CN107181054A - Dipole antenna - Google Patents
Dipole antenna Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107181054A CN107181054A CN201710212689.8A CN201710212689A CN107181054A CN 107181054 A CN107181054 A CN 107181054A CN 201710212689 A CN201710212689 A CN 201710212689A CN 107181054 A CN107181054 A CN 107181054A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- radiant body
- antenna
- segment
- dipole antenna
- radio frequency
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
- H01Q9/20—Two collinear substantially straight active elements; Substantially straight single active elements
- H01Q9/22—Rigid rod or equivalent tubular element or elements
Landscapes
- Details Of Aerials (AREA)
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of dipole antenna, including：First radiant body, length is 1/4 wavelength of correspondence predeterminated frequency；Second radiant body, length is 1/4 wavelength of correspondence predeterminated frequency, and forms the first sub- dipole antenna with first radiant body；3rd radiant body, length is 1/2 wavelength of correspondence predeterminated frequency, and the both sides of the second radiant body are separately positioned on the first radiant body, the 3rd radiant body is connected to form the second sub- dipole antenna with the second radiant body, and the 3rd radiant body is superimposed in the same direction with the signal phase that the second radiant body is transmitted.First radiant body and the second radiant body constitute the first sub- dipole antenna, 3rd radiant body is connected with the second radiant body and the signal phase of two radiant body transmission is superimposed in the same direction, the intensity of signal can thus be strengthened, without cancelling out each other, constitute the dipole antenna of a half-wavelength, two dipole antenna superpositions, antenna gain substantially, and then enhances coverage distance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of antenna, more particularly to a kind of dipole antenna.
Background technology
As people constantly strengthen the integrated requirement of communication quality and communication equipment.It is used as communication equipment subassembly, day
The need for line is also required to higher performance to meet communication system.The popularity rate lifting speed of various mobile terminal devices socially
Degree is very fast, and among these, most convenient, most quick way are exactly wireless access way, because wireless access way saving
Substantial amounts of network construction expense, can quickly plan, Fast Installation, quickly come into operation, safeguard also relatively succinct.
Wherein, traditional dipole antenna is a kind of classical, most popular so far antenna, and extensive use
In wireless access field, but traditional dipole antenna coverage distance is inadequate.
The content of the invention
Based on this, it is necessary to provide a kind of coverage distance bigger dipole antenna.
A kind of dipole antenna, including：
First radiant body, length is 1/4 wavelength of correspondence predeterminated frequency；
Second radiant body, length is 1/4 wavelength of the correspondence predeterminated frequency, and forms first with first radiant body
Sub- dipole antenna；
3rd radiant body, length is 1/2 wavelength of the correspondence predeterminated frequency, and is set respectively with first radiant body
In the both sides of the second radiant body, the 3rd radiant body connects to form the second sub- dipole antenna with the second radiant body, and described
Three radiant bodies are superimposed in the same direction with the signal phase that the second radiant body is transmitted.
In one of the embodiments, the dipole antenna also includes radio frequency line, and the radio frequency line is from inside to outside successively
Including inner conductor, insulator, external conductor and sheath；Expose inner conductor and electric with the first radiant body in described radio frequency line one end
Property connection, the radio frequency line with the second radiant body junction close to the first radiant body and exposing external conductor and the second radiant body
It is electrically connected with, the radio frequency line in close second radiant body and exposes external conductor and the 3rd radiation with the 3rd radiant body junction
Body is electrically connected with.
In one of the embodiments, second radiant body includes the 4th antenna segment, the 5th antenna segment and the 6th antenna
Section, the 5th antenna segment and the 6th antenna segment are symmetricly set on the 4th antenna segment both sides, the 4th antenna segment and radio frequency line
External conductor be electrically connected with.
In one of the embodiments, the 4th antenna segment is vertically arranged with radio frequency line, the 5th antenna segment and
Six antenna segments are be arranged in parallel with radio frequency line, and the radio frequency line is arranged between the 5th antenna segment and the 6th antenna segment.
In one of the embodiments, the 3rd radiant body differs 180 ° of integer with the signal phase that the second radiant body is transmitted
It is superimposed again and in the same direction.
In one of the embodiments, the first radiant body includes first antenna section, the second antenna segment and the being sequentially connected
Triantennary section, the width of second antenna segment is more than first antenna section and third antenna section.
In one of the embodiments, the first radiant body includes first antenna section, the second antenna segment and the being sequentially connected
Triantennary section, third antenna section is set close to the second radiant body, the width of the third antenna section than the first radiant body with
Second radiant body is small.
In one of the embodiments, the width of the third antenna section is gradually reduced along the second radiant body direction.
In one of the embodiments, the width of the 3rd radiant body is more than the width of the second radiant body.
In one of the embodiments, first radiant body, the second radiant body and the 3rd radiant body are all disposed within printing
On circuit board.
Above-mentioned dipole antenna to conventional dipole sub-antenna by improveing, and the first radiant body is feed point radiating doublet,
Second radiant body is eradiation oscillator, the first radiant body and 1/4 wavelength that the second radiation body length is correspondence predeterminated frequency, first
Radiant body and the second radiant body constitute the first sub- dipole antenna, and the 3rd radiation body length is 1/2 wavelength of correspondence predeterminated frequency,
3rd radiant body connected with the second radiant body to be formed the second sub- dipole antenna and the transmission of two radiant bodies signal phase it is same
It to superposition, can thus strengthen the intensity of signal, without cancelling out each other, constitute the dipole antenna of a half-wavelength,
Two sub- dipole antenna superpositions, antenna gain substantially, and then enhances the coverage distance of dipole antenna.
Brief description of the drawings
In order to illustrate more clearly about the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, below will be to embodiment or existing
There is the accompanying drawing used required in technology description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only this
Some embodiments of invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, on the premise of not paying creative work, can be with
The accompanying drawing of other embodiment is obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of a traditional dipole antenna；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of dipole antenna in an embodiment；
Fig. 3 is radio frequency line structure chart in an embodiment；
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of dipole antenna in another embodiment.
Embodiment
For the ease of understanding the present invention, the present invention is described more fully below with reference to relevant drawings.In accompanying drawing
Give the preferred embodiment of the present invention.But, the present invention can be realized in many different forms, however it is not limited to herein
Described embodiment.On the contrary, the purpose for providing these embodiments is to make the understanding to the disclosure more saturating
It is thorough comprehensive.
It should be noted that when element is referred to as " being fixed on " another element, it can be directly on another element
Or can also have element placed in the middle.When an element is considered as " connection " another element, it can be directly connected to
To another element or it may be simultaneously present centering elements.Term as used herein " vertical ", " level ", " left side ",
" right side " and similar statement are for illustrative purposes only.
Unless otherwise defined, all of technologies and scientific terms used here by the article is with belonging to technical field of the invention
The implication that technical staff is generally understood that is identical.Term used in the description of the invention herein is intended merely to description tool
The purpose of the embodiment of body, it is not intended that in the limitation present invention.Term as used herein " and/or " include one or more phases
The arbitrary and all combination of the Listed Items of pass.
Fig. 1 is a kind of schematic diagram of traditional dipole antenna, and conventional dipole sub-antenna is by the He of feed point radiating doublet 110
Eradiation oscillator 120 is constituted, and structure is also most simple, and wherein feed point radiating doublet 110 and eradiation oscillator 120 are assigned frequency
1/4 wavelength, feed point radiating doublet 110 and eradiation oscillator 120 are arranged on conventional print-circuit board 130 (pcb board).It is single
Dipole antenna (half-wave dipole) is made up of two conductors, and every is that 1/4 wavelength, i.e. overall antenna length degree are half-wavelength.Dipole belongs to
In omnidirectional antenna, covered with horizontal 360-degree signal, efficiency comparison is high, but theoretical maximum gain is 2.15dBi, and bandwidth ratio
It is narrower.
Fig. 2 is a kind of schematic diagram of dipole antenna, and the dipole antenna includes the first radiant body 210, the second radiant body
220 and the 3rd radiant body 230.Wherein the length of the first radiant body 210 is 1/4 wavelength of correspondence predeterminated frequency；Second radiant body 220
Length be to should predeterminated frequency 1/4 wavelength, and with the first radiant body 210 formation the first sub- dipole antenna；3rd radiation
The length of body 230 be to should predeterminated frequency 1/2 wavelength, and be separately positioned on the second radiant body 220 with the first radiant body 210
Both sides, the 3rd radiant body 230 is connected with the second radiant body 220 forms the second sub- dipole antenna, the 3rd radiant body 230 and second
The signal phase that radiant body 220 is transmitted is superimposed in the same direction.
The dipole antenna of the present embodiment to conventional dipole sub-antenna by improveing, wherein the first radiant body 210 is
Feed point radiating doublet, the second radiant body 220 is eradiation oscillator, and constitutes the first sub- dipole antenna, the first sub- dipole day
Line is similar to traditional dipole antenna, and the 3rd radiant body 230 is connected with the second radiant body 220 forms the second sub- dipole antenna
And the signal phase of two radiant body transmission is superimposed in the same direction, can thus strengthen the intensity of signal, without cancelling out each other,
The dipole antenna of a half-wavelength is constituted, two sub- dipole antenna superpositions, antenna gain substantially, and then enhances dipole
The coverage distance of sub-antenna.The rated frequency that predeterminated frequency sends or received for needs.
Wherein, dipole antenna also includes radio frequency line 250, and with reference to shown in Fig. 3, radio frequency line 250 includes successively from inside to outside
Inner conductor 251, insulator 252, external conductor 253 and sheath 254；Expose inner conductor 251 and with the one end of radio frequency line 250
One radiant body 210 is electrically connected with, and radio frequency line 250 exposes outside close to the first radiant body 210 and with the junction of the second radiant body 220
Portion's conductor 253 is electrically connected with the second radiant body 220, radio frequency line 250 close to the second radiant body 220 and with the 3rd radiant body
Expose external conductor 253 and be electrically connected with the 3rd radiant body 230 in 230 junctions.Second radiant body 210 is made by radio frequency line 250
Connected with the 3rd radiant body 220.There are space, the second radiant body 220 and in the middle of second radiant body 220 and the 3rd radiant body 230
Three radiant bodies 230 are not strict dipole by radio frequency line 250 series equivalent, one dipole antenna.First radiation
First sub- dipole antenna of the radiant body 220 of body 210 and second composition is strict dipole.First radiant body 210 and second
Also there is space in the middle of radiant body 220.Pass through the insulator of radio frequency line 250 between first radiant body 210 and the second radiant body 220
252 separate.
Alternatively, the second radiant body 220 includes the 4th antenna segment 226, the 5th antenna segment 224 and the 6th antenna segment 225, the
Five antenna segments 224 and the 6th antenna segment 225 are symmetricly set on the both sides of the 4th antenna segment 226, the 4th antenna segment 226 and radio frequency line
250 external conductor is electrically connected with.Wherein, the 4th antenna segment 226 can be vertically arranged with radio frequency line 250, and be led by outside
Body is electrically connected with radio frequency line 250, and the 5th antenna segment 224 and the 6th antenna segment 225 can be arranged in parallel with radio frequency line 250, penetrate
Frequency line 250 is arranged between the 5th antenna segment 224 and the 6th antenna segment 225.Being arranged such can be set in limited space
The 5th longer antenna segment 224 and the 6th antenna segment 225.While and the 5th antenna segment 224 and the 6th antenna segment 225 are formed symmetrically
Structure can allow radio frequency line 250 to pass through the midpoint of the 4th antenna segment 226, and the 5th antenna segment 224 and the 6th antenna segment 225 form one
The effect of individual similar chokes set, while allowing left and right arms to have shunting, and is balanced shunting so that radio frequency line 250 is natural with ground
Balance.
Further, the 3rd radiant body 230 differs 180 ° with the signal phase that the second radiant body 220 is transmitted and folded in the same direction
Plus.Strengthen the intensity of signal, without cancelling out each other, strengthen the gain of antenna.Can certainly the 3rd radiant body 230 and second
The signal phase that radiant body 220 is transmitted differs 180 ° of integral multiple, to strengthen the intensity of signal after meeting superposition in the same direction, without
Cancel out each other, strengthen the gain of antenna.Wherein it is possible to by adjust between the 3rd radiant body 230 and the second radiant body 220 away from
From so that two radiant body phases differ 180 °.
Alternatively, the width of the 3rd radiant body 230 can be more than the width of the second radiant body 220 and the first radiant body 210.
Increase the width of the 3rd radiant body 230 using existing space as far as possible, impedance can be increased, bandwidth is improved.
In the present embodiment, the first radiant body 210, the second radiant body 220 and the 3rd radiant body 230 are all disposed within printed circuit
On plate 240 (pcb board).It is convenient to make, the antenna of small volume, it is adaptable to small-sized electronic product, such as router WIFI.Wherein,
Width of the width of 3rd radiant body 230 close to printed circuit board (PCB) 240 (pcb board).Wherein, printed circuit board (PCB) 240 can be set
Trapezium structure is set to, the first radiant body 210 is located at shorter side, the 3rd radiant body 230 it can also be provided that trapezoidal, with using existing
There is space to increase the width of the 3rd radiant body 230, impedance can be increased, bandwidth is improved.
Above-mentioned formula is beamwidth of antenna calculation formula.Wherein, Bandwidth is bandwidth, fuFor the peak frequency of bandwidth, f1
For the minimum frequency of bandwidth, frFor resonant frequency, Q is quality factor, and R is the loss component of antenna, and L divides for the sensing of antenna
Amount, C is the capacitive component of antenna, and S is the volume of antenna.∝ is to be proportional to.
Fig. 4 is another dipole antenna, and the main distinction of the present embodiment and above-described embodiment is the first radiant body.
Wherein, the first radiant body 210 can include first antenna section 211, the second antenna segment 212 and the 3rd being sequentially connected
Antenna segment 213, the width of the second antenna segment 212 is more than first antenna section 211 and third antenna section 213.So as to increase by the first spoke
The impedance of beam 210, so as to drop low reactance-resistance ratio, the inverse of Q values is directly proportional in bandwidth, and Q values are smaller, and bandwidth is bigger.Second antenna segment
212 can when making, width is just bigger than first antenna section 211 and third antenna section 213, the second antenna can also be given again below
Section 212 increases loading blocks, increases the impedance of the first radiant body 210.
Also alternatively, the first radiant body 210 can include first antenna section 211, the and of the second antenna segment 212 being sequentially connected
Third antenna section 213, third antenna section 213 is set close to the second radiant body 220, and the width of third antenna section 213 is than the first spoke
The radiant body 212 of beam 211 and second is small.So as to increase the impedance of the first radiant body 210, so as to drop low reactance-resistance ratio, the inverse of Q values is into just
Than in bandwidth, Q values are smaller, and bandwidth is bigger.Further, third antenna section 213 width along the direction of the second radiant body 220 by
It is decrescence small.Trapezoidal grading structure can be used, it would however also be possible to employ the structure that step-in-width is gradually reduced.Third antenna section 213
Width reduce transition compare naturally, not influenceing antenna quality.The wherein width of first antenna section and the second antenna segment can be with
A part for first antenna section can be omitted or be by being set to the same then the second antenna segment.
Also alternatively, the first radiant body 210 can include first antenna section 211, the and of the second antenna segment 212 being sequentially connected
Third antenna section 213, the width of the second antenna segment 212 is more than first antenna section 211 and third antenna section 213.Third antenna section
213 are set close to the second radiant body 220, and the width of third antenna section 213 is smaller than the first radiant body 211 and the second radiant body 212.
Further, the width of third antenna section 213 is gradually reduced along the direction of the second radiant body 220.Trapezoidal gradual change can be used
Structure, it would however also be possible to employ the structure that step-in-width is gradually reduced.Can be than individually to the second antenna segment 212 or third antenna section
213 improve the higher frequency bandwidth of acquisition.
First radiant body 210, the second radiant body 220 and the 3rd radiant body 230 are all disposed within the (PCB of printed circuit board (PCB) 240
Plate) on.Wherein the first antenna section 211 of the first radiant body 210, the second antenna segment 212 and third antenna section 213 can integrally into
Type.
Antenna feed point radiating doublet is the first radiation on traditional dipole antenna by the dipole antenna of the present embodiment
Body increases impedance, and eradiation oscillator is the 3rd radiant body of one section of about 1/2 wavelength of increase immediately below the second radiant body, is passed through simultaneously
Radio frequency line connects the second radiant body with the 3rd radiant body to form the second sub- dipole antenna.Impedance is increased by the first radiant body
Low reactance-resistance ratio is dropped to increase bandwidth；Reach that the second radiant body is synthesized with the 3rd radiant body Phase Stacking by series connection simultaneously, two sons are even
Pole sub-antenna superposition so that gain is significantly improved, the problem of solving the low gain narrow bandwidth of traditional antenna, enhances wireless production
The coverage distance of product.Wherein antenna feed point radiating doublet is that the increase impedance of the first radiant body uses the form that middle part is widened, and/or
Part employs trapezoidal grading structure and improves impedance, by impedance variations, improves the frequency bandwidth of antenna.Increase by the 3rd spoke simultaneously
The width of beam, improves impedance, and then further improves the frequency bandwidth of antenna.
Each technical characteristic of embodiment described above can be combined arbitrarily, to make description succinct, not to above-mentioned reality
Apply all possible combination of each technical characteristic in example to be all described, as long as however, the combination of these technical characteristics is not deposited
In contradiction, the scope of this specification record is all considered to be.
Embodiment described above only expresses the several embodiments of the present invention, and it describes more specific and detailed, but simultaneously
Can not therefore it be construed as limiting the scope of the patent.It should be pointed out that coming for one of ordinary skill in the art
Say, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, various modifications and improvements can be made, these belong to the protection of the present invention
Scope.Therefore, the protection domain of patent of the present invention should be determined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of dipole antenna, it is characterised in that including：
First radiant body, length is 1/4 wavelength of correspondence predeterminated frequency；
Second radiant body, length is 1/4 wavelength of the correspondence predeterminated frequency, and even with of first radiant body formation first
Pole sub-antenna；
3rd radiant body, length is 1/2 wavelength of the correspondence predeterminated frequency, and is separately positioned on the with first radiant body
The both sides of two radiant bodies, the 3rd radiant body connects to form the second sub- dipole antenna with the second radiant body, the 3rd spoke
Beam is superimposed in the same direction with the signal phase that the second radiant body is transmitted.
2. dipole antenna according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the dipole antenna also includes radio frequency line, institute
State radio frequency line includes inner conductor, insulator, external conductor and sheath successively from inside to outside；Expose inside in described radio frequency line one end
Conductor is simultaneously electrically connected with the first radiant body, and the radio frequency line exposes in close first radiant body and with the second radiant body junction
External conductor and the second radiant body are electrically connected with, and the radio frequency line reveals close to the second radiant body and with the 3rd radiant body junction
Go out external conductor and the 3rd radiant body is electrically connected with.
3. dipole antenna according to claim 2, it is characterised in that second radiant body include the 4th antenna segment,
5th antenna segment and the 6th antenna segment, the 5th antenna segment and the 6th antenna segment are symmetricly set on the 4th antenna segment both sides, institute
The external conductor for stating the 4th antenna segment and radio frequency line is electrically connected with.
4. dipole antenna according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the 4th antenna segment is vertical with radio frequency line to be set
Put, the 5th antenna segment and the 6th antenna segment be arranged in parallel with radio frequency line, the radio frequency line is arranged on the 5th antenna segment and
Between six antenna segments.
5. dipole antenna according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the 3rd radiant body and the letter of the second radiant body transmission
Number phase differs 180 ° of integral multiple and in the same direction superposition.
6. dipole antenna according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the first radiant body includes first day be sequentially connected
Line segment, the second antenna segment and third antenna section, the width of second antenna segment are more than first antenna section and third antenna section.
7. dipole antenna according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the first radiant body includes first day be sequentially connected
Line segment, the second antenna segment and third antenna section, the third antenna section are set close to the second radiant body, the third antenna section
Width is smaller than the first radiant body and the second radiant body.
8. dipole antenna according to claim 7, it is characterised in that the width of the third antenna section is radiated along second
Body direction is gradually reduced.
9. dipole antenna according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the width of the 3rd radiant body is more than the second spoke
The width of beam.
10. dipole antenna according to claim 1, it is characterised in that first radiant body, the second radiant body and
Three radiant bodies are all disposed within printed circuit board (PCB).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710212689.8A CN107181054A (en) | 2017-03-31 | 2017-03-31 | Dipole antenna |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710212689.8A CN107181054A (en) | 2017-03-31 | 2017-03-31 | Dipole antenna |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN107181054A true CN107181054A (en) | 2017-09-19 |
Family
ID=59829815
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710212689.8A Pending CN107181054A (en) | 2017-03-31 | 2017-03-31 | Dipole antenna |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN107181054A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109346836A (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2019-02-15 | 成都九华圆通科技发展有限公司 | A kind of dedicated omnidirectional's monitoring aerial of broadcast band |
| CN109728410A (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2019-05-07 | 广州创锦通信技术有限公司 | Double frequency platelet-like antenna |
| CN111919333A (en) * | 2018-03-07 | 2020-11-10 | 上海诺基亚贝尔股份有限公司 | Antenna assembly |
| CN114421119A (en) * | 2022-02-25 | 2022-04-29 | 深圳市美科星通信技术有限公司 | Antenna, wireless communication device and working method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111919333A (en) * | 2018-03-07 | 2020-11-10 | 上海诺基亚贝尔股份有限公司 | Antenna assembly |
| CN109728410A (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2019-05-07 | 广州创锦通信技术有限公司 | Double frequency platelet-like antenna |
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| CN114421119A (en) * | 2022-02-25 | 2022-04-29 | 深圳市美科星通信技术有限公司 | Antenna, wireless communication device and working method thereof |
| CN114421119B (en) * | 2022-02-25 | 2024-06-07 | 深圳市美科星通信技术有限公司 | Antenna, wireless communication device and working method thereof |
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Address after: Room 201, No. 187 Lane 2, Xinghong Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200000 Applicant after: Shanghai Advanced Network Technology Co., Ltd. Address before: 518000 Nanshan Medical Devices Industrial Park A211-A213, 1019 Nanhai Avenue, Merchants Street, Nanshan District, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province Applicant before: Shenzhen ideal Music Technology Co., Ltd. |
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Application publication date: 20170919 |
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| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |