CN107194033A - It is a kind of to leak evaporation capacity computational methods in open environment petrochina - Google Patents
It is a kind of to leak evaporation capacity computational methods in open environment petrochina Download PDFInfo
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- CN107194033A CN107194033A CN201710265045.5A CN201710265045A CN107194033A CN 107194033 A CN107194033 A CN 107194033A CN 201710265045 A CN201710265045 A CN 201710265045A CN 107194033 A CN107194033 A CN 107194033A
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Abstract
The present invention proposes one kind and leaks evaporation capacity computational methods in open environment petrochina, comprises the following steps：S1, sets up oil evaporation model condition, parameter setting is completed；S2, calculating is optimized by genetic algorithm, and oil vaporous parameter is calculated；S3, forms continuity equation, the equation of momentum and multiphase flow equation, ultimately forms evaporation model.Feature is evaporated for open environment Oil spills, oil evaporation process is simplified, constructed evaporation model more conforms to oil evaporation mechanism than the analytic approach model being widely used at present, and precision is high and model parameter is few.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to computer realm, more particularly to one kind evaporation capacity computational methods are leaked in open environment petrochina.
Background technology
Oil is when leakage accident occurs for storage and transportation, and oil product extends on ground or sea forms oil sump.Oil
Pond can constantly evaporate oil vapour in leakage process into environment, and oil vapour reaches facility of the meeting to periphery after finite concentration
Threatened with personnel.Accurately calculating is evaporated to oil and gas content in external environment and Oil spills emergency plan for accidents formulated and thing
Therefore evaluated after calamity significant.
Two kinds of analytic approach and quasi- component method are broadly divided into oil evaporation model both at home and abroad at present.
1. analytic approach.Analytic approach is that the current oil that calculates evaporates most common method, and oil is considered as one pack system by this method
Oil product, the empirical relation set up between oil evaporation speed and wind speed, film area, vapour pressure.Conventional calculating formula：
Km=0.292U0.78X-0.11Sc-0.67 (1)
Km is coefficient of mass transfer in formula, and unit is the mass per unit time；X is big for the diameter or disengagement area of evaporation tank
Small parameter；Sc values are 2.7, and this is the Schmidt numbers of isopropylbenzene.
In the prior art, the formula (2) with more general meaning proposed on the basis of formula (1) research, is currently application
Widest oil evaporation calculation formula.
In formula:F is evaporated volume fraction:T0TG, A, B are the constant derived from distillation curve:K is that evaporative mass migrates system
Number (m/s)；H is oil film thickness.
In addition, studied by bulk petroleum evaporation experiment it is also proposed that oil Evaporation calculation formula (3).
Vaporization=[0.165 (%D)+0.045 (T-15)] ln (t) (3)
%D is the percentage by weight that oil distills at a temperature of 180 DEG C in formula；T is temperature；T is the time.
2. quasi- component method.Oil is considered as the mixing liquid of a variety of hydrocarbon component compositions, total oil gas evaporation by quasi- component method
Amount is each component evaporation capacity sum.The amount of evaporation of oil gas of each component can be calculated with reference to Raoult laws, it is total so as to calculate
Evaporation capacity.
In general, quasi- component method accuracy is high, but needs to determine oil product composition and obtain each component vaporous parameter, real
Border calculate in and be of little use.And location parameter needed for analytic approach is less, it is easy to use, thus the quilt in all kinds of oil Evaporation calculations
It is widely used.But although analytic approach modeling is convenient, oil is considered as one-component material and does not meet reality, and different oil products steam
Send out characteristic difference larger.Same oil product component in evaporation process is also constantly changing, in early stage light components evaporation compared with
Fast and later stage remaining heavy component is then difficult evaporation, so as to cause oil evaporation speed also first quick and back slow.
Above-mentioned computational methods can not accurately calculate oil evaporation amount, and this just needs those skilled in the art badly and solved accordingly
Technical problem.
The content of the invention
It is contemplated that at least solving technical problem present in prior art, one kind is especially innovatively proposed open
Environment petrochina leaks evaporation capacity computational methods.
In order to realize the above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, the invention provides one kind in open environment petrochina leakage evaporation gauge
Calculation method, comprises the following steps：
S1, sets up oil evaporation model condition, parameter setting is completed；
S2, calculating is optimized by genetic algorithm, and oil vaporous parameter is calculated；
S3, forms continuity equation, the equation of momentum and multiphase flow equation, ultimately forms evaporation model.
Described leaks evaporation capacity computational methods in open environment petrochina, it is preferred that the S1 includes：
Propose 3 points of hypothesis.
The influence of temperature change is not considered in S1-1, leakage process, oil quality characteristic is constant；
S1-2, three kinds of components are reduced to by oil, represent three kinds of different components of vapo(u)rability, the saturated vapor of every kind of component
Pressure and evaporation coefficient are differed；
S1-3, oil each component does not consider flowing caused by density variation, only considers to spread caused by concentration difference, and just
Each component is well mixed in beginning moment oil product.
Described leaks evaporation capacity computational methods in open environment petrochina, it is preferred that the S2 includes：
S2-1, obtains in the unit interval that liquid phase quality is transformed in cell cube：
It is grouped to replace oil product in representing assume 3；
Wherein, A is the area of the interface of oil and gas in computing unit, and its calculating formula is：
S2-2, utilizes formula Differential equation group, write difference algorithm, realize the model parameter determined when input
Afterwards, evaporation capacity m of the oil with the time can be calculated；
S2-3, record oil quality is changed over time as mj, j is the time of measuring moment；
S2-4, sets up the Optimized model of oil vaporous parameter calculating, with mjError with m is optimization object function Z, and is carried
Go out corresponding constraints, specific calculating formula is as follows；
Object function Z=f (m10,m20,m30,K1,K2,K3)；
Constraints
I represents oil product component, is worth for 1-3
S2-5, calculating is optimized to Optimized model using genetic algorithm, obtains evaporation model parameter.
Described leaks evaporation capacity computational methods in open environment petrochina, it is preferred that the S3 includes：
Calculating obtains obtaining Oil spills evaporation capacity computation model after evaporation model parameter,
Basic oil evaporation with CFD multiphase flows (VOF) model equation be：
Oil density is：
Continuity equation：
ρ is oil density,For fluid-flow rate,It is viscous for oil product
Property stress, g is acceleration of gravity, and t is the time；Wherein uxFor X-direction speed, uyFor Y direction speed, uzFor Z-direction speed
Degree；
The equation of momentum：
Wherein τxiFor X-axis oil product viscous stress, τyi
For Y-axis oil product viscous stress, τziFor Z axis oil product viscous stress, fiFor the external force suffered by fluid；
VOF multiphase flow equations：
WhereinFor fluid-flow rate, ρqFor oil evaporation density；
Equation after improvement：
Liquid phase quality is transformed in cell cube in unit interval：
KiFor the comprehensive evaporation mass tranfer coefficient of oil product each component, kg/ (m2·s)；
Continuity equation：
VOF multiphase flow equations：
Wherein VcellIt is the volume m of computing unit cell in CFD approach3。
In summary, by adopting the above-described technical solution, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
The model is directed to open environment Oil spills feature, and hundreds of component of oil is reduced into three kinds of components, with reference to
Raoult's law calculates each component evaporation capacity, finally gives oil total evaporation.Unknown parameter includes initial time three in model
The amount of component and the evaporation mass tranfer coefficient of each component are planted, the determination of parameter value is obtained by oil evaporation experiment data.Its calculating side
Method is parameter optimization problems to be built using evaporation model and oil evaporation experiment data, using genetic algorithm to optimization problem
Solution calculating is carried out, oil evaporation model parameter is finally given.Oil evaporation model parameter proposed by the present invention it is few and it is easy obtain,
By multiple document experiment data verifications, the model is applied to multiple oil products such as gasoline, diesel oil, crude oil.
(1) feature is evaporated for open environment Oil spills, oil evaporation process is simplified, constructed evaporation
Model more conforms to oil evaporation mechanism than the analytic approach model being widely used at present, and precision is high and model parameter is few.
(2) the evaporation experiment data by oil in the case where simulating open leakage environment, you can calculating obtains evaporation model ginseng
Number.Model parameter calculation method is simple, can be applied to the oil products such as gasoline, diesel oil.
The additional aspect and advantage of the present invention will be set forth in part in the description, and will partly become from the following description
Obtain substantially, or recognized by the practice of the present invention.
Brief description of the drawings
The above-mentioned and/or additional aspect and advantage of the present invention will become from description of the accompanying drawings below to embodiment is combined
Substantially and be readily appreciated that, wherein：
Fig. 1 is oil evaporation model parameter calculation flow chart of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is that the present invention utilizes calculating residual plot during genetic algorithm for solving gasoline evaporation model parameter；
Fig. 3 is evaporation model result of calculation proposed by the present invention and the evaporation model calculated value, the experiment value that are proposed in document
Comparison diagram；
Fig. 4 is evaporation model result of calculation of the present invention and experiment value comparison diagram；
All kinds of oil evaporation model parameter figures of Fig. 5.
Embodiment
Embodiments of the invention are described below in detail, the example of the embodiment is shown in the drawings, wherein from beginning to end
Same or similar label represents same or similar element or the element with same or like function.Below with reference to attached
The embodiment of figure description is exemplary, is only used for explaining the present invention, and is not considered as limiting the invention.
In the description of the invention, it is to be understood that term " longitudinal direction ", " transverse direction ", " on ", " under ", "front", "rear",
The orientation or position relationship of the instruction such as "left", "right", " vertical ", " level ", " top ", " bottom " " interior ", " outer " is based on accompanying drawing institutes
The orientation or position relationship shown, is for only for ease of the description present invention and simplifies description, rather than indicate or imply signified dress
Put or element there must be specific orientation, with specific azimuth configuration and operation, therefore it is not intended that to the limit of the present invention
System.
In the description of the invention, unless otherwise prescribed with limit, it is necessary to explanation, term " installation ", " connected ",
" connection " should be interpreted broadly, for example, it may be mechanically connect or electrical connection or the connection of two element internals, can
To be to be joined directly together, it can also be indirectly connected to by intermediary, for the ordinary skill in the art, can basis
Concrete condition understands the concrete meaning of above-mentioned term.
As shown in figure 1, the invention provides a kind of real-time evaporation capacity computation model of Oil spills, being effectively combined quasi- group
Point-score and analytic approach, parameter is few and the degree of accuracy is high.The big advantage of model one is that CFD equations can be modified, with reference to VOF,
The multiphase flow models such as Mixture, realize to Oil spills flowing, oil evaporation, oil-gas diffusion real-time simulated animation, realize stone
The simulation calculation of overall process after oil leakage.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is as follows：
First, oil evaporation model：
For oil nature and its leakage feature, 3 points of hypothesis are proposed.
(1) influence of temperature change is not considered in leakage process, oil quality characteristic is constant；
(2) oil is reduced to three kinds of components, represents three kinds of different components of vapo(u)rability, the saturated vapor pressure of every kind of component
Differed with evaporation coefficient；
(3) oil each component does not consider flowing caused by density variation, only considers to spread caused by concentration difference, and initially
Each component is well mixed in moment oil product.
According to mass transfer law, show that each component evaporation control equation can be described as：
In formula：m1、m2、m3For the quality of each component in oil evaporation liquid level micro unit, kg；k1、k2、k3For oil product each component
Evaporation mass tranfer coefficient, kgm/ (mols)；A is oil product area, m in oil evaporation liquid level micro unit2；csat, c be oil gas
Actual molar concentration, mol/m in each component saturation molar concentration and gas concentration boundary layer3。
Show that oil evaporation is differed with single-component substance evaporation mechanism, and it evaporates for oil evaporation study mechanism
Process is not by boundary layer evaporation control, and the resistance of evaporation is mainly derived from liquid phase resistance.Based on conclusions, comprehensive evaporation is utilized
Mass tranfer coefficient K replaces k (csat- c), formula (7)-(9) can be reduced in formula (4)-(6).
There are multiple unknown parameters in formula (7)-(9), and the size of parameter value depends on oil product itself, and its feature is the assumption that
Three kinds of components be not actual three kinds of components in oil, but three kinds of components assumed for ease of Evaporation calculation are used for
Instead of hundreds of component in oil.
Fluid Mechanics Computation (CFD), principle is with the quality of Numerical Methods Solve non-linear simultaneous, energy, component, momentum
With the differential equation group of customized scalar, the details of the process such as solving result can forecast to flow, conduct heat, mass transfer, burning, and into
Optimize the powerful designed with amplification of quantitative for process apparatus.The model that this patent is proposed can write CFD equations, to CFD
In multiphase flow model be improved, so as to by oil product leakage flowing with oil gas evaporation diffusion simultaneous calculate solve.
Basic oil evaporation with CFD multiphase flows (VOF) model equation be：
1. continuity equation：
2. the equation of momentum：
3.VOF equations：
Wherein：
ρ is oil density,For speed,For oil product viscous stress, g is acceleration of gravity.
Equation after improvement：
Propose that model can obtain in the unit interval that liquid phase quality is transformed in cell cube according to patent：
It is grouped to replace oil product in representing assume 3；
Wherein, A is the area of the interface of oil and gas in computing unit, and its calculating formula is：
1. pair continuity equation：
2. pair equation of momentum：
Without amendment
3. pair VOF equations：
2nd, oil evaporation model calculation method of parameters
A kind of method that oil product parameter is determined based on genetic algorithm is proposed, detailed process is as follows：
(1) using the differential equation group of formula (7)-(9), difference algorithm program is write, the model ginseng determined when input is realized
After number, evaporation capacity m of the oil with the time can be calculated.
(2) take a small amount of oil product sample to do evaporation experiment in open leakage environment is simulated, record oil quality anaplasia at any time
Turn to mj, j is the time of measuring moment.
(3) Optimized model of oil vaporous parameter calculating is set up, with mjError with m is optimization object function Z, and is proposed
Corresponding constraints, specific calculating formula is as follows.
Object function Z=f (m10,m20,m30,K1,K2,K3) (10)
Constraints
I represents oil product component, is worth for 1-3
(4) calculating is optimized to Optimized model in (3) using genetic algorithm, obtains evaporation model parameter.
Calculating obtains can obtain Oil spills evaporation capacity computation model after evaporation model parameter.
Fig. 2 is that the present invention utilizes calculating residual plot during genetic algorithm for solving gasoline evaporation model parameter；
Fig. 3 is evaporation model result of calculation proposed by the present invention and the evaporation model calculated value, the experiment value that are proposed in document
Comparison diagram；
Fig. 4 is evaporation model result of calculation of the present invention and experiment value comparison diagram；
All kinds of oil evaporation model parameter figures of Fig. 5.
In the description of this specification, reference term " one embodiment ", " some embodiments ", " example ", " specifically show
The description of example " or " some examples " etc. means to combine specific features, structure, material or the spy that the embodiment or example are described
Point is contained at least one embodiment of the present invention or example.In this manual, to the schematic representation of above-mentioned term not
Necessarily refer to identical embodiment or example.Moreover, specific features, structure, material or the feature of description can be any
One or more embodiments or example in combine in an appropriate manner.
Although an embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that：Not
In the case of departing from the principle and objective of the present invention a variety of change, modification, replacement and modification can be carried out to these embodiments, this
The scope of invention is limited by claim and its equivalent.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of leak evaporation capacity computational methods in open environment petrochina, it is characterised in that comprises the following steps：
S1, sets up oil evaporation model condition, parameter setting is completed；
S2, calculating is optimized by genetic algorithm, and oil vaporous parameter is calculated；
S3, forms continuity equation, the equation of momentum and multiphase flow equation, ultimately forms evaporation model.
2. according to claim 1 leak evaporation capacity computational methods in open environment petrochina, it is characterised in that the S1
Including：
Propose 3 points of hypothesis；
The influence of temperature change is not considered in S1-1, leakage process, oil quality characteristic is constant；
S1-2, three kinds of components are reduced to by oil, represent three kinds of different components of vapo(u)rability, the saturated vapor pressure of every kind of component and
Evaporation coefficient is differed；
S1-3, oil each component does not consider flowing caused by density variation, only considers to spread caused by concentration difference, and when initial
Each component in oil product is carved to be well mixed.
3. according to claim 1 leak evaporation capacity computational methods in open environment petrochina, it is characterised in that the S2
Including：
S2-1, obtains in the unit interval that liquid phase quality is transformed in cell cube：
It is grouped to replace oil product in representing assume 3；
Wherein, A is the area of the interface of oil and gas in computing unit, and its calculating formula is：
<mrow>
<mi>A</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>&dtri;</mo>
<msub>
<mi>&alpha;</mi>
<mi>q</mi>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>&CenterDot;</mo>
<msub>
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<mi>c</mi>
<mi>e</mi>
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</mrow>
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<mo>;</mo>
</mrow>
S2-2, utilizes formula Differential equation group, write difference algorithm, realize the model parameter determined when input
Afterwards, evaporation capacity m of the oil with the time can be calculated；
S2-3, record oil quality is changed over time as mj, j is the time of measuring moment；
S2-4, sets up the Optimized model of oil vaporous parameter calculating, with mjError with m is optimization object function Z, and proposes phase
The constraints answered, specific calculating formula is as follows；
Object function Z=f (m10,m20,m30,K1,K2,K3)；
Constraints
I represents oil product component, is worth for 1-3
S2-5, calculating is optimized to Optimized model using genetic algorithm, obtains evaporation model parameter.
4. according to claim 1 leak evaporation capacity computational methods in open environment petrochina, it is characterised in that the S3
Including：
Calculating obtains obtaining Oil spills evaporation capacity computation model after evaporation model parameter,
Basic oil evaporation with CFD multiphase flows (VOF) model equation be：
Oil density is：
Continuity equation：
ρ is oil density,For fluid-flow rate,Should for oil product viscosity
Power, g is acceleration of gravity, and t is the time；Wherein uxFor X-direction speed, uyFor Y direction speed, uzFor Z-direction speed；
The equation of momentum：
Wherein τxiFor X-axis oil product viscous stress, τyiFor Y-axis
Oil product viscous stress, τziFor Z axis oil product viscous stress, fiFor the external force suffered by fluid；
VOF multiphase flow equations：
WhereinFor fluid-flow rate, ρqFor oil evaporation density；
Equation after improvement：
Liquid phase quality is transformed in cell cube in unit interval：
KiFor the comprehensive evaporation mass tranfer coefficient of oil product each component, kg/ (m2·s)；
Continuity equation：
<mrow>
<mi>&rho;</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi>&Sigma;</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>m</mi>
<mi>i</mi>
</msub>
<mo>-</mo>
<msub>
<mover>
<mi>m</mi>
<mo>&CenterDot;</mo>
</mover>
<mi>i</mi>
</msub>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<msub>
<mi>V</mi>
<mrow>
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<mi>l</mi>
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</mrow>
</msub>
</mfrac>
<mo>;</mo>
</mrow>
VOF multiphase flow equations：
Wherein VcellIt is the volume m of computing unit cell in CFD approach3。
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| CN201710265045.5A CN107194033B (en) | 2017-04-21 | 2017-04-21 | Method for calculating petroleum leakage evaporation capacity in open environment |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110333688A (en) * | 2019-08-06 | 2019-10-15 | 合肥创博信息科技有限公司 | A kind of Loss of Oil Products at Gas Station source real time monitoring system |
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2017
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