芬
归少雄
刘广平
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Chongqing Jiaotong University
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Abstract

The invention provides a method for evaluating harmful particles in aggregate particles, which comprises the following steps: s1, collecting an aggregate particle image, and acquiring edge information of the aggregate particle image according to the collected image; s2, obtaining evaluation parameters of harmful particles according to the edge information of the aggregate particle image; s3, screening harmful particles and the content of the harmful particles according to the evaluation parameters of the harmful particles, wherein the harmful particles comprise acicular particles and flaky particles; according to the method, the accuracy of the evaluation result of harmful particles in the aggregate particles can be effectively improved, so that the strength, the anti-rutting capability, the workability, the uniformity and other performances of the concrete are ensured, the manual intervention is effectively reduced in the whole evaluation process, the efficiency is greatly improved while the accuracy of the evaluation result is improved, and the labor cost is reduced.

Description

Method for evaluating harmful particles in aggregate particles
Technical Field
The invention relates to a building material evaluation method, in particular to an evaluation method of harmful particles in aggregate particles.
Background
Aggregate is also called aggregate and is one of main materials of concrete, the property of aggregate particles is related to the workability and uniformity of the concrete, wherein acicular particles and flaky particles in the aggregate have great influence on the performance of the concrete, if the acicular particles and the flaky particles are mutually overlapped, fine particles of other materials in the concrete cannot enter gaps among the aggregate particles, so that the strength, the rutting resistance, the workability and the uniformity of the concrete are seriously influenced, in the prior art, the shape evaluation of the aggregate particles adopts a manual detection mode, parameter values such as the maximum diameter, the minimum diameter and the thickness of the aggregate particles are detected by a vernier caliper method, then the needle flake degree of the aggregate particles is judged, harmful particles are screened out and the content of the harmful particles is determined, the method has large workload and extremely low efficiency, and more importantly, due to the participation of excessive human factors in the detection process, the influence of the fatigue degree of workers and other factors, the accuracy of the detection result is low, and the final concrete performance is seriously influenced.
Therefore, a new method is needed to solve the above technical problems.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides an evaluation method for harmful particles in aggregate particles, which can effectively improve the accuracy of the evaluation result of the harmful particles in the aggregate particles, thereby ensuring the strength, rutting resistance, workability, uniformity, and other properties of concrete, and effectively reducing human intervention in the whole evaluation process, improving the accuracy of the evaluation result, greatly improving efficiency, and reducing labor cost.
The invention provides a method for evaluating harmful particles in aggregate particles, which comprises the following steps:
s1, collecting an aggregate particle image, and acquiring edge information of the aggregate particle image according to the collected image;
s2, obtaining evaluation parameters of harmful particles according to the edge information of the aggregate particle image;
and S3, screening harmful particles and the content of the harmful particles according to the evaluation parameters of the harmful particles, wherein the harmful particles comprise acicular particles and flaky particles.
Further, the evaluation parameter includes a plane shape index Y of the aggregate particlesiMaximum diameter D of the particlesimaxMinimum diameter D of the particlesiminThickness H of the particlesiAnd the average diameter D of the particlesimeanWherein the plane shape index Y of the aggregate particlesiRefers to the ratio of the major and minor axes of the equivalent ellipse of the aggregate particles, and i represents the ith particle in the sample.
Further, in step S3, the acicular particles were evaluated according to the following method:
s3a1, solving the ratio X of the maximum diameter to the minimum diameter of the aggregate particles ii：
Figure GDA0001361581300000021
S3a2. solving the ratio X of all aggregate particlesiAnd error between plane shape indices1：
Figure GDA0001361581300000022
S3a3, calculating an error correction coefficient:
Figure GDA0001361581300000023
s3a4. calculating acicular coefficient Zi：
When sigma is1>σ′1And then: zi＝Yi+；
When sigma is1≤σ′1And then: zi＝YiWherein, σ'1Setting an error threshold;
s3a5 according to the acicular coefficient ZiJudging whether the aggregate particles are acicular particles:
if 1 is less than or equal to Zi<2, the current aggregate particles are ideal particles;
if 2 is less than or equal to Zi<2.4, the current aggregate particles are needle-shaped trend particles;
if Z isiAnd more than or equal to 2.4, the current aggregate particles are needle-shaped particles.
Further, in step S3, the plate-like particles were evaluated according to the following method:
s3b1, calculating sheet coefficients P of aggregate particlesi：
Figure GDA0001361581300000031
S3b2. according to the sheet coefficient PiJudging whether the aggregate particles are flaky particles:
if: 0<PiLess than or equal to 0.4, and the current aggregate particles are flaky particles;
if: 0.4<PiLess than or equal to 0.5, and the current aggregate particles are flaky trend particles;
if: 0.5<PiLess than or equal to 1, and the current aggregate particles are ideal particles.
Further, establishing a joint judgment index of the needle flake particles:
the degree of acicular nature of the aggregate particles is expressed by the following formula:
Figure GDA0001361581300000032
the degree of flakiness of the aggregate particles is expressed by the following formula:
Figure GDA0001361581300000033
the degree of pin sheet shape of the aggregate particles is then expressed by the following formula:
Figure GDA0001361581300000041
wherein i represents the ith aggregate particle, when ciWhen the grain number is 0, the grain is an ideal full grain; when c is going toiWhen 1, the particles are slightly acicular or slightly flaky; when c is going toiWhen 2, the particles are slightly acicular platy particles, acicular particles or platy particles; when c is going toiWhen the grain is 3, the grain is needle-shaped plus slight flake-shaped grain or flake-shaped plus slight needle-shaped grain; when c is going toiWhen the particle is 4, the particle is a needle flake particle; and when c isiWhen the particle size is more than or equal to 2, the aggregate particles are harmful particles.
Further, the content of harmful particles in the aggregate particles was evaluated by the following method:
Figure GDA0001361581300000042
wherein α represents the content of harmful particles in the aggregate particles, VzRepresents the volume of aggregate particles; viIndicating the volume of the detrimental particles.
Further, the edge information of the aggregate particle image is obtained according to the following method:
s11, establishing gradient vectors of the aggregate particle image f (x, y) in a pixel (x, y)
Figure GDA0001361581300000043
Figure GDA0001361581300000044
Wherein G isx(x, y) represents the first order difference of the edge points of the particles in the image in the x-direction, Gy(x, y) represents the first order difference of the edge points of the particles in the image in the y direction;
s12, calculating gradient amplitude
Figure GDA0001361581300000045
Figure GDA0001361581300000051
Wherein mag { } is a magnitude function;
s13, calculating the gradient amplitude value
Figure GDA0001361581300000052
Comparing with the set threshold value if
Figure GDA0001361581300000053
And if the pixel point (x, y) is larger than the set threshold value, the pixel point (x, y) is considered as the edge point of the aggregate image.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the method, the accuracy of the evaluation result of harmful particles in the aggregate particles can be effectively improved, so that the strength, the anti-rutting capability, the workability, the uniformity and other performances of the concrete are ensured, the manual intervention is effectively reduced in the whole evaluation process, the efficiency is greatly improved while the accuracy of the evaluation result is improved, and the labor cost is reduced.
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The invention is further described below with reference to the following figures and examples:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a aspect ratio of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a diagram of the ratio X before introducing the correction factor in the present inventioniAnd plane shape index YiA graph of (a).
FIG. 4 is a diagram of the ratio X after introducing the correction coefficient in the present inventioniAnd plane shape index YiA graph of (a).
Detailed Description
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention, and as shown in the figure, the present invention provides a method for evaluating harmful particles in aggregate particles, which comprises the following steps:
s1, collecting an aggregate particle image, and acquiring edge information of the aggregate particle image according to the collected image; in the invention, images of aggregate particles are collected through a camera and the like, and the image proportion is set to be a 1:1 mode when the images are collected;
s2, obtaining evaluation parameters of harmful particles according to the edge information of the aggregate particle image;
s3, screening harmful particles and the content of the harmful particles according to the evaluation parameters of the harmful particles, wherein the harmful particles comprise acicular particles and flaky particles; according to the method, the accuracy of the evaluation result of harmful particles in the aggregate particles can be effectively improved, so that the strength, the anti-rutting capability, the workability, the uniformity and other performances of the concrete are ensured, the manual intervention is effectively reduced in the whole evaluation process, the efficiency is greatly improved while the accuracy of the evaluation result is improved, and the labor cost is reduced.
In the present example, the evaluation parameter includes a flatness index Y of the aggregate particlesiMaximum diameter D of the particlesimaxMinimum diameter D of the particlesiminThickness H of the particlesiAnd the average diameter D of the particlesimeanWherein the plane shape index Y of the aggregate particlesiIs the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis of the equivalent ellipse of the aggregate particles, i represents the ith particle in the sample; the above parameters are collected by inputting the image into IPP (English Integrated Performance preferences abbreviation of software platform function library), and the IPP compares the edge according to the imageAnalyzing and processing the edge information to obtain the parameters, wherein the plane shape index refers to the ratio of the long axis to the short axis of the equivalent ellipse of the aggregate particle image, and the equivalent ellipse of the aggregate particle image and the particle image have the same area, the same first moment and the same second moment; as shown in fig. 2, wherein the white area in fig. 2 is an image of the aggregate particles, and the ellipse of gray is an equivalent ellipse of the aggregate particles.
In the present example, in step S3, the acicular particles were evaluated according to the following method:
s3a1, solving the ratio X of the maximum diameter to the minimum diameter of the aggregate particles ii：
Figure GDA0001361581300000061
S3a2. solving the ratio X of all aggregate particlesiAnd error between plane shape indices1：
Figure GDA0001361581300000062
S3a3, calculating an error correction coefficient:
Figure GDA0001361581300000063
s3a4. calculating acicular coefficient Zi：
When sigma is1>σ′1And then: zi＝Yi+；
When sigma is1≤σ′1And then: zi＝YiWherein, σ'1To set the error threshold, generally σ'1Is 5%, that is, when the error σ is1Less than 5%, the current error can be ignored, and Z is directly madei＝Yi；
S3a5 according to the acicular coefficient ZiJudging whether the aggregate particles are acicular particles:
if 1 is less than or equal to Zi<2, the current aggregate particles are ideal particles;
if 2 is less than or equal to Zi<2.4, the current aggregate particles are needle-shaped trend particles;
if Z isiMore than or equal to 2.4, the current aggregate particles are needle-shaped particles; by the method, the acicular particles in the aggregate particles can be accurately screened out, so that the shape of the aggregate particles is ensured to meet the performance requirement of concrete; in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the ratio X is obtained before introducing the correction coefficientiThe error between the curve and the exponential curve of the plane shape is large, and the curve with large amplitude in FIG. 2 is the ratio XiAnd the curve with the smaller amplitude is a plane shape index curve, and after a correction coefficient is introduced, the two curves are basically superposed, so that the error is effectively reduced, and the accuracy of the final evaluation result is ensured.
In the present example, in step S3, the plate-like particles were evaluated according to the following method:
s3b1, calculating sheet coefficients P of aggregate particlesi：
Figure GDA0001361581300000071
S3b2. according to the sheet coefficient PiJudging whether the aggregate particles are flaky particles:
if: 0<PiLess than or equal to 0.4, and the current aggregate particles are flaky particles;
if: 0.4<PiLess than or equal to 0.5, and the current aggregate particles are flaky trend particles;
if: 0.5<PiLess than or equal to 1, and the current aggregate particles are ideal particles.
In this embodiment, a joint judgment index of the needle-shaped flaky particles is established:
the degree of acicular nature of the aggregate particles is expressed by the following formula:
Figure GDA0001361581300000081
the degree of flakiness of the aggregate particles is expressed by the following formula:
Figure GDA0001361581300000082
the degree of pin sheet shape of the aggregate particles is then expressed by the following formula:
Figure GDA0001361581300000083
wherein i represents the ith aggregate particle, when ciWhen the grain number is 0, the grain is an ideal full grain; when c is going toiWhen 1, the particles are slightly acicular or slightly flaky; when c is going toiWhen 2, the particles are slightly acicular platy particles, acicular particles or platy particles; when c is going toiWhen the grain is 3, the grain is needle-shaped plus slight flake-shaped grain or flake-shaped plus slight needle-shaped grain; when c is going toiWhen the particle is 4, the particle is a needle flake particle; and when c isiWhen the aggregate particles are not less than 2, the aggregate particles are harmful particles, in fact, in the actual aggregate particles, the aggregate particles can show both needle-shaped characteristics and sheet-shaped characteristics, and by the method, the needle-shaped and sheet-shaped particles in the aggregate particles can be accurately found out, so that the final concrete performance is ensured; in this embodiment, the value range of Zi is small, which is because the screening strictness of acicular particles is improved by this processing method, and the value range of this embodiment is the best, which not only can ensure the quality of the final screening, but also can prevent the irregularity of the final evaluation result caused by excessive value, that is, the value range is too small, which causes the aggregate particles meeting the construction requirements in the aggregate particles to be mistakenly regarded as harmful particles.
In this example, the content of harmful particles in aggregate particles was evaluated by the following method:
Figure GDA0001361581300000091
wherein α represents the content of harmful particles in the aggregate particles, VzRepresents the volume of aggregate particles; viRepresents the volume of the harmful particles, wherein:
in the definition of the harmful particle content:
Figure GDA0001361581300000092
α is the needle-like particle content of the aggregate;
mzthe mass of the platelet-shaped particles in the aggregate sample;
m is the mass of the aggregate sample;
in the prior art, harmful particles are firstly screened out by a vernier caliper method, then the harmful particle content is finally obtained by weighing the mass of the harmful particles and the total mass of a sample, and the method has the defect that large errors exist in the screening and weighing processes, namely, the inaccuracy of a final result is caused by the combined action of instrument errors and human errors.
Generally, the density of aggregate particles collected in the same aggregate collection site is substantially uniform, and on the basis of this, the volume of aggregate particles can be calculated by the following formula:
Figure GDA0001361581300000093
in the formula: viIs the volume of the ith aggregate particle;
Siis the area of the ith aggregate particle as measured by IPP;
Hiis the aggregate particle thickness value measured by IPP;
according to the mass formula of the object: m isi＝ρ×ViWhere ρ is the density of the aggregate particles, miIs the mass of the ith aggregate particle; therefore, the content of harmful particles:
Figure GDA0001361581300000101
by the method, the labor cost can be greatly reduced, the operation efficiency can be improved, and the accuracy of content evaluation can be improved.
In this embodiment, the edge information of the aggregate particle image is obtained according to the following method:
s11, establishing aggregate particlesGradient vector of image f (x, y) at pixel (x, y)
Figure GDA0001361581300000102
Figure GDA0001361581300000103
Wherein G isx(x, y) represents the first order difference of the edge points of the particles in the image in the x-direction, Gy(x, y) represents the first order difference of the edge points of the particles in the image in the y direction;
s12, calculating gradient amplitude
Figure GDA0001361581300000104
Figure GDA0001361581300000105
Wherein mag { } is a magnitude function;
s13, calculating the gradient amplitude value
Figure GDA0001361581300000106
Comparing with the set threshold value if
Figure GDA0001361581300000107
If the value is larger than the set threshold value, the pixel point (x, y) is considered as the edge point of the aggregate image, and in the invention, G is calculated through a sobel gradient operatorx(x, y) and Gy(x, y) to finally derive gradient magnitude values
Figure GDA0001361581300000108
The sobel gradient operator and the amplitude function are prior art and are not described herein.
Finally, the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all of them should be covered in the claims of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A method for evaluating harmful particles in aggregate particles, characterized by: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, collecting an aggregate particle image, and acquiring edge information of the aggregate particle image according to the collected image;
s2, obtaining evaluation parameters of harmful particles according to the edge information of the aggregate particle image;
s3, screening harmful particles and the content of the harmful particles according to the evaluation parameters of the harmful particles, wherein the harmful particles comprise acicular particles and flaky particles;
the evaluation parameters include an index of flatness Y of the aggregate particlesiMaximum diameter D of the particlesimaxMinimum diameter D of the particlesiminThickness H of the particlesiAnd the average diameter D of the particlesimeanWherein the plane shape index Y of the aggregate particlesiRefers to the ratio of the major and minor axes of the equivalent ellipse of the aggregate particles, i denotes the ith particle in the sample;
in step S3, the acicular particles were evaluated according to the following method:
s3a1, solving the ratio X of the maximum diameter to the minimum diameter of the aggregate particles ii：
Figure FDA0002486918330000011
S3a2. solving the ratio X of all aggregate particlesiAnd error between plane shape indices1：
Figure FDA0002486918330000012
S3a3, calculating an error correction coefficient:
Figure FDA0002486918330000013
s3a4. calculating acicular coefficient Zi：
When sigma is1>σ′1And then: zi＝Yi+；
When sigma is1≤σ′1And then: zi＝YiWherein, σ'1Setting an error threshold;
s3a5 according to the acicular coefficient ZiJudging whether the aggregate particles are acicular particles:
if 1 is less than or equal to Zi<2, the current aggregate particles are ideal particles;
if 2 is less than or equal to Zi<2.4, the current aggregate particles are needle-shaped trend particles;
if Z isiAnd more than or equal to 2.4, the current aggregate particles are needle-shaped particles.
2. The method of evaluating harmful particles among aggregate particles according to claim 1, wherein: in step S3, the plate-like particles were evaluated according to the following method:
s3b1, calculating sheet coefficients P of aggregate particlesi：
Figure FDA0002486918330000021
S3b2. according to the sheet coefficient PiJudging whether the aggregate particles are flaky particles:
if: 0<PiLess than or equal to 0.4, and the current aggregate particles are flaky particles;
if: 0.4<PiLess than or equal to 0.5, and the current aggregate particles are flaky trend particles;
if: 0.5<PiLess than or equal to 1, and the current aggregate particles are ideal particles.
3. The method of evaluating harmful particles among aggregate particles according to claim 2, wherein: establishing a joint judgment index of the needle flake particles:
the degree of acicular nature of the aggregate particles is expressed by the following formula:
Figure FDA0002486918330000022
the degree of flakiness of the aggregate particles is expressed by the following formula:
Figure FDA0002486918330000023
the degree of pin sheet shape of the aggregate particles is then expressed by the following formula:
Figure FDA0002486918330000031
wherein i represents the ith aggregate particle, when ciWhen the grain number is 0, the grain is an ideal full grain; when c is going toiWhen 1, the particles are slightly acicular or slightly flaky; when c is going toiWhen 2, the particles are slightly acicular platy particles, acicular particles or platy particles; when c is going toiWhen the grain is 3, the grain is needle-shaped plus slight flake-shaped grain or flake-shaped plus slight needle-shaped grain; when c is going toiWhen the particle is 4, the particle is a needle flake particle; and when c isiWhen the particle size is more than or equal to 2, the aggregate particles are harmful particles.
4. A method of evaluating harmful particles in aggregate particles according to claim 3, wherein: the content of harmful particles in the aggregate particles was evaluated by the following method:
Figure FDA0002486918330000032
wherein α represents the content of harmful particles in the aggregate particles, VzRepresents the volume of aggregate particles; viIndicating the volume of the detrimental particles.
5. The method of evaluating harmful particles among aggregate particles according to claim 1, wherein: acquiring the edge information of the aggregate particle image according to the following method:
s11, establishing gradient vectors of the aggregate particle image f (x, y) in a pixel (x, y)
Figure FDA0002486918330000033
Figure FDA0002486918330000034
Wherein G isx(x, y) represents the first order difference of the edge points of the particles in the image in the x-direction, Gy(x, y) represents the first order difference of the edge points of the particles in the image in the y direction;
s12, calculating gradient amplitude
Figure FDA0002486918330000041
Figure FDA0002486918330000042
Wherein mag { } is a magnitude function;
s13, calculating the gradient amplitude value
Figure FDA0002486918330000043
Comparing with the set threshold value if
Figure FDA0002486918330000044
And if the pixel point (x, y) is larger than the set threshold value, the pixel point (x, y) is considered as the edge point of the aggregate image.
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