CN108531782A - One kind Casting Al-Li Alloy containing magnesium and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
One kind Casting Al-Li Alloy containing magnesium and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108531782A CN108531782A CN201810322703.4A CN201810322703A CN108531782A CN 108531782 A CN108531782 A CN 108531782A CN 201810322703 A CN201810322703 A CN 201810322703A CN 108531782 A CN108531782 A CN 108531782A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
- C22C21/16—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with magnesium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/057—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with copper as the next major constituent
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of novel Casting Al-Li Alloys containing magnesium, and the aluminium lithium alloy includes each component of following weight percentage：1.6~1.99%Li, 0.8~1.8%Cu, 0.2~0.7%Mg, 0.1~0.25%Zr, Impurity Fe, Si, Na, K and P total amount be less than 0.25%, wherein Fe be less than 0.15%, surplus Al.When preparation, to obtain aluminium alloy after Al Cu, Al Zr intermediate alloys, fine aluminium, pure Mg and pure Li meltings, it is heat-treated again through 440~460 DEG C/32~40h+520~530 DEG C/24~36h double_stage guides, after hardening processing, the processing of 150~190 DEG C/16~48h single-stage artificial agings is carried out, the novel Casting Al-Li Alloy containing magnesium is obtained.The microscopic structure of such aluminium alloy obtained is uniform, and performance is stablized, and has compared to the lower density of traditional aluminium alloy, the mechanical performances such as higher elasticity modulus and rigidity, while of low cost.Ultimate tensile strength is up to 400~445MPa, while elongation percentage is 4.0~6.0%.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to class of metal materials and field of metallurgy, are related to a kind of preparation method of the Casting Al-Li Alloy containing magnesium, tool
Body is related to a kind of excellent by adding alloying element (Li, Cu, Mg, Zr) and corresponding heat treatment condition acquisition mechanical property
It is good, density is low, the preparation method of the high Casting Al-Li Alloy of elasticity modulus.
Background technology
The fast development of aerospace field proposes aircraft especially Large Civil Aircraft manufacturing industry increasingly strict
Requirement.The density for reducing material, improving the rigidity of material and damage capacitive becomes it and realizes the important hand that core technology is broken through
Section.Aluminium lithium alloy is the alloy in lightweight of a kind of low-density, high intensity, high rigidity and resistant to damage.Studies have shown that in aluminium alloy
1wt%Li is often added, alloy density can be made to reduce by 3%, and elasticity modulus improves 6%；Replace conventional aluminum alloys component excellent with it
Gesture is apparent.Aluminium lithium alloy has been increasingly becoming in contemporary aircraft design most one of the structural material of competitiveness.
Aluminium lithium alloy can be divided mainly into deformation aluminium lithium alloy, Casting Al-Li Alloy and powder metallurgy aluminium lithium according to processing technology
Alloy.In all polymorphic type aluminium lithium alloys, deformation aluminium lithium alloy because it is compared with traditional aluminium alloy, have density it is low, than strong
Degree and specific stiffness are high, elasticity modulus height, fatigue crack growth rate is low, cryogenic property is preferable, good corrosion resistance etc. is many
Comprehensive performance, be widely used on seating plane, helicopter, military aircraft and fighter plane.However, deformation aluminium lithium closes
There is also problems for gold：Manufacturing condition is stringent, and the anisotropic problem of material is serious, and Li contents are relatively low in alloy,
Weight loss effect unobvious, it is impossible to be used in the preparation etc. of complex structural member.Meanwhile both at home and abroad about the research of Casting Al-Li Alloy
Extremely lack, for aerospace field and military field (such as guided missile nacelle, torpedo shell) to complex structural member loss of weight,
The active demand of rigidity is improved, exploitation mechanical performance, casting character are excellent, and lower-cost novel casting aluminium lithium alloy gesture exists
It must go.
It is also very weak about the correlative study of Casting Al-Li Alloy at present, horizontal for heterogeneity, varying strength
There is also prodigious blank for the research of Casting Al-Li Alloy.It is existing limited studies have shown that due to lithium chemism very
Height, there is many difficulties, the intensity and elongation percentage for the Casting Al-Li Alloy developed are relatively low for the air-melted of aluminium lithium alloy.
Shandong University's Korea Spro's Jiande etc. has studied the variation of the tissue and performance of Al-Li-Cu ternary casting alloys, in aging state Al-
The mechanical property of 3Li-1Cu alloys reaches 350MPa, but elongation percentage is only 0.4%；Chinese patent literature CN
201610200924.5 disclose a kind of preparation method of high-strength light Casting Al-Li Alloy, and this alloy contains 3~3.5%
Li, 1~2%Cu, 0.5~2%Mg and micro Ag, Zr, Mn, density are only 2.49g/cm3, while there is higher mechanics
Performance (tensile strength is 380~408MPa, and elongation percentage is 2.9~3.5%).Chinese patent literature CN201410674805.4
The preparation method of another high-strength light Casting Al-Li Alloy is disclosed, alloy contains 2~3%Li, 1.5~2.5%Cu, 0.4
~1.2%Mg, 0.2~0.8%Zn, 0.1~0.8%Mn and micro Zr, Ti, Ce, by multiple element microalloying and
Double_stage guide, single-stage aging processing can obtain tensile strength in 400MPa, and elongation percentage is high-strength casting in 2.8~3.6%
Aluminium lithium alloy.This seminar, by changing the ingredient of alloy, reduces microalloy element on the basis of comprehensive forefathers' achievement
Addition type, save cost of material；The composition range of alloying element and corresponding heat treatment process are optimized, is developed
A kind of novel low density, high-toughness casting aluminium lithium alloy.The present invention can improve the rigidity of material effectively compared with low production cost,
There is broad prospect of application in the military projects such as guided missile nacelle, torpedo shell and field of aerospace.
Invention content
It is an object of the invention to overcome the shortcomings of existing Casting Al-Li Alloy development technique, a kind of low-density, height are provided
Tough, inexpensive novel casting aluminium lithium alloy and preparation method thereof, by add few microalloy element (Mg, Zr) and
Solid solution, ageing treatment, obtain that good mechanical performance, preparation process be simplified, the good Casting Al-Li Alloy of casting character, are made
Such aluminium alloy there is density more lower than conventional cast aluminium alloy and higher elasticity modulus, while than existing casting
The higher intensity of aluminium lithium alloy and elongation percentage, it is of low cost.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions：
In a first aspect, the present invention provides a kind of Casting Al-Li Alloys containing magnesium, by the following member of percentage
Element composition：
Li 1.6~1.99%, Cu 0.8~1.8%, Mg 0.2~0.7%, Zr 0.1~0.25%, surplus be Al and
Inevitable impurity element, in the impurity element, the total amount of Fe, Si, Na, K and P are less than 0.25%.
Two aspect important function are played in the addition of micro Mg, on the one hand can reduce the stacking fault energy of Al matrixes, promote T1
(Al2CuLi) the precipitation of phase (strengthening the best precipitated phase of effect in aluminium lithium alloy), to improve the intensity of material；Another party
Face, Mg atoms can fight for Cu atoms and heterogeneous nucleation point in matrix, introduce S (Al2CuMg) phase, to promote the tough of material
Property.It is the key that place of the invention to add micro Mg elements.
It is 0.2~0.7% that the range of Mg is added in the novel casting aluminium lithium alloy, and the addition of suitable Mg elements makes
The S phases of introducing are in an equilibrium state with the competitive precipitation behavior of T1 phases, realize while improving intensity and the extension of material
Rate；If Mg contents are less than this range, the S phases for having castering action to plasticity can not be introduced, hardening constituent can not be also effectively facilitated
The precipitation of T1 phases；If Mg contents are higher than this range, more S phases will be precipitated in alloy, the precipitation of T1 phases is to a certain degree
It is upper to be suppressed, since the dislocation density in casting alloy is relatively low, the S phases being uniformly precipitated are unable to get, the intensity of alloy is reduced
And toughness.
Preferably, in the impurity element, the content of Fe is less than 0.15%.
Second aspect, the present invention also provides a kind of preparation sides of the Casting Al-Li Alloy containing magnesium as described in claim 1
Method, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
S1, according to the metering of element than weighing aluminum bronze intermediate alloy, aluminium zirconium hardener, pure lithium, pure magnesium and fine aluminium respectively,
And other raw materials in addition to pure lithium are preheated to 190~250 DEG C；
S2, after melting fine aluminium, aluminum bronze intermediate alloy is added at 745~760 DEG C, aluminium is added after being kept the temperature at 750 DEG C
Zirconium intermediate alloy after fusing, forms melt, and spread coverture in the bath surface；
S3, after the temperature of the melt is down to 730~740 DEG C, pure magnesium is added under the protection of argon gas, stirs evenly
Afterwards, pure lithium is pressed into melt, surface scum is removed after pure lithium is completely melt and spreads coverture；
S4, after being refined at 720~730 DEG C, it is cooled to 710 DEG C of standings, casting, obtains alloy-steel casting；
S5, the alloy-steel casting is carried out to double_stage guide processing and single-stage aging processing successively, obtained described containing magnesium casting
Aluminium lithium alloy.
Preferably, the coverture is the mixed flux of LiCl and LiF, wherein the mass ratio of LiCl and LiF
It is 3:1~2:1.
Preferably, in the aluminum bronze intermediate alloy, the weight percent of copper is 49~51%；Among aluminium zirconium
In alloy, the weight percent of zr element is 4.8~5.3%.
Preferably, the soaking time described in step S2 is not less than 15min.
Preferably, the refining described in step S4 existing for refining agent or argon gas under the conditions of carry out, essence
The refining time is 5~10min, and the refining agent is carbon trichloride；The time of the standing is 10~30min.
Preferably, the casting carries out in steel die, and the steel die is first and is preheated to 190
~220 DEG C.
Described in step S5 double_stage guide processing concrete operations be：32~40h is first handled at 440~460 DEG C, then
24~36h is handled at 520~530 DEG C；The temperature of single-stage aging processing is 150~190 DEG C, processing time is 16~
48h。
440~460 DEG C of 32~40h of solid solution are the second phases of low melting point in order to enable the generation under the conditions of nonequilibrium freezing,
Including a small amount of S (Al2CuMg) phase, T2(Al6CuLi3) mutually and Al2MgLi phases, if solid solubility temperature is less than this temperature range, i.e.,
Make extension solution time that can not preferably be dissolved these second phases；If solid solubility temperature is higher than this temperature range, this in alloy
A little low melting points second are met fusing, burnt structure, the mechanical performance of severe exacerbation alloy occur.520~530 DEG C of solution treatment
24~36h is higher melting-point second phase (the predominantly Al in order to enable the generation under the conditions of nonequilibrium freezing2Cu and
Al2CuLi phases) fully dissolved, while the degree of supersaturation of solute and vacancy in alloy is improved as far as possible；Similarly, if solid solution
Temperature can not be effectively dissolved into matrix less than this second phase of temperature range；If solid solubility temperature is higher than this temperature range, close
These low melting points second are met fusing in gold, burnt structure occur.
Selected heat treatment process is depended in mechanical performance quality a big chunk degree of aluminium lithium alloy.Suitably
Heat treatment process can just give full play to the advantage of material.The temperature of the single-stage aging processing of use is too low, then reaches expected intensity
Required aging time is longer, and temperature is excessively high, can make most important hardening constituent δ ' (Al in casting alloy3Li) and
The roughening rate of δ '-PFZs (precipitate free zone) greatly increases, and the elongation percentage of alloy is greatly reduced, premature failure occurs
Phenomenon can not play the due mechanical performance of material.In the present invention preferred aging treatment process be at 175 DEG C processing 8~
32h, specific aging technique can suitably be adjusted according to specific Service Environment condition.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following advantageous effect：
1, the addition temperature of intermediate alloy is reduced as grain refiner using lower melting-point Al-5%Zr intermediate alloys
Degree reduces oxide inclusion and aluminium alloy residence time at relatively high temperatures because of the excessively high generation of smelting temperature, reduces element
Scaling loss and energy consumption；
2, pure Mg and pure Li are added at a lower temperature using under coverture and argon gas duplicate protection, reduce active
The burning tendency of element and oxide inclusion etc. improve the degree of purity of melt；
3, refining degasification carried out to melt with carbon trichloride refining agent or argon gas points 2~4 times, when casting is poured with argon gas protection
Casting, is effectively reduced oxidation and the air-breathing of alloy, improves the mechanical property of alloy；
4, the ingredient for optimizing alloy, adds the Li of moderate content, reduce segregation tendency of the Li elements near crystal boundary and
The planar slip brought and texture is largely precipitated in Al3Li phases, while according to the result of study of pertinent literature, the hot tearing of alloy
Tendency increases with the raising of Li constituent contents, and in about 2.6wt%, hot tearing is the most serious, and appropriate reduction Li contents are advantageous
In the casting character for improving alloy；
5, it is compared and low density basis the defects of deforming alloy Dislocations based on casting alloy, it is only necessary to add micro
Mg elements, which can be realized, prepares high-toughness casting Casting Al-Li Alloy, and principle is：Mg can reduce the stacking fault energy of Al matrixes, promote
Into the precipitation of T1 phases, to improve the intensity of alloy；Suitable S phases can be introduced by the Mg for adding micro, a small amount of S phases
In the presence of can effectively disperse to slide, alleviates stress concentration, improve the toughness of material；Mg elements can also reduce alloy simultaneously
Density；The Casting Al-Li Alloy that the present invention designs is of low cost, function admirable；
6, the addition type for reducing microalloy element, eliminates the additions such as microalloy element Zn, Mn, Ce, Ti, that is, saves
Cost of material has been saved, and has reduced the density of alloy, while low-alloyed density can also drop in Mg elements；What the present invention designed
Casting Al-Li Alloy is of low cost, function admirable；
7, have been carried out by system and has comprehensively been studied for alloy solid solution at different temperatures and ag(e)ing behavio(u)r, be directed in alloy
The suitable solid solution treatment process of height optimization of second phase fusing point, and aging treatment process is optimized, alloy is in the processing work
Its solution strengthening, precipitation strength effect can be given full play under skill.
Description of the drawings
Upon reading the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings, other feature of the invention,
Objects and advantages will become more apparent upon：
Fig. 1 is the metallographic structure photo of aluminium lithium alloy prepared by embodiment 1, wherein Fig. 1 (a) is Microstructures of As cast Alloys,
Fig. 1 (b) be alloy solid solution treated tissue；
Fig. 2 is the metallographic structure photo of aluminium lithium alloy prepared by embodiment 2, wherein Fig. 2 (a) is Microstructures of As cast Alloys,
Fig. 2 (b) be alloy solid solution treated tissue；
Fig. 3 is Casting Al-Li Alloy T6 state transmission electron microscope microstructure photos made from embodiment 3, and Fig. 3 (a) is to implement
The light field phase of 3 alloy of example, acicular T1 phases and S ' coexist, and Fig. 3 (b) is details in a play not acted out on stage, but told through dialogues phase, and it is multiple that Al3 (Li, Zr) is equally existed in matrix
Close particle and spherical shape Al3Li phases；
Fig. 4 is Casting Al-Li Alloy T6 state transmission electron microscope microstructure photos made from comparative example 2, and Fig. 4 (a) is comparison
The light field phase of 2 alloy of example, acicular T1 phases and θ ' coexist, and Fig. 4 (b) is details in a play not acted out on stage, but told through dialogues phase, it is seen that Al3 (Li, Zr) compound particles and ball
Shape Al3Li phases；Compared to embodiment 3, do not find that S ' phases, T1 phases, Al3 (Li, Zr) compound particle are reduced, spherical Al3Li phases increase
It is more；
Fig. 5 is Casting Al-Li Alloy T6 state transmission electron microscope microstructure photos made from comparative example 3, and Fig. 5 (a) is comparison
The light field phase of 3 alloy of example, S ' are in mutually coarse lath-shaped, are unevenly distributed, and Fig. 5 (b) is details in a play not acted out on stage, but told through dialogues phase, it is seen that Al3 (Li, Zr) is multiple
Close particle and spherical shape Al3Li phases；Compared to embodiment 3, T1 phases, Al3 (Li, Zr) compound particle are reduced, and spherical Al3Li phases increase,
S ' phase morphologies change.
Specific implementation mode
With reference to specific embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.Following embodiment will be helpful to the technology of this field
Personnel further understand the present invention, but the invention is not limited in any way.It should be pointed out that the common skill of this field
For art personnel, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, various modifications and improvements can be made.These belong to this
The protection domain of invention.
Embodiment 1
First fine aluminium, pure magnesium and intermediate alloy Al-Cu, Al-Zr are preheating to 190~225 DEG C, fine aluminium are then put into graphite
It is melted in crucible.After aluminium ingot fusing, Al-Cu intermediate alloys are added at 750~760 DEG C, after temperature of aluminum liquid goes back up to 750 DEG C,
Al-Zr intermediate alloys are added directly into molten aluminum, stirred evenly after its fusing and are sprinkled into coverture in bath surface
(LiF：LiCl=1:2) 15min, is kept the temperature.Mg is added under the conditions of argon gas protection, 730~740 DEG C, is fully stirred after its fusing
It mixes, take surface slag off and is sprinkled into coverture；Pure Li is then pressed into melt with bell jar, keeps leading to argon gas, waits for that it is completely melt
After stir evenly, take surface slag off and be sprinkled into coverture.After melt temperature is reduced to 720~730 DEG C or so, chlordene is used
Ethane refining agent or argon gas divide 2~4 times carries out refining degasification to melt, takes slag after refining off and spreads coverture, cools down
To 710 DEG C of 10~30min of standing.It stands and terminates to remove bath surface coverture, melt is cast to and is preheated to 200 DEG C or so
Steel die in.
The processing of 450 DEG C/32h+525 DEG C/28h double_stage guides, cold water quenching are carried out to obtained alloy；
It is (wt%) through chemical analysis alloying component：
The real yield of Li is：The real yield of 88%, Mg is：89%.
Casting Al-Li Alloy T4 states room-temperature mechanical property, elasticity modulus and density are：
Tensile strength：368MPa, yield strength：215MPa, elongation percentage：17.8%.
Elasticity modulus：78.1GPa density：2.570g/cm3。
Fig. 1 is the microscopic metallographic structure photo of high-toughness casting aluminium lithium alloy made from the present embodiment, and amplification factor is
200 ×, by Fig. 1 (a) it is found that the crystal grain of cast alloy is in cellular crystal or cellular dendritic crystals structure, nearby there are a large amount of nets for crystal boundary
Non-equilibrium second phase of shape distribution, seriously limits the intensity and plasticity of alloy.It, can from Fig. 1 (b) after solution treatment
Go out, non-equilibrium second phase is all dissolved in matrix substantially, and crystal boundary is apparent from, and grain size is basically unchanged.
Embodiment 2
First fine aluminium, pure magnesium and intermediate alloy Al-Cu, Al-Zr are preheating to 190 DEG C~225 DEG C, are then put into fine aluminium
It is melted in graphite crucible.After aluminium ingot fusing, Al-Cu intermediate alloys are added at 750~760 DEG C, wait for that temperature of aluminum liquid goes back up to 750
After DEG C, Al-Zr intermediate alloys are added directly into molten aluminum, stirred evenly after its fusing and are sprinkled into covering in bath surface
Agent (LiF：LiCl=1:2) 15min, is kept the temperature.Mg is added under the conditions of argon gas protection, 730~740 DEG C, after its fusing fully
Stirring, takes surface slag off and is sprinkled into coverture；Pure Li is then pressed into melt with bell jar, keeps leading to argon gas, waits for that it is completely molten
It is stirred evenly after change, take surface slag off and is sprinkled into coverture.After melt temperature is reduced to 720~730 DEG C or so, with six
Chloroethanes refining agent or argon gas divide 2~4 times carries out refining degasification to melt, takes slag after refining off and spreads coverture, drops
Temperature stands 10~30min to 710 DEG C.It stands and terminates to remove bath surface coverture, melt is cast to and is preheated to 200 DEG C of left sides
In right steel die.
450 DEG C/32h+525 DEG C/double_stage guide processing for 24 hours is carried out to obtained alloy, in 170 DEG C of timeliness after cold water quenching
16h obtains T6 state alloys；
It is (wt%) through chemical analysis alloying component：
The real yield of Li is：The real yield of 88%, Mg is：88%.
Casting Al-Li Alloy T6 states room-temperature mechanical property, elasticity modulus and density are：
Tensile strength：423MPa, yield strength：326MPa, elongation percentage：4.8%.
Elasticity modulus：78.0GPa density：2.565g/cm3。
Fig. 2 is the microscopic metallographic structure photo of high-toughness casting aluminium lithium alloy made from the present embodiment, and amplification factor is
200 ×, it is brilliant compared in embodiment 1 by Fig. 2 (a) it is found that the crystal grain of cast alloy is in cellular crystal or cellular dendritic crystals structure
Particle size slightly reduces, and crystal boundary nearby equally exists non-equilibrium second phase of a large amount of net distributions, seriously limits the strong of alloy
Degree and plasticity.After solution treatment, from Fig. 2 (b) as can be seen that non-equilibrium second phase is dissolved in matrix substantially, crystal boundary becomes
Clearly, but there are still not molten second phase, crystal grain on a small quantity slightly to grow up；The second not molten phase reduce alloy T6 states intensity
And plasticity.
Embodiment 3
First fine aluminium, pure magnesium and intermediate alloy Al-Cu, Al-Zr are preheating to 190 DEG C~225 DEG C, are then put into fine aluminium
It is melted in graphite crucible.After aluminium ingot fusing, Al-Cu intermediate alloys are added at 750~760 DEG C, wait for that temperature of aluminum liquid goes back up to 750
After DEG C, Al-Zr intermediate alloys are added directly into molten aluminum, stirred evenly after its fusing and are sprinkled into covering in bath surface
Agent (LiF：LiCl=1:3) 15min, is kept the temperature.Mg is added under the conditions of argon gas protection, 730~740 DEG C, after its fusing fully
Stirring, takes surface slag off and is sprinkled into coverture；Pure Li is then pressed into melt with bell jar, keeps leading to argon gas, waits for that it is completely molten
It is stirred evenly after change, take surface slag off and is sprinkled into coverture.After melt temperature is reduced to 720~730 DEG C or so, with six
Chloroethanes refining agent or argon gas divide 2~4 times carries out refining degasification to melt, takes slag after refining off and spreads coverture, drops
Temperature stands 10~30min to 710 DEG C.It stands and terminates to remove bath surface coverture, melt is cast to and is preheated to 200 DEG C of left sides
In right steel die.
450 DEG C/32h+520 DEG C/double_stage guide processing for 24 hours is carried out to obtained alloy, in 180 DEG C of timeliness after cold water quenching
32h obtains T6 state alloys；
It is (wt%) through chemical analysis alloying component：
The real yield of Li is：The real yield of 87%, Mg is：90%.
Casting Al-Li Alloy T6 states room-temperature mechanical property, elasticity modulus and density are：
Tensile strength：443MPa, yield strength：369MPa, elongation percentage：5.7%.
Elasticity modulus：77.8GPa density：2.567g/cm3。
Fig. 3 is the transmission electron microscope microstructure photo of high-toughness casting aluminium lithium alloy made from the present embodiment, by Fig. 3 (a)
The bright field image of alloy is it is found that be distributed with intensive needle-shaped T in alloy1Phase, while elongated lath-shaped S ' phases have also been precipitated；By Fig. 3
(b) dark field image of alloy is it is found that main hardening constituent should be the spherical δ ' particles and Al being uniformly precipitated in alloy3(Li, Zr) is multiple
Close particle；These a variety of precipitated phases coexisted have codetermined the mechanical property of T6 state alloys.
Embodiment 4
First fine aluminium, pure magnesium and intermediate alloy Al-Cu, Al-Zr are preheating to 190 DEG C~225 DEG C, are then put into fine aluminium
It is melted in graphite crucible.After aluminium ingot fusing, Al-Cu intermediate alloys are added at 750~760 DEG C, wait for that temperature of aluminum liquid goes back up to 750
After DEG C, Al-Zr intermediate alloys are added directly into molten aluminum, stirred evenly after its fusing and are sprinkled into covering in bath surface
Agent (LiF：LiCl=1:2) 15min, is kept the temperature.Mg is added under the conditions of argon gas protection, 730~740 DEG C, after its fusing fully
Stirring, takes surface slag off and is sprinkled into coverture；Pure Li is then pressed into melt with bell jar, keeps leading to argon gas, waits for that it is completely molten
It is stirred evenly after change, take surface slag off and is sprinkled into coverture.After melt temperature is reduced to 720~730 DEG C or so, with six
Chloroethanes refining agent or argon gas divide 2~4 times carries out refining degasification to melt, takes slag after refining off and spreads coverture, drops
Temperature stands 10~30min to 710 DEG C.It stands and terminates to remove bath surface coverture, melt is cast to and is preheated to 200 DEG C of left sides
In right steel die.
440 DEG C/32h+525 DEG C/double_stage guide processing for 24 hours is carried out to obtained alloy, in 180 DEG C of timeliness after cold water quenching
32h obtains T6 state alloys；
It is (wt%) through chemical analysis alloying component：
The real yield of Li is：The real yield of 88%, Mg is：90%.
Casting Al-Li Alloy T6 states room-temperature mechanical property, elasticity modulus and density are：
Tensile strength：420MPa, yield strength：339MPa, elongation percentage：6.1%.
Elasticity modulus：77.2GPa density：2.560g/cm3。
Embodiment 5
First fine aluminium, pure magnesium and intermediate alloy Al-Cu, Al-Zr are preheating to 190 DEG C~225 DEG C, fine aluminium are then put into stone
It is melted in black crucible.After aluminium ingot fusing, Al-Cu intermediate alloys are added at 750~760 DEG C, wait for that temperature of aluminum liquid goes back up to 750 DEG C
Afterwards, Al-Zr intermediate alloys are added directly into molten aluminum, are stirred evenly after its fusing and are sprinkled into coverture in bath surface
(LiF：LiCl=1:2) 15min, is kept the temperature.Mg is added under the conditions of argon gas protection, 730~740 DEG C, is fully stirred after its fusing
It mixes, take surface slag off and is sprinkled into coverture；Pure Li is then pressed into melt with bell jar, keeps leading to argon gas, waits for that it is completely melt
After stir evenly, take surface slag off and be sprinkled into coverture.After melt temperature is reduced to 720~730 DEG C or so, chlordene is used
Ethane refining agent or argon gas divide 2~4 times carries out refining degasification to melt, takes slag after refining off and spreads coverture, cools down
To 710 DEG C of 10~30min of standing.It stands and terminates to remove bath surface coverture, melt is cast to and is preheated to 200 DEG C or so
Steel die in.
460 DEG C/32h+530 DEG C/double_stage guide processing for 24 hours is carried out to obtained alloy, in 180 DEG C of timeliness after cold water quenching
32h obtains T6 state alloys；
It is (wt%) through chemical analysis alloying component：
The real yield of Li is：The real yield of 87%, Mg is：90%.
Casting Al-Li Alloy T6 states room-temperature mechanical property, elasticity modulus and density are：
Tensile strength：445MPa, yield strength：370MPa, elongation percentage：5.5%.
Elasticity modulus：77.8GPa density：2.569g/cm3。
Comparative example 1
The aluminium lithium alloy of the comparative example is according to the method system in the specification embodiment 1 in patent CN201410674805.4
Standby, the alloy being prepared is (wt%) through chemical analysis alloying component：
The real yield of Li is：The real yield of 75%, Mg is：85%
T6 states room-temperature mechanical property, elasticity modulus and the density of the Casting Al-Li Alloy is：
Tensile strength：402MPa, yield strength：314MPa, elongation percentage：2.8%.
Elasticity modulus：77GPa, density：2.59g/cm3。
Comparative example 2
The preparation method of this comparative example is same as Example 3, the difference is that：The Mg contents of addition are 0.10wt%.
Thus the alloy being prepared is (wt%) through chemical analysis alloying component：
The real yield of Li is：The real yield of 88%, Mg is：89%.
Casting Al-Li Alloy T6 states room-temperature mechanical property, elasticity modulus and density are：
Tensile strength：388MPa, yield strength：284MPa, elongation percentage：2.9%.
Elasticity modulus：78.0GPa density：2.571g/cm3。
Fig. 4 is the transmission electron microscope microstructure photo of Casting Al-Li Alloy made from this comparative example, by Fig. 4 (a) alloys
Bright field image is it is found that be distributed with a small amount of needle-shaped T in alloy1θ ' (the Al of phase and sheet2Cu) phase, T1The surface density of phase reduces, and does not have
S ' phases are found, therefore the intensity of alloy aging state, plasticity are greatly reduced；By the dark field image of Fig. 4 (b) alloys it is found that in alloy
Main hardening constituent be spherical δ ' particles, Al3(Li, Zr) compound particle is less, and δ ' is mutually easy to be cut through by dislocation, causes altogether
Face slides and stress concentration, drops low-alloyed plasticity.This comparative example shows that when the Mg contents of addition are very few T cannot be effectively facilitated1
The precipitation and introducing of phase have plasticity the S ' phases of castering action.
Comparative example 3
The preparation method of this comparative example is same as Example 3, the difference is that：The Mg contents of addition are 0.90wt%.
Thus the alloy being prepared is (wt%) through chemical analysis alloying component：
The real yield of Li is：The real yield of 88%, Mg is：89%.
Casting Al-Li Alloy T6 states room-temperature mechanical property, elasticity modulus and density are：
Tensile strength：420MPa, yield strength：345MPa, elongation percentage：2.1%.
Elasticity modulus：77.4GPa density：2.562g/cm3。
Fig. 5 is the transmission electron microscope microstructure photo of Casting Al-Li Alloy made from this comparative example, by Fig. 5 (a) alloys
Bright field image is it is found that be distributed with the S ' phases of coarse lath-shaped and minimal amount of needle-shaped T in alloy1Phase illustrates with Mg contents
Increase, in timeliness the precipitation of S ' phases occupy leading position so that the T of precipitation1The quantity of phase is reduced, the strength reduction of alloy；Together
When being unevenly distributed due to S ' phases, be in coarse lath-shaped, the effect of dispersion sliding greatly weakens, the plasticity of alloy also because
This is reduced.Being equally precipitated in the alloy known to the bright field image of Fig. 5 (b) alloys is a large amount of for spherical δ ' particles and a small amount of Al3
(Li, Zr) compound particle.
Comparative example 4
The preparation method of this comparative example is same as Example 3, the difference is that：The addition manner of Li is in Al-Li
Between the form of alloy (amount containing Li be 9.5~10.5wt%) be added, when addition, only carries out under the protection of coverture.
Thus the alloy being prepared is (wt%) through chemical analysis alloying component：
The real yield of Li is：The real yield of 80%, Mg is：90%.
Casting Al-Li Alloy T6 states room-temperature mechanical property, elasticity modulus and density are：
Tensile strength：433MPa, yield strength：360MPa, elongation percentage：4.5%.
Elasticity modulus：77.8GPa density：2.567g/cm3。
Comparative example 5
The technic metal of this comparative example is same as Example 3, the difference is that：Double_stage guide processing condition be：430
DEG C/32h+520 DEG C/for 24 hours, after cold water quenching T6 state alloys are obtained in 175 DEG C of timeliness 32h；
Casting Al-Li Alloy T6 states room-temperature mechanical property, elasticity modulus and density are：
Tensile strength：393MPa, yield strength：319MPa, elongation percentage：3.1%.
Elasticity modulus：77.8GPa density：2.567g/cm3。
Comparative example 6
The technic metal of this comparative example is same as Example 3, the difference is that：Double_stage guide processing condition be：480
DEG C/32h+520 DEG C/for 24 hours, after cold water quenching T6 state alloys are obtained in 175 DEG C of timeliness 32h；
Casting Al-Li Alloy T6 states room-temperature mechanical property, elasticity modulus and density are：
Tensile strength：388MPa, yield strength：309MPa, elongation percentage：2.1%.
Elasticity modulus：77.8GPa density：2.567g/cm3。
Comparative example 7
The preparation method of this comparative example is substantially the same manner as Example 3, the difference is that：The addition manner of Zr is with Al-
The form of 10Zr intermediate alloys (amount containing Zr be 9.5~10.5wt%) is added, and temperature when addition is 750~760 DEG C, heat preservation
20min or more.
Thus the alloy being prepared is (wt%) through chemical analysis alloying component：
The real yield of Li is：The real yield of 89%, Mg is：90%.
Casting Al-Li Alloy T6 states room-temperature mechanical property, elasticity modulus and density are：
Tensile strength：435MPa, yield strength：361MPa, elongation percentage：4.8%.
Elasticity modulus：77.8GPa density：2.567g/cm3。
In conclusion the Casting Al-Li Alloy for preparing of the present invention use added under coverture and argon gas duplicate protection Li,
Mg elements obtain higher Li, Mg element reality yield；Pass through the form addition of the Al-5wt%Zr intermediate alloys of low melting point
Zr elements reduce addition temperature, reduce high-temperature residence time；Only the strong of alloy is realized by adding micro Mg element
Toughening eliminates raw material, process costs that the addition of other trace alloying elements is brought, reduces the density of alloy, improve
Rigidity；And using grade and stage handle, given full play to the mechanical property of alloy, successfully develop a kind of novel high-strength it is tough, at
This cheap Casting Al-Li Alloy.
Specific embodiments of the present invention are described above.It is to be appreciated that the invention is not limited in above-mentioned
Particular implementation, those skilled in the art can make various deformations or amendments within the scope of the claims, this not shadow
Ring the substantive content of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of Casting Al-Li Alloy containing magnesium, which is characterized in that be made of the following element of percentage：
Li 1.6~1.99%, Cu 0.8~1.8%, Mg 0.2~0.7%, Zr 0.1~0.25%, surplus are Al and can not
The impurity element avoided, in the impurity element, the total amount of Fe, Si, Na, K and P are less than 0.25%.
2. Casting Al-Li Alloy containing magnesium as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in the impurity element, the content of Fe is small
In 0.15%.
3. a kind of preparation method of the Casting Al-Li Alloy containing magnesium as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that including walking as follows
Suddenly：
S1, according to the metering of element than weighing aluminum bronze intermediate alloy, aluminium zirconium hardener, pure lithium, pure magnesium and fine aluminium respectively, and will
Other raw materials in addition to pure lithium are preheated to 190~250 DEG C；
S2, after melting fine aluminium, aluminum bronze intermediate alloy is added at 745~760 DEG C, is added in aluminium zirconium after being kept the temperature at 750 DEG C
Between alloy, after fusing, form melt, and spread coverture in the bath surface；
S3, after the temperature of the melt is down to 730~740 DEG C, pure magnesium is added under the protection of argon gas, after stirring evenly, will
In pure lithium indentation melt, surface scum is removed after pure lithium is completely melt and spreads coverture；
S4, after being refined at 720~730 DEG C, it is cooled to 710 DEG C of standings, casting, obtains alloy-steel casting；
S5, the alloy-steel casting is carried out to double_stage guide processing and single-stage aging processing successively, obtained described containing magnesium casting aluminium lithium
Alloy.
4. the preparation method of the Casting Al-Li Alloy containing magnesium as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that the coverture is LiCl
With the mixed flux of LiF, wherein the mass ratio of LiCl and LiF is 3:1~2:1.
5. the preparation method of the Casting Al-Li Alloy containing magnesium as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that the aluminum bronze intermediate alloy
In, the weight percent of copper is 49~51%；In aluminium zirconium hardener, the weight percent of zr element is 4.8~
5.3%.
6. the preparation method of the Casting Al-Li Alloy containing magnesium as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that the guarantor described in step S2
The warm time is not less than 15min.
7. the preparation method of the Casting Al-Li Alloy containing magnesium as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that the essence described in step S4
It is carried out under the conditions of refining is existing for refining agent or argon gas, refining time is 5~10min, and the refining agent is carbon trichloride；
The time of the standing is 10~30min.
8. the preparation method of the Casting Al-Li Alloy containing magnesium as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that cast described in step S4
It is carried out in steel die, the steel die is first and is preheated to 190~220 DEG C.
9. the preparation method of the Casting Al-Li Alloy containing magnesium as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that double described in step S5
Grade solution treatment concrete operations be：First at 440~460 DEG C handle 32~40h, then at 520~530 DEG C processing 24~
36h；The temperature of the single-stage aging processing is 150~190 DEG C, and processing time is 16~48h.
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| CN110576162A (en) * | 2019-10-14 | 2019-12-17 | 北京理工大学 | lithium element adding method in aluminum-lithium alloy semi-continuous casting |
| CN112981198A (en) * | 2021-02-05 | 2021-06-18 | 太原理工大学 | Short-process preparation method of high-strength and high-toughness aluminum-lithium alloy sheet |
| CN114540679A (en) * | 2022-04-26 | 2022-05-27 | 北京理工大学 | Trace element composite reinforced high-strength aluminum-lithium alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN115747590A (en) * | 2022-12-08 | 2023-03-07 | 中南大学 | Damage-resistant aluminum-lithium alloy and preparation method and application thereof |
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