CN108428942A - A kind of electrolyte of lithium rechargeable battery - Google Patents
A kind of electrolyte of lithium rechargeable battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN108428942A CN108428942A CN201810257178.2A CN201810257178A CN108428942A CN 108428942 A CN108428942 A CN 108428942A CN 201810257178 A CN201810257178 A CN 201810257178A CN 108428942 A CN108428942 A CN 108428942A
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- electrolyte
- carbonate
- rechargeable battery
- lithium
- lithium rechargeable
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of electrolyte of lithium rechargeable battery, the present invention includes non-aqueous organic solvent, lithium salts and additive, the additive is the hexatomic ring phosphite ester compound with following formula I structural formulas, wherein, R1 is the alkyl group of unsaturated bond, in addition, R2=R3=R4=H works as R2, when R3, R4 wherein any one group are fluorine atom, remaining two groups are hydrogen atom.The present invention reduces the reactivity of PF5, and reducing PF5 and impurity in electrolyte leads to the side reaction that coloration rises and acidity rises;The addition content of stabilizer is low, has achieved the effect that economic and practical.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of lithium more particularly to a kind of electrolyte of lithium rechargeable battery.
Background technology
With development in science and technology, the lithium battery electric core of digital class and power category requires to be increasingly stringenter for battery life, phase
The requirement to electrolyte quality stability answered also accordingly improves.From the point of view of the general index of professional standard, about electrolyte product
The index of Quality Control is coloration and acidity.According to People's Republic of China (PRC) chemical industry standard HG/T4067-2015《Hexafluorophosphoric acid
Lithium electrolyte》, wherein in the case where meeting storage condition, to≤the 50Hazen that is defined as of coloration, the requirement of acidity is≤
50ppm.So how in the case of the tightened up electrochemical requirements of nowadays more complicated additive system, electrolyte is improved
The stability of storage becomes the challenge of each electrolyte manufacturer.
It is believed that influencing the principal element of electrolyte stability for hexafluoro phosphorus after carbonic ester dissociation in electrolyte in industry
Trace water is reacted in sour lithium LiPF6 and electrolyte, and coloration rises caused by the HF of generation and the reaction of follow-up a series of complex.It closes
In the stability for how improving electrolyte, means that the electrolyte manufacturer of mainstream takes mainly have following two.
One, strictly controls production technology, reduces the introducing of trace water and reduces the reactivity of lithium hexafluoro phosphate and trace water.
Including:The water content of main solvent is reduced, the risk of the moisture introduced in transfer process in technical process is reduced, reduces and adds salt
When solvent temperature also have control supplied materials in lithium hexafluoro phosphate acidity and impurity content;
The deterioration that additive prevents electrolyte quality is added by electrolyte itself by two,.In fact due to acidity it is main come
The generation mechanism of source HF is clear, thus by the control of trace water can effective Controlled acidity, to a certain extent to coloration can have compared with
Good control, but since the mechanism of discoloration is more complicated, formed with electrolyte solvent, lithium salts batch stabilization and additive body
The difference of system is closely bound up.
In consideration of it, developing a kind of electrolyte stabilizer, electrolyte coloration can be effectively inhibited to rise, the life to electrolyte
Production, storage and application all seem extremely important.
Invention content
It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide the lithiums that can improve lithium-ion electrolyte stability
The electrolyte of ion secondary battery.
The present invention includes non-aqueous organic solvent, lithium salts and additive, and the additive is with following formula I structural formulas
Hexatomic ring phosphite ester compound, wherein R1 is the alkyl group of unsaturated bond, in addition, R2=R3=R4=H or working as
When R2, R3, R4 wherein any one group are fluorine atom, remaining two groups are hydrogen atom.
Specifically, the alkyl group is one kind in halogenated alkyl, haloalkene alkyl, halogenophenyl, halogenated biphenyl base,
The halogen is F, Cl or Br, described halogenated for monosubstituted, part substitution or full substitution.
Specifically, the hexatomic ring cyclic phosphites class compound quality account for electrolyte total mass ratio be 500~
1000ppm。
Specifically, the non-aqueous organic solvent is ethylene carbonate (EC), propene carbonate (PC), dimethyl carbonate
(DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), dipropyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate (MEC), methyl propyl carbonate, methyl formate, acetic acid second
Ester, methyl butyrate, methyl acrylate, dimethyl sulfite, diethyl sulfite, acid anhydrides, N-Methyl pyrrolidone, N- methyl
Formamide, N- methylacetamides, acetonitrile, N,N-dimethylformamide, sulfolane, dimethyl sulfoxide, methyl sulfide, gamma-butyrolacton, four
One or more of in hydrogen furans, fluorine-containing cyclic annular organic ester, sulphur-containing cyclic organic ester, the organic ester of ring-type containing unsaturated bond.
Specifically, the electrolyte includes also auxiliary additive, and the auxiliary additive further includes vinylene carbonate
(VC), fluorinated ethylene carbonate (FEC), ethylene sulfite, propylene sulfite, 1,3- propane sultones (PS), sulfuric acid second
It is one or more in enester (DTD).
Specifically, the lithium salts is LiPF6, LiBF4, LiBOB, LiClO4, LiAsF6, LiCF3SO3, Li (CF3SO2)
It is one or more in 2N, LiPO2F2.
A kind of lithium ion battery, the lithium ion battery include electrolyte, it is characterised in that:The electrolyte uses power
Profit requires the lithium-ion battery electrolytes described in 1-6 any one.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
The present invention reduces the reactivity of PF5, and reducing PF5 and impurity in electrolyte causes in coloration rising and acidity
The side reaction risen;The addition content of stabilizer is low, has achieved the effect that economic and practical.
Specific implementation mode
The invention will be further described for specific embodiment, but these embodiments do not constitute any limit to the present invention
System.
The present invention includes non-aqueous organic solvent, lithium salts and additive, and the additive is with following formula I structural formulas
Hexatomic ring phosphite ester compound, wherein R1 is the alkyl group of unsaturated bond, in addition, R2=R3=R4=H or working as
When R2, R3, R4 wherein any one group are fluorine atom, remaining two groups are hydrogen atom.
The alkyl group is one kind in halogenated alkyl, haloalkene alkyl, halogenophenyl, halogenated biphenyl base, the halogen
Element is F, Cl or Br, described halogenated for monosubstituted, part substitution or full substitution.
Total mass ratio that the hexatomic ring cyclic phosphites class compound quality accounts for electrolyte is 500~1000ppm.
The non-aqueous organic solvent is ethylene carbonate (EC), propene carbonate (PC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), carbonic acid
Diethylester (DEC), dipropyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate (MEC), methyl propyl carbonate, methyl formate, ethyl acetate, methyl butyrate,
Methyl acrylate, dimethyl sulfite, diethyl sulfite, acid anhydrides, N-Methyl pyrrolidone, N-METHYLFORMAMIDE, N- first
It is yl acetamide, acetonitrile, N,N-dimethylformamide, sulfolane, dimethyl sulfoxide, methyl sulfide, gamma-butyrolacton, tetrahydrofuran, fluorine-containing
One or more of in cyclic annular organic ester, sulphur-containing cyclic organic ester, the organic ester of ring-type containing unsaturated bond.
The electrolyte includes also auxiliary additive, and the auxiliary additive further includes vinylene carbonate (VC), fluoro
Ethylene carbonate (FEC), ethylene sulfite, propylene sulfite, 1,3- propane sultones (PS), sulfuric acid vinyl ester (DTD)
In it is one or more.
The lithium salts be LiPF6, LiBF4, LiBOB, LiClO4, LiAsF6, LiCF3SO3, Li (CF3SO2) 2N,
It is one or more in LiPO2F2.
A kind of lithium ion battery, the lithium ion battery include electrolyte, it is characterised in that:The electrolyte uses power
Profit requires the lithium-ion battery electrolytes described in 1-6 any one.
The comparative example and embodiment of lithium rechargeable battery and its electrolyte according to the present invention will be illustrated next.
Comparative example 1
Prepare the electrolyte of 20kg lithium rechargeable batteries
Humidity less than 1ppm glove box inside, by moisture after water removal less than 10ppm ethylene carbonate (EC),
Methyl ethyl carbonate (EMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC) are by weight 30:50:20 mixing (as non-aqueous organic solvent), and dissolve
1.0M LiPF6Lithium salts as the electrolyte of lithium rechargeable battery, and dissolves mass percent in non-aqueous organic solvent
1.5%VC.
Comparative example 2
From the electrolyte that the method for comparative example 1 prepares lithium rechargeable battery, takes out in 1kg electrolyte and be added to matter
Measure the Trimethyl phosphite that percentage composition (in terms of non-aqueous organic solvent) is 500ppm.
Comparative example 3
From the electrolyte that the method for comparative example 1 prepares lithium rechargeable battery, takes out in 1kg electrolyte and be added to matter
Measure the methyl six-membered cyclic phosphate that percentage composition (in terms of non-aqueous organic solvent) is 500ppm.
Comparative example 4
From the electrolyte that the method for comparative example 1 prepares lithium rechargeable battery, takes out in 1kg electrolyte and be added to matter
Measure the compound 1 that percentage composition (in terms of non-aqueous organic solvent) is 300ppm.
Comparative example 5
From the electrolyte that the method for comparative example 1 prepares lithium rechargeable battery, takes out in 1kg electrolyte and be added to matter
Measure the compound 1 that percentage composition (in terms of non-aqueous organic solvent) is 1300ppm.
Embodiment 1
From the electrolyte that the method for comparative example 1 prepares lithium rechargeable battery, takes out in 1kg electrolyte and be added to matter
Measure the compound 1 that percentage composition (in terms of non-aqueous organic solvent) is 500ppm.
Embodiment 2
From the electrolyte that the method for comparative example 1 prepares lithium rechargeable battery, takes out in 1kg electrolyte and be added to matter
Measure the compound 2 that percentage composition (in terms of non-aqueous organic solvent) is 500ppm.
Embodiment 3
From the electrolyte that the method for comparative example 1 prepares lithium rechargeable battery, takes out in 1kg electrolyte and be added to matter
Measure the compound 3 that percentage composition (in terms of non-aqueous organic solvent) is 500ppm.
Embodiment 4
From the electrolyte that the method for comparative example 1 prepares lithium rechargeable battery, takes out in 1kg electrolyte and be added to matter
Measure the compound 4 that percentage composition (in terms of non-aqueous organic solvent) is 500ppm.
Embodiment 5
From the electrolyte that the method for comparative example 1 prepares lithium rechargeable battery, takes out in 1kg electrolyte and be added to matter
Measure the compound 5 that percentage composition (in terms of non-aqueous organic solvent) is 500ppm.
Embodiment 6
From the electrolyte that the method for comparative example 1 prepares lithium rechargeable battery, takes out in 1kg electrolyte and be added to matter
Measure the compound 6 that percentage composition (in terms of non-aqueous organic solvent) is 500ppm.
Embodiment 7
From the electrolyte that the method for comparative example 1 prepares lithium rechargeable battery, takes out in 1kg electrolyte and be added to matter
Measure the compound 1 that percentage composition (in terms of non-aqueous organic solvent) is 700ppm.
Embodiment 8
From the electrolyte that the method for comparative example 1 prepares lithium rechargeable battery, takes out in 1kg electrolyte and be added to matter
Measure the compound 1 that percentage composition (in terms of non-aqueous organic solvent) is 900ppm.
Finally illustrate high temperature storing stabilization test process and the test of the electrolyte of lithium-ion secondary battery of the present invention
As a result.
Electrolyte high temperature storing stabilization is tested
After the coloration of the electrolyte of first test comparison example 1-5 and embodiment 1-8, by the electricity of comparative example 1-5 and embodiment 1-8
Solution liquid is sealed in glove box in Aluminum Bottle, and aluminum plastic film Vacuum Package is used in combination, is positioned in 50 degree of baking ovens.Storage 5 days/10 days/
Sample detection electrolyte chromatic value, determination of colority method are using platinum-cobalt colorimetric method, chromaticity unit in glove box after 15 days
Hazen, testing result are as shown in table 2.
Next the test result of comparative example 1-5 and embodiment 1-8 are analyzed.
From Table 2, it can be seen that the implementation containing the hexatomic ring phosphite ester compound with Formulas I structure of the present invention
The coloration of example 1-8 changes to have obtained apparent improvement.By the synthesis result with 2 Trimethyl phosphite of comparative example it is known that
Compound containing phosphorous acid functional group to coloration related side effect in electrolyte plays certain side effect and phosphoric acid ester
The hexa-atomic cyclic phosphate of methyl in compound such as comparative example 3 can not play similar effect.Related Mechanism among these:It should be with
The activity that phosphite ester functional group can reduce PF5 in electrolyte is related;When the activity reduction of PF5, the carbon in electrolyte
Good inhibition is obtained by the reaction in a series of generation pigments of acid esters or trace impurity.From comparative example 4~5 and embodiment 1,7
In~8 it can be found that within 500~1000ppm, such additive obtains optimum efficiency, particularly for economic serviceability
It is preferred that 500ppm.Embodiment 2~6 is that different functional groups replace the experimental result attempted, wherein embodiment 5, acrylic substitution
As a result poor, this may be poor related with the stability in the electrolytic solution of unsaturated functional group.
It is illustrating for section Example of the invention above, is not intended to limit the scope of the claims of the present invention,
All change or replacement without departing from the content of present invention, all should be within protection scope of the present invention.
1 comparative example 1-5 of table and embodiment 1-8 specific embodiments
The high temperature storage test result of table 2 comparative example 1-5 and embodiment 1-8
The above is the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for those skilled in the art
For, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvement can also be made, these improvement are also considered as the protection of the present invention
Range.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of electrolyte of lithium rechargeable battery, including non-aqueous organic solvent, lithium salts and additive, it is characterised in that:
The additive is the hexatomic ring phosphite ester compound with following formula I structural formulas, wherein R1 is the alkyl of unsaturated bond
Group, in addition, R2=R3=R4=H or work as R2, when R3, R4 wherein any one group are fluorine atom, remaining two groups
For hydrogen atom.
2. a kind of electrolyte of lithium rechargeable battery according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The alkyl group is
One kind in halogenated alkyl, haloalkene alkyl, halogenophenyl, halogenated biphenyl base, the halogen are F, Cl or Br, described halogenated to be
Monosubstituted, part substitution or full substitution.
3. a kind of electrolyte of lithium rechargeable battery according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The hexatomic ring is cyclic annular
Total mass ratio that phosphite ester compound quality accounts for electrolyte is 500~1000ppm;
4. a kind of electrolyte of lithium rechargeable battery according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:It is described non-aqueous organic molten
Agent be ethylene carbonate (EC), propene carbonate (PC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), dipropyl carbonate,
Methyl ethyl carbonate (MEC), methyl propyl carbonate, methyl formate, ethyl acetate, methyl butyrate, methyl acrylate, sulfurous acid diformazan
Ester, diethyl sulfite, acid anhydrides, N-Methyl pyrrolidone, N-METHYLFORMAMIDE, N- methylacetamides, acetonitrile, N, N- diformazans
Base formamide, sulfolane, dimethyl sulfoxide, methyl sulfide, gamma-butyrolacton, tetrahydrofuran, fluorine-containing cyclic annular organic ester, sulphur-containing cyclic have
One or more of in machine ester, the organic ester of ring-type containing unsaturated bond.
5. a kind of electrolyte of lithium rechargeable battery according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The electrolyte also wraps
Containing auxiliary additive, the auxiliary additive further includes vinylene carbonate (VC), fluorinated ethylene carbonate (FEC), ethylene Asia
Sulfuric ester, propylene sulfite, 1,3- propane sultones (PS), it is one or more in sulfuric acid vinyl ester (DTD).
6. the electrolyte of lithium rechargeable battery according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The lithium salts be LiPF6,
It is one or more in LiBF4, LiBOB, LiClO4, LiAsF6, LiCF3SO3, Li (CF3SO2) 2N, LiPO2F2.
7. a kind of lithium ion battery, the lithium ion battery includes electrolyte, it is characterised in that:The electrolyte uses right
It is required that the lithium-ion battery electrolytes described in 1-6 any one.
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Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109768327A (en) * | 2018-11-01 | 2019-05-17 | 惠州市宙邦化工有限公司 | A kind of non-aqueous electrolyte for lithium ion cell and the lithium ion battery using the electrolyte |
CN109818059A (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2019-05-28 | 厦门首能科技有限公司 | A kind of electrolyte of lithium ion secondary battery |
EP4142005A1 (en) * | 2021-08-26 | 2023-03-01 | Samsung SDI Co., Ltd. | Rechargeable lithium battery |
EP4142006A1 (en) * | 2021-08-26 | 2023-03-01 | Samsung SDI Co., Ltd. | Rechargeable lithium battery |
EP4142008A1 (en) * | 2021-08-26 | 2023-03-01 | Samsung SDI Co., Ltd. | Rechargeable lithium battery |
EP4261975A1 (en) * | 2022-04-12 | 2023-10-18 | Samsung SDI Co., Ltd. | Rechargeable lithium battery |
US12021193B2 (en) | 2018-11-01 | 2024-06-25 | Huizhou Capchem Chemicals Co., Ltd | Non-aqueous electrolyte including caged bicyclic phosphate, and lithium ion battery including the same |
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JP2011108454A (en) * | 2009-11-16 | 2011-06-02 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | Nonaqueous electrolyte and nonaqueous electrolyte battery using the same |
CN107171022A (en) * | 2017-06-14 | 2017-09-15 | 厦门首能科技有限公司 | A kind of lithium-ion electrolyte and its lithium ion battery |
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Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2011108454A (en) * | 2009-11-16 | 2011-06-02 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | Nonaqueous electrolyte and nonaqueous electrolyte battery using the same |
CN107171022A (en) * | 2017-06-14 | 2017-09-15 | 厦门首能科技有限公司 | A kind of lithium-ion electrolyte and its lithium ion battery |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109768327A (en) * | 2018-11-01 | 2019-05-17 | 惠州市宙邦化工有限公司 | A kind of non-aqueous electrolyte for lithium ion cell and the lithium ion battery using the electrolyte |
US20220021028A1 (en) * | 2018-11-01 | 2022-01-20 | Huizhou Capchem Chemicals Co., Ltd | Non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium ion battery and a lithium ion battery |
US12021193B2 (en) | 2018-11-01 | 2024-06-25 | Huizhou Capchem Chemicals Co., Ltd | Non-aqueous electrolyte including caged bicyclic phosphate, and lithium ion battery including the same |
CN109818059A (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2019-05-28 | 厦门首能科技有限公司 | A kind of electrolyte of lithium ion secondary battery |
CN109818059B (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2021-04-09 | 厦门首能科技有限公司 | Electrolyte of lithium ion secondary battery |
EP4142005A1 (en) * | 2021-08-26 | 2023-03-01 | Samsung SDI Co., Ltd. | Rechargeable lithium battery |
EP4142006A1 (en) * | 2021-08-26 | 2023-03-01 | Samsung SDI Co., Ltd. | Rechargeable lithium battery |
EP4142008A1 (en) * | 2021-08-26 | 2023-03-01 | Samsung SDI Co., Ltd. | Rechargeable lithium battery |
EP4261975A1 (en) * | 2022-04-12 | 2023-10-18 | Samsung SDI Co., Ltd. | Rechargeable lithium battery |
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