CN107191154A - Wellhead back pressure regulates and controls method and apparatus - Google Patents
Wellhead back pressure regulates and controls method and apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN107191154A CN107191154A CN201610147654.6A CN201610147654A CN107191154A CN 107191154 A CN107191154 A CN 107191154A CN 201610147654 A CN201610147654 A CN 201610147654A CN 107191154 A CN107191154 A CN 107191154A
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- back pressure
- choke valve
- deviation
- aperture
- value
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B34/00—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells
- E21B34/02—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in well heads
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B44/00—Automatic control systems specially adapted for drilling operations, i.e. self-operating systems which function to carry out or modify a drilling operation without intervention of a human operator, e.g. computer-controlled drilling systems; Systems specially adapted for monitoring a plurality of drilling variables or conditions
Abstract
Regulate and control method and apparatus the invention discloses a kind of wellhead back pressure, this method includes obtaining the back pressure value of well head and the opening value of choke valve in real time, and calculates the back pressure deviation of well head and the aperture deviation of choke valve respectively；When the back pressure deviation is more than default back pressure coarse adjustment threshold value, the aperture deviation based on the choke valve regulates and controls to wellhead back pressure, choke valve is reached the aperture setting value of choke valve；When the back pressure deviation is less than or equal to default back pressure coarse adjustment threshold value, the back pressure deviation of aperture deviation and the well head based on the choke valve regulates and controls to wellhead back pressure, wellhead back pressure is reached in the default accuracy rating of wellhead back pressure setting value.The switching undisturbed that aperture control is controlled with back pressure is the method achieve, pressure is steady without fluctuation during switching.When this method has large deviation when quick regulation, little deviation accuracy controlling ability, control effect is good.Control method is simplified, is easily realized, and control effect is stable.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Process of Oil Well Drilling control field, more particularly to a kind of wellhead back pressure regulation and control method and dress
Put.
Background technology
With the fast development of petroleum industry, requirement of the actual exploration and development to various drilling technologies also more and more higher.
Drilling technology starts constantly towards automation and intelligentized direction to develop, and a large amount of new automation and intelligentifications are bored
Well technology starts constantly to emerge, and is widely used in various operation fields.Fine controlled pressure drilling skill
Art is the one side of automated drilling, for monitoring bottom pressure automatically.
Fine controlled pressure drilling refers to monitor wellbore pressure in real time by data monitoring system and wellhead equipment,
Realize safety drilling.In managed pressure drilling system equipment, by adjusting the controlled pressure drilling choke valve on choke manifold
To realize the control to wellhead back pressure, the balance of whole drilling process well head pressure is kept, is controlled pressure drilling hardware
The key components of Stress control are realized in equipment.
At present, the control method of wellhead back pressure is primarily present problems with：On the one hand, the control of choke valve has
The characteristics of non-linear, time-varying Hurst index, and conventional method directly sets up back pressure to the method for hydraulic regulation, does not have
There is the characteristic for the non-linear and time-varying for considering internal system, control effect is poor.On the other hand, throttle valve adjustment is
Hydraulic cylinder bidirectional-movement, but it is difficult to set up the feedback of pressure and hydraulic cylinder bidirectional-movement in practice, because
This and degree of regulation when reducing fine controlled pressure drilling practical operation.
To sum up, need badly and existing back pressure control method is improved to solve the above problems.
The content of the invention
One of technical problems to be solved by the invention be need to be improved existing back pressure control method with
Improve its degree of regulation.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, embodiments herein provide firstly a kind of wellhead back pressure regulation and control side
Method, including the back pressure value of well head and the opening value of choke valve are obtained in real time, and the back pressure deviation of well head is calculated respectively
And the aperture deviation of choke valve；When the back pressure deviation is more than default back pressure coarse adjustment threshold value, based on the section
The aperture deviation of stream valve regulates and controls to wellhead back pressure, choke valve is reached the aperture setting value of choke valve；Work as institute
When stating back pressure deviation less than or equal to default back pressure coarse adjustment threshold value, aperture deviation based on the choke valve and described
The back pressure deviation of well head regulates and controls to wellhead back pressure, wellhead back pressure is reached the default of wellhead back pressure setting value
In accuracy rating.
Preferably, wellhead back pressure is regulated and controled in the aperture deviation based on the choke valve, reaches choke valve
Before the aperture setting value of choke valve, in addition to, obtain the aperture setting value of choke valve：Set up throttle valve opening
Characteristic curve；Choke valve corresponding with wellhead back pressure setting value is calculated based on the throttle valve opening characteristic curve to open
Degree, and using the throttle valve opening as choke valve aperture setting value.
Preferably, wellhead back pressure is regulated and controled in the aperture deviation based on the choke valve, reaches choke valve
The step of aperture setting value of choke valve, includes：The opening value of choke valve is obtained in real time, according to the choke valve
Aperture setting value and obtain choke valve opening value calculate choke valve aperture deviation；When the aperture deviation
Absolute value when being more than default deviation a reference value, the choke valve is adjusted with maximal rate and returned to regulate and control well head
Pressure；When the absolute value of the aperture deviation is less than or equal to default deviation a reference value, institute is adjusted in PID modes
Choke valve is stated to regulate and control wellhead back pressure.
Preferably, the throttle valve opening characteristic curve is set up according to following expression：
Wherein, XSPVFor the opening value of choke valve, CvFor the characteristic value of choke valve, a, b, c, d, e is constant coefficient.
Preferably, wellhead back pressure is entered in aperture deviation and the back pressure deviation of the well head based on the choke valve
Before row regulation and control, in addition to, obtain the aperture setting value of choke valve：Set up wellhead back pressure Controlling model；It is based on
The back pressure deviation of the wellhead back pressure Controlling model and the well head obtained in real time calculates the controlled quentity controlled variable of pressure；Will be described
The controlled quentity controlled variable of pressure is standardized to obtain the control output quantity of pressure, and the control of the pressure is defeated
Output as choke valve aperture setting value.
Embodiments herein additionally provides a kind of wellhead back pressure regulation device, including：Detection unit, its is real-time
The back pressure value of well head and the opening value of choke valve are obtained, and calculates the back pressure deviation of well head and opening for choke valve respectively
Spend deviation；Quick regulation unit, it is when the back pressure deviation is more than default back pressure coarse adjustment threshold value, based on institute
The aperture deviation for stating choke valve regulates and controls to wellhead back pressure, choke valve is reached the aperture setting value of choke valve；
Unit is fine-tuned, it is when the back pressure deviation is less than or equal to default back pressure coarse adjustment threshold value, based on the section
Flow the aperture deviation of valve and the back pressure deviation of the well head regulates and controls to wellhead back pressure, wellhead back pressure is reached well
In the default accuracy rating of mouth back pressure setting value.
Preferably, the quick regulation unit obtains the aperture setting value of choke valve according to following steps：Set up section
Flow valve opening characteristic curve；Calculate corresponding with wellhead back pressure setting value based on the throttle valve opening characteristic curve
Throttle valve opening, and using the throttle valve opening as choke valve aperture setting value.
Preferably, the quick regulation unit regulates and controls wellhead back pressure according to following steps：Choke valve is obtained in real time
Opening value, the opening value of the choke valve according to the aperture setting value of the choke valve with obtaining calculates opening for choke valve
Spend deviation；When the absolute value of the aperture deviation is more than default deviation a reference value, institute is adjusted with maximal rate
Choke valve is stated to regulate and control wellhead back pressure；When the absolute value of the aperture deviation is less than or equal to default deviation a reference value
When, adjust the choke valve to regulate and control wellhead back pressure in PID modes.
Preferably, the quick regulation unit sets up the throttle valve opening characteristic curve according to following expression：
Wherein, XSPVFor the opening value of choke valve, CvFor the characteristic value of choke valve, a, b, c, d, e is constant coefficient.
Preferably, it is described to fine-tune the aperture setting value that unit obtains choke valve according to following steps：Set up well
Mouth back pressure Controlling model；Back pressure deviation based on the wellhead back pressure Controlling model and the well head obtained in real time is calculated
The controlled quentity controlled variable of pressure；The controlled quentity controlled variable of the pressure is standardized to obtain the control output quantity of pressure,
And using the control output quantity of the pressure as choke valve aperture setting value.
Compared with prior art, one or more of such scheme embodiment can have the following advantages that or beneficial
Effect：
Regulate and control method by setting up three layers of feedback back pressure, the undisturbed for realizing aperture control and back pressure control is cut
Change, pressure is steady without fluctuation during switching.Accuracy controlling when quick regulation, little deviation when this method has large deviation
Ability, control effect is good.Control method is simplified, is easily realized, control effect is stable, disclosure satisfy that control
Press the wellhead back pressure finely regulating requirement in drilling technology.
Other advantages, the target of the present invention, and feature will be explained in the following description to a certain extent
State, and to a certain extent, based on will be to those skilled in the art to investigating hereafter it is aobvious and
It is clear to, or can be instructed from the practice of the present invention.The target and other advantages of the present invention can lead to
Structure specifically noted in following specification, claims, and accompanying drawing is crossed to realize and obtain.
Brief description of the drawings
Accompanying drawing is used for providing to the technical scheme of the application or further understanding for prior art, and constitutes
A part for bright book.Wherein, the accompanying drawing of expression the embodiment of the present application is used to solve together with embodiments herein
The technical scheme of the application is released, but does not constitute the limitation to technical scheme.
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet for regulating and controlling method according to the wellhead back pressure of one embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 2 is three layers of principle of adjustment and control figure for regulating and controlling method according to the wellhead back pressure of one embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 3 is the principle for the double PID open degree feedbacks for regulating and controlling method according to the wellhead back pressure of one embodiment of the invention
Figure；
Fig. 4 is to adjust model schematic according to the throttle valve opening of the example of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of the wellhead back pressure regulation device according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
Describe embodiments of the present invention in detail below with reference to drawings and Examples, whereby to the present invention how
Application technology means solve technical problem, and reach the implementation process of relevant art effect and can fully understand and evidence
To implement.Each feature in the embodiment of the present application and embodiment, can mutually be tied under the premise of not colliding
Close, the technical scheme formed is within protection scope of the present invention.
In order to reach fine controlled pressure drilling technology to the control accuracy requirement of well head pressure, it is necessary to adapt to choke valve
Control characteristic, particularly non-linear and time variation.Specifically, big aperture quick regulation, small guide vane can be realized
The demand of accurate adjustment, while the problem of solving throttle valve opening bidirectional modulation.Throttling valve characteristic can be combined bent
Line quickly carries out pressure coarse adjustment, and realizes that Stress control cooperates to realize the reality of well head pressure with aperture control
When fine-tune.
Fig. 1 regulates and controls the schematic flow sheet of method for the wellhead back pressure of the embodiment of the present invention.As illustrated, the regulation and control
Method includes：Step S110, the back pressure value that well head is obtained in real time and choke valve opening value, and well is calculated respectively
The back pressure deviation of mouth and the aperture deviation of choke valve.Step S120, when the back pressure deviation be more than default back pressure
During coarse adjustment threshold value, the aperture deviation based on the choke valve regulates and controls to wellhead back pressure, choke valve is reached section
Flow the aperture setting value of valve.Step S130, when the back pressure deviation be less than or equal to default back pressure coarse adjustment threshold value when,
The back pressure deviation of aperture deviation and the well head based on the choke valve regulates and controls to wellhead back pressure, makes well head
Back pressure is reached in the default accuracy rating of wellhead back pressure setting value.
Described in detail with reference to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 schematic diagram.
As shown in Fig. 2 the regulation and control method includes the pressure feedback control of outer layer and the open degree feedback of internal layer is controlled,
Main control loop is pressure feedback control loop, and sub-control loop is open degree feedback control loop, wherein, aperture
Feedback control realizes the coarse adjustment of well head pressure, and fine-tuning for well head pressure is realized in pressure feedback control.Specifically
, coarse adjustment and fine-tune be substep carry out.Switched over by default back pressure coarse adjustment threshold value.Lift
For example, if default back pressure deviation setting is 0.25MPa, when back pressure deviation is more than 0.25MPa,
Implement open degree feedback control.Judge, when back pressure deviation is less than 0.25Mpa, to implement pressure feedback control again.
When well head pressure is equal to wellhead back pressure setting value, stop regulation.
When being controlled only with open degree feedback, the control of outer shroud pressure feedback wouldn't work.As shown in Figure 2, it is necessary to
The aperture setting value for being worth to choke valve is set according to wellhead back pressure, is comprised the following steps：Initially set up choke valve
Open degree characteristic curve, is then based on throttle valve opening characteristic curve and calculates throttling corresponding with wellhead back pressure setting value
Valve opening, and using the throttle valve opening as choke valve aperture setting value.
Throttle valve opening characteristic curve is used to characterize pair between the characteristic value of choke valve and the opening value of choke valve
It should be related to.The characteristic value of choke valve is obtained according to the definition of expression formula (1)：
In formula, CvFor the characteristic value of choke valve, the negotiability for reflecting choke valve is a nondimensional number.
Q is the discharge capacity of drilling fluid, and unit is m3/h.ρ is the density of drilling fluid, unit g/cm3.Δ P is choke valve
Front and rear pressure difference, unit is MPa.
Throttle valve opening characteristic curve is set up based on off-line identification.Specifically, throttle valve opening control experiment is carried out,
Measure and record the pressure difference before and after the discharge capacity under each aperture of choke valve, density, choke valve, then according to table
C is calculated up to formula (2)v, different C can be obtainedvCorresponding relation between value and choke valve different opening value.
Fitting of a polynomial algorithm is based on again, above-mentioned corresponding relation is carried out curve fitting bent to obtain throttle valve opening characteristic
Line.In one embodiment of the invention, throttle valve opening characteristic curve has as shown in expression formula (2)
Form：
In formula, XSPVFor the opening value of choke valve, table is come with the percentage of the full gate stroke relative to choke valve
Show.A, b, c, d, e are fitting coefficient, and different values are carried out according to different actual drilling process.
Assuming that the pressure of the porch of choke valve is equal to wellhead back pressure setting value, the pressure in its exit is equal to air
Pressure, then Δ P is approximately equal to wellhead back pressure setting value.Therefore, it can be calculated and obtained and well according to expression formula (2)
The corresponding throttle valve opening of mouth back pressure setting value, the aperture setting value in this, as choke valve implements open degree feedback control
System.
Open degree feedback control loop is controlled using electro-hydraulic proportional valve to the hydraulic cylinder of choke valve, the present invention's
In one embodiment, further directed to choke valve non-linear and time-varying the characteristics of, set up a kind of nonlinear feedback
Control method.
Since it is desired that implementing bidirectional modulation to the choke valve that surges, therefore two sides are carried out using two-way electro-hydraulic proportional valve
To hydraulic control.To realize the accurate purpose quickly regulated and controled of throttle valve opening, using double PID open degree feedbacks
Control.Specifically, as shown in figure 3, in the aperture setting value when choke valve and the opening value by measuring acquisition
Between deviation it is larger when, maximum controlling value SPV is directly exported to electro-hydraulic proportional valve, is adjusted with most fast speed
Throttle valve opening.When the deviation between the aperture setting value of choke valve and the opening value by measuring acquisition is smaller
Accurately controlled using PID/feedback regulation, a loop A of wherein PID1 correspondence electro-hydraulic proportional valves, PID2
Another coil B of correspondence electro-hydraulic proportional valve, during practical operation, by judge the aperture setting value of choke valve with
By measuring the deviation between the opening value obtained, i.e. relation between aperture deviation and default deviation a reference value
To determine to be exported using maximum controlling value SPV outputs, or using PID.Further, by judging to open
The positive and negative of degree deviation is exported by PID1 to determine or exported by PID2.
Above-mentioned opening degree control procedure can be described by following expression formula (3)~(6).
The opening value of the choke valve obtained according to measuring in real time, calculates the absolute value of the aperture deviation of choke valve, such as
Shown in expression formula (3)：
In formula, SP (k) is the aperture setting value of the choke valve at current k moment.PV (k) is the section at current k moment
Flow the measured value of valve opening, edAperture setting value for choke valve and the deviation between the opening value of measurement, e (k)
For the absolute value of the aperture deviation at current k moment.
Further in an embodiment of the present invention, to adapt to the control characteristic of choke valve and non-linear, according to aperture
The size of the absolute value of deviation carries out Discrete control, specifically, when the absolute value of aperture deviation is inclined more than default
During poor a reference value, its aperture is set to change with maximal rate regulation choke valve.When the absolute value of aperture deviation is small
When equal to default deviation a reference value, adjusting choke valve in PID modes makes its aperture change.The regulation
Process such as expression formula (4), (5), (6) are shown.
As e (k)>efgWhen, the output quantity u (k) of control electro-hydraulic proportional valve is：
In formula, efgFor the deviation a reference value of setting, it can be selected in practice according to the performance parameter of choke valve.
The value for the controlled quentity controlled variable that choke valve is adjusted with maximal rate for control electro-hydraulic proportional valve by SPV.In above formula just
Negative sign represents the regulation direction of electro-hydraulic proportional valve.
As e (k)≤efgWhen, the output quantity u (k) for controlling electro-hydraulic proportional valve to be exported at the k moment is：
In formula, u1 (k) and u2 (k) are respectively two coils (loop A and coil B) for controlling electro-hydraulic proportional valve
The output quantity exported.When being adjusted using PID modes, u1 (k) and u2 (k) are specifically as follows expression
Form shown in formula (6)：
In formula, e (k) is the absolute value of the aperture deviation at current k moment, and e (k-1) is that the aperture at k-1 moment is inclined
The absolute value of difference, Kp1,Ki1,Kd1Respectively the ratio of u1 (k) pid control algorithm (PID1), integration,
Differential term coefficient, Kp2,Ki2,Kd2Respectively the ratio of u2 (k) pid control algorithm (PID2), integration,
Differential term coefficient.
Controlled in the prior art using the open degree feedback of single pid control algorithm, only one of which output control, nothing
Method meets the demand of bidirectional hydraulic control.And the open degree feedback control of the embodiment of the present invention is a kind of pair of PID aperture
Feedback, as shown in figure 3, by judge the aperture setting value of choke valve and the difference of opening value that measures it is positive and negative come
PID1 outputs or PID2 outputs are determined, PID1 and PID2 correspond to electro-hydraulic proportional valve loop A and coil respectively
B, can thus realize big aperture quick regulation, the demand that small guide vane is fine-tuned.
In embodiments of the present invention, the characteristic value based on choke valve adjusts model with throttle valve opening, by outer layer
Well head pressure is converted to the aperture of the choke valve of internal layer, by directly adjusting aperture, realizes to the thick of well head pressure
Regulation, is conducive to improving the speed of back pressure regulation.
When the aperture setting value of aperture regulation to choke valve, choke valve can return well head pressure regulation to well head
Press near setting value, be now connected in series the pressure feedback control loop of outer shroud with open degree feedback control loop,
Series connection control is realized, as shown in Figure 2.
Pressure feedback control loop is regulated and controled based on wellhead back pressure Controlling model.Wellhead back pressure Controlling model it is defeated
Enter for the back pressure deviation by measuring and calculating obtained well head in real time, be output as the controlled quentity controlled variable of pressure.
In one embodiment of the invention, back pressure Controlling model is set up using incremental timestamp algorithm, such as
Shown in expression formula (7)：
Uu (k)=Kp3[ee(k)-ee(k-1)]+Ki3ee(k)+Kd3[ee(k)-2ee(k-1)+ee(k-2)] (7)
In formula, ee (k) is the back pressure deviation at current k moment, and ee (k-1) is the back pressure deviation at k-1 moment,
Ee (k-2) is the back pressure deviation at k-2 moment.Ee (k) can be calculated according to ee (k)=PSP (k)-PPV (k)
Arrive, wherein PSP (k) is the setting value of current k moment wellhead back pressure, PPV (k) is to measure at the current k moment
The back pressure value of the well head arrived, Kp3,Ki3,Kd3The respectively ratio of pid control algorithm, integration, differential term system
Number.Uu (k) is the increment size of pressure.It should be noted that calculating obtained uu (k) according to expression formula (7) only
For controlling increment, it is necessary to obtain the controlled quentity controlled variable of the pressure at current time according to the controlled quentity controlled variable of the pressure of last moment
Size.
Next, the controlled quentity controlled variable of obtained pressure is standardized, the control output quantity of pressure is obtained,
And open degree feedback control loop is passed to using the control output quantity of pressure as the aperture setting value of choke valve, in master
The transitive relation of controlled quentity controlled variable is set up between control loop and sub-control loop.Here standardization is a kind of number
Conversion method is learned, the controlled quentity controlled variable of pressure is converted into 0-1 (i.e. 0-100%) in the range of this, passes through this mark
The control output quantity of the pressure obtained after quasi-ization processing can be for the other control objects of control.For example,
If the range of set value of control object be 4-20, then as long as by control output quantity 0-1 in the range of standard
Value is converted into 4-20 interval range just can be with.
The wellhead back pressure regulation and control method of the embodiment of the present invention is a kind of three layers of feedback, disclosure satisfy that control
Precision is high, the technical requirements of fast response time.It sets up the open degree feedback control of choke valve in innermost layer, realizes
The quick accuracy controlling of throttle valve opening.It is in intermediate layer by setting up throttle valve opening characteristic curve, outer layer is anti-
Feedback data transfer gives internal layer hydraulic control system, and different regulation and control methods are respectively adopted according to aperture deviation, realizes
The coarse adjustment of well head pressure.Wellhead back pressure is realized to the serials control of aperture in outermost layer design, according to actually detected
Wellhead back pressure value and the back pressure value of setting contrast, generate back pressure deviation, it is and by wellhead back pressure model that this is inclined
Difference is converted to target opening value and passes to throttle valve opening control system, and it adjusts choke valve by hydraulic control system again
Aperture, makes wellhead back pressure reach in the default accuracy rating of wellhead back pressure setting value, finally realizes that well head is set
Pressure is fine-tuned.Degree of regulation is improved while the quick response requirement of wellhead back pressure control is met.
Control method involved in the present invention can meet throttle valve opening control, the demand of wellhead back pressure control.Tool
When having large deviation when quick regulation, little deviation accuracy controlling ability, control effect is good.Aperture control can be realized
The switching undisturbed that system is controlled with back pressure, pressure is steady without fluctuation during switching.Control method is simplified, it is easily real
Existing, control effect is stable, disclosure satisfy that the wellhead back pressure finely regulating requirement in controlled pressure drilling technology.
For the regulation flow process of the regulation and control method of further clear and definite above-described embodiment, said with reference to an example
It is bright.
The discharge capacity of drilling fluid is set as 72m3/ h, drilling fluid density 1.45g/cm3.Current time measures pressure
1MPa, measurement aperture is 59.9%, and the back pressure value of the well head set is 4MPa, and wellhead back pressure control method is needed
Back pressure is adjusted to 4MPa, e from 1MPafgIt is taken as 3%.According to the regulation of the method for the embodiment of the present application
Journey is as follows：
(1) throttle valve opening characteristic curve is set up based on off-line identification.
Choke valve property regulation testing experiment is carried out in advance, obtains the characteristic value C of choke valvevChange on aperture
Experimental data, as shown in table 1：
The corresponding C of the current aperture of table 1vValue
| Aperture (%) | CvValue | Aperture (%) | CvValue | Aperture (%) | CvValue |
| 0 | 0.00 | 35 | 25.45 | 70 | 106.82 |
| 5 | 1.87 | 40 | 36.45 | 75 | 113.30 |
| 10 | 2.31 | 45 | 48.84 | 80 | 117.35 |
| 15 | 3.06 | 50 | 61.92 | 85 | 119.04 |
| 20 | 5.28 | 55 | 74.96 | 90 | 119.20 |
| 25 | 9.64 | 60 | 87.21 | 95 | 119.43 |
| 30 | 16.39 | 65 | 98.01 | 100 | 119.50 |
Data in table 1 are substituted into expression formula (2), equation group are obtained, by calculated aperture on CvValue
Curvilinear equation be：
Obtained throttle valve opening characteristic curve is as shown in Figure 4.
(2) pid parameter of throttle valve opening control is adjusted：
Pid parameter needs to be carried out adjusting determination according to practical operation.Flow for convenience of description, it is assumed here that electricity
Two coils of liquid proportional valve do not have difference, it is taken as that system both direction working characteristics is identical, set two
Pid parameter is identical, it should be noted that considered based on actual conditions, and two pid parameters can also have difference.
Here one group of pid parameter coefficient is provided：Kp1=Kp2=2.1, Ki1=Ki2=0.2, Kd1=Kd2=0, will be
Number substitutes into expression formula (6) and obtained：
(3) the increment type PID parameter of wellhead back pressure Controlling model is adjusted：
Increment type PID parameter needs to be carried out adjusting determination according to practical operation.Flow for convenience of description, here
Provide one group of pid parameter coefficient：Kp3=0.75, Ki3=0.07, Kd3=0, coefficient is substituted into expression formula (7)
：
Uu (k)=0.75 [ee (k)-ee (k-1)]+0.07ee (k) (8-3)
(4) C at current time is calculatedvValue：
According to current discharge capacity 72m3/ h, density 1.45g/cm3And desired wellhead back pressure value 4MPa, by these
Parameter is updated to expression formula (1) and calculates CvBe worth：Cv=43.35.
(5) according to CvValue calculate required for regulation opening value Xsp：
By CvExpression formula (8-1) is substituted into obtain：
XSPV=43.08% (8-5)
(6) aperture deviation is calculated：
The result of calculation of formula (8-5) is substituted into expression formula (3) to obtain：
E (k)=abs (43.08%-59.9%)=16.82% (8-6)
(7) controlled quentity controlled variable of output regulation throttle valve opening：
As e (k)>efgWhen, using expression formula (4) output control amount u (k), make choke valve with maximum speed
Aperture is regulated and controled toward 43.08 directions.
As e (k)≤efgWhen, using expression formula (5) output control amount u (k), output control uses PID approach
The accuracy controlling of progress 43.08 or so.
(8) new aperture measurement value is obtained.
Newest throttle valve opening value is gathered according to displacement transducer, and goes to step (6) and carries out new calculating
With control, untill the aperture setting value of choke valve is reached, throttle valve opening accuracy controlling is realized.
(9) increment size of back pressure deviation and back pressure is calculated.
According to currently measuring obtained pressure value and wellhead back pressure preset value calculation back pressure deviation
(ee (k)=PSP (k)-PPV (k)), and the controlled quentity controlled variable of the pressure substituted into needed for expression formula (8-3) is calculated
Increment size.Wherein, uu (k) is that increment type is exported, it is necessary to be increased and decreased to obtain pressure in former setting value
Controlled quentity controlled variable, and using the controlled quentity controlled variable of obtained pressure as choke valve aperture setting value.
It is assumed that after the completion of the coarse adjustment of the aperture regulation and control of above-mentioned internal layer, measurement throttling when being transferred to pressure controlling for the first time
The aperture of valve be 43%, throttle pressure is 3.7MPa, by the back pressure value of the well head set as 4MPa with it is above-mentioned
Parameter is substituted into expression formula (8-3) and ee (k)=PSP (k)-PPV (k), and calculating obtains back pressure deviation and is
Ee (k)=0.3, control output uu (k)=0.23.
(10) inner ring aperture regulation
The new target opening value obtained according to step (9), is transferred to step (6) and carries out open degree feedback regulation,
Until regulation is completed.
(11) new pressure measuring value is obtained
Gather throttle pressure sensing data and obtain new pressure measuring value, and be transferred to step (9) and pressed
Power finely regulating, untill wellhead back pressure is reached in the default accuracy rating of wellhead back pressure setting value, for example
0.05。
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of the wellhead back pressure regulation device according to another embodiment of the present invention.As illustrated,
Detection unit 51 performs step S110 operation, and quick regulation unit 52 performs step S120 operation, essence
Thin tuning unit 53 performs step S130 operation, is no longer developed in details herein.
Those skilled in the art should be understood that above-mentioned each module of the invention or each step can be with general
Computing device realizes that they can be concentrated on single computing device, or be distributed in multiple computing devices
On the network constituted, alternatively, they can be realized with the executable program code of computing device, so that,
It can be stored in storage device and be performed by computing device, or they are fabricated to each respectively and collect
It is fabricated to single integrated circuit module to realize into circuit module, or by the multiple modules or step in them.
So, the present invention is not restricted to any specific hardware and software combination.
Although disclosed herein embodiment as above, described content is only to facilitate understand the present invention
And the embodiment used, it is not limited to the present invention.Technology people in any the technical field of the invention
Member, do not depart from disclosed herein spirit and scope on the premise of, can implementation formal and details
On make any modification and change, but the scope of patent protection of the present invention still must be with appended claims institute
The scope defined is defined.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of wellhead back pressure regulates and controls method, including：
The back pressure value of well head and the opening value of choke valve are obtained in real time, and calculate the back pressure deviation and section of well head respectively
Flow the aperture deviation of valve；
When the back pressure deviation is more than default back pressure coarse adjustment threshold value, the aperture deviation pair based on the choke valve
Wellhead back pressure is regulated and controled, and choke valve is reached the aperture setting value of choke valve；
When the back pressure deviation is less than or equal to default back pressure coarse adjustment threshold value, the aperture based on the choke valve is inclined
The back pressure deviation of poor and described well head regulates and controls to wellhead back pressure, wellhead back pressure is reached wellhead back pressure setting value
Default accuracy rating in.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that inclined in the aperture based on the choke valve
Difference regulates and controls to wellhead back pressure, makes before choke valve reaches the aperture setting value of choke valve, in addition to, acquisition
The aperture setting value of choke valve：
Set up throttle valve opening characteristic curve；
Throttle valve opening corresponding with wellhead back pressure setting value is calculated based on the throttle valve opening characteristic curve, and
Using the throttle valve opening as choke valve aperture setting value.
3. method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that inclined in the aperture based on the choke valve
Difference regulates and controls to wellhead back pressure, and the step of making choke valve reach the aperture setting value of choke valve includes：
The opening value of choke valve is obtained in real time, according to the aperture setting value of the choke valve and the choke valve of acquisition
Opening value calculates the aperture deviation of choke valve；
When the absolute value of the aperture deviation is more than default deviation a reference value, the section is adjusted with maximal rate
Valve is flowed to regulate and control wellhead back pressure；
When the absolute value of the aperture deviation is less than or equal to default deviation a reference value, institute is adjusted in PID modes
Choke valve is stated to regulate and control wellhead back pressure.
4. according to the method in claim 2 or 3, it is characterised in that institute is set up according to following expression
State throttle valve opening characteristic curve：
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>X</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>S</mi>
<mi>P</mi>
<mi>V</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo>*</mo>
<msub>
<mi>C</mi>
<mi>v</mi>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>c</mi>
<mo>*</mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>C</mi>
<mi>v</mi>
<mn>3</mn>
</msubsup>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>d</mi>
<mo>*</mo>
<msup>
<mi>e</mi>
<msub>
<mi>C</mi>
<mi>v</mi>
</msub>
</msup>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>e</mi>
<mo>*</mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>C</mi>
<mi>v</mi>
<mn>0.5</mn>
</msubsup>
</mrow>
Wherein, XSPVFor the opening value of choke valve, CvFor the characteristic value of choke valve, a, b, c, d, e is constant coefficient.
5. method according to any one of claim 1 to 4, it is characterised in that based on the section
Before the aperture deviation of stream valve and the back pressure deviation of the well head regulate and control to wellhead back pressure, in addition to, obtain
The aperture setting value of choke valve：
Set up wellhead back pressure Controlling model；
Back pressure deviation based on the wellhead back pressure Controlling model and the well head obtained in real time calculates the control of pressure
Amount；
The controlled quentity controlled variable of the pressure is standardized to obtain the control output quantity of pressure, and by the pressure
The control output quantity of power as choke valve aperture setting value.
6. a kind of wellhead back pressure regulation device, including：
Detection unit, it obtains the back pressure value of well head and the opening value of choke valve in real time, and calculates well head respectively
The aperture deviation of back pressure deviation and choke valve；
Quick regulation unit, it is when the back pressure deviation is more than default back pressure coarse adjustment threshold value, based on the section
The aperture deviation of stream valve regulates and controls to wellhead back pressure, choke valve is reached the aperture setting value of choke valve；
Unit is fine-tuned, it is when the back pressure deviation is less than or equal to default back pressure coarse adjustment threshold value, based on institute
State the aperture deviation of choke valve and the back pressure deviation of the well head regulates and controls to wellhead back pressure, reach wellhead back pressure
Into the default accuracy rating of wellhead back pressure setting value.
7. device according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the quick regulation unit is according to following
Step obtains the aperture setting value of choke valve：
Set up throttle valve opening characteristic curve；
Throttle valve opening corresponding with wellhead back pressure setting value is calculated based on the throttle valve opening characteristic curve, and
Using the throttle valve opening as choke valve aperture setting value.
8. device according to claim 7, it is characterised in that the quick regulation unit is according to following
Step regulates and controls wellhead back pressure：
The opening value of choke valve is obtained in real time, according to the aperture setting value of the choke valve and the choke valve of acquisition
Opening value calculates the aperture deviation of choke valve；
When the absolute value of the aperture deviation is more than default deviation a reference value, the section is adjusted with maximal rate
Valve is flowed to regulate and control wellhead back pressure；
When the absolute value of the aperture deviation is less than or equal to default deviation a reference value, institute is adjusted in PID modes
Choke valve is stated to regulate and control wellhead back pressure.
9. the device according to claim 7 or 8, it is characterised in that the quick regulation unit according to
Following expression sets up the throttle valve opening characteristic curve：
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>X</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>S</mi>
<mi>P</mi>
<mi>V</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo>*</mo>
<msub>
<mi>C</mi>
<mi>v</mi>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>c</mi>
<mo>*</mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>C</mi>
<mi>v</mi>
<mn>3</mn>
</msubsup>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>d</mi>
<mo>*</mo>
<msup>
<mi>e</mi>
<msub>
<mi>C</mi>
<mi>v</mi>
</msub>
</msup>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>e</mi>
<mo>*</mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>C</mi>
<mi>v</mi>
<mn>0.5</mn>
</msubsup>
</mrow>
2
Wherein, XSPVFor the opening value of choke valve, CvFor the characteristic value of choke valve, a, b, c, d, e is constant coefficient.
10. the device according to any one of claim 6 to 9, it is characterised in that described to fine-tune
Unit obtains the aperture setting value of choke valve according to following steps：
Set up wellhead back pressure Controlling model；
Back pressure deviation based on the wellhead back pressure Controlling model and the well head obtained in real time calculates the control of pressure
Amount；
The controlled quentity controlled variable of the pressure is standardized to obtain the control output quantity of pressure, and by the pressure
The control output quantity of power as choke valve aperture setting value.
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| CN201610147654.6A CN107191154B (en) | 2016-03-15 | 2016-03-15 | Wellhead back pressure regulating method and device |
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| CN107191154B (en) | 2020-07-31 |
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