CN107192680A - A kind of marine biofouling at initial stage monitoring and evaluation method - Google Patents
A kind of marine biofouling at initial stage monitoring and evaluation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107192680A CN107192680A CN201710253848.9A CN201710253848A CN107192680A CN 107192680 A CN107192680 A CN 107192680A CN 201710253848 A CN201710253848 A CN 201710253848A CN 107192680 A CN107192680 A CN 107192680A
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000005304 optical glass Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002798 spectrophotometry method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000799 fluorescence microscopy Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 229930002868 chlorophyll a Natural products 0.000 abstract description 11
- ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M chlorophyll a Chemical compound C1([C@@H](C(=O)OC)C(=O)C2=C3C)=C2N2C3=CC(C(CC)=C3C)=[N+]4C3=CC3=C(C=C)C(C)=C5N3[Mg-2]42[N+]2=C1[C@@H](CCC(=O)OC\C=C(/C)CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@H](C)C2=C5 ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000000870 ultraviolet spectroscopy Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 6
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241000206602 Eukaryota Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920005479 Lucite® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000010062 adhesion mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003373 anti-fouling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003899 bactericide agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000415 inactivating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002955 secretory cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/314—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry with comparison of measurements at specific and non-specific wavelengths
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/33—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using ultraviolet light
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/314—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry with comparison of measurements at specific and non-specific wavelengths
- G01N2021/3155—Measuring in two spectral ranges, e.g. UV and visible
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
- Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to monitoring technical field, disclose a kind of marine biofouling at initial stage monitoring and evaluation method, the obstruction to different wave length light and scattering process based on biomembrane, the general principle of material concentration can be determined by using for reference langbobier law (Beer Lambert Law), the absorbance curve that different times are attached to material is determined using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, by light transmittance peak value (or curve integration) to the biomass of biological attachment sample (or biological coverage rate, Chlorophyll-a Content etc.) set up standard working curve, calculating analysis is carried out by the absorbance data of tested sample again, so as to the monitoring and evaluation of the biological attachment situations of transparent material such as complete pair glass, evaluation for the anti-halobios adhersion performance of transparent material provides foundation, contribute to the exploitation of the new material of resistance to biodeterioration, it is final to be prevented effectively from biological attachment and be stained the loss and harm caused.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to monitoring technical field, and in particular to a kind of marine biofouling at initial stage monitoring and evaluation method.
Background technology
After in general object immersion seawater, due to being interacted by factors such as a series of physical, chemistry and biologies, its
Surface can cover the film of one layer of polymeric material formation, commonly referred to as adjusting film quickly.The main component of adjusting film is albumen
Matter macromolecular etc., it can make physical surface characteristics change, the basis adhered to as halomereid, bred.With tune
The formation of film is saved, bacterium, unicellular eukaryote and multi-celled eukaryotes in immersion body surface attachment, form one successively
The complicated ecosystem.The outer product of a large amount of secretory cells of bacterium of body surface is attached on, by bacterium and bacterium, bacterium and attachment
Substrate etc. is interconnected to form one layer of biomembrane based on the bacterium and marine alga.Research finds that biomembrane is given birth in subsequent large ocean
Thing serves the function served as bridge of key when adhering to, biomembrane can discharge chemical signal, and allowing marine creature to perceive environment is
No suitable attachment existence.The biological larva of large ocean and spore will adhere to Yi Dan close to after the surface with biomembrane, become
State grows and breeds expansion, ultimately forms larger marine fouling organism group.Fouling organism sticks to the increasing of naval vessel bottom
Big hydrodynamic drag, reduce naval vessel mobility, add fuel consumption, meanwhile, fouling organism also suppresses aquatic products and supported
Grow, block pipeline, accelerate metal erosion, influence oceanographic instrumentation instrument function etc..For the formation of marine fouling organism group
Journey and adhesion mechanism, people take various biodeterioration the method for control.It can be roughly divided into according to the difference of its principle
The antifouling method of physics, chemical preservation method and bioantifouling method three major types.Using at the beginning of the controlling measurement biodeterioration such as microbial bactericide
The attachment and growth of phase microbial film, it is possible to prevente effectively from biological attachment and being stained the loss and harm caused.This is accomplished by pair
Biodeterioration microbial film at initial stage adhesion condition is monitored on-line, to adopt an effective measure in time, control microbial film attachment
And growth, prevent it from developing.The evaluation of marine biofouling is actually directed to, mainly passes through fluorescence microscope and scanning initial stage
The methods such as Electronic Speculum are detected, the situation of biological attachment is besides observed using the method for real extra large lacing film.But this several method
Laboratory, and complex operation are mainly used in, easy fast and effectively technological means is still lacked at present, it is micro- initial stage to biodeterioration
Biomembrane adhesion condition is monitored and evaluated.
There is the Assessment of Changes microbial film apposition growth degree by monitoring sensor electrode current potential in the prior art, but only
Evaluated suitable for the microbial film adhesion condition of the surface of stainless steel of high inactivating performance.Its surface marine life of different materials
The situation of thing apposition growth is different, therefore monitoring for other materials surface biological attachment and assessment technique are just particularly weighed
Will.Optical glass is the material commonly used on marine monitoring sensor, is the window that instrument is observed monitoring activity to ocean, directly
Connect and contact with sea water, easily encroached on by marine biofouling, so as to influence the performance of oceanographic instrumentation, it is therefore desirable to optics
The biological attachment situation of the materials such as glass is monitored and evaluated.
Absorbance (Abs)：Absorbance is a noun of physics and chemistry.Before referring to light by solution or material
Ratio (the I that incident intensity passes through the transmitted intensity after solution or a certain material with light0/I1) denary logarithm
(i.e. A=lg (I0/I1)), wherein I0For incident intensity, I1For transmitted light intensity, its factor is influenceed to have solvent, concentration, temperature etc..
Light transmittance (Transmission)：It is the percentage of the luminous flux through transparent or semitransparent body and its incident flux
Rate, i.e. T=I1/I0╳ 100%, i.e. T=10-A。
Fouling organism coverage rate：The percentage of the fouling organism attachment base bottom gross area and matrix material area.
Chlorophyll-a Content：The content for the chlorophyll a being attached on matrix material, passes through spectrophotometry, unit μ
g/cm2。
The content of the invention
The present invention is achieved to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art using following technical proposals：
A kind of marine biofouling at initial stage monitoring and evaluation method, comprises the following steps：
(1) monitoring and evaluation object is chosen；
(2) monitoring and evaluation object is put into seawater, biology is obtained by way of extra large organism in water grows attachment naturally
Monitoring and evaluation object sample after attachment.Transparent material is put into a period of time in seawater, grown naturally by extra large organism in water
The mode of attachment obtains the sample of the transparent material after biological attachment.As needed, it can distinguish in different waters, different depth
Arrange sample.The different sample immersion times are set, the sample of different degree of adhesion can be obtained.
(3) absorbance curve of monitoring and evaluation object after biological attachment is measured using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, is obtained
When m- absorbance affinity criterions curve.Write music using the extinction of transparent material after UV, visible light spectrophotometry biological attachment
Line, obtains the peak value of absworption peak or absorbance curve is integrated.M- absorbance affinity criterions curve when can obtain.
(4) standard curve for obtaining step (3) is analyzed with biodeterioration degree situation, obtains actual life
Thing degree situation.
M- absorbance is closed when step (3) is obtained by way of obtaining absorption peak-to-peak value or absorbance curve is integrated
It is standard curve.
Biodeterioration degree situation described in step (4) is obtained by biomass and fluorescence microscopy.It will obtain
Absorbance standard curve combination biomass and fluorescence microscopy obtain biodeterioration degree situation be analyzed, obtain
Obtain actual biodeterioration degree situation.Later stage can directly obtain actual biology by the absorbance curve after biological attachment
Degree situation.
Step (2) can set monitoring and evaluation object respectively in different waters, different depth, when setting different immersions
Between, obtain the monitoring and evaluation object of different degree of adhesion.
It is preferred that, monitoring and evaluation object is optical glass.The technical program is applied to the biological attachment feelings to transparent material
Condition is monitored and evaluated, mainly including optical glass, lucite etc., therefore chooses the transparent material for needing to monitor and evaluate
Material, and be processed as requested.
Obstruction and scattering process of the technical program based on biomembrane to different wave length light, use for reference langbobier law
(Beer-Lambert Law) can determine the general principle of material concentration, when determining different using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry
Phase is attached to the absorbance curve of material, by light transmittance peak value (or curve integration) to the biomass of biological attachment sample
(or biological coverage rate, Chlorophyll-a Content etc.) standard working curve is set up, then carried out by the absorbance data of tested sample
Analysis is calculated, so that the monitoring and evaluation of the biological attachment situation of the transparent material such as complete pair glass, are prevented effectively from biological attachment
Be stained the loss and harm that cause, reach the purpose that biodeterioration is prevented and kill off.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1：The glass specimen device that a kind of marine biofouling at initial stage monitoring and evaluation embodiment of the method for the present invention is used；
Fig. 2：A kind of absorbance curve of marine biofouling at initial stage monitoring and evaluation embodiment of the method for the present invention；
Fig. 3：A kind of standard work of the Chlorophyll-a Content of marine biofouling at initial stage monitoring and evaluation embodiment of the method for the present invention
Make curve；
Fig. 4：A kind of light transmittance curve integrogram of marine biofouling at initial stage monitoring and evaluation embodiment of the method for the present invention.
Wherein：1. optical glass sample；2. cuvette with groove.
Embodiment
Technical scheme is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
Embodiment 1
A kind of marine biofouling at initial stage monitoring and evaluation method, step is as follows：
(1) monitoring and evaluation object is chosen.It is monitoring and evaluation object to choose conventional optical glass, by optical glass producing into
Sample as shown in Figure 1.Size is 8mm ╳ 40mm ╳ 1mm.
(2) monitoring and evaluation object is put into seawater, biology is obtained by way of extra large organism in water grows attachment naturally
Monitoring and evaluation object sample after attachment.Transparent material is put into a period of time (72h, 120h, 240h, 720h) in seawater, led to
Cross extra large organism in water and grow the sample that the mode adhered to obtains the transparent material after biological attachment naturally.As needed, Ke Yi
Different waters, different depth are respectively arranged sample.The different sample immersion times are set, the examination of different degree of adhesion can be obtained
Sample.
Optical glass sample is put into ocean, biological attachment is obtained by way of extra large organism in water grows attachment naturally
Optical glass sample.The lacing film time set in the implementation case, it is referred to《GB/T 12763.6-2007 oceanographic surveys are advised
Model Part VI：Marine organisms are investigated》In miniature organism be stained investigation carry out.
(3) absorbance curve of monitoring and evaluation object after biological attachment is measured using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, is obtained
When m- absorbance affinity criterions curve.Write music using the extinction of transparent material after UV, visible light spectrophotometry biological attachment
Line, obtains the peak value of absworption peak or absorbance curve is integrated.M- absorbance affinity criterions curve when can obtain.
After lacing film sample is taken out, insert band groove cuvette is right using ultraviolet-uisible spectrophotometer (300-900nm)
The absorbance curve of optical glass sample is measured.Absorbance curve as shown in Figure 2 is obtained, is represented with light transmittance (T).Determine
The biomass (or fouling organism coverage rate, Chlorophyll-a Content etc.) of the fouling organism attachment sample of optical glass is right after attachment
Different times sample is demarcated.
(4) standard curve for obtaining step (3) is analyzed with biodeterioration degree situation, obtains actual life
Thing degree situation.The biomass (being herein Chlorophyll-a Content) of biological attachment sample is built by light transmittance curve peak value
Vertical standard working curve.Calibrated using Chlorophyll-a Content, it can be seen that light transmittance curve peak value (675nm) and chlorophyll a
Content linear correlation (as shown in Figure 3).Therefore by the measure of light transmittance, calculated by standard curve and obtain biological attachment sample
Chlorophyll-a Content, so that the degree of monitoring and evaluation biodeterioration.
(5) standard curve or by step (3) obtained is analyzed with biodeterioration degree situation, obtains actual
Biodeterioration degree situation.By the light transmittance curve integration of different times, (light transmittance curve is to the curvilinear plane of light transmittance 100%
Product integration, such as Fig. 4 dash areas) the different biological attachment sample fouling organism coverage rate of correspondence, set up corresponding standard work
Curve.Integrated by the light transmittance curve for determining different samples, calculated by standard curve and obtain being stained for biological attachment sample
Biological coverage rate, so that the degree of qualitative assessment biodeterioration.
Embodiment 2
The method of the invention is equally applicable to the field monitoring of biodeterioration.
Set up after standard working curve, obtained by real time monitoring in seawater thoroughly by way of in embodiment 1
The light transmittance curve peak value (675nm) of bright material, can calculate the Chlorophyll-a Content for obtaining biological attachment sample, so as to implement
The degree of field monitoring assessment material biodeterioration.
Embodiment only illustrates technical scheme, rather than carries out any limitation to it；Although with reference to the foregoing embodiments
The present invention is described in detail, for the person of ordinary skill of the art, still can be to previous embodiment institute
The technical scheme of record is modified, or carries out equivalent substitution to which part technical characteristic；And these modifications or substitutions, and
The essence of appropriate technical solution is not set to depart from the spirit and scope of claimed technical solution of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of marine biofouling at initial stage monitoring and evaluation method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
(1) monitoring and evaluation object is chosen；
(2) monitoring and evaluation object is put into seawater, biological attachment is obtained by way of extra large organism in water grows attachment naturally
Monitoring and evaluation object sample afterwards；
(3) it is m- during acquisition to inhale using the absorbance curve of monitoring and evaluation object after UV, visible light spectrophotometry biological attachment
Photometric relationship standard curve；
(4) standard curve for obtaining step (3) is analyzed with biodeterioration degree situation, obtains actual biology dirty
Damage degree situation.
2. a kind of marine biofouling at initial stage monitoring and evaluation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step (3)
M- absorbance affinity criterions curve when being obtained by way of obtaining absorption peak-to-peak value or being integrated to absorbance curve.
3. a kind of marine biofouling at initial stage monitoring and evaluation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step (4)
Described biodeterioration degree situation is obtained by biomass and fluorescence microscopy.
4. a kind of marine biofouling at initial stage monitoring and evaluation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step (2)
Monitoring and evaluation object can be respectively set in different waters, different depth, the different immersion times are set, different attachment journeys are obtained
The monitoring and evaluation object of degree.
5. according to any a kind of described marine biofouling at the initial stage monitoring and evaluation methods of claim 1-4, it is characterised in that：Prison
Survey evaluation object is optical glass.
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107621458A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2018-01-23 | 威海中远造船科技有限公司 | A kind of on-line monitoring method in situ of UV transmittance |
| CN109238993A (en) * | 2018-11-28 | 2019-01-18 | 南昌航空大学 | The detection method that Determination of Chlorophyll In Seawater content influences underwater optical transmission characteristics |
| CN110726804A (en) * | 2019-07-11 | 2020-01-24 | 浙江省海洋开发研究院 | Quick evaluation method for antifouling performance of bionic and low-surface-energy marine antifouling coating |
| CN111024670A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-04-17 | 河南大学 | Method for measuring primary productivity of water body based on PEA fluorescence curve |
| CN114414470A (en) * | 2022-01-17 | 2022-04-29 | 广东海洋大学 | Marine organism adhesion detection method, device and system |
| CN114414533A (en) * | 2022-01-17 | 2022-04-29 | 广东海洋大学 | Marine organism adhesion detection method, device and system |
| CN114509473A (en) * | 2022-04-18 | 2022-05-17 | 山东省科学院海洋仪器仪表研究所 | Marine organism fouling monitoring and evaluating method and device based on electrochemistry |
| CN114689534A (en) * | 2022-04-01 | 2022-07-01 | 北京千尧新能源科技开发有限公司 | Marine microorganism monitoring method and related equipment |
-
2017
- 2017-04-18 CN CN201710253848.9A patent/CN107192680A/en active Pending
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| S. J. MARRS等: "Spectrophotometric Evaluation of Micro-algal Foulingon Marine Optical Windows", 《ESTUARINE, COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE》 * |
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107621458A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2018-01-23 | 威海中远造船科技有限公司 | A kind of on-line monitoring method in situ of UV transmittance |
| CN109238993A (en) * | 2018-11-28 | 2019-01-18 | 南昌航空大学 | The detection method that Determination of Chlorophyll In Seawater content influences underwater optical transmission characteristics |
| CN110726804A (en) * | 2019-07-11 | 2020-01-24 | 浙江省海洋开发研究院 | Quick evaluation method for antifouling performance of bionic and low-surface-energy marine antifouling coating |
| CN110726804B (en) * | 2019-07-11 | 2021-12-31 | 浙江省海洋开发研究院 | Quick evaluation method for antifouling performance of bionic and low-surface-energy marine antifouling coating |
| CN111024670A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-04-17 | 河南大学 | Method for measuring primary productivity of water body based on PEA fluorescence curve |
| CN114414470A (en) * | 2022-01-17 | 2022-04-29 | 广东海洋大学 | Marine organism adhesion detection method, device and system |
| CN114414533A (en) * | 2022-01-17 | 2022-04-29 | 广东海洋大学 | Marine organism adhesion detection method, device and system |
| CN114414470B (en) * | 2022-01-17 | 2022-12-13 | 广东海洋大学 | Marine organism adhesion detection method, device and system |
| CN114414533B (en) * | 2022-01-17 | 2023-11-03 | 广东海洋大学 | Marine organism attachment detection method, device and system |
| CN114689534A (en) * | 2022-04-01 | 2022-07-01 | 北京千尧新能源科技开发有限公司 | Marine microorganism monitoring method and related equipment |
| CN114689534B (en) * | 2022-04-01 | 2023-01-31 | 北京千尧新能源科技开发有限公司 | Marine microorganism monitoring method and related equipment |
| CN114509473A (en) * | 2022-04-18 | 2022-05-17 | 山东省科学院海洋仪器仪表研究所 | Marine organism fouling monitoring and evaluating method and device based on electrochemistry |
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