CN107180988B

CN107180988B - Microbial fuel cell and sewage treatment device

Info

Publication number: CN107180988B
Application number: CN201710500473.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张潇源; 黄霞; 姬保江
Original assignee: Tsinghua University
Current assignee: Tsinghua University
Priority date: 2017-06-27
Filing date: 2017-06-27
Publication date: 2023-08-25
Anticipated expiration: 2037-06-27
Also published as: CN107180988A

Abstract

The application provides a microbial fuel cell and a sewage treatment device. The microbial fuel cell includes: the supporting framework is provided with a cavity communicated with the outside; the cathode layer is arranged on one side of the supporting framework away from the cavity and surrounds the supporting framework, and the cathode layer is formed by a cathode material; a separator disposed around the cathode layer; and an anode layer disposed around the separation membrane, the anode layer being formed of an anode material and loaded with microorganisms. The microbial fuel cell provided by the application can combine the process of decomposing COD in sewage by microorganisms with the water filtering process in the working process, so that electricity can be generated while the sewage is purified, and high-concentration organic wastewater can be treated; the device has high impact load resistance, can be assembled into a sewage treatment device, has the characteristic of modularization, and is beneficial to the amplification and scale of the sewage treatment device; easy construction, low cost of raw materials for manufacturing and contribution to industrialized popularization.

Description

Microbial fuel cell and sewage treatment device

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of sewage treatment, in particular to a microbial fuel cell and a sewage treatment device.

Background

At present, the environmental problem and the energy problem are two major problems facing the social development. The microbial fuel cell not only can realize the output of electric energy, but also can utilize electricity-generating microorganisms to decompose organic matters in sewage while generating electric energy, thereby realizing the treatment of sewage. Specifically, the organic matters in the sewage are oxidized by the electrogenerated microorganisms attached to the anode, and the cathode receives electrons to complete the reduction half reaction. When the cathode potential is higher than the anode potential, electric energy can be output to the outside.

However, the current microbial fuel cell and sewage treatment device still need to be improved.

Disclosure of Invention

The present application aims to solve at least one of the technical problems in the related art to some extent.

The inventors of the present application have provided a microbial fuel cell and a sewage treatment apparatus in the course of studies.

When the microbial fuel cell works, sewage flows out from the hollow supporting framework through the anode layer, the separating membrane and the cathode layer which are positioned on the outer side. In the working process of the microbial fuel cell, the process of decomposing COD in sewage by microorganisms and the water filtering process can be combined, and the electrogenerated microorganisms loaded on the anode layer can oxidize organic matters in the sewage to generate electrons and are received by the cathode layer, so that the reduction half reaction is completed. Thus, the microbial fuel cell can also effectively generate electricity while purifying sewage, and can treat high-concentration organic wastewater. The microbial fuel cell has high impact load resistance; the reactor can be used as a core module of a sewage treatment device and assembled into the sewage treatment device, so that the reactor has the characteristic of modularization, is easy to apply to sewage treatment devices of different scales, and is beneficial to the amplification and scale of the reactor.

The sewage treatment device comprises a water inlet unit, a microbial fuel cell, a water outlet unit and an electric energy recovery unit, is compact and simple in structure, and is easy to realize the amplification of the device configuration; as a modularized and modular sewage treatment and energy recycling device, the device has the characteristics of low energy consumption, impact load resistance, capability of utilizing sewage chemical energy to generate electric energy and the like, not only can be used for treating domestic sewage, but also can be applied to treating high-concentration organic industrial wastewater, particularly coal gas wastewater.

In view of the above, an object of the present application is to provide a microbial fuel cell which can treat domestic sewage of low concentration, high concentration organic wastewater, generate electric energy by utilizing chemical energy of sewage, or be manufactured at low cost.

In a first aspect of the application, the application provides a microbial fuel cell.

According to an embodiment of the present application, the microbial fuel cell includes: the support framework is provided with a cavity communicated with the outside; the cathode layer is arranged on one side, far away from the cavity, of the supporting framework, surrounds the supporting framework and is formed by cathode materials; a separator membrane disposed around the cathode layer; and an anode layer disposed around the separation film, and formed of an anode material and loaded with microorganisms.

The inventor surprisingly found that the microbial fuel cell of the embodiment of the application can organically combine the process of decomposing organic pollutants by microorganisms with the water filtering process, and the electrogenic microorganisms loaded on the anode oxidize the organic matters in the sewage to generate electrons and are received by the cathode so as to complete the reduction half reaction. Thus, the microbial fuel cell can also effectively generate electricity while purifying sewage, and can treat high-concentration organic wastewater; the device has high impact load resistance, can be assembled into a sewage treatment device, has the characteristic of modularization, and is beneficial to the amplification and scale of the sewage treatment device; easy construction, low cost of raw materials for manufacturing and contribution to industrialized popularization.

In addition, the microbial fuel cell according to the above embodiment of the present application may further have the following additional technical features:

according to an embodiment of the present application, the separation membrane is selected from at least one of glass fiber, filter cloth, plastic net, nylon cloth, cation exchange membrane, and anion exchange membrane.

According to an embodiment of the present application, the cathode material and the anode material are each independently selected from at least one of activated carbon particles, graphite particles, and carbon fiber cloth.

According to an embodiment of the application, the cathode layer further comprises a first cathode grid and a second cathode grid, and the first cathode grid and the second cathode grid are respectively arranged at two sides of the cathode material.

According to an embodiment of the application, the anode layer further comprises a first anode grid and a second anode grid, and the first anode grid and the second anode grid are respectively arranged at two sides of the cathode material.

According to an embodiment of the application, the first cathode collector grid, the second cathode collector grid, the first anode collector grid and the second anode collector grid are each independently a titanium grid or a stainless steel grid.

According to an embodiment of the present application, the microbial fuel cell further includes: the supporting layer is arranged on the outer wall of the anode layer, and the supporting layer is a titanium net or a stainless steel net.

In a second aspect of the application, the application provides a sewage treatment apparatus.

According to an embodiment of the present application, the sewage treatment apparatus includes: a sewage treatment unit comprising at least one microbial fuel cell as described above; a water inlet unit for supplying sewage to the sewage treatment unit; the water outlet unit is connected with the sewage treatment unit and is used for collecting water filtered by the microbial fuel cell; and the electric energy recovery unit is electrically connected with the sewage treatment unit.

The inventors have unexpectedly found that the sewage treatment apparatus of the embodiment of the present application has a compact and simple configuration, and is easy to realize the enlargement of the configuration of the apparatus; as a modularized and modular sewage treatment and energy recycling device, the device has the characteristics of low energy consumption, impact load resistance, capability of utilizing sewage chemical energy to generate electric energy and the like, and can be used for treating domestic sewage and industrial wastewater. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the features and advantages described above with respect to microbial fuel cells are applicable to the sewage treatment apparatus and will not be described in detail herein.

In addition, the sewage treatment apparatus according to the above embodiment of the present application may further have the following additional technical features:

according to an embodiment of the present application, the sewage treatment apparatus further includes: and an aeration unit, at least a part of which is arranged in the cathode layer of the microbial fuel cell.

According to an embodiment of the application, the aeration unit comprises perforated pipes.

According to the embodiment of the application, the sewage treatment device comprises a plurality of sewage treatment units, and the plurality of sewage treatment units are arranged in parallel.

According to an embodiment of the present application, the sewage treatment apparatus includes a plurality of the sewage treatment units, and the plurality of sewage treatment units are disposed in series.

Additional aspects and advantages of the application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the application.

Drawings

The foregoing and/or additional aspects and advantages of the application will become apparent and may be better understood from the following description of embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional structural view of a microbial fuel cell according to one embodiment of the present application;

fig. 2 is a schematic view of a longitudinal section of a microbial fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional structural view of a microbial fuel cell according to another embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the construction of a sewage treatment apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing a front view of a sewage treatment apparatus according to another embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 6 is a schematic top view of a sewage treatment apparatus according to another embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 7 is a schematic elevational view of a water distribution trough weir plate of a sewage treatment apparatus according to another embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 8 is a graph showing COD change of wastewater from treatment of coal gas in the sewage treatment apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 9 is an electrographic view of wastewater from the treatment of coal gas in a wastewater treatment plant in accordance with an embodiment of the application;

fig. 10 is a diagram of synchronous power generation of wastewater from treatment of coal gas in a wastewater treatment plant according to an embodiment of the application.

Reference numerals

10. Supporting framework

20. Cathode layer

21. First cathode collector net

22. Second cathode electricity collecting network

30. Separating membrane

40. Anode layer

41. First anode current collecting net

42. Second anode electricity collecting network

50. Support layer

100. Microbial fuel cell

200. Sewage treatment unit

300. Water inlet unit

310. Water distribution tank

3110. Water distribution tank weir plate

400. Water outlet unit

500. Electric energy recovery unit

600. Aeration unit

Detailed Description

The following examples are set forth in detail, and it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the following examples are intended to illustrate the application and should not be construed as limiting the application. Unless specifically stated otherwise, specific techniques or conditions are not explicitly described in the following examples, and may be performed according to techniques or conditions commonly used in the art or according to product specifications by those skilled in the art. The reagents or apparatus used were conventional products commercially available without the manufacturer's attention.

In one aspect of the application, a microbial fuel cell is provided. The microbial fuel cell of the present application will be described in detail with reference to fig. 1 to 3.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, according to an embodiment of the present application, the microbial fuel cell 100 (not shown) includes: a support frame 10, a cathode layer 20, a separator 30, and an anode layer 40. Wherein the supporting skeleton 10 has a chamber 11 communicating with the outside; the cathode layer 20 is disposed on a side of the support frame 10 away from the chamber 11 and surrounds the support frame 10, and the cathode layer 20 is formed of a cathode material; the separator 30 is disposed around the cathode layer 20; while anode layer 40 is disposed around separator membrane 30, anode layer 40 is formed of an anode material and is loaded with microorganisms. It should be noted that, herein, "outside" specifically refers to a space other than the microbial fuel cell, and "cavity" specifically refers to a hollow structure in the center of the support frame.

The inventors of the present application have found during the course of the study that, in operation of the microbial fuel cell, the contaminated water flows out through the anode layer 40, the separator 30 and the cathode layer 20 located on the outside, and finally flows out from the hollow supporting frame 10. The process of decomposing COD in sewage by microorganisms can be combined with the water filtering process in the working process, and the electrogenerating microorganisms loaded on the anode layer 40 can oxidize organic matters in sewage to generate electrons and be received by the cathode layer 20 to complete the reduction half reaction. Thus, the microbial fuel cell can effectively generate electricity and treat high-concentration organic wastewater while purifying sewage, and has high impact load resistance; the reactor can be used as a core of a sewage treatment device to be assembled into the sewage treatment device, so that the reactor has the characteristic of modularization, is easy to be applied to sewage treatment devices with different scales, and is beneficial to the amplification and the scale-up of the reactor.

The specific material of the separation membrane 30 according to the embodiment of the present application is not particularly limited as long as the separation membrane 30 composed of the material can effectively promote the filtration effect of the microbial fuel cell on the sewage, and one skilled in the art can select according to the substances contained in the sewage to be purified. In some embodiments of the present application, the separation membrane 30 may be selected from at least one of glass fiber, filter cloth, plastic mesh, nylon cloth, cation exchange membrane, and anion exchange membrane. Thus, by adopting the materials of the above type, the sewage treatment effect and the electricity generation efficiency of the microbial fuel cell can be further improved.

The specific material of the support frame 10 according to the embodiment of the present application is not particularly limited as long as the support frame 10 composed of the material can effectively provide the internal support for the microbial fuel cell, and one skilled in the art can select according to the specific use requirements of the microbial fuel cell. In some embodiments of the present application, the supporting frame 10 may be made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), so that the supporting frame 10 made of the above material can meet the requirement of internal support, so that the microbial fuel cell has better impact load resistance and low manufacturing cost, and has potential for industrial mass production. In some specific examples of the present application, the support frame 10 may also have a hollowed-out internal structure, so that the water purifying efficiency of the microbial fuel cell can be increased while the supporting function of the support frame 10 is maintained.

The specific shape of the support frame 10 according to the embodiment of the present application is not particularly limited as long as the support frame 10 of the shape can effectively provide the internal support for the microbial fuel cell, and those skilled in the art can design it according to practical situations. In some embodiments of the present application, the support frame 10 may include a central ring portion that provides lateral support for the entire microbial fuel cell and a base portion that provides vertical support for the other layers while also being assembled to the wastewater treatment plant.

The specific kind of cathode material forming the cathode layer 20 according to the embodiment of the present application is not particularly limited, and one skilled in the art may select according to the specific reaction type of the microbial fuel cell. In some embodiments of the present application, the cathode material may be selected from at least one of activated carbon particles, graphite particles, and carbon fiber cloth. In this way, the cathode layer 20 of the above material type can efficiently receive electrons, thereby making the power generation efficiency of the microbial fuel cell higher.

The specific structure of the cathode layer 20 is not particularly limited according to the embodiment of the present application, and one skilled in the art may design according to the specific kind of cathode material. In some embodiments of the present application, referring to fig. 3, the cathode layer 20 may further include a first cathode collector grid 21 and a second cathode collector grid 22, and the first cathode collector grid 21 and the second cathode collector grid 22 are disposed on both sides of the cathode material, respectively. Thus, the electric power collecting grids respectively arranged on the two sides of the cathode material can collect electrons received by the cathode layer 20 to the electric power recovery unit of the sewage treatment device, so that the electric power generated by the microbial fuel cell during sewage purification can be effectively collected and utilized.

The specific kind of anode material forming the anode layer 40 according to the embodiment of the present application is not particularly limited as long as the anode layer 40 formed of the kind of material can be loaded with an electrogenic microorganism, and one skilled in the art can select according to the specific type of microorganism to be loaded. In some embodiments of the present application, the anode material may be selected from at least one of activated carbon particles, graphite particles, and carbon fiber cloth. Thus, the anode layer 40 of the above material type can effectively support the electricity-generating microorganisms, thereby improving the sewage treatment effect of the microbial fuel cell.

The specific structure of the anode layer 40 is not particularly limited according to the embodiment of the present application, and one skilled in the art may design according to the specific kind of cathode material. In some embodiments of the present application, referring to fig. 3, the anode layer 40 may further include a first anode current collector 41 and a second anode current collector 42, and the first anode current collector 41 and the second anode current collector 42 are disposed at both sides of the cathode material, respectively. Thus, the power collecting grids respectively arranged at the two sides of the anode material can connect the anode layer 40 with the power recovery unit of the sewage treatment device, thereby effectively utilizing the power generated by the microbial fuel cell during sewage purification.

The specific materials of the first cathode collector grid 21, the second cathode collector grid 22, the first anode collector grid 41, and the second anode collector grid 42 according to the embodiment of the present application are not particularly limited, and may be selected by those skilled in the art according to the specific material sizes of the cathode layer 20 and the anode layer 40 and the impact load resistance performance requirements of the microbial fuel cell. In some embodiments of the application, each of the collection grids described above may be independently selected from a titanium grid or a stainless steel grid. Thus, the collector net made of the material can enable the microbial fuel cell to have better impact load resistance.

According to an embodiment of the present application, referring to fig. 3, the microbial fuel cell may further include a support layer 50. The supporting layer 50 is disposed on the outer wall of the second anode current collecting net 42, and the supporting layer 50 may be a titanium net or a stainless steel net. Thus, the support layer 50 made of the above material can provide the microbial fuel cell with better impact load resistance and structural stability.

The specific shape of the cross section of the microbial fuel cell according to the embodiment of the present application is not particularly limited, and specifically, for example, circular, square, etc., and those skilled in the art design according to the use environment of the microbial fuel cell. In some embodiments of the present application, referring to fig. 1, the cross-sectional profile of the microbial fuel may be circular, such that the thickness of each layer is uniform at different locations and the sewage treatment effect is more uniform throughout.

The specific height of the microbial fuel according to the embodiments of the present application is not particularly limited, and a person skilled in the art may design and adjust the microbial fuel according to the size of the sewage treatment apparatus in which the microbial fuel is assembled, and will not be described herein. According to the embodiment of the application, the specific thickness of each layer structure (including the supporting framework, the cathode layer, the separation layer, the anode layer and the supporting layer) of the microbial fuel is not particularly limited, and the specific thickness can be designed and adjusted by a person skilled in the art according to the actual water purifying effect and the electricity generating efficiency, and will not be described herein.

In summary, according to an embodiment of the present application, the present application provides a microbial fuel cell, which has the following advantages:

1. the microbial fuel cell has the characteristic of modularization, is easy to be applied to sewage treatment devices with different scales, and is beneficial to the amplification and scale of a reactor;

2. the microbial fuel cell is easy to construct and assemble, and can be easily adjusted in cathode and anode material selection and size according to water quality characteristics;

3. the microbial fuel cell has wide sources of constituent materials and low cost, greatly reduces the cost of a bioelectrochemical system, and is beneficial to popularization and application.

In another aspect of the application, a wastewater treatment plant is provided. The sewage treatment apparatus of the present application will be described in detail with reference to fig. 4 to 7.

According to an embodiment of the present application, referring to fig. 4, the sewage treatment apparatus includes: a sewage treatment unit 200, a water inlet unit 300, a water outlet unit 400, and an electric power recovery unit 500. Wherein the sewage treatment unit 200 includes at least one of the above-described microbial fuel cells 100; the water inlet unit 300 is for supplying sewage to the sewage treatment unit 200; the water outlet unit 400 is connected with the sewage treatment unit 200 for collecting water filtered by the microbial fuel cell 100; and the power recovery unit 500 is connected to the sewage treatment unit 200.

The inventor of the present application found in the course of the study that the sewage treatment apparatus includes a water inlet unit 300, a microbial fuel cell 100, a water outlet unit 400, and an electric energy recovery unit 500, which has a compact and simple structure, and is easy to realize the enlargement of the apparatus configuration; as a modularized and modular sewage treatment and energy recycling device, the device has the characteristics of low energy consumption, impact load resistance, capability of utilizing sewage chemical energy to generate electric energy and the like, and can be used for treating domestic sewage and industrial wastewater.

According to an embodiment of the present application, referring to fig. 5, the sewage treatment apparatus further includes: and an aeration unit 600, at least a portion of the aeration unit 600 being disposed within the cathode layer of the microbial fuel cell 100 for providing an aerobic environment to the cathode layer. Thus, the sewage sequentially passes through the anaerobic (water inlet unit 300) -anaerobic (anode layer 40 of microbial fuel cell 100) -aerobic (cathode layer 20 and central aerobic zone of microbial fuel cell 100), thereby forming a membrane bioelectrochemical enhanced anaerobic-aerobic (AAO) treatment mode. In some embodiments of the application, aeration unit 600 may include at least one perforated tube that may be embedded in cathode layer 20 to provide a more uniform aerobic environment in cathode layer 20. In some embodiments of the present application, perforated pipes may also be embedded and wrapped around cathode layer 20 to further provide a more uniform aerobic environment within cathode layer 20.

According to an embodiment of the present application, the sewage treatment unit 200 includes a plurality of microbial fuel cells 100. All "a plurality" herein means two or more. In some embodiments of the present application, the sewage treatment unit 200 may include 6 microbial fuel cells 100.

The specific connection mode of the waterways between the plurality of microbial fuel cells 100 according to the embodiment of the present application is not particularly limited, and one skilled in the art can design and connect according to the sewage treatment capacity requirement and the water purification effect standard of the sewage treatment apparatus. For example, the water path between the plurality of microbial fuel cells 100 may be in a parallel mode or a series mode. In the present application, the "water path between the plurality of microbial fuel cells", that is, the passage of the sewage through the plurality of microbial fuel cells 100, and the "serial mode", that is, the sewage after flowing through one microbial fuel cell 100 is treated by the second microbial fuel cell 100; the "parallel mode" is that the sewage flows through the plurality of microbial fuel cells 100 at the same time. The efficiency of the sewage treatment unit 200 for treating sewage can be improved by using the plurality of microbial fuel cells 100 in the serial mode, and the sewage treatment capacity of the sewage treatment unit 200 can be improved by using the plurality of microbial fuel cells 100 in the parallel mode. Also, according to an embodiment of the present application, the plurality of microbial fuel cells 100 in the sewage treatment unit 200 may be simultaneously arranged in series and parallel modes, thereby being advantageous to further improve the treatment effect of the sewage treatment unit 200.

In some specific examples of the present application, referring to fig. 6, the waterway between the plurality of microbial fuel cells 100 may employ a parallel mode. Specifically, referring to fig. 5 to 7, the water inlet unit 300 may further include a water distribution tank weir plate 3110 of the water distribution tank 310; when the sewage enters the water inlet unit 300, the sewage flows into the water distribution tank 310, is uniformly distributed through a plurality of holes of the water distribution tank weir plate 3110 as shown in fig. 8, and flows into the sewage treatment unit 200 for purification and power generation; after the purification treatment of the sewage by passing through the microbial fuel cell 100, the sewage flows from the sewage treatment unit 200 and is collected in the water outlet unit 400. Thus, the plurality of microbial fuel cells 100 are used in parallel, so that high-concentration organic wastewater can be efficiently treated in a large flux, the amplification and the large-scale treatment of the sewage treatment device are facilitated, and the power generation efficiency is higher.

According to an embodiment of the present application, the sewage treatment apparatus may include a plurality of sewage treatment units 200, so that a large flux of organic wastewater can be more effectively treated or a purification effect of high concentration organic wastewater is better. In some embodiments of the present application, a plurality of sewage treatment units 200 may be disposed in series. Thus, a plurality of sewage treatment units 200 can be used in series, so that the sewage treatment apparatus can have a better effect on purifying high-concentration organic sewage. In other embodiments of the present application, a multi-stage mode of operation may also be employed between the plurality of wastewater treatment units 200. Thus, the plurality of sewage treatment units 200 are arranged in the multi-stage operation mode, so that the purification treatment effect and the power generation efficiency of the sewage treatment device are better.

According to an embodiment of the application, the electrical energy recovery unit 500 may comprise an electrically connected lighting system or an electrical energy storage system. Therefore, the sewage treatment device can fully utilize sewage chemical energy to generate electric energy, thereby realizing the multifunction and low energy consumption of the device.

According to the embodiment of the application, a power supply can be additionally arranged on the microbial fuel cells 100, so that the water purifying effect and the water purifying efficiency of each microbial fuel cell 100 can be further improved, and the water purifying effect and the water purifying efficiency of the sewage treatment device for treating high-concentration industrial wastewater are obviously improved.

In summary, according to an embodiment of the present application, the present application provides a sewage treatment apparatus, which has the following advantages:

1. compared with the traditional bioelectrochemical system configurations of single-chamber type, double-chamber type, tubular type and the like, the sewage treatment device provided by the embodiment of the application has the characteristics of easiness in amplification and wide applicable treatment scale, and is beneficial to treating actual sewage and wastewater.

2. Compared with the traditional sewage treatment system, the sewage treatment device provided by the embodiment of the application has low energy consumption, can directly convert chemical energy in sewage into electric energy while treating the sewage, and can realize in-situ utilization of the electric energy to strengthen sewage treatment.

3. Compared with the traditional sewage treatment system, the sewage treatment device provided by the embodiment of the application has higher impact load resistance, can be used for treating high-concentration organic wastewater, and can also treat organic wastewater difficult to degrade by utilizing the oxidation process of the anode in the reduction process of the cathode.

The application will now be described with reference to specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative only and not limiting in any way.

Example 1

In this embodiment, a microbial fuel cell and a sewage treatment apparatus are assembled and used. The method comprises the following steps:

(1) Construction of a microbial fuel cell: the assembly is 1 m high and 155mm cylindrical in diameter, and comprises a supporting framework, a cathode layer (comprising an aeration system), a separation layer, an anode layer and a supporting layer from inside to outside. Wherein, the material of supporting framework is PVC, and its base diameter is 155mm disc, and its center is 25mm diameter circular delivery port, and its main part is the high 1000mm skeleton of diameter 89mm, fretwork, and the trompil area is about 50%. The thickness of the cathode layer is about 18mm, the inner side and the outer side adopt 50 mesh titanium mesh to collect electricity, the middle is filled with granular carbon, the filling mass is about 2.5kg, and the cathode layer is internally embedded with an aeration system, and a 6mm diameter perforated pipe is internally embedded and surrounded on the cathode layer. The separation layer is supported by filter cloth and plastic net. The thickness of the anode layer is about 10mm, the inner side and the outer side are subjected to current collection by adopting a 50-mesh titanium net, granular carbon is filled in the middle, and the filling quality is about 2.5kg. And the support layer is combined with the anode-outside current collecting layer.

(2) A sewage treatment device: the sewage treatment device comprising the 6 groups of microbial fuel cells also comprises a water inlet unit, a water outlet unit and an electric energy recovery unit. The plane of the device is rectangular, the length of the device is 2400mm, the width of the device is 1200mm, the height of the microbial fuel cell is 1440mm, and the height of the water outlet collecting unit is 300mm. The waterway among the microbial fuel cells adopts a parallel mode, namely the center of the upper layer is a water distribution tank, 12 holes are distributed on the weir plate, and the diameter of the weir plate is 20mm and is used for uniformly distributing sewage. The two titanium nets of the cathode are connected by a plurality of groups of titanium wires, and the two titanium nets of the anode are connected by a plurality of groups of titanium wires. And an external resistor of 5 ohms is connected between the cathode and the anode.

(3) In the embodiment, the coal chemical gas wastewater is used as raw water, the common water inlet concentration of 2500-3000mg/L COD of a coal gas wastewater treatment plant is used as an initial running condition, the water inlet concentration is gradually increased to 9000mg/L COD, the rapid COD degradation speed can be maintained, and the difficult degradation sewage and water power generation can be realized at the same time. This example is also the first worldwide microbiological fuel cell pilot plant to be used in the treatment of wastewater from coal industry.

The results of wastewater treatment and electricity generation for this example are shown in fig. 8-10.

The sewage treatment apparatus of this embodiment treats the COD of the wastewater of the coal gas as shown in FIG. 8. As can be seen from FIG. 8, when sewage with COD of 3000mg/L is added into the sewage treatment device in the first treatment period, the COD is reduced to below 1000mg/L after 200 hours of cyclic treatment; in the second treatment period, sewage with COD of 4000mg/L is added into the sewage treatment device, and after 200 hours of cyclic treatment, the COD is reduced to about 1000 mg/L; when in the third treatment period, adding sewage with COD of 5000mg/L into the sewage treatment device, and reducing the COD to below 2000mg/L after 100 hours of cyclic treatment; and in the fourth treatment period, adding the sewage with the COD of 9000mg/L into the sewage treatment device, and reducing the COD to below 3000mg/L after 200 hours of cyclic treatment. The experimental results show that although the filling amount of each microbial fuel cell is small, the microbial fuel cell can be still suitable for treating the coal gas wastewater with high COD concentration, and the effect of treating the coal gas wastewater is good.

The sewage treatment device of this embodiment treats the synchronous electricity generation condition of the coal gas wastewater as shown in fig. 9. As can be seen from fig. 9, the sewage treatment apparatus is also ideal in generating electricity while treating sewage.

The sewage treatment device is used for synchronously generating electric power by treating coal gas wastewater, as shown in fig. 10. Specifically, after the external resistance is set to 1000 ohms and stably operates for 1-2 hours, the external resistance is replaced every ten minutes and the corresponding power is measured, wherein the external resistance is 500, 300, 200, 150, 100, 50, 30, 20, 15, 10, 5, 3, 2 and 1 ohm respectively. As can be seen from fig. 10, the power generation of the sewage treatment apparatus is high, and the internal resistance of the sewage treatment apparatus itself is small compared to the external resistance of 5 ohms.

Example 2

In this example, a microbial fuel cell and a sewage treatment apparatus were assembled and used in substantially the same manner and conditions as in example 1. The difference is that in this embodiment:

(1) Construction of a microbial fuel cell: the supporting layer is a titanium net; the anode layer adopts graphite particles; the separation layer is made of nylon cloth; the cathode layer adopts graphite particles; the aeration unit may place the perforated tube in the outer side of the cathode layer near the central region.

The procedure was as in example 1.

Example 3

In this example, a microbial fuel cell and a sewage treatment apparatus were assembled and used in substantially the same manner and conditions as in example 1. The difference is that in this embodiment, the water circuit between the 6 microbial fuel cells is in a serial mode.

Example 4

In this example, a microbial fuel cell and a sewage treatment apparatus were assembled and used in substantially the same manner and conditions as in example 1. The difference is that in this embodiment, the sewage treatment apparatus includes 2 sewage treatment units, and the 2 sewage treatment units are disposed in series, and the waterway between 6 microbial fuel cells in each sewage treatment unit adopts a parallel mode.

Example 5

In this example, a microbial fuel cell and a sewage treatment apparatus were assembled and used in substantially the same manner and conditions as in example 1. The difference is that in this embodiment, the LED lamp is connected between the cathode and the anode of the microbial fuel cell, that is, the electric energy recovery device is the LED lamp, and the LED lamp passes through the boost module to form the lighting system.

Example 6

In this example, a microbial fuel cell and a sewage treatment apparatus were assembled and used in substantially the same manner and conditions as in example 1. The difference is that in this embodiment, the capacitor and the capacitor-electromagnetic relay module, i.e. the electric energy recovery device is a capacitor, are connected between the cathode and the anode of the microbial fuel cell, so that the function of electric energy storage can be achieved.

Summary

The microbial fuel cell and the sewage treatment device according to the present application can be obtained by combining examples 1 to 6. The microbial fuel cell is used as a core module of the sewage treatment device, and the separation film is additionally arranged between the anode layer and the cathode layer, so that the sewage treatment effect and the electricity generation efficiency of the microbial fuel cell can be effectively improved, and the high-concentration organic wastewater can be treated. The sewage treatment device has compact and simple structure and is easy to realize the enlargement of the configuration of the device; as a modularized and modular sewage treatment and energy recycling device, the device has the characteristics of low energy consumption, impact load resistance, capability of utilizing sewage chemical energy to generate electric energy and the like, and can be used for treating domestic sewage and industrial wastewater.

In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings are merely for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present application.

In the description of the present application, unless explicitly stated and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrated; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communicated with the inside of two elements or the interaction relationship of the two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.

Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "plurality" means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless specifically defined otherwise.

In the description of the present specification, a description referring to terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples may be combined and combined by those skilled in the art without contradiction.

While embodiments of the present application have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the application, and that variations, modifications, alternatives and variations may be made to the above embodiments by one of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the application.

Claims

1. A microbial fuel cell comprising:

the support framework is provided with a cavity communicated with the outside; the support framework is used for providing internal support for the microbial fuel cell; the cathode layer is arranged on one side, far away from the cavity, of the supporting framework, surrounds the supporting framework and is formed by cathode materials;

a separator membrane disposed around the cathode layer; and

an anode layer disposed around the separation film, and formed of an anode material and loaded with microorganisms;

the separation membrane is selected from at least one of glass fiber, filter cloth, plastic net, nylon cloth, cation exchange membrane and anion exchange membrane;

the cathode material and the anode material are respectively and independently selected from at least one of active carbon particles, graphite particles and carbon fiber cloth;

when the microbial fuel cell is used in a sewage treatment device, the device further comprises an aeration unit, and at least one part of the aeration unit is arranged in the cathode layer of the microbial fuel cell.

2. The microbial fuel cell of claim 1 wherein the cathode layer further comprises a first cathode grid and a second cathode grid, and the first cathode grid and the second cathode grid are disposed on either side of the cathode material.

3. The microbial fuel cell of claim 1, wherein the anode layer further comprises a first anode grid and a second anode grid, and the first anode grid and the second anode grid are disposed on either side of the cathode material, respectively.

4. A microbial fuel cell according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the first cathode electricity collection grid, the second cathode electricity collection grid, the first anode electricity collection grid and the second anode electricity collection grid are each independently a titanium grid or a stainless steel grid.

5. The microbial fuel cell of claim 1, further comprising:

the supporting layer is arranged on the outer wall of the anode layer, and the supporting layer is a titanium net or a stainless steel net.

6. A sewage treatment apparatus, comprising:

a sewage treatment unit comprising at least one microbial fuel cell according to claims 1 to 5;

a water inlet unit for supplying sewage to the sewage treatment unit;

the water outlet unit is connected with the sewage treatment unit and is used for collecting water filtered by the microbial fuel cell; and

and the electric energy recovery unit is electrically connected with the sewage treatment unit.

7. The wastewater treatment apparatus of claim 6, wherein the aeration unit comprises perforated pipes.

8. The sewage treatment apparatus according to claim 6, comprising a plurality of the sewage treatment units, wherein the plurality of the sewage treatment units are arranged in parallel.

9. The sewage treatment apparatus according to claim 8, comprising a plurality of the sewage treatment units, and wherein the plurality of sewage treatment units are disposed in series.