CN107171022B - A kind of lithium-ion electrolyte and its lithium ion battery - Google Patents
A kind of lithium-ion electrolyte and its lithium ion battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN107171022B CN107171022B CN201710446792.9A CN201710446792A CN107171022B CN 107171022 B CN107171022 B CN 107171022B CN 201710446792 A CN201710446792 A CN 201710446792A CN 107171022 B CN107171022 B CN 107171022B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of lithium ion secondary battery and its electrolyte, the electrolyte of the lithium ion secondary battery, comprising: non-aqueous organic solvent;Lithium salts is dissolved in non-aqueous organic solvent;And additive, it is dissolved in non-aqueous organic solvent.The additive includes the unsaturated cyclic phosphite ester compound with following formula I structural formula, the 8 class compound quality of unsaturated cyclic is the 0.3%~2% of the non-aqueous organic solvent gross mass, wherein, R1 is separately selected from alkyl, group containing unsaturated bond, one of halogenated alkyl, haloalkene alkyl, halogenophenyl, halogenated biphenyl base, the halogen are F, Cl or Br, described halogenated to replace for monosubstituted, part or complete replace;N is selected from the integer in 0~3.The SEI film that can be capable of forming high-temperature stable and stable circulation on the positive and negative anodes of lithium ion secondary battery that the present invention passes through the composition of change additive.To improve battery core in the comprehensive performance of high voltage.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to battery technology field more particularly to a kind of lithium ion batteries.
Background technique
Universal, such as laptop with rapid changepl. never-ending changes and improvements of consumable electronic product, smart phone, wearable device, model plane
Deng.People are higher and higher to the performance requirement of lithium ion secondary battery, this makes lithium ion secondary battery need the body in restriction
Possess higher capacity within long-pending or certain quality, so how to improve the energy density of battery how high-energy is improved
The battery performance of the battery core of density it is that industry is continued for the common difficulty made great efforts.The work of battery core is wherein improved at present
Voltage is one of the effective way of raising energy density, and the stability of the battery core performance under high voltage, especially high-temperature behavior
Stability be a huge challenge.
For high-temperature behavior, in high temperature storage environment, facing challenges are inside battery core: " solid electricity above 1. cathode
Solve matter interfacial film " (Solid Electrolyte INterface, SEI film) at a high temperature of stability;Point of the SEI film in high temperature
Solution leads to electrolyte decomposition reaction on cathode, and battery core can be made to generate bulk gas and influence the storage electrochemistry of battery core
Energy;2. the anode and the stability of electrolyte at high temperature of high oxidation activity;Anode is to the oxygenolysis of electrolyte in high voltage
It will be strengthened under the condition of high temperature, this reaction is the main reason for leading to battery core big volume production gas.This two big reason will lead to
The dilatancy of lithium ion secondary battery, and cause lithium ion secondary battery short circuit occurred inside or battery packages to burst and lead
It causes flammable electrolyte to reveal, there is the risk for causing the safety accidents such as fire.
To solve the above-mentioned problems, a kind of additive or one group of additive combination are needed, can be made in lithium ion secondary
The SEI film of high-temperature stable and stable circulation is capable of forming on the positive and negative anodes of battery.To improve battery core in the comprehensive of high voltage
Energy.
Summary of the invention
In view of the problems in the background art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of lithium ion secondary battery and its electricity
Liquid is solved, the high-temperature storage performance of lithium ion secondary battery can be improved.
It to achieve the goals above, include non-aqueous organic solvent in the present invention;Lithium salts is dissolved in the non-aqueous organic solvent
In;And additive, it is dissolved in the non-aqueous organic solvent.The additive includes the insatiable hunger with following formula I structural formula
With cyclic phosphites class compound, the unsaturated cyclic phosphite ester compound quality is that the non-aqueous organic solvent is total
The 0.3%~2% of quality, wherein R1 is separately selected from alkyl, containing one of halogenated alkyl or haloalkene alkyl,
The halogen of the halogenated alkyl is F, Cl or Br, described halogenated to replace for monosubstituted, part or complete replace;N is selected from 0~3
Integer.
In addition, the present invention provides a kind of lithium ion secondary batteries comprising: positive plate;Negative electrode tab;Isolation film, interval
Between positive plate and negative electrode tab;And electrolyte.The electrolyte is the lithium ion secondary electricity according to first aspect present invention
The electrolyte in pond.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:
The present invention by change additive composition can make being capable of shape on the positive and negative anodes of lithium ion secondary battery
At the SEI film of high-temperature stable and stable circulation.To improve battery core in the comprehensive performance of high voltage.
Specific embodiment:
The following detailed description of lithium ion secondary battery according to the present invention and its electrolyte and comparative example, embodiment and survey
Test result.
Illustrate the electrolyte of lithium ion secondary battery according to the present invention first.
It according to the present invention include: non-aqueous organic solvent;Lithium salts is dissolved in the non-aqueous organic solvent;And additive,
It is dissolved in the non-aqueous organic solvent.The additive includes the unsaturated cyclic phosphite ester with following formula I structural formula
Class compound, the unsaturated cyclic phosphite ester compound quality be the non-aqueous organic solvent gross mass 0.3%~
2%, wherein R1 is separately selected from alkyl, containing one of halogenated alkyl or haloalkene alkyl, the halogenated alkyl
Halogen is F, Cl or Br, described halogenated to replace for monosubstituted, part or complete replace;N is selected from the integer in 0~3.
Unsaturated cyclic phosphite ester compound with Formulas I structure has unsaturated cyclic phosphite ester structure, this
Kind phosphite ester structure may form solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film in negative terminal surface, prevent the solvent composition in electrolyte
Further reduction decomposition on cathode, and what the oxide component in SEI film with Formulas I structure can be stable is present in cathode
Surface, and then guarantee that lithium ion secondary battery has stable performance at high temperature.Meanwhile the phosphorous acid with Formulas I structure
Ester structure can also be oxidized to protective film in anode, so that anode and electrolyte be isolated, electrolyte be protected not to be further oxided
It decomposes.
Unsaturated cyclic phosphite ester compound with Formulas I structure has good solubility in the electrolytic solution, when it
When mass percentage in non-aqueous organic electrolyte is lower than 0.3%, the positive and negative anodes passivating film of formation is not enough to prevent to be electrolysed
The further reaction of liquid, it is unobvious to the improvement of the high-temperature storage performance of lithium ion secondary battery;When it is in non-aqueous organic solvent
In mass percentage when being higher than 2%, can be formed that the reaction of positive and negative anodes passivating film is excessively violent, lead to the impedance of film forming
It sharply increases, to deteriorate other electrical properties of lithium ion secondary battery.
In the electrolyte of the lithium ion secondary battery described according to a first aspect of the present invention, the non-aqueous organic solvent can
Further include: ethylene carbonate (EC), propene carbonate (PC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), carbonic acid dipropyl
Ester, methyl ethyl carbonate (MEC), methyl propyl carbonate, methyl formate, ethyl acetate, methyl butyrate, methyl acrylate, sulfurous acid two
Methyl esters, diethyl sulfite, acid anhydrides, N-Methyl pyrrolidone, N-METHYLFORMAMIDE, N- methylacetamide, acetonitrile, N, N- bis-
Methylformamide, sulfolane, dimethyl sulfoxide, methyl sulfide, gamma-butyrolacton, tetrahydrofuran, fluorine-containing cyclic annular organic ester, sulphur-containing cyclic
One or more of in organic ester, the organic ester of ring-type containing unsaturated bond.
In the electrolyte of the lithium ion secondary battery described according to a first aspect of the present invention, the lithium salts be can be selected from
LiPF6、LiBF4、LiBOB、LiClO4、LiAsF6、LiCF3SO3、Li(CF3SO2)2N,LiPO2F2One or more of.
In lithium ion secondary battery according to the present invention, the charge cutoff voltage of the lithium ion battery is 4.1V
~4.6V.
Lithium ion secondary battery according to the present invention, comprising: positive plate;Negative electrode tab;Isolation film is interval in positive plate
Between negative electrode tab;And electrolyte.The electrolyte is the electrolyte according to lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention.
It include positive electrode active materials in the positive plate in lithium ion secondary battery according to the present invention, it is described
Positive electrode active materials are lithium transition-metal oxide, are selected from lithium and cobalt oxides, lithium nickel oxide, lithium manganese oxide, lithium nickel manganese
One or more of oxide, lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide, lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide.
It include negative electrode active material in the negative electrode tab in lithium ion secondary battery according to the present invention, it is described
Negative electrode active material be selected from soft carbon, hard carbon, artificial graphite, natural graphite, silicon, silicon oxide compound, silicon-carbon compound, lithium titanate or
One or more of the metal of alloy can be formed with lithium.
The comparative example and embodiment of lithium ion secondary battery according to the present invention and its electrolyte will be illustrated next.
Comparative example 1
(1) preparation of the positive plate of lithium ion secondary battery
Active material cobalt acid lithium, conductive agent acetylene black, binder Kynoar (PVDF) are existed by weight 96:2:2
After being thoroughly mixed in solvent N-methyl pyrilidone uniformly, it is coated on drying on collector Al foil, cold pressing, obtains lithium ion
The positive plate of secondary cell.
(2) preparation of the negative electrode tab of lithium ion secondary battery
By active material graphite, conductive agent acetylene black, binder butadiene-styrene rubber (SBR), thickener sodium carboxymethylcellulose
(CMC) after being thoroughly mixed in solvent deionized water uniformly by weight 95:2:2:1, coated on being dried on collector Cu foil
Dry, cold pressing, obtains the negative electrode tab of lithium ion secondary battery.
(3) preparation of the electrolyte of lithium ion secondary battery
Ethylene carbonate (EC), propene carbonate (PC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), fluorinated ethylene carbonate (FEC) are pressed
Weight ratio 30:15:50:5 mixes (as non-aqueous organic solvent), and dissolves 1.10M LiPF6Lithium salts in non-aqueous organic solvent,
Electrolyte as lithium ion secondary battery.
(4) preparation of lithium ion secondary battery
Positive plate, isolation film (PE porous polymer film), negative electrode tab are folded in order, make isolation film be in positive plate and
Play the role of isolation among negative electrode tab, winding obtains naked battery core later, and after 80 DEG C of bakings remove water, naked battery core is placed in battery
In outer packing, injects the electrolyte prepared and encapsulation, chemical conversion, exhaust and test capacity complete the preparation of lithium ion secondary battery.
Comparative example 2
Lithium ion secondary battery is prepared according to the method for comparative example 1, only in the system of the electrolyte of lithium ion secondary battery
In standby (i.e. step (3)), the phosphorous acid three that mass percentage (in terms of non-aqueous organic solvent) is 2% also added in electrolyte
Methyl esters.
Comparative example 3
Lithium ion secondary battery is prepared according to the method for comparative example 1, only in the system of the electrolyte of lithium ion secondary battery
In standby (i.e. step (3)), the phosphorous acid three that mass percentage (in terms of non-aqueous organic solvent) is 2% also added in electrolyte
Methyl esters.
Comparative example 4
Lithium ion secondary battery is prepared according to the method for comparative example 1, only in the system of the electrolyte of lithium ion secondary battery
In standby (i.e. step (3)), the compound that mass percentage (in terms of non-aqueous organic solvent) is 0.1% also added in electrolyte
1。
Comparative example 5
Lithium ion secondary battery is prepared according to the method for comparative example 1, only in the system of the electrolyte of lithium ion secondary battery
In standby (i.e. step (3)), the compound 1 that mass percentage (in terms of non-aqueous organic solvent) is 4% also added in electrolyte.
Embodiment 1
Lithium ion secondary battery is prepared according to the method for comparative example 1, only in the system of the electrolyte of lithium ion secondary battery
In standby (i.e. step (3)), the compound that mass percentage (in terms of non-aqueous organic solvent) is 1.5% also added in electrolyte
1。
Embodiment 2
Lithium ion secondary battery is prepared according to the method for comparative example 1, only in the system of the electrolyte of lithium ion secondary battery
In standby (i.e. step (3)), the compound that mass percentage (in terms of non-aqueous organic solvent) is 1.5% also added in electrolyte
2。
Embodiment 3
Lithium ion secondary battery is prepared according to the method for comparative example 1, only in the system of the electrolyte of lithium ion secondary battery
In standby (i.e. step (3)), the compound 3 that mass percentage (in terms of non-aqueous organic solvent) is 1% also added in electrolyte.
Embodiment 4
Lithium ion secondary battery is prepared according to the method for comparative example 1, only in the system of the electrolyte of lithium ion secondary battery
In standby (i.e. step (3)), the compound 4 that mass percentage (in terms of non-aqueous organic solvent) is 1% also added in electrolyte.
Embodiment 5
Lithium ion secondary battery is prepared according to the method for comparative example 1, only in the system of the electrolyte of lithium ion secondary battery
In standby (i.e. step (3)), the compound 5 that mass percentage (in terms of non-aqueous organic solvent) is 1% also added in electrolyte.
Finally illustrate the test process and test result of lithium ion secondary battery according to the present invention and its electrolyte.
High-temperature storage performance test
1) test of thickness swelling and record
Lithium ion secondary battery in comparative example 1-5 and embodiment 1-5 is respectively taken 5, with 0.5C under room temperature (25 DEG C)
Multiplying power constant current charging further charges to electric current lower than 0.05C under 4.40V constant voltage, makes it to voltage to 4.40V
In 4.40V fully charged state, expiring the thickness for filling lithium ion secondary battery and being denoted as D0 before test storage.Again by the lithium completely filled from
Sub- secondary cell is placed in 6h in 85 DEG C of baking ovens, and lithium ion secondary battery is taken out, and the thickness after testing its storage immediately is simultaneously denoted as
D1.The then thickness swelling ε of lithium ion secondary battery storage front and back are as follows:
ε=(D1-D0)/D0 × 100%.
Take thickness of the average value of the thickness swelling of every group of 5 lithium ion secondary batteries as the lithium ion secondary battery
Spend expansion rate.
2) test of capacity remnants rate and record
0.5C constant-current discharge the putting to 3.0V under room temperature (25 DEG C) before 85 DEG C of each branch battery core storages of record 1) simultaneously
Capacitance is C0, then after 85 DEG C of storages, restore to battery temperature to room temperature (25 DEG C), 0.5C electric discharge constant-current discharge to voltage arrives
3.0V simultaneously records discharge capacity as C1.The then capacity remnants rate Res. after lithium ion secondary battery storage are as follows:
Res.=C1/C0× 100%
Take appearance of the average value of the capacity remnants rate of every group of 5 lithium ion secondary batteries as the lithium ion secondary battery
Measure remaining rate.
Table 1 provides the parameter and the performance test results of comparative example 1-5 and embodiment 1-5.
The parameter and the performance test results of table 1 comparative example 1-5 and embodiment 1-5
Next the performance test results of comparative example 1-5 and embodiment 1-5 are analyzed.
From table 1 it follows that of the invention containing the unsaturated cyclic phosphite ester compound with Formulas I structure
The lithium ion secondary battery of embodiment 1-5 compares the thickness swelling and capacity remnants rate of comparative example 1-5 after 85 DEG C/6h storage
All improve significantly.This is because unsaturated cyclic phosphites class compound is stable in addition to being capable of forming in cathode
SEI film guarantees the stability of the cathode under high temperature.Layer protecting film can also be also formed in anode, it is ensured that full in high temperature
In the state of voltage, anode and electrolyte will not generate violent oxidation reaction so as to cause the loss of gas and capacity is produced.Comparison
Example 2 is the phosphite ester of chain, and the experimental result with comparative example 1 is it is found that suitable protective film, battery core can not be formed in positive and negative anodes
High-temperature behavior be unable to get improvement.The experimental result of comparative example 3 and comparative example 1 it is found that comparative example 3 trimethyl phosphate, very
To the high-temperature behavior for being degrading battery core, mainly may be due to itself and graphite it is incompatible caused by.Comparative example 4, comparative example 5 and implementation
Example 1 illustrates that suitable solubility range plays a key role the performance of the Additive Properties, and solubility is too low to be embodied
Effect, the too high impedance due to battery core of solubility improve, and bring more negative impacts.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of electrolyte of lithium ion secondary battery, comprising: non-aqueous organic solvent, lithium salts and additive, it is characterised in that:
The additive includes the unsaturated cyclic phosphite ester compound with following formula I structural formula, and the unsaturated cyclic is sub-
Phosphate compounds quality is the 0.3%~2% of the non-aqueous organic solvent gross mass, wherein R1 is separately selected from
Alkyl, containing one of halogenated alkyl or haloalkene alkyl, the halogen of the halogenated alkyl is F, Cl or Br, described halogenated to be
Monosubstituted, part replaces or full substitution;N is selected from the integer in 0~3,
2. the electrolyte of lithium ion secondary battery according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the non-aqueous organic solvent is
Ethylene carbonate (EC), propene carbonate (PC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), dipropyl carbonate, carbonic acid
Methyl ethyl ester (MEC), methyl propyl carbonate, methyl formate, ethyl acetate, methyl butyrate, methyl acrylate, dimethyl sulfite, two
Ethyl-sulfurous acid ester, acid anhydrides, N-Methyl pyrrolidone, N-METHYLFORMAMIDE, N- methylacetamide, acetonitrile, N, N- dimethyl methyl
Amide, sulfolane, dimethyl sulfoxide, methyl sulfide, gamma-butyrolacton, tetrahydrofuran, fluorine-containing cyclic annular organic ester, sulphur-containing cyclic organic ester,
One or more of in the organic ester of ring-type containing unsaturated bond.
3. the electrolyte of lithium ion secondary battery according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the additive further includes carbon
Sour vinylene (VC), fluorinated ethylene carbonate (FEC), ethylene sulfite, propylene sulfite, 1,3- propane sultone
(PS), one or more of sulfuric acid vinyl ester (DTD).
4. the electrolyte of lithium ion secondary battery according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the lithium salts is LiPF6、
LiBF4、LiBOB、LiClO4、LiAsF6、LiCF3SO3、Li(CF3SO2)2N、LiPO2F2One or more of.
5. a kind of lithium ion secondary battery, comprising:
Positive plate;
Negative electrode tab;
Isolation film is interval between adjacent positive piece and negative electrode tab;
And electrolyte;It is characterized by: the electrolyte is according to lithium ion secondary of any of claims 1-4
The electrolyte of battery.
6. lithium ion secondary battery according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: the charge cutoff electricity of the lithium ion battery
Pressure is 4.1V~4.6V.
7. lithium ion secondary battery according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: the positive plate includes positive-active material
Material, the positive electrode active materials are lithium-transition metal composite oxide.
8. lithium ion secondary battery according to claim 7, it is characterised in that: the lithium-transition metal composite oxide
Selected from lithium and cobalt oxides, lithium nickel oxide, lithium manganese oxide, Li, Ni, Mn oxide, lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide, the oxidation of lithium nickel cobalt aluminium
One or more of object.
9. lithium ion secondary battery according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: the negative electrode tab includes negative electrode active material
Material, the negative electrode active material be selected from soft carbon, hard carbon, artificial graphite, natural graphite, silicon, silicon oxide compound, silicon-carbon compound,
Lithium titanate or one or more of the metal that alloy can be formed with lithium.
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CN108428942A (en) * | 2018-03-26 | 2018-08-21 | 厦门首能科技有限公司 | A kind of electrolyte of lithium rechargeable battery |
KR102152306B1 (en) * | 2018-04-19 | 2020-09-04 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | Electrolyte for rechargeable lithium battery and rechargeable lithium battery |
CN108365265A (en) * | 2018-05-15 | 2018-08-03 | 中山弘毅新材料有限公司 | A kind of non-aqueous electrolyte for lithium ion cell and lithium ion battery |
WO2020135668A1 (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2020-07-02 | 深圳新宙邦科技股份有限公司 | Non-aqueous electrolyte for lithium-ion battery, and lithium-ion battery |
CN111430800B (en) * | 2020-05-20 | 2021-08-03 | 天津市捷威动力工业有限公司 | Electrolyte additive, application thereof, non-aqueous electrolyte containing electrolyte additive and battery |
CN114122494A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2022-03-01 | 深圳新宙邦科技股份有限公司 | Lithium ion battery |
CN112531210A (en) * | 2020-12-03 | 2021-03-19 | 天津市捷威动力工业有限公司 | Electrolyte additive, application and non-aqueous electrolyte comprising electrolyte additive |
CN114597488A (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2022-06-07 | 深圳新宙邦科技股份有限公司 | Non-aqueous electrolyte and lithium ion battery |
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JP5471333B2 (en) * | 2009-11-16 | 2014-04-16 | 三菱化学株式会社 | Non-aqueous electrolyte and non-aqueous electrolyte battery using the same |
CN103904363A (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2014-07-02 | 东莞市杉杉电池材料有限公司 | Phosphite ester stabilizer and non-aqueous electrolyte comprising stabilizer |
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