CN107194033B - Method for calculating petroleum leakage evaporation capacity in open environment - Google Patents

Method for calculating petroleum leakage evaporation capacity in open environment Download PDF

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CN107194033B
CN107194033B CN201710265045.5A CN201710265045A CN107194033B CN 107194033 B CN107194033 B CN 107194033B CN 201710265045 A CN201710265045 A CN 201710265045A CN 107194033 B CN107194033 B CN 107194033B
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陈志莉
刘强
刘洪涛
尹文琦
杨毅
彭靖棠
夏亚浩
孙荣基
郑涛杰
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Logistical Engineering University of PLA
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Abstract

The invention provides a method for calculating petroleum leakage evaporation capacity in an open environment, which comprises the following steps: s1, establishing petroleum evaporation model conditions, and completing parameter setting; s2, performing optimization calculation through a genetic algorithm, and calculating petroleum evaporation parameters; and S3, forming a continuity equation, a momentum equation and a multiphase flow equation, and finally forming an evaporation model. Aiming at the characteristics of petroleum leakage evaporation in an open environment, the petroleum evaporation process is simplified, and compared with the existing widely-applied analytical method model, the constructed evaporation model better conforms to the petroleum evaporation mechanism, and has high precision and few model parameters.

Description

Method for calculating petroleum leakage evaporation capacity in open environment
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of computers, in particular to a method for calculating petroleum leakage evaporation capacity in an open environment.
Background
When leakage accidents happen to petroleum during storage and transportation, oil products expand on the ground or on the sea surface to form an oil pool. The oil pool can evaporate oil vapor to the environment continuously in the leakage process, and the oil vapor can threaten peripheral facilities and personnel after reaching a certain concentration. The accurate calculation of the amount of oil evaporated to the external environment is of great significance to the emergency plan formulation of oil leakage accidents and the evaluation after accidents and disasters.
At present, petroleum evaporation models at home and abroad are mainly divided into an analytical method and a quasi-component method.
1. And (4) an analytical method. The analytical method is the most common method for calculating the evaporation of petroleum at present, and the method regards petroleum as single-component oil products and establishes the empirical relationship between the evaporation rate of the oil products and the wind speed, the oil film area and the vapor pressure. The usual calculation:
Km＝0.292U0.78X-0.11Sc-0.67 (1)
km is mass transfer coefficient, and the unit is mass per unit time; x is a parameter of the diameter or the evaporation area of the evaporation pool; sc was found to be 2.7, which is the Schmidt number of cumene.
In the prior art, the formula (2) which has more general significance and is provided on the basis of the research of the formula (1) is the most widely applied oil product evaporation calculation formula at present.
Figure BDA0001275806610000011
Wherein F is the evaporation volume fraction T0TG, A and B are constants derived from the distillation curve, and k is the evaporation mass transfer coefficient (m/s); h is the oil film thickness.
In addition, the petroleum evaporation calculation formula (3) is also proposed through a large number of petroleum evaporation experimental studies.
Percent evaporation ═ 0.165 (% D) +0.045(T-15) ] ln (T) (3)
Wherein% D is the weight percentage of petroleum distilled at the temperature of 180 ℃; t is the temperature; t is time.
2. Quasi-component method. The quasi-component method regards petroleum as a mixed liquid composed of a plurality of hydrocarbon components, and the total evaporation capacity of oil gas is the sum of the evaporation capacities of the components. The evaporation capacity of oil gas of each component can be calculated by combining Raoult law, so that the total evaporation capacity can be calculated.
In general, the quasi-component method has higher accuracy, but the method needs to measure the oil composition and obtain the evaporation parameters of each component, and is not commonly used in actual calculation. The analytical method needs fewer measurement parameters and is convenient to use, so that the analytical method is widely applied to various petroleum evaporation calculations. However, although the analysis method is convenient for modeling, the petroleum is not practical when being regarded as a single-component substance, and the evaporation characteristics of different oils are greatly different. The components of the same oil product are continuously changed in the evaporation process, the light components in the early stage are evaporated more quickly, and the heavy components in the later stage are not easy to evaporate, so that the evaporation rate of the oil product is increased first and then decreased.
The above calculation method cannot accurately calculate the evaporation capacity of the oil product, and it is therefore necessary for those skilled in the art to solve the corresponding technical problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to at least solve the technical problems in the prior art, and particularly provides a method for calculating the evaporation capacity of oil leakage in an open environment.
In order to achieve the above object of the present invention, the present invention provides a method for calculating an evaporation amount of oil leakage in an open environment, comprising the steps of:
s1, establishing petroleum evaporation model conditions, and completing parameter setting;
s2, performing optimization calculation through a genetic algorithm, and calculating petroleum evaporation parameters;
and S3, forming a continuity equation, a momentum equation and a multiphase flow equation, and finally forming an evaporation model.
In the method for calculating an evaporation amount of oil leakage in an open environment, preferably, the S1 includes:
three point assumptions are presented.
S1-1, the influence of temperature change is not considered in the leakage process, and the physical property of the oil product is constant;
s1-2, simplifying petroleum into three components, representing three components with different evaporativity, wherein the saturated vapor pressure and the evaporation coefficient of each component are different;
and S1-3, not considering the flow caused by density difference of each component of the petroleum, only considering the diffusion caused by concentration difference, and uniformly mixing each component in the petroleum at the initial moment.
In the method for calculating an evaporation amount of oil leakage in an open environment, preferably, the S2 includes:
s2-1, obtaining the mass transformation of the liquid phase in the unit body in unit time:
Figure BDA0001275806610000031
the 3-th grouping representing assumptions instead of oil;
wherein, A is the area of the oil-gas interface in the calculation unit, and the calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0001275806610000032
s2-2, using the formula
Figure BDA0001275806610000033
Figure BDA0001275806610000034
The differential equation set of the petroleum oil evaporation system is used for compiling a differential algorithm, so that the evaporation m of petroleum oil along with time can be calculated after the determined model parameters are input;
s2-3, recording the change of the oil quality to m along with the timejJ is the measurement time instant;
s2-4, establishing an optimization model for calculating petroleum evaporation parameters in terms of mjThe error of m is an optimization objective function Z, and a corresponding constraint condition is provided, wherein a specific calculation formula is as follows;
target function Z ═ f (m)10,m20,m30,K1,K2,K3)；
Constraint conditions
Figure BDA0001275806610000041
i represents the oil component and has a value of 1 to 3
And S2-5, performing optimization calculation on the optimization model by using a genetic algorithm to obtain evaporation model parameters.
In the method for calculating an evaporation amount of oil leakage in an open environment, preferably, the S3 includes:
calculating to obtain evaporation model parameters to obtain a petroleum leakage evaporation quantity calculation model,
the CFD multiphase flow (VOF) model equation for basic oil evaporation application is as follows:
Figure BDA0001275806610000042
the density of the oil product is:
Figure BDA0001275806610000043
continuity equation:
Figure BDA0001275806610000044
rho is the density of the oil product,
Figure BDA0001275806610000045
in order to be the velocity of the fluid flow,
Figure BDA0001275806610000046
the viscosity stress of the oil product, g is the gravity acceleration and t is the time; wherein u isxIs the speed u in the X-axis directionyIs the speed u in the Y-axis directionzIs the speed in the Z-axis direction;
the momentum equation:
Figure BDA0001275806610000047
wherein tau isxiIs the viscous stress of the X-axis oil, τyiIs the viscous stress of the Y-axis oil product, tauziIs the viscous stress of the Z-axis oil, fiIs an external force applied to the fluid;
VOF multiphase flow equation:
Figure BDA0001275806610000051
wherein
Figure BDA0001275806610000052
As the fluid flow velocity, pqThe evaporation density of the oil product;
the improved equation:
the mass of the liquid phase in the unit body in unit time is converted into:
Figure BDA0001275806610000053
Kithe comprehensive evaporation mass transfer coefficient of each component of the oil product is kg/(m)2·s)；
Continuity equation:
Figure BDA0001275806610000054
VOF multiphase flow equation:
Figure BDA0001275806610000055
wherein VcellIs the volume m of the cell calculated in the CFD method3。
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
aiming at the characteristics of petroleum leakage in an open environment, the model simplifies more than one hundred components of petroleum into three components, and calculates the evaporation capacity of each component by combining the Raoult law to finally obtain the total evaporation capacity of the petroleum. Unknown parameters in the model comprise the amount of three components at the initial moment and the evaporation mass transfer coefficient of each component, and the parameter values are determined according to petroleum evaporation experimental data. The calculation method comprises the steps of constructing a parameter optimization problem by using the evaporation model and petroleum evaporation experimental data, and solving and calculating the optimization problem by using a genetic algorithm to finally obtain petroleum evaporation model parameters. The petroleum evaporation model provided by the invention has few and easily-obtained parameters, and is suitable for a plurality of petroleum products such as gasoline, diesel oil, crude oil and the like through a plurality of literature experimental data verification.
(1) Aiming at the characteristics of petroleum leakage evaporation in an open environment, the petroleum evaporation process is simplified, and compared with the existing widely-applied analytical method model, the constructed evaporation model better conforms to the petroleum evaporation mechanism, and has high precision and few model parameters.
(2) And calculating to obtain evaporation model parameters according to evaporation experimental data of petroleum in a simulated open leakage environment. The model parameter calculation method is simple and can be applied to various oil products such as gasoline, diesel oil and the like.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
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The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the calculation of parameters of the oil vaporization model of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the calculated residuals when the present invention utilizes a genetic algorithm to solve for gasoline vaporization model parameters;
FIG. 3 is a comparison graph of the calculation results of the evaporation model proposed by the present invention and the calculation values and experimental values of the evaporation model proposed in the literature;
FIG. 4 is a graph comparing the results of the evaporation model calculations with experimental values according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a parameter diagram of various oil evaporation models.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative only for the purpose of explaining the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used merely for convenience of description and for simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified and limited, it is to be noted that the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be interpreted broadly, and may be, for example, a mechanical connection or an electrical connection, a communication between two elements, a direct connection, or an indirect connection via an intermediate medium, and specific meanings of the terms may be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
As shown in FIG. 1, the invention provides a real-time evaporation calculation model for oil leakage, which effectively combines a quasi-component method and an analysis method, and has few parameters and high accuracy. The model has the great advantages that the CFD equation can be corrected, and by combining with the multi-phase flow models such as VOF and Mixture, real-time simulation calculation of oil leakage flow, oil evaporation and oil gas diffusion is realized, and simulation calculation of the whole process after oil leakage is realized.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
firstly, an oil evaporation model:
three assumptions are provided for the properties of petroleum and the leakage characteristics of the petroleum.
(1) The influence of temperature change is not considered in the leakage process, and the physical property of the oil product is constant;
(2) the petroleum is simplified into three components which represent three components with different evaporativity, and the saturated vapor pressure and the evaporation coefficient of each component are different;
(3) the flow caused by density difference is not considered for each component of the petroleum, only the diffusion caused by concentration difference is considered, and each component in the petroleum is uniformly mixed at the initial moment.
According to the mass transfer law, the evaporation control equation of each component can be described as follows:
Figure BDA0001275806610000071
Figure BDA0001275806610000072
Figure BDA0001275806610000081
in the formula: m is1、m2、m3The mass of each component in the oil evaporation liquid surface micro element is kg; k is a radical of1、k2、k3The evaporation mass transfer coefficient of each component of the oil product is kg.m/(mol.s); a is the oil product area in the micro-element of the oil product evaporation liquid surface, m2；csatC is the saturated molar concentration of each component of the oil gas and the actual molar concentration in the boundary layer of the oil gas concentration, mol/m3。
The research aiming at the petroleum evaporation mechanism shows that the petroleum evaporation and the evaporation mechanism of single-component substances are different, the evaporation process is not controlled by the evaporation of a boundary layer, and the evaporation resistance mainly comes from the liquid phase resistance. Based on the conclusion, the comprehensive evaporation mass transfer coefficient K is utilized to replace K (c)satAnd c), the formulas (4) to (6) can be simplified into the formulas (7) to (9).
Figure BDA0001275806610000082
Figure BDA0001275806610000083
Figure BDA0001275806610000084
The formulas (7) to (9) have a plurality of unknown parameters, and the parameter values depend on the oil product, and are characterized in that the three assumed components are not actual three components in the oil, but three assumed components for the calculation of evaporation are used for replacing hundreds of components in the oil.
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is a powerful tool for optimizing, amplifying and quantitatively designing process devices, and the principle is that a numerical method is used for solving nonlinear simultaneous mass, energy, components, momentum and a self-defined differential equation system of scalar quantities, and the solved result can forecast details of processes such as flow, heat transfer, mass transfer, combustion and the like. The model provided by the patent can be written into a CFD equation, and a multiphase flow model in CFD is improved, so that simultaneous calculation and solution of oil leakage flow and oil gas evaporation diffusion can be realized.
The CFD multiphase flow (VOF) model equation for basic oil evaporation application is as follows:
1. continuity equation:
Figure BDA0001275806610000091
Figure BDA0001275806610000092
2. the momentum equation:
Figure BDA0001275806610000093
VOF equation:
Figure BDA0001275806610000094
wherein:
Figure BDA0001275806610000095
rho is the density of the oil product,
Figure BDA0001275806610000096
in order to be the speed of the vehicle,
Figure BDA0001275806610000097
is the viscous stress of the oil, and g is the acceleration of gravity.
The improved equation:
according to the patent, the mass transformation of the liquid phase in the unit body in unit time can be obtained by a model:
Figure BDA0001275806610000098
the 3-th grouping representing assumptions instead of oil;
wherein, A is the area of the oil-gas interface in the calculation unit, and the calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0001275806610000099
1. for the continuity equation:
Figure BDA0001275806610000101
2. for the momentum equation:
without correction
3. For the VOF equation:
Figure BDA0001275806610000102
second, petroleum evaporation model parameter calculation method
A method for determining oil product parameters based on a genetic algorithm is provided, which comprises the following specific processes:
(1) and (3) writing a difference algorithm program by using the differential equation sets of the formulas (7) to (9), and calculating the evaporation m of the petroleum along with the time after inputting the determined model parameters.
(2) Taking a small amount of oil samples to perform evaporation experiments in a simulated open leakage environment, and recording the change of the oil quality to m with timejAnd j is the measurement time instant.
(3) Establishing an optimization model of petroleum evaporation parameter calculation in mjThe error of m is the optimization objective function Z, and the corresponding constraint condition is proposed, and the specific calculation formula is as follows.
Target function Z ═ f (m)10,m20,m30,K1,K2,K3) (10)
Constraint conditions
Figure BDA0001275806610000103
i represents the oil component and has a value of 1 to 3
(4) And (4) performing optimization calculation on the optimization model in the step (3) by using a genetic algorithm to obtain evaporation model parameters.
And obtaining a petroleum leakage evaporation amount calculation model after calculating evaporation model parameters.
FIG. 2 is a graph of the calculated residuals when the present invention utilizes a genetic algorithm to solve for gasoline vaporization model parameters;
FIG. 3 is a comparison graph of the calculation results of the evaporation model proposed by the present invention and the calculation values and experimental values of the evaporation model proposed in the literature;
FIG. 4 is a graph comparing the results of the evaporation model calculations with experimental values according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a parameter diagram of various oil evaporation models.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
While embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims (2)

1. A method for calculating the evaporation capacity of oil leakage in an open environment is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, establishing petroleum evaporation model conditions, and completing parameter setting;
three assumptions are made:
s1-1, the influence of temperature change is not considered in the leakage process, and the physical property of the oil product is constant;
s1-2, simplifying petroleum into three components, representing three components with different evaporativity, wherein the saturated vapor pressure and the evaporation coefficient of each component are different;
s1-3, not considering the flow caused by density difference, only considering the diffusion caused by concentration difference, and uniformly mixing all the components in the oil product at the initial moment;
s2, performing optimization calculation through a genetic algorithm, and calculating petroleum evaporation parameters;
s2-1, obtaining the mass transformation of the liquid phase in the unit body in unit time:
Figure FDA0002653159190000011
3 groupings representing assumptions to replace oil products;
Kiis the comprehensive evaporation mass transfer coefficient of each component of the oil product, miRepresenting the mass of the ith component in the oil evaporation liquid surface infinitesimal body;
wherein, A is the area of the oil-gas interface in the calculation unit, and the calculation formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0002653159190000012
αqCFD multiphase flow (VOF) model equation, V, representing oil evaporation applicationscellIs the volume, m, of the cell calculated in the CFD method3；
S2-2, using the formula
Figure FDA0002653159190000013
Figure FDA0002653159190000014
The differential equation set of the petroleum oil evaporation system is used for compiling a differential algorithm, so that the evaporation m of petroleum oil along with time can be calculated after the determined model parameters are input;
m1、m2、m3the mass of each component in the oil evaporation liquid surface micro element is kg; k1、K2、K3The comprehensive evaporation mass transfer coefficient of each component of the oil product;
s2-3, recording the change of the oil quality to m along with the timejJ is the measurement time instant;
s2-4, establishing an optimization model for calculating petroleum evaporation parameters in terms of mjThe error from m is an optimization objective function Z, and a corresponding constraint condition is proposed, and the specific calculation formula is as follows:
target function Z ═ f (m)10，m20，m30，K1，K2，K3，)；
Constraint conditions
Figure FDA0002653159190000021
i represents the oil component and has a value of 1-3; k1、K2、K3The comprehensive evaporation mass transfer coefficient of each component of the oil product;
s2-5, optimizing and calculating the optimization model by using a genetic algorithm to obtain evaporation model parameters
And S3, forming a continuity equation, a momentum equation and a multiphase flow equation, and finally forming an evaporation model.
2. The method for calculating an oil spill evaporation amount in an open environment according to claim 1, wherein said S3 includes:
calculating to obtain evaporation model parameters to obtain a petroleum leakage evaporation quantity calculation model,
CFD multiphase flow for basic oil evaporation(VOF) model equation αqComprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0002653159190000022
the density of the oil product is:
Figure FDA0002653159190000023
representing a hypothetical 3 groupings to replace the oil, miRepresents the mass of the ith component in the infinitesimal body of the evaporation liquid surface of the oil product, VcellIs the volume, m, of the cell calculated in the CFD method3；
Continuity equation:
Figure FDA0002653159190000024
rho is the density of the oil product, and t is the time; wherein u isxIs the speed u in the X-axis directionyIs the speed u in the Y-axis directionzIs the speed in the Z-axis direction;
the momentum equation:
Figure FDA0002653159190000025
wherein, tauxiIs the viscous stress of the X-axis oil, τyiIs the viscous stress of the Y-axis oil product, tauziIs the viscous stress of the Z-axis oil, fiThe external force applied to the fluid;
Figure FDA0002653159190000031
is the fluid flow velocity;
VOF multiphase flow equation:
Figure FDA0002653159190000032
wherein
Figure FDA0002653159190000033
Is a streamBulk flow velocity, ρqThe evaporation density of the oil product;
the improved equation:
the mass of the liquid phase in the unit body in unit time is converted into:
Figure FDA0002653159190000034
Kithe comprehensive evaporation mass transfer coefficient of each component of the oil product is kg/(m)2·s)；miExpressing the mass of the ith component in the oil evaporation liquid surface infinitesimal body, namely Kg;
continuity equation:
Figure FDA0002653159190000035
VOF multiphase flow equation:
Figure FDA0002653159190000036
wherein, VcellIs the volume, m, of the cell calculated in the CFD method3，αqA CFD multiphase flow (VOF) model equation for petroleum evaporation applications is presented.
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