CN107190219B - The heat treatment method of the Casting Al-Li Alloy containing magnesium - Google Patents
The heat treatment method of the Casting Al-Li Alloy containing magnesium Download PDFInfo
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- CN107190219B CN107190219B CN201710225042.9A CN201710225042A CN107190219B CN 107190219 B CN107190219 B CN 107190219B CN 201710225042 A CN201710225042 A CN 201710225042A CN 107190219 B CN107190219 B CN 107190219B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/057—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with copper as the next major constituent
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of heat treatment methods of Casting Al-Li Alloy containing magnesium comprising the step of the processing of the three-stage solution that successively carries out and the step of slow heating ageing treatment.The present invention controls the main hardening constituent (Al of alloy by being heated slowly to this method of aging temp by reasonably optimizing aging treatment process3Li, Al2CuLi and Al2Cu volume fraction, size and distribution), more traditional aging treatment process can promote Al3Li's uniformly grows up and Al2The precipitation of Cu (θ ') phase promotes, S (Al2) and T1 (Al CuMg2CuLi it) the heterogeneous forming core of phase and grows up；This slow heating aging technique greatly improves the plasticity of the Casting Al-Li Alloy containing magnesium while improving Casting Al-Li Alloy intensity.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of heat treatment methods of Casting Al-Li Alloy containing magnesium, belong to field of aluminum alloy heat treatment technology.
Background technique
Aluminium lithium alloy material is a kind of advanced lightweight structure material, is developed especially in aerospace material in recent years
Rapidly, have density is low, specific strength and specific stiffness are high, elasticity modulus is high, fatigue crack growth rate is low, cryogenic property is preferable,
Many excellent comprehensive performances such as good corrosion resistance and brilliant superplastic forming performance.Conventional high-intensitive aluminium is replaced with it
Alloy can make architecture quality mitigate 10~20%, and rigidity improves 15~20%.
Lithium (Li) is metallic element most light in nature, and density is only 0.534g/cm3, research shows that: in aluminium alloy
The Li that every addition mass fraction is 1%, can make alloy density reduce by 3%, elasticity modulus is made to improve 6%.Li is dissolved in Al
A kind of metallic element of solubility with higher in body, maximum (4.2%), as temperature reduces, Li's are reached at 603 DEG C
Solid solubility reduces therewith, is then reduced to less than 1% at room temperature, ageing strengthening effect is obvious.During fixation rates,
Al3Li phase (δ ' phase) is precipitated from supersaturated solid solution, the Al in subsequent timeliness3Li, which meets, gradually to grow up, and has to strength enhancing
Very big contribution.But Al3Li phase is easy to be cut through by dislocation, and planar slip and strain can be caused to concentrate, when Li content is higher, at heat
Science and engineering skill require it is very stringent because Li element can near crystal boundary segregation, while Al3A large amount of precipitations of Li phase will cause alloy
Plasticity be greatly reduced, especially in deformation aluminium lithium alloy, dislocation density is high, it is easier to planar slip occurs and generates texture,
Material anisotropy is serious, thus the Li content that aluminium lithium alloy is deformed in practical application is lower (< 1.5wt.%).
And in Casting Al-Li Alloy, the limitation of Li content can suitably be relaxed, the reason is that dislocation density is compared to deformation
Alloy substantially reduces, and planar slip tails off.But also about the design of the ingredient of Casting Al-Li Alloy and the exploration of heat treatment process
In the presence of very big blank.Han Jiande of Shandong University et al. has studied the tissue and performance of casting Al-Li-Cu alloy, heat treatment
The tensile strength of alloy reaches 350MPa afterwards, but elongation percentage is only 0.4%；Russia researcher discovery by addition Cd and
Be element can improve the plasticity of Casting Al-Li Alloy, but Cd and Be are toxic elements.Many studies have shown that Mg element is becoming
There are many advantageous effects in shape aluminium lithium alloy, mainly there are following three aspects: 1. Mg element can reduce Li consolidating in Al matrix
Solubility, to promote Al in ageing impact toughness3The precipitation of Li phase (δ ') coherence strengthening phase；2. Mg can also play solution strengthening work
With, especially by Mg, Cu simultaneously be added in aluminium lithium alloy, formed Al-Li-Cu-Mg system when, Mg can be formed together Mg- with Cu
The vacancy Cu- cluster promotes Al2A large amount of precipitations of Cu phase (θ ') can also form the S phase (Al of lath-shaped2CuMg), solid matter face
It is not parallel to Al matrix, dislocation can only bypass S phase, to get along to form dislocation ring in S, effectively disperse planar slip, reduce nothing
The width in Precipitation area improves intensity and plasticity；3. the addition of Mg can also further decrease the density of alloy.And China
Former magnesium resource it is abundant, be low-cost alloy element, have good practical application value in aluminium lithium alloy.
But the addition of Mg element, Al may be precipitated in process of setting2CuMg, Al2MgLi and other low melting points
Non-equilibrium second phase, and the heat treatment difficulty of alloy can be further increased.It is dissolved alloying element sufficiently and does not occur
Burning, crystal grain do not occur to be obviously roughened yet, and are the key that solve the practical application of Casting Al-Li Alloy containing magnesium.Both at home and abroad for containing magnesium
The design of Casting Al-Li Alloy and the research of heat treatment process are seldom, therefore it is necessary to carry out exploration sex work.It can be for reference
The heat treatment process of aluminium lithium alloy be all design for deforming alloy, deforming alloy heat treatment usually first progress single-stage or
Then two-step homogenization carries out rolling or extrusion deformation processing, carries out high temperature, short time solid solution later, then carry out artificial aging
(T6 processing) or predeformation add artificial aging to handle (T8 processing).Typical deformation Al-Li-Cu-Mg deformation aluminium lithium alloy
Heat treatment process example has:
(1) AA2195 (Al-4Cu-1Li-0.4Ag-0.4Mg-0.11Zr): 450 DEG C ×+500 DEG C for 24 hours × 6h is carried out first
Alloy, is then preheating at 420 DEG C and carries out hot rolling by two-step homogenization processing, then carries out at 504 DEG C × 1h solid solution to thin plate
It manages, carries out artificial aging at 180 DEG C after quenching-in water；
(2) Al-2.13Li-1.28Cu-1.13Mg-0.2Zr: progress 450 DEG C × 16h+510 DEG C × 10h twin-stage first is uniform
Change processing, is then squeezed and deformed at 450 DEG C, then 530 DEG C × 1h high temperature, short time solution treatment is carried out to bar, in water
Artificial aging is carried out after quenching at 190 DEG C；
(3) AA2099 (Al-2.74Cu-1.77Li-0.32Mg-0.72Zn-0.34Mn-0.11Zr): 510 DEG C are carried out first
The processing of × 12h+530 DEG C × 36h two-step homogenization, is then squeezed and deformed at 470 DEG C, then carries out 540 DEG C to bar
× 1h high temperature, short time solution treatment, in 160 DEG C of progress artificial agings after quenching-in water.
Practical to prove, aluminium lithium alloy is very sensitive to heat treatment process, the heat treatment process phase of the aluminium lithium alloy of heterogeneity
Poor obvious, the Homogenization Treatments in deforming alloy are to improve deformability, high temperature, short time to dissolve non-equilibrium second phase in part
Solid solution is so that the second phase near crystal boundary is dissolved into matrix；Casting Al-Li Alloy is different, and solution treatment need to make as far as possible
Non-equilibrium second phase is dissolved in matrix, and otherwise the plasticity of alloy can be very poor, especially after timeliness, therefore at the heat of deforming alloy
Science and engineering skill can only be as reference.In the heat treatment of Casting Al-Li Alloy, it should guarantee that alloying element is sufficiently dissolved, non-equilibrium second
It mutually eliminates as much as, and excessive grain cannot be made to grow up.Al may be precipitated in the addition of Mg element in process of setting2CuMg,
Al2MgLi and non-equilibrium second phase of other low melting points, and the heat treatment difficulty of alloy can be further increased.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is overcoming the heat treatment of Casting Al-Li Alloy containing magnesium difficult, the low disadvantage of plasticity is cast for containing magnesium
It makes aluminium lithium alloy and develops multistage heat treatment process, provide a kind of heat treatment method of Casting Al-Li Alloy.Pass through this technique place
The Casting Al-Li Alloy containing magnesium of reason, can give full play to the potentiality of alloy, while obtaining high-intensitive, keep higher modeling
Property, realize Strengthening and Toughening.Be conducive to the application and development of high-strength casting aluminium lithium alloy in pushing.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
The present invention provides a kind of heat treatment methods of Casting Al-Li Alloy containing magnesium comprising the three-stage solution successively carried out
The step of the step of processing and slow heating ageing treatment.
Preferably, the step of three-stage solution is handled specifically includes following operation:
Magnesium Casting Al-Li Alloy will be contained successively to be consolidated at 445~465 DEG C, at 515~535 DEG C and at 540~550 DEG C
Molten heat preservation.
Preferably, the Casting Al-Li Alloy containing magnesium at 445~465 DEG C, at 515~535 DEG C and 540~
Soaking time at 550 DEG C is respectively 16~for 24 hours, 20~32h, 2~12h.
Preferably, in the three-stage solution processing, the heating rate of temperature-rise period is no more than 4 DEG C/min, control
Furnace temperature precision is ± 5 DEG C.
Preferably, the step of slow heating ageing treatment specifically includes following operation:
Three-stage solution treated Casting Al-Li Alloy containing magnesium is warming up to 150~170 DEG C with the rate of 6~10 DEG C/h
Under, timeliness keeps the temperature 8~32h.
Preferably, the step of slow heating ageing treatment is the salt bath furnace in controllable heating rate or oil bath
It is carried out in furnace, control furnace temperature precision is ± 3 DEG C.
It preferably, include each element of following mass percent: Li, 1.7 in the Casting Al-Li Alloy containing magnesium
~2.3wt.%, Cu, 1.5~2.5wt.%, Mg, 0.4~2.5wt.%, surplus are Al and inevitable impurity.
It preferably, further include in following element by mass percentage in the Casting Al-Li Alloy containing magnesium
It is at least one: Zr, 0.11~0.25wt.%, Yb, 0.1~0.3wt.%, Sc, 0.05~0.15wt.%, Ag, 0.1~
0.6wt.%.
More for the second phase type in Casting Al-Li Alloy containing magnesium, fusing point height is different, and single solution treatment is difficult, is difficult
Non-equilibrium second phase being enriched on crystal boundary, the situation for causing alloy plasticity toughness very poor are eliminated, the method for the present invention is consolidated using three-level
Molten processing, the first order be dissolved at 445~465 DEG C heat preservation 16~for 24 hours, guarantee the second phase of low melting point containing magnesium be sufficiently dissolved；Second
Grade is warming up to 20~32h of solid solution heat preservation at 515~535 DEG C, according to the opposite height of content of magnesium specific to a temperature in section
Spend near nodal heat preservation；Finally it is warming up at 540~550 DEG C solid solution 2~12h of heat preservation, high temperature, short time solution treatment, by indissoluble the
Two-phase is dissolved as far as possible, while avoiding burning and grain coarsening.The purpose of the slow heating ageing treatment is to allow in temperature-rise period
Al3The accumulation of vacancies that Li phase is grown up discharged forms the crystal defects such as dislocation ring, keeps the temperature in subsequent slow heating and timeliness
Cheng Zhong, these defects can be Al2Cu phase (θ ') and S phase (Al2CuMg) forming core and power of growing up are provided, alloy is further increased
Intensity while, dispersion sliding, reduce stress concentrate, greatly improve the plasticity of alloy, utilize heat treatment process realize alloy
Strengthening and Toughening, give full play to the potentiality of alloy.
Compared with prior art, the present invention have it is following the utility model has the advantages that
1, the present invention considers different non-equilibrium second phase (AlLi, Al in Casting Al-Li Alloy containing magnesium3Li、Al2Cu,
Al2CuMg, Al2MgLi and Al2CuLi solidus temperature), Interest frequency solid solubility temperature and soaking time, makes eutectic containing magnesium
The second phase of point is sufficiently dissolved under the lower solid solubility temperature of the first order, is avoided and was occurred in subsequent high temperature solution treatment
It burns, the second level makes main second phase Al2Cu and Al2CuLi etc. dissolves at relatively high temperatures, and it is solid finally to impose short time high temperature again
Molten processing guarantees the abundant solid solution of the second phase of indissoluble；High-temperature holding time is shortened, it is upper to greatest extent to solve non-equilibrium second phase
Dissolution and crystallite dimension increase between contradiction.In optimized temperature range, content of magnesium is relatively higher, and the classification that need to be used is solid
Molten temperature is relatively higher, and the temperature of corresponding artificial aging is relatively lower.Higher solid solubility temperature guarantees that alloying element is abundant
Dissolution, lower aging temp are Al in order to prevent3Li particle is largely precipitated and roughening rapidly.Compared with traditional solution treatment process,
The second phase for being enriched with the crystal boundary of Casting Al-Li Alloy containing magnesium nearby is greatly decreased, and alloying element is sufficiently dissolved, and is avoided simultaneously
Crystallite dimension rises appreciably, and greatly improves alloy in the elongation percentage of solid solution state and aging state, solves prior heat treatment process
The inductile problem of the insurmountable Casting Al-Li Alloy containing magnesium realizes the Strengthening and Toughening of alloy by being heat-treated；
2, the present invention is controlled by reasonably optimizing aging treatment process by being heated slowly to this method of aging temp
Main hardening constituent (the Al of alloy3Li, Al2CuLi and Al2Cu volume fraction, size and distribution), more traditional ageing treatment work
Skill can promote Al3Li's uniformly grows up and Al2The precipitation of Cu (θ ') phase promotes, S (Al2) and T CuMg1(Al2CuLi) phase
It heterogeneous forming core and grows up；This slow heating aging technique is greatly improved and is cast containing magnesium while improving Casting Al-Li Alloy intensity
Make the plasticity of aluminium lithium alloy.
Detailed description of the invention
Upon reading the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings, other feature of the invention,
Objects and advantages will become more apparent upon:
Fig. 1 is the as-cast structure photo of two kinds of alloys used in embodiment 1；
Fig. 2 is the metallographic structure photo of the alloy A and B in embodiment 1 after technique serial number 1-1 heat treatment；
Fig. 3 is the bright field image TEM photo of the alloy A in embodiment 1 after technique serial number 1-1 heat treatment；
Fig. 4 is the bright field image TEM photo of the alloy B in embodiment 1 after technique serial number 1-1 heat treatment；
Fig. 5 is grain size, tissue contrast metallographic group of the alloy under as cast condition in embodiment 2 containing magnesium alloy and without magnesium
Knit photo；
Fig. 6 is in embodiment 3 plus the alloy of Sc microalloying is compared with alloy B in embodiment 1 in as cast condition and solid solution state
Metallograph；
Fig. 7 is that treated that metallographic structure compares photo for different third level solution times in comparative example 5.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail combined with specific embodiments below.Following embodiment will be helpful to the technology of this field
Personnel further understand the present invention, but the invention is not limited in any way.It should be pointed out that the ordinary skill of this field
For personnel, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, various modifications and improvements can be made.These belong to the present invention
Protection scope.
Embodiment 1
Casting Al-Li Alloy containing magnesium used in the present embodiment for voluntarily melting and uses obtained by metal mold gravity casting,
Nominal chemical component is by mass percentage are as follows: Li 2.0%, Cu 2.0%, Zr 0.20%, 0.4%Mg, remaining is Al, is denoted as
Alloy B, for advantageous effect of the display Mg element in Casting Al-Li Alloy, same technique melts out the aluminium lithium alloy without magnesium
Group as a comparison, the actual constituent for being denoted as alloy A, alloy A and alloy B are as shown in table 1.As-cast structure is made of dendrite, brilliant
Continuous second phase is enriched in boundary, a and b is respectively the as-cast structure metallograph of alloy A and alloy B in the present embodiment in Fig. 1,
It is analyzed by XRD and EDS, the second phase is mainly by Al2Cu、Al2CuLi and Al3Li composition, containing there is also a small amount of in magnesium alloy
Al2CuMg phase.The elongation percentage of alloy is all 0.6~1.0% or so under as cast condition.
Be heat-treated respectively using alloy A manufactured in the present embodiment and alloy B, only control first order solution treatment when
Between it is different, obtain 6 samples, be denoted as A-1, A-2, A-3 and B-1, B-2, B-3 respectively, wherein sample A-1's and sample B-1
Heat treatment method is as shown in the technique serial number 1-1 in table 2:
Step 1: fine sand being placed in the vessel first, then is placed in heat-treatment furnace and is dried and heats up.Furnace temperature is stable at
After 450 DEG C of first order solid solubility temperature of setting, ready aluminium lithium alloy A and B is buried in dry fine sand.It is small to keep the temperature 16
Shi Hou is warming up to 515 DEG C and keeps the temperature 20 hours, is finally warming up at 540 DEG C and keeps the temperature 2 hours.It is transferred in warm water after heat preservation
Quenching.
Step 2: the alloy after solid solution is transferred in oil bath furnace (or salt bath furnace) and is warming up to 170 DEG C from room temperature with furnace, is risen
Warm rate is 8 DEG C/h, keeps the temperature 16 hours wait be warming up to 170 DEG C, water quenching after soaking time.
The first order solution treatment time of technique serial number 1-2 is 12h, the first order solution treatment time of technique serial number 1-3
For for 24 hours.
The practical constituent (mass percent/wt.%) of alloy is used in 1 embodiment 1 of table
| Alloy | Li | Cu | Mg | Zr | Fe | Al |
| A (is free of magnesium) | 1.96 | 1.95 | 0.014 | 0.21 | 0.13 | Bal. |
| B (contains magnesium) | 1.98 | 1.93 | 0.41 | 0.18 | 0.11 | Bal. |
Comparative example 1
This comparative example be in order to be contrasted, in embodiment 1 alloy A and alloy B according to traditional aging be heat-treated work
Skill is handled, and treatment conditions are as shown in comparative example 1 in table 2.
The multistage heat treatment process parameter of alloy in 2 embodiment 1 of table and comparative example 1
| Technique serial number | First order solid solution | Second level solid solution | Third level solid solution | Timeliness heating | Timeliness |
| 1-1 | 450℃×16h | 515℃×20h | 540℃×2h | 8℃/h | 170℃×16h |
| 1-2 | 450℃×12h | 515℃×20h | 540℃×2h | 8℃/h | 170℃×16h |
| 1-3 | 450℃×24h | 515℃×20h | 540℃×2h | 8℃/h | 170℃×16h |
| Comparative example 1 | 450℃×16h | 515℃×20h | 540℃×2h | -- | 170℃×16h |
Fig. 2 a and 2b are respectively the metallographic structure of alloy A and alloy B after technique serial number 1-1 solution treatment condition in table 2
Photo is mutually greatly reduced compared with remaining on as-cast structure crystal boundary.Fig. 3 is alloy A after technique serial number 1-1 heat treatment condition in table 2
Light field phase TEM photo, it can be seen that occur tiny Al after heat treatment3Li phase and Al3Li/Al3Zr compound particle and a small amount of
T1Phase, the aging state bright field image TEM photo that Fig. 4 is alloy B after technique serial number 1-1 heat treatment condition in table 2, adds Mg element
Afterwards, alloy precipitated phase type, size and the distribution of aging state vary considerably, Al2Cu (θ ') phase and T1Alloy mutually greatly improved
Intensity and plasticity.
The mechanical experimental results of alloy A and B after method heat treatment in embodiment 1 and comparative example 1 are respectively such as table 3
With shown in table 4.
The Multi-stage heat of alloy A treated mechanical experimental results in 3 embodiment 1 of table and comparative example 1
The Multi-stage heat of alloy B treated mechanical experimental results in 4 embodiment 1 of table
Embodiment 2
Casting Al-Li Alloy containing magnesium used in the present embodiment for voluntarily melting and uses obtained by metal mold gravity casting,
Nominal chemical component is by mass percentage are as follows: Li 2.0%, Cu 2.0%, Zr 0.20%, 2.5%Mg, remaining is Al.Adding
When adding the Mg element of high level, the as-cast structure of alloy is made of dendrite, and continuous second be enriched on crystal boundary is mutually more, brilliant
Grain has slight refinement compared to the control group that Mg element is not added, the reason is that constitutional supercooling caused by the segregation of Mg element is to as cast condition group
It is woven with certain refining effect, as shown in figure 5, the cast alloy containing 2.5Mg has than the crystal grain of the cast alloy (0Mg) without Mg
A degree of refinement.It is analyzed by XRD and EDS, the second phase that crystal boundary is nearby enriched with is mainly Al2Cu、Al2CuLi、Al3Li
And Al2CuMg phase.The tensile strength of alloy under as cast condition containing 2.5Mg is 200MPa, elongation percentage 0.8%.
Be heat-treated using Casting Al-Li Alloy containing magnesium manufactured in the present embodiment, only control first order solution treatment when
Between it is different, obtain 3 samples, be denoted as sample 2-1,2-3 and 2-3 respectively, wherein in the heat treatment method such as table 5 of sample 2-1
Shown in technique serial number 2-1:
Step 1: fine sand being placed in the vessel first, then is placed in heat-treatment furnace and is dried and heats up.Furnace temperature is stable at
After 465 DEG C of first order solid solubility temperature of setting, ready aluminium lithium alloy is buried in dry fine sand.Heat preservation 24 hours
Afterwards, 535 DEG C are warming up to and keeps the temperature 20 hours, is finally warming up at 550 DEG C and keeps the temperature 4 hours.It is transferred in warm water and quenches after heat preservation
Fire.
Step 2: the alloy after solid solution is transferred in oil bath furnace (or salt bath furnace) and is warming up to 150 DEG C from room temperature with furnace, is risen
Warm rate is 6 DEG C/h, keeps the temperature 12 hours wait be warming up to 150 DEG C, water quenching after soaking time.After adding Mg element, aging state
Alloy precipitated phase type, size and distribution vary considerably, Al2Cu (θ ') phase and T1Phase and S (Al2CuMg a large amount of analysis)
Out, the intensity and plasticity of alloy greatly improved.
The first order solution treatment time of sample 2-2 is 12h, and the first order solution treatment time of sample 2-3 is 30h.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example be in order to be contrasted, to the alloy in embodiment 2 according to traditional aging heat treatment process at
Reason, treatment conditions are as shown in comparative example 2 in table 5.
The Mechanics Performance Testing of alloy after the heat treatment of the present embodiment method is as shown in table 6.
The multistage heat treatment process parameter of alloy in 5 embodiment 2 of table
| Technique serial number | First order solid solution | Second level solid solution | Third level solid solution | Timeliness heating | Timeliness |
| 2-1 | 465℃×24h | 535℃×20h | 550℃×4h | 6℃/h | 150℃×12h |
| 2-2 | 465℃×12h | 535℃×20h | 550℃×4h | 6℃/h | 150℃×12h |
| 2-3 | 465℃×30h | 535℃×20h | 550℃×4h | 6℃/h | 150℃×12h |
| Comparative example 2 | 465℃×16h | 535℃×20h | 550℃×4h | -- | 150℃×12h |
Alloy is through Multi-stage heat treated mechanical experimental results in 6 embodiment 2 of table
Embodiment 3
Casting Al-Li Alloy containing magnesium used in the present embodiment for voluntarily melting and uses obtained by metal mold gravity casting,
Nominal chemical component is by mass percentage are as follows: Li 2.0%, Cu 2.0%, Zr 0.20%, 1.0%Mg, 0.11%Sc, remaining
For Al.Sc element is a kind of very effective fining agent in Al alloy, and compared to the alloy B in embodiment 1, crystallite dimension is big
Width reduces, and as-cast structure is changed into tiny from dendrite as shown in figure 6 a and 6b with the comparison of the grain size before Sc is added
Equiax crystal.Crystal boundary is nearby still enriched with continuous netted non-equilibrium second phase.The crystal grain significantly refined can not only improve alloy
Intensity, while can also have further promotion to plasticity.
Be heat-treated using Casting Al-Li Alloy containing magnesium manufactured in the present embodiment, only control first order solution treatment when
Between it is different, obtain 3 samples, wherein the heat treatment method of sample 3-1 is as shown in the technique serial number 3-1 in table 7:
Step 1: fine sand being placed in the vessel first, then is placed in heat-treatment furnace and is dried and heats up.Furnace temperature is stable at
After 450 DEG C of first order solid solubility temperature of setting, ready aluminium lithium alloy is buried in dry fine sand.Heat preservation 16 hours
Afterwards, 515 DEG C are warming up to and keeps the temperature 24 hours, is finally warming up at 540 DEG C and keeps the temperature 2 hours.It is transferred in warm water and quenches after heat preservation
Fire.Fig. 6 c and 6d are alloy in embodiment 1 in alloy B and the implementation case through in table 7 at the 3-1 solid solution of technique serial number
Metallographic structure photo after reason is mutually greatly reduced compared with remaining on as-cast structure crystal boundary, and the plasticity of alloy obtains mentioning greatly very much compared with as cast condition
It is high.
Step 2: the alloy after solid solution is transferred in oil bath furnace (or salt bath furnace) and is warming up to 170 DEG C from room temperature with furnace, is risen
Warm rate is 8 DEG C/h, keeps the temperature 16 hours wait be warming up to 170 DEG C, water quenching after soaking time.It is more used in the implementation case
Grade heat treatment process parameter is as shown in table 7.
The first order solution treatment time of sample 3-2 is 12h, and the first order solution treatment time of sample 3-3 is for 24 hours.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example be in order to be contrasted, to the alloy in the present embodiment according to traditional aging heat treatment process at
Reason, treatment conditions is shown in comparative examples 3 in table 7.
The Mechanics Performance Testing of alloy after the heat treatment of the implementation case method is as shown in table 8.
The multistage heat treatment process parameter of alloy in 7 embodiment 3 of table
| Technique serial number | First order solid solution | Second level solid solution | Third level solid solution | Timeliness heating | Timeliness |
| 3-1 | 450℃×16h | 515℃×24h | 540℃×2h | 8℃/h | 170℃×16h |
| 3-2 | 450℃×12h | 515℃×24h | 540℃×2h | 8℃/h | 170℃×16h |
| 3-3 | 450℃×24h | 515℃×24h | 540℃×2h | 8℃/h | 170℃×16h |
| Comparative example 3 | 450℃×16h | 515℃×24h | 540℃×2h | -- | 170℃×16h |
Alloy is through Multi-stage heat treated mechanical experimental results in 8 embodiment 3 of table
Comparative example 4
The ingredient of Casting Al-Li Alloy containing magnesium used in this comparative example is in the same manner as in Example 2, the difference is that at heat
Manage the details of technological parameter.
Comparative example 5
The ingredient of Casting Al-Li Alloy containing magnesium used in this comparative example is in the same manner as in Example 2, the difference is that at heat
Manage the details of technological parameter.
The specific comparative test heat treatment process parameter of comparative example 4~5 is as shown in table 9.
The multistage heat treatment process parameter of alloy in 9 comparative example 4 and 5 of table
| Comparative example serial number | First order solid solution | Second level solid solution | Third level solid solution | Timeliness heating | Timeliness |
| 4 | 465℃×0h | 535℃×20h | 550℃×4h | 6℃/h | 150℃×12h |
| 5 | 465℃×32h | 535℃×20h | 550℃×4h | 6℃/h | 150℃×12h |
The Mechanics Performance Testing of the alloy after the technical parameter heat treatment of example 4~5 is as shown in table 10 by contrast.As a result table
It is bright, the first order low temperature of Casting Al-Li Alloy containing magnesium solid solution be it is essential, guarantee low melting point second phase containing magnesium sufficiently dissolve, no
It can be enriched in crystal boundary, so that it be avoided to become the formation of crack of brittle fracture in subsequent solid solution and timeliness.In view of temperature compared with
The diffusion rate of solute atoms is relatively slow when low, and soaking time is relatively long；Guarantee the second phase of low melting point after completely dissolution, then
Extend first order solid solution soaking time not have a significant effect to the performance of material, therefore for energy saving consideration, was not necessarily to
Divide and extends first order solid solution soaking time.
Alloy is through Multi-stage heat treated mechanical experimental results in 10 embodiment 2 of table and comparative example 4 and 5
Comparative example 6
The ingredient of Casting Al-Li Alloy containing magnesium used in this comparative example is in the same manner as in Example 1, and nominal chemical component presses matter
Measure percentage are as follows: Li 2.0%, Cu 2.0%, Zr 0.20%, 0.4%Mg, remaining is Al, the difference is that heat treatment work
The parameter detail of skill.
Comparative example 7
The ingredient of Casting Al-Li Alloy containing magnesium used in this comparative example is in the same manner as in Example 1, and nominal chemical component presses matter
Measure percentage are as follows: Li 2.0%, Cu 2.0%, Zr 0.20%, 0.4%Mg, remaining is Al, the difference is that heat treatment work
The parameter detail of skill.
The specific heat treatment process parameter of comparative example 6~7 is as shown in table 11.
The multistage heat treatment process parameter of alloy in 11 comparative example 6 and 7 of table
| Sample serial number | First order solid solution | Second level solid solution | Third level solid solution | Timeliness heating | Timeliness |
| Comparative example 6 | 450℃×16h | 515℃×20h | 540℃×0h | 8℃/h | 170℃×16h |
| Comparative example 7 | 450℃×16h | 515℃×20h | 540℃×4h | 8℃/h | 170℃×16h |
Fig. 7 a is the metallographic structure photo without the alloy of third level solution treatment, it can be seen that crystal boundary nearby still can be rich
Collection has non-equilibrium second phase in part, is distributed also uneven；Fig. 7 b is that the third level (comparative example 7) after 540 DEG C × 4h processing is dissolved
State metallographic structure photo, only the second phase of minute quantity are not dissolved in matrix.Alloy in example 6 and 7 after method heat treatment by contrast
Mechanics Performance Testing it is as shown in table 12.Remaining not molten second, which meets, adversely affects the plasticity of alloy, near crystal boundary
Coarse second meet as potential formation of crack, make material that brittle fracture occur.But third level solution time is too long also
Cause crystal grain that more apparent roughening occurs, intensity, the plasticity of alloy can be in a slight decrease.Therefore, it is sufficiently dissolved in guarantee alloy
Under the premise of, the time of third level solution treatment should be as short as possible, guarantees intensity, the plasticity of material, while also saving energy consumption.
Alloy is through Multi-stage heat treated mechanical experimental results in 12 comparative example 6 and 7 of table
Embodiment 4
Casting Al-Li Alloy containing magnesium used in the present embodiment for voluntarily melting and uses obtained by metal mold gravity casting,
Nominal chemical component is by mass percentage are as follows: Li 2.0%, Cu 2.0%, Zr 0.20%, 1.5%Mg, 0.11%Yb, remaining
For Al.Yb is also a kind of fining agent effective in Al alloy, can form Al in the alloy3Yb particle is as heterogeneous forming core matter
Point, the crystal grain of effective refining alloy.The implementation purpose of the present embodiment is to prove timeliness heating rate to alloy aging state plasticity
Influence.Comparative example 8, comparative example 9 and comparative example 10 are characterized in that timeliness heating rate is different.
Specific comparative test heat treatment process parameter is as shown in table 13.
The multistage heat treatment process parameter of alloy in 13 embodiment 4 of table and comparative example 8~10
The parameter of set comparative experiments is with 20 DEG C/h, and the heating rate of 3 DEG C/min is warming up to 170 DEG C and is placed directly in
170 DEG C, compared to slow heating timeliness (embodiment 4), different heating rates has significant shadow to the plasticity of alloy after ageing treatment
Ring, heating rate is slower, and the crystal defect that the movement aggregation of vacancy in temperature-rise period is formed is more, promote θ ' mutually with S phase
Heterogeneous forming core and precipitation are grown up, and dispersion sliding is conducive to, and are reduced strain and are concentrated, while reducing δ ' (Al to a certain extent3Li)
The volume fraction of phase is greatly improved to the plasticity of alloy, and the ageing treatment that shows to heat up slowly is a kind of Effective Regulation casting aluminium lithium
The method of alloy microstructure, the effect in deforming alloy need specifically to study.
Alloy is through Multi-stage heat treated mechanical experimental results in 14 embodiment 4 of table and comparative example 8~10
In conclusion the present invention considers different non-equilibrium second phase (AlLi, Al in Casting Al-Li Alloy containing magnesium3Li、
Al2Cu, Al2CuMg, Al2MgLi and Al2CuLi solidus temperature), Interest frequency solid solubility temperature and soaking time shorten
High-temperature holding time, to greatest extent the upper dissolution for solving non-equilibrium second phase and crystallite dimension increase between contradiction.Compared with biography
System solid solution treatment process, greatly reduces the enrichment of non-equilibrium second phase near the crystal boundary of Casting Al-Li Alloy containing magnesium, alloying element
It is sufficiently dissolved, while avoiding the roughening of crystal grain, greatly improved alloy in the elongation percentage of solid solution state and aging state, solve
The inductile problem of the insurmountable Casting Al-Li Alloy containing magnesium of prior heat treatment process realizes the strong of alloy by heat treatment
Toughening.
The present invention controls composition, the ruler of the main hardening constituent of alloy by reasonably optimizing two-stage time effect temperature and soaking time
Very little and distribution, distinguished is that three-stage solution processing is largely effective to Casting Al-Li Alloy solution treatment, and shortens solid solution
Required time, being slowly warming up to the process that aging temp is kept the temperature again has apparent positive effect to alloy plasticity.Pass through heat treatment
The reasonable application of technique realizes the Strengthening and Toughening of the Casting Al-Li Alloy containing magnesium.
Specific embodiments of the present invention are described above.It is to be appreciated that the invention is not limited to above-mentioned
Particular implementation, those skilled in the art can make various deformations or amendments within the scope of the claims, this not shadow
Ring substantive content of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of heat treatment method of Casting Al-Li Alloy containing magnesium, which is characterized in that including the three-stage solution processing successively carried out
The step of and the step of slow heating ageing treatment,
The step of three-stage solution processing, specifically includes following operation:
Magnesium Casting Al-Li Alloy will be contained and successively carry out solid solution guarantor at 445~465 DEG C, at 515~535 DEG C and at 540~550 DEG C
Temperature；Soaking time of the Casting Al-Li Alloy containing magnesium at 445~465 DEG C, at 515~535 DEG C and at 540~550 DEG C point
Not Wei 16~for 24 hours, 20~32h, 2~12h；
The step of slow heating ageing treatment specifically includes following operation: by three-stage solution, treated containing magnesium casting aluminium lithium conjunction
Gold is warming up at 150~170 DEG C with the rate of 6~10 DEG C/h, and timeliness keeps the temperature 8~32h；
It include each element of following mass percent: Li, 1.7~2.3wt.%, Cu, 1.5 in the Casting Al-Li Alloy containing magnesium
~2.5wt.%, Mg, 0.4~2.5wt.%, surplus are Al and inevitable impurity.
2. the heat treatment method of the Casting Al-Li Alloy containing magnesium as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that at the three-stage solution
In reason, the heating rate of temperature-rise period is no more than 4 DEG C/min, and control furnace temperature precision is ± 5 DEG C.
3. the heat treatment method of the Casting Al-Li Alloy containing magnesium as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the slow heating timeliness
The step of processing, is carried out in the salt bath furnace or oil bath furnace of controllable heating rate, and control furnace temperature precision is ± 3 DEG C.
4. the heat treatment method of the Casting Al-Li Alloy containing magnesium as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that described to cast aluminium containing magnesium
It further include at least one of following element by mass percentage: Zr, 0.11~0.25wt.%, Yb, 0.1 in lithium alloy
~0.3wt.%, Sc, 0.05~0.15wt.%, Ag, 0.1~0.6wt.%.
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| CN108531782A (en) * | 2018-04-11 | 2018-09-14 | 上海交通大学 | One kind Casting Al-Li Alloy containing magnesium and preparation method thereof |
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| CN111676431B (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2022-06-07 | 中南大学 | Two-stage continuous aging treatment method for aluminum-lithium alloy |
| CN112281092B (en) * | 2020-11-09 | 2021-12-17 | 山东大学 | Heat treatment method for preaging, re-solid solution and re-aging of Al-Cu-Li alloy |
| CN113088845A (en) * | 2021-04-07 | 2021-07-09 | 北京工业大学 | Three-stage homogenization treatment process for Al-Cu-Li-Yb alloy |
| CN115852278A (en) * | 2022-12-05 | 2023-03-28 | 贵州航天新力科技有限公司 | Control method for surface oxidation in high-temperature heat treatment process of aluminum-lithium alloy |
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