CN107177758B - A kind of metal-based self-lubricating composite material of fire-resistant oxidation resistant and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

A kind of metal-based self-lubricating composite material of fire-resistant oxidation resistant and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN107177758B
CN107177758B CN201710382168.7A CN201710382168A CN107177758B CN 107177758 B CN107177758 B CN 107177758B CN 201710382168 A CN201710382168 A CN 201710382168A CN 107177758 B CN107177758 B CN 107177758B
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CN107177758A (en
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陈明辉
王群昌
王福会
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Northeastern University China
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C19/00Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
    • C22C19/03Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
    • C22C19/05Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
    • C22C19/058Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium without Mo and W
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10Sintering only
    • B22F3/105Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/05Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C30/00Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C32/00Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10Sintering only
    • B22F3/105Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding
    • B22F2003/1051Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding by electric discharge
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B22F2998/10Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps

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  • Metallurgy (AREA)
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  • Lubricants (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to high-temperature corrosion resistances and self-lubricating field, and in particular to a kind of metal-based self-lubricating composite material of fire-resistant oxidation resistant and preparation method thereof.The composite material is using high alumina nickel-base alloy as matrix, calcirm-fluoride/barium fluoride eutectic and enamel are self-lubricating phase, using aluminum oxide as hard phase, is collectively constituted using the rare earth oxide that ceria, yttria etc. arbitrarily match as antioxidant, be prepared through discharge plasma sintering.Wherein, according to weight percent, high alumina nickel-base alloy is 65%~82%, and self-lubricating phase is 8%~15% (wherein calcirm-fluoride/barium fluoride eutectic≤10%, enamel are 3~10%), and aluminum oxide is 6~15%, and antioxidant is 2~10%.High alumina design, the addition of antioxidant and new type high temperature self-lubricating phase enamel that the present invention passes through nickel-base alloy, so that the composite material has been had both high temperature resistant, anti-oxidant and excellent self-lubricating comprehensive performance, can be used for the production of components under anti-oxidant, high temperature resistant, self-lubricating environment.

Description

A kind of metal-based self-lubricating composite material of fire-resistant oxidation resistant and preparation method thereof
Technical field:
The present invention relates to high-temperature corrosion resistances and self-lubricating field, and in particular to a kind of Metal Substrate of fire-resistant oxidation resistant is from moistening Sliding composite material and preparation method, the composite material can be used for the life of components under anti-oxidant, high temperature resistant, self-lubricating environment It produces.
Background technique:
Fretting wear and lubrication state under the harshness working condition such as high temperature, high speed and top load are to determine aeroplane engine One of thrust ratio and the key factor of service life of the space mechanisms systems such as machine, space vehicles tool, spacecraft.In high temperature item The many equipment and components to work under part require that Tribological Systems still have good lubricating status under thermal extremes, Such as: the operating temperature for being insulated diesel engine is up to 760 DEG C, and the lubrication of cylinder sleeve and piston ring and valve lever is particularly important. Cylinder sleeve and the lubricating method of piston ring sliding contact are the bottom ends (bottom end temperature is lower) that piston ring is placed on to piston at present, are made Phase MoS is lubricated with common low-temperature solid2The target of self-lubricating solid, but piston ring and piston in the structure are realized with PTEE Annular space between top reduces the whole efficiency 5~10% of engine, it is therefore desirable to be moistened using the higher solid of heat resistance Sliding material.And in turbine aircraft engines, the operating temperature of bearing and lubrication phase also reaches 650 DEG C, partial joint bearing Service temperature be even more reach 900 DEG C even more than, slide unit sealing and the lubrication in thrust disc mutually must satisfy high temperature resistant, High-strength needs.In addition, engine bushing is easy to appear fretting wear and fracture under high temperature and high speed operating condition, use is resistance to High temperature solid self-lubricants composite material can reduce the fretting wear of bushing or oscillating bearing under hot conditions.
In order to meet high temperature resistant, high-mechanic and the impact flexibility requirement of solid self-lubricating composite material, generally use resistance to Matrix of the thermalloy as composite material.While fretting wear high temperature oxygen occurs for the heat-resisting alloys such as Ni-based, cobalt-based, iron-based Change, generates a kind of hard and smooth compacting oxide skin(coating), also known as adamantine layer in wear surface.Adamantine layer have glass appearance and Polycrystalline feature can be effectively reduced resistance of taxing (reducing coefficient of friction), protect matrix, prevent frictionally damage.The shape of adamantine layer At process include the oxidation of alloy, the formation of oxide abrasive grain, abrasive grain rubbing surface roll and polycrystallization, glazing.Currently, Self-lubricating phase in high temperature self-lubricating composite material generallys use fluoride (such as: the eutectic object of calcirm-fluoride and barium fluoride), nitridation Boron etc..The self-lubricating property of high temperature self-lubricating composite material (at especially 800 DEG C of service temperature high temperature) is very dependent on from profit The mutually excellent high temperature oxidation resistance of alloy in the high-temperature stable and composite material of sliding phase.In process of friction and wear, composite material The effect of self-lubricating film layer that surface is formed must have both self-lubricating and resistance to high temperature oxidation simultaneously.And under actual condition, by common Oxide adamantine layer and the film layer that collectively constitutes of fluoride, the dual function of self-lubricating and resistance to high temperature oxidation can not be had both completely Energy.The formation period of adamantine layer changes with the variation of alloying component and friction temperature.Before adamantine layer formation, alloy Coefficient of friction it is very high, abrasion loss is big.After once adamantine layer is formed, since corrosive media (such as: oxygen, sulfide) is in fluorine Diffusion velocity in compound, adamantine layer is fast, and with the lasting progress of high-temperature oxydation, oxide abrasive grain increases, and adamantine layer constantly increases Thickness is until rupture.At this point, the frictionally damage of composite material will become once again seriously.
According to China's national defense construction and industrial development to the service demand of high temperature moving component, need to develop a kind of resistance to height The oxidation resistant novel metal based self lubricated composite material of temperature can be on active service, the movement portion of high-mechanic with preparation in 800 DEG C of temperatures above Part, such as: axis, bushing and bearing.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide metal-based self-lubricating composite material of a kind of fire-resistant oxidation resistant and preparation method thereof, Solve the problems such as can not having both the dual function of self-lubricating and resistance to high temperature oxidation completely in the prior art.
The technical scheme is that
A kind of metal-based self-lubricating composite material of fire-resistant oxidation resistant, weight percentage, the composite material group At as follows:
Metallic matrix phase 65~82%;
Self-lubricating phase 8~15%;
Hard phase 6~15%;
Antioxidant 2~10%.
The metallic matrix is mutually high alumina nickel-base alloy, prepares the starting powder granularity of composite material metallic matrix phase Less than 20 μm;The self-lubricating phase is fluoride and enamel, glass or devitrified glass, and granularity is less than 10 μm, wherein being fluorinated Object is the eutectic object of calcirm-fluoride and barium fluoride, and content is no more than 10wt%, and enamel, glass or devitrified glass are silicon dioxide body System, content are 3~10wt%;Hard phase is aluminum oxide, and granularity is less than 10 μm;Antioxidant is ceria, three oxygen Change any cooperation of two yttriums, granularity is less than 100nm.
In the high alumina nickel-base alloy, aluminium content is 10~18wt%, and chromium content is 12~30wt%, and surplus is nickel, Its phase structure is with γ-Ni and γ '-Ni3Based on Al.
The enamel concrete composition of weight percentage, one of described high-temperature self-lubrication phase is as follows:
Silica 40~65%;
Diboron trioxide 3~15%;
Aluminum oxide 3~15%;
Sodium oxide molybdena and/or potassium oxide 11~25%;
Other≤15%, it is other to refer to zinc oxide, calcium oxide, zirconium dioxide, magnesia, titanium dioxide, nickel oxide, oxidation The one or more of cobalt.
One of high-temperature self-lubrication phase enamel the preparation method is as follows: according to enamel composition proportion by various oxide balls Mill mixing, 300~400 revs/min of revolving speed, the time 20~30 hours;Melting is heated through 1200~1650 DEG C of temperature ranges, water quenching obtains To frit for porcelain enamel;Planetary type ball-milling 80~120 hours, enamel micro mist of the partial size less than 10 μm is made.
The preparation method of the metal-based self-lubricating composite material of the fire-resistant oxidation resistant, this method include following step It is rapid:
(1) powder mixes: according to the composition proportion of composite material by metallic matrix phase powder, self-lubricating phase powder, hard Phase powder and antioxidant are mixed by planetary type ball-milling, 300~400 revs/min of revolving speed, Ball-milling Time 10~15 hours, are obtained To uniformly mixed composite powder;
(2) discharge plasma sintering: composite powder obtained by step (1) is obtained after vacuum discharge plasma agglomeration compound Material.
The technological parameter of the vacuum discharge plasma agglomeration is as follows:
Vacuum degree ﹤ 1 × 10-2atm;
Sintering temperature: 1050~1250 DEG C;
Heating rate: 50~100 DEG C/min;
Sintering pressure: 20~35MPa;
10~20min of soaking time, natural cooling after heat preservation.
The performance indicator of the composite material is as follows:
For consistency 98% or more, compression strength is 900MPa or more;In 700~900 DEG C of temperature range frictions, averagely rub Wiping coefficient is 0.1~0.3, and abrasion loss is less than 1 × 10-5mm3/(Nm);In 700~900 DEG C of temperature ranges, which resists Oxidation level is completely anti-oxidant, and after oxidation 100h, oxidation weight gain is less than 0.5mg/cm2
Design philosophy of the invention is:
The present invention by the composition of metallic matrix phase, design in design composite material add suitable high-temperature self-lubrication phase and The metal-based self-lubricating composite material of antioxidant preparation, has both high-temperature self-lubrication and very excellent high temperature oxidation resistance Energy.During the preparation process, using discharge plasma sintering, common hot pressed sintering is overcome to be easy to appear microdefect, nanocrystal The disadvantages of (particle) grows up, to realize the optimization of mechanical property;Pass through the ingredient regulation of metallic matrix phase and and antioxygen The cooperation of agent increases substantially the high temperature oxidation resistance of composite material;It (is warded off by novel inorganic amorphous state self-lubricating phase Porcelain, glass or devitrified glass) design and addition, the formation of rapid induction composite material surface adamantine layer, and improve enamel The consistency of layer and its interface binding power with metallic matrix guarantee composite material high-temperature self-lubrication and oxidation resistant dual function Effect.Finally, the metal-based self-lubricating composite material of preparation has excellent comprehensive such as high temperature resistant, anti-oxidant and self-lubricating Energy.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
(1) present invention is made as alloy base material using rare earth oxide as antioxidant using high alumina nickel-base alloy Composite material have a very excellent high temperature oxidation resistance, improve the aluminium content in nickel-base alloy, it is ensured that (outstanding under high temperature It is 800 DEG C or more) composite material surface can be formed slow growth, with the oxidation film layer Al of alloy substrate good adhesion2O3。 And current high temperatures typical self-lubricating composite (such as: the PM series of NASA report), high-temperature oxydation product is Cr2O3.Chromium oxide The speed of growth be much higher than aluminium oxide, and, the subsurface enamel by chromium oxide established poor with the interface adhesiveness of nickel-base alloy Layer antioxygenic property is insufficient.
(2) a kind of novel high-temperature self-lubrication phase (enamel), accelerometer overglaze are added in design to the present invention in the composite The formation of matter layer, and the consistency of adamantine layer is improved, so that the effect of adamantine layer has both self-lubricating and resistance to high temperature oxidation.Currently High temperatures typical self-lubricating composite relies on rolling repeatedly to oxidation products (chrome green), makes its nanosizing, non- Crystallization and obtain subsurface enamel layer.The process is slow, and the adamantine layer formed is not fine and close, and resistance to high temperature oxidation effect is limited.And it answers Enamel particle in condensation material, the amorphous reticular structure that can rely on its own and its compatibility between many oxide, add Fast oxidation product it is decrystallized, promote the quick formation of surface compact adamantine layer, reduce composite material high temperature friction damage.
(3) discharge plasma sintering of the present invention, which can be sintered, prepares high-compactness nanocomposite, using the sintering side The fire-resistant oxidation resistant metal-based self-lubricating composite material of method preparation is guaranteeing the same of high-temperature self-lubrication and antioxygenic property When, it can be achieved that mechanical property optimization.
(4) fire-resistant oxidation resistant metal-based self-lubricating composite material of the invention can be processed into high temperature transmission of various shapes Component, such as: bearing, bushing, axis realize the high temperature resistant of component, anti-oxidant and self-lubricating function, improve component service life.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the fire-resistant oxidation resistant metal-based self-lubricating composite material microstructure scanning electron microscope of discharge plasma sintering Photo;
Fig. 2 is the self-lubricating composite microstructure stereoscan photograph of conventional vacuum hot pressed sintering;
Fig. 3 is the friction coefficient curve of fire-resistant oxidation resistant metal-based self-lubricating composite material;Wherein, abscissa Time is Time (min), ordinate Friction coefficient are coefficient of friction.
Fig. 4 is the polishing scratch electromicroscopic photograph after 800 DEG C of fire-resistant oxidation resistant metal-based self-lubricating composite material frictions;
Fig. 5 is the polishing scratch electromicroscopic photograph after 900 DEG C of composite material frictions of nickel-base alloy too high levels.
Specific embodiment
The following examples are a further detailed description of the invention, it should be understood that these modes are merely to illustrate the present invention Rather than it limits the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1:
In the present embodiment, with nickel-base alloy Ni-27Cr-11Al-0.5Y (wt.%) for alloy substrate, ceria is anti- Oxidant prepares the composite material together with calcirm-fluoride/barium fluoride eutectic, enamel and aluminum oxide, specific preparation ginseng Number is as follows:
(1) enamel micro mist: the formula of melting vitreous enamel is silica 60wt%, diboron trioxide 5wt%, three oxidations Two aluminium 10wt%, sodium oxide molybdena 9wt%, potassium oxide 7wt%, zinc oxide 9wt%.It is matched according to enamel composition, by various oxides Ball milling mixing, 320 revs/min of revolving speed, the time 24 hours;Through 1500 DEG C of heating meltings, water quenching obtains frit for porcelain enamel;Planetary type ball-milling 100 hours, enamel micro mist of the partial size less than 10 μm is made.
(2) powder mixes: composite material is matched according to following component, nickel-base alloy 72wt%, calcirm-fluoride/barium fluoride eutectic 5wt% (weight percent of calcirm-fluoride and barium fluoride is respectively 32% and 68%), enamel 5wt%, aluminum oxide 14wt%, Ceria 4wt% 320 revs/min of revolving speed, the time 12 hours, obtains composite powder through planetary ball mill ball milling mixing.
(3) discharge plasma sintering: by the composite powder of ball milling mixing, being put into graphite jig, compacting, through plasma discharging System sintering:
Vacuum degree: 1 × 10-3atm;
Sintering temperature: 1200 DEG C;
Heating rate: 60 DEG C/min, the natural cooling after final sintering temperature keeps the temperature 15min;
Sintering pressure: 25MPa.
The consistency of composite material is 99.1% after sintering, microstructure stereoscan photograph composite material as shown in Figure 1: Network-like microstructure, each component Dispersed precipitate do not find macroscopic view even micron level in scanning electron microscope field range Defect.
Comparative example 1
Difference from Example 1 is: the sintering processing of composite material is conventional vacuum hot pressed sintering.
Vacuum degree: 1 × 10-3atm;
Sintering temperature: 1200 DEG C;
Heating rate: 60 DEG C/min, the natural cooling after final sintering temperature keeps the temperature 15min;
Sintering pressure: 25MPa.
The consistency of composite material is 94.1% after sintering, and consistency is lower than discharge plasma sintering material.Microstructure Stereoscan photograph is as shown in Figure 2: composite material generally also still network-like microstructure, each component Dispersed precipitate.But Discovery has more sintering hole and not sufficiently sintered region in scanning electron microscope field range.
Embodiment 2
Difference from Example 1 is: the group of fire-resistant oxidation resistant metal-based self-lubricating composite material becomes, Ni-based conjunction Golden 82wt%, calcirm-fluoride/barium fluoride eutectic 4wt% (weight percent of calcirm-fluoride and barium fluoride is respectively 32% and 68%), Enamel 5wt%, aluminum oxide 6wt%, ceria 3wt%.
After 900 DEG C of high-temperature oxydation 100h, the oxidation product of the composite material is aluminum oxide, and oxidation weight gain is only 0.35mg/cm2, there is very excellent high temperature oxidation resistance.And (U.S. NASA is reported comparative test sample NiCr alloy Selected alloy substrate phase in high temperature self-lubricating composite material), its oxidation product is chrome green, oxidation weight gain after oxidation Reach 2.61mg/cm2, oxidation rate is 7 times higher than the fire-resistant oxidation resistant metal-based self-lubricating composite material of the invention.
Embodiment 3
Difference from Example 1 is: preparing nickel-base alloy ingredient selected by the fire-resistant oxidation resistant composite material For Ni-8Co-16Cr-12Al-3.5Mo-4Ti (wt.%).
800 DEG C of friction coefficient curves of the composite material are as shown in figure 3, average friction coefficient is only 0.18, and friction curve Steadily, abrasion loss is 1.9 × 10-6mm3/(Nm).And document (Surf.Coat.Technol.203 (2009) 3058) report NiCr-CaF2/BaF2-Cr3C2System high-temperature self-lubricating composite, the coefficient of friction at 800 DEG C is 0.40, and abrasion loss is 4.8×10-6mm3/(Nm).In comparison, fire-resistant oxidation resistant metal-based self-lubricating composite material provided by the invention shows Very excellent high temperature resistant, anti-oxidant, self-lubricating comprehensive performance out.
Comparative example 2
Difference from Example 3 is: nickel-base alloy ingredient is Ni-8Co-16Cr-9Al-3.5Mo-4Ti (wt.%), The content of Al is reduced to 9wt%.
The composite material prepared through discharge plasma sintering, coefficient of friction is 0.46 at 800 DEG C, abrasion loss is 4.7 × 10-6mm3/ (Nm), coefficient of friction and abrasion loss are increased substantially than embodiment 3.
Embodiment 4
Difference from Example 1 is: preparing enamel composition selected by the fire-resistant oxidation resistant composite material is two Silica 40wt%, diboron trioxide 10wt%, aluminum oxide 15wt%, sodium oxide molybdena 9wt%, potassium oxide 12wt%, dioxy Change zirconium 14wt%, 1500 DEG C of smelting temperature.The fire-resistant oxidation resistant metal-based self-lubricating of plasma discharging system preparation is compound Coefficient of friction is 0.21 at 800 DEG C of material, and abrasion loss is 2.4 × 10-6mm3/ (Nm), have excellent high temperature resistant, it is anti-oxidant, from Lubricate comprehensive performance.
Comparative example 3
Difference from Example 4 is: enamel composition is silica 35wt%, diboron trioxide 10wt%, three oxygen Change two aluminium 15wt%, sodium oxide molybdena 14wt%, potassium oxide 16wt%, zirconium dioxide 10wt%.
The composite material prepared through discharge plasma sintering, coefficient of friction is 0.37 at 800 DEG C, abrasion loss is 7.1 × 10-6mm3/ (Nm), coefficient of friction and abrasion loss are increased substantially than embodiment 4.
Comparative example 4
Difference from Example 4 is: enamel composition is silica 70wt%, diboron trioxide 5wt%, three oxidations Two aluminium 15wt%, sodium oxide molybdena 4wt%, potassium oxide 4wt%, strontium oxide strontia 2wt%.
The composite material prepared through discharge plasma sintering, coefficient of friction is 0.51 at 800 DEG C, abrasion loss is 4.3 × 10-6mm3/ (Nm), coefficient of friction and abrasion loss are increased substantially than embodiment 4.
Embodiment 5
Difference from Example 1 is: the group of fire-resistant oxidation resistant metal-based self-lubricating composite material becomes, Ni-based conjunction Golden 66wt%, calcirm-fluoride/barium fluoride eutectic 9wt% (weight percent of calcirm-fluoride and barium fluoride is respectively 32% and 68%), Enamel 9wt%, aluminum oxide 14wt%, ceria 2wt%.
Fire-resistant oxidation resistant metal-based self-lubricating composite material of plasma discharging system preparation, through rubbing at 800 DEG C Afterwards, friction surface is as shown in Figure 4.Subsurface enamel layer is very thin, and still the initial surface of visible alloy composite materials, abrasion loss are 1.4×10-6mm3/ (Nm), the compression strength of the composite material are 1350MPa.
Embodiment 6
Difference from Example 3 is: the group of fire-resistant oxidation resistant metal-based self-lubricating composite material becomes, Ni-based conjunction Golden 70wt%, calcirm-fluoride/barium fluoride eutectic 3wt% (weight percent of calcirm-fluoride and barium fluoride is respectively 32% and 68%), Enamel 6wt%, aluminum oxide 11wt%, yttria 10wt%.
The fire-resistant oxidation resistant metal-based self-lubricating composite material of plasma discharging system preparation, after 900 DEG C of frictions, Coefficient of friction is 0.20, and abrasion loss is 1.6 × 10-6mm3/(Nm).The compression strength of the composite material is 1180MPa, is had excellent It is different high temperature resistant, anti-oxidant with self-lubricating comprehensive performance.
Comparative example 5
Difference from Example 6 is: the group of fire-resistant oxidation resistant metal-based self-lubricating composite material becomes, Ni-based conjunction Golden 83wt%, calcirm-fluoride/barium fluoride eutectic 3wt%, enamel 5wt%, aluminum oxide 6wt%, yttria 3wt%.
The composite material prepared through discharge plasma sintering, after rubbing at 900 DEG C, friction surface is as shown in Figure 5.Surface Adamantine layer is very thick, and friction surface has apparent grinding.Coefficient of friction is 0.45, and abrasion loss is 4.0 × 10-6mm3/ (Nm), friction Coefficient and abrasion loss are increased substantially than embodiment 6.
Comparative example 6
Difference from Example 6 is: the group of fire-resistant oxidation resistant metal-based self-lubricating composite material becomes, Ni-based conjunction Golden 64wt%, calcirm-fluoride/barium fluoride eutectic 7wt%, enamel 8wt%, aluminum oxide 16wt%, yttria 5wt%.
The composite material prepared through discharge plasma sintering, coefficient of friction is 0.19 at 900 DEG C, abrasion loss is 1.7 × 10-6mm3/ (Nm), coefficient of friction and abrasion loss and embodiment 6 are suitable.But the compression strength of the composite material is only 878MPa, decline 26%.
Embodiment and comparative example the result shows that, the present invention by the design of the high alumina of nickel-base alloy and antioxidant plus Enter, increases substantially high temperature oxidation resistance;Pass through the addition rapid induction subsurface enamel of novel high-temperature self-lubrication phase enamel The formation of layer, and the effect of have both resistance to high temperature oxidation;Composite material consistency, suppression can be improved by special sintering preparation process It makes growing up for nanocrystalline (particle), guarantees mechanical behavior under high temperature, the composite material of preparation has both high temperature resistant, anti-oxidant and from moistening Sliding comprehensive performance.
The Applicant declares that detailed composition of the invention and preparation method although there has been shown and described that, to the skill of this field For art personnel, the invention is not limited to rely on above-mentioned detailed composition and preparation method to implement.To of the invention any Improvement, products material substitution and addition of auxiliary element etc., within the scope of protection and disclosure of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of metal-based self-lubricating composite material of fire-resistant oxidation resistant, it is characterised in that: weight percentage, this is multiple Condensation material composition is as follows:
Metallic matrix phase 65~82%;
Self-lubricating phase 8~15%;
Hard phase 6~15%;
Antioxidant 2~10%;
The metallic matrix is mutually high alumina nickel-base alloy, and the starting powder granularity for preparing composite material metallic matrix phase is less than 20μm;The self-lubricating phase is one of fluoride and enamel, glass, and granularity is less than 10 μm, and wherein fluoride is calcirm-fluoride With the eutectic object of barium fluoride, content is no more than 10wt%, enamel or glass for silica system, and the content of enamel or glass is 3~10wt%;Hard phase is aluminum oxide, and granularity is less than 10 μm;Antioxidant is times of ceria, yttria Meaning cooperation, granularity are less than 100nm;
In the high alumina nickel-base alloy, aluminium content is 10~18wt%, and chromium content is 12~30wt%, and surplus is nickel, phase Structure is with γ-Ni and γ '-Ni3Based on Al;
The enamel concrete composition of weight percentage, one of described high-temperature self-lubrication phase is as follows:
Silica 40~65%;
Diboron trioxide 3~15%;
Aluminum oxide 3~15%;
Sodium oxide molybdena and/or potassium oxide 11~25%;
It is other≤15%, it is other refer to zinc oxide, calcium oxide, zirconium dioxide, magnesia, titanium dioxide, nickel oxide, cobalt oxide it It is one or more kinds of;
One of high-temperature self-lubrication phase enamel mixes various oxide ball millings the preparation method is as follows: matching according to enamel composition It closes, 300~400 revs/min of revolving speed, the time 20~30 hours;Melting is heated through 1200~1650 DEG C of temperature ranges, water quenching is warded off Glaze;Planetary type ball-milling 80~120 hours, enamel micro mist of the partial size less than 10 μm is made.
2. the preparation method of the metal-based self-lubricating composite material of fire-resistant oxidation resistant described in accordance with the claim 1, feature It is, this method comprises the following steps:
(1) powder mixes: according to the composition proportion of composite material by metallic matrix phase powder, self-lubricating phase powder, hard phase powder End and antioxidant are mixed by planetary type ball-milling, 300~400 revs/min of revolving speed, Ball-milling Time 10~15 hours, are mixed Close uniform composite powder;
(2) composite powder obtained by step (1) discharge plasma sintering: is obtained into composite wood after vacuum discharge plasma agglomeration Material.
3. the preparation method of the metal-based self-lubricating composite material of fire-resistant oxidation resistant according to claim 2, feature It is, the technological parameter of the vacuum discharge plasma agglomeration is as follows:
Vacuum degree ﹤ 1 × 10-2atm;
Sintering temperature: 1050~1250 DEG C;
Heating rate: 50~100 DEG C/min;
Sintering pressure: 20~35MPa;
10~20min of soaking time, natural cooling after heat preservation.
4. the preparation method of the metal-based self-lubricating composite material of fire-resistant oxidation resistant according to claim 2, feature It is, the performance indicator of the composite material is as follows:
For consistency 98% or more, compression strength is 900MPa or more;In 700~900 DEG C of temperature range frictions, average friction system Number is 0.1~0.3, and abrasion loss is less than 1 × 10-5mm3/(Nm);In 700~900 DEG C of temperature ranges, the composite material it is anti-oxidant Grade is completely anti-oxidant, and after oxidation 100h, oxidation weight gain is less than 0.5mg/cm2
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