CN107167969B - 液晶显示装置 - Google Patents

液晶显示装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107167969B
CN107167969B CN201710018531.7A CN201710018531A CN107167969B CN 107167969 B CN107167969 B CN 107167969B CN 201710018531 A CN201710018531 A CN 201710018531A CN 107167969 B CN107167969 B CN 107167969B
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formula
liquid crystal
disposed
layer
display substrate
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CN107167969A (zh
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金施昕
卢淳俊
孙廷昊
朴卿蕙
朴俊炯
申范秀
张惠琳
郑康燮
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Samsung Display Co Ltd
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Samsung Display Co Ltd
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    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
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    • G02F1/13306—Circuit arrangements or driving methods for the control of single liquid crystal cells
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    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
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    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
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Abstract

提供液晶显示装置，包括：显示基底，包括第一基体基底、设置在第一基体基底上的开关器件、设置在开关器件上的滤色器层和设置在滤色器层上的第一电极；对向显示基底，包括第二基体基底和设置在第二基体基底上并面向第一电极的第二电极，对向显示基底与显示基底分开并面向其设置；液晶层，设置在显示基底与对向显示基底之间，并包括式1表示的至少一种第一液晶化合物和式2表示的至少一种第二液晶化合物；光屏蔽间隔件，设置在显示基底与对向显示基底之间并保持液晶层的厚度，
Figure DDA0001206601430000011
R11‑*、
Figure DDA0001206601430000012
R12‑*、L11‑*、L12‑*、L13‑*、L14‑*、R21‑*、*‑L21‑*、R22‑*、m、n、o与说明书中定义的相同。

Description

液晶显示装置
本申请要求于2016年3月8日提交的第10-2016-0027524号韩国专利申请的优先权和从该申请产生的所有权益，该申请的内容通过引用全部包含于此。
技术领域
本公开涉及一种液晶显示(LCD)装置。
背景技术
显示装置是用于可视化地显示数据的装置。随着“信息社会”的不断发展，对用于显示图像的显示装置的需求已经增加并且多元化。显示装置的示例包括液晶显示(LCD)装置、等离子体显示面板(PDP)和有机发光二极管(OLED)显示装置等。
作为最广泛使用的显示装置之一的LCD装置包括显示基底、对向显示基底、设置在显示基底与对向显示基底之间的液晶层和背光单元。
由于LCD装置的应用领域已经扩大，所以对于提高LCD装置的性能(诸如提高的响应速度、提高的对比度和降低的驱动电压)的需求已经日益增加。为了提高LCD装置的性能，包含在液晶层的液晶组合物中的液晶化合物需要具有低的旋转粘度、高的化学/物理稳定性、高的液晶相-各向同性相转变温度、低的液晶相下限温度和适当的弹性模量。对于高速响应特性，具体地，需要具有低旋转粘度的液晶材料。
发明内容
本公开的示例性实施例提供一种具有高电压保持率(VHR)和高速响应特性的液晶显示(LCD)装置。
然而，本公开的示例性实施例不受限于在此所阐述的示例性实施例。对于本公开所属领域的普通技术人员而言，通过参照以下给出的本公开的具体实施方式，本公开的上面和其它示例性实施例将变得更加明显。
根据示例性实施例，提供一种液晶显示装置。
该液晶显示装置包括：显示基底，包括第一基体基底、设置在第一基体基底上的开关器件、设置在开关器件上的滤色器层和设置在滤色器层上的第一电极；对向显示基底，包括第二基体基底和设置在第二基体基底上并面向第一电极的第二电极，其中，对向显示基底与显示基底分开并面向显示基底设置；液晶层，设置在显示基底与对向显示基底之间，其中，液晶层包括由式1表示的至少一种第一液晶化合物和由式2表示的至少一种第二液晶化合物；以及光屏蔽间隔件，设置在显示基底与对向显示基底之间并保持液晶层的厚度：
式1
Figure BDA0001206601410000021
式2
Figure BDA0001206601410000022
其中，在式1和式2中，
Figure BDA0001206601410000023
是1,4-亚苯基或1,4-亚环己基，
R11-*和R22-*中的每个独立地为C1-10烷基-*，
其中，在式1中，
L11-*、L12-*、L13-*和L14-*中的每个独立地为*-F、*-CF3或*-H，
R12-*是*-C1-5烷氧基、*-OCF3、*-CF3或*-F，
m和n中的每个独立地为从1至2的整数，
其中，在式2中，
R21-*是C1-5烷基-*，
*-L21-*是*-(CH2)i-CH＝CH-(CH2)j-*，其中，i和j中的每个独立地为从0至2的整数，
o为从1至2的整数。
液晶层可以不包括由式3表示的至少一种第三液晶化合物：
式3
CH2＝CH-(CH2)r-(Cyc)s-(PheF2)t-R31
其中，在式3中，
*-Cyc-*是1,4-亚环己基，
*-PheF2-*是2,3-二氟-1,4-亚苯基，
r是从0至5的整数，
s和t中的每个为从0至3的整数，
s和t的总和是从2至4的整数，以及
*-R31是*-C1-5烷基或*-C1-5烷氧基。
液晶层还可以包括由式RM表示的反应性液晶元：
式RM
P1-SP1-MG-SP2-P2
其中，在式RM中，
P1-*和P2-*中的每个独立地为
Figure BDA0001206601410000031
Figure BDA0001206601410000032
*-SP1-*是
Figure BDA0001206601410000033
其中，a是从0至2的整数，
*-SP2-*是
Figure BDA0001206601410000034
其中，b是从0至2的整数，
*-L-*是*-(CH2)c-*、*-O(CH2)c-*、
Figure BDA0001206601410000035
*-CH＝CH-*或*-C≡C-*，其中，c是从1至10的整数，
*-Z-*是*-(CH2)d-*，其中，d是从0至12的整数，
*-Ar-*是
Figure BDA0001206601410000036
Figure BDA0001206601410000041
*-MG-*是
Figure BDA0001206601410000042
以及
A-*是H-*、C1-10烷基-*、F-*、Br-*、I-*、*-OH、*-NH2或CN-*。
液晶显示装置还可以包括：第一液晶取向层，设置在第一电极与液晶层之间；第二液晶取向层，设置在第二电极与液晶层之间，其中，第一液晶取向层和第二液晶取向层中的至少一个可以包括所述反应性液晶元的聚合物。
所述至少一种第一液晶化合物在液晶组合物中的含量可以是大约0.5重量百分数至大约15重量百分数。
所述至少一种第二液晶化合物在所述液晶组合物中的含量可以是大约1重量百分数至大约30重量百分数。
光屏蔽间隔件可以具有与开关器件叠置的区域。
光屏蔽间隔件可以具有在大约200纳米至大约800纳米的波长下每1微米的膜厚度1或更大的光密度。
光屏蔽间隔件可以包括光屏蔽材料和粘合剂。
根据示例性实施例，可以提供具有高VHR和高速响应特性的液晶显示装置。
通过下面的具体实施方式、附图和权利要求，其它特征和方面将是明显的。
附图说明
通过参照附图详细描述本公开的示例性实施例，本公开的以上和其它方面和特征将变得更加明显，在附图中：
图1是示出根据本公开的示例性实施例的液晶显示(LCD)装置的显示基底和对向显示基底的示意性分解透视图；
图2是示出图1的LCD装置的显示区的示意性局部剖视图；以及
图3和图4是将根据本公开的示例性实施例的液晶组合物的电压保持率(VHR)与根据对比示例的液晶组合物的VHR比较的图。
具体实施方式
通过参照优选实施例的以下详细描述和附图，可以更容易地理解本发明构思的特征和实现本发明构思的特征的方法。
然而，发明构思可以以许多不同的形式实施，并且不应该被解释为局限于在此所阐述的实施例。相反地，提供这些实施例使得本公开将是彻底的和完整的，并且这些实施例将把发明构思充分地传达给本领域技术人员，并且发明构思将仅由权利要求限定。
在附图中，为了清楚，夸大了层和区域的厚度。将理解的是，当元件或层被称为“在”另一元件或层“上”、“连接到”或“结合到”另一元件或层时，该元件或层可以直接在所述另一元件或层上、直接连接或结合到所述另一元件或层，或者也可以在它们之间存在中间元件或层。相反，当元件或层被称为“直接在”另一元件或层“上”、“直接连接到”或“直接结合到”另一元件或层时，不存在中间元件或层。如在此使用的，连接可以指元件彼此物理连接、电连接和/或流体连接。
同样的标记始终指示同样的元件。如在此使用的，术语“和/或”包括一个或更多个相关所列项的任何和全部组合。
将理解的是，尽管可以在此使用术语第一、第二、第三等来描述各种元件、组件、区域、层和/或部分，但是这些元件、组件、区域、层和/或部分不应被这些术语限制。这些术语仅用于将一个元件、组件、区域、层或部分与另一元件、组件、区域、层或部分区分开来。因此，在不脱离公开的教导的情况下，以下讨论的第一元件、组件、区域、层或部分可以被命名为第二元件、组件、区域、层或部分。
为了易于描述，可以在此使用诸如“在……下方”、“下面的”、“在……下面”、“在……上方”和“上面的”等空间相对术语来描述如图中示出的一个元件或特征与另一元件或特征的关系。将理解的是，空间相对术语意图包含除了图中描绘的方位之外装置在使用或操作中的不同方位。例如，如果将图中的装置翻转，那么被描述为相对于其它元件或特征而“在”其它元件或特征“下方”或“之下”的元件将随后被定位为相对于所述其它元件或特征而“在”所述其它元件或特征“上方”。因此，示例性术语“在……下方”可包含上方和下方两种方位。装置可被另外定位(旋转90度或在其它方位处)，并相应地解释在此使用的空间相对描述语。
在此使用的术语仅用于描述具体实施例的目的，而不意图限制公开。如在此使用的，除非上下文另外明确表明，否则单数形式“一个”、“一种(者)”和“该(所述)”也意图包括复数形式。还将理解的是，当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”及其变型和/或“包括”及其变型时，指明存在所述特征、整体、步骤、操作、元件和/或组件，但是并不排除存在或附加一个或更多个其它特征、整体、步骤、操作、元件、组件和/或它们的组。
如这里使用的“大约”或“近似”包括陈述的值，并意味着：考虑到正在被谈及的测量以及与具体量的测量有关的误差(即，测量系统的局限性)，在由本领域的普通技术人员确定的具体值的可接受偏差范围之内。例如，“大约”可以表示在一个或更多个标准偏差内，或者在所陈述的值的±30％、±20％、±10％、±5％之内。
除非另有定义，否则在此使用的全部术语(包括技术术语和科学术语)具有与本公开所属领域的普通技术人员所通常理解的含义相同的含义。还将理解的是，除非在此清楚地如此定义，否则术语(诸如通用字典中定义的术语)应该被解释为具有与其在本公开及相关领域的环境中的含义一致的含义，并且将不以理想化的或过于形式化的含义来解释。
如在此使用的术语“CA-B”可以指A至B的碳的数量。另外，如在此使用的符号“*”指结合位。
如在此使用的，术语“烷基”指的是具有特定个数的碳原子并且具有一的价态的从直链或支链饱和脂肪族烃衍生的基团。
如在此使用的，术语“烷氧基”指的是“烷基-O-”，其中，术语“烷基”具有与如上描述的含义相同的含义。
如在此使用的，术语“亚烷基”指的是具有至少二的价态的直链或支链饱和脂肪族烃基团，可选地取代有一个或更多个取代基(如果指明的话)，只要没有超出亚烷基的价态。
图1是示出根据本公开的示例性实施例的液晶显示(LCD)装置500的显示基底SUB1和对向显示基底SUB2的示意性分解透视图，图2是示出图1的LCD装置500的显示区I的示意性局部剖视图。
参照图1，LCD装置500包括显示基底SUB1、对向显示基底SUB2和液晶层300，对向显示基底SUB2与显示基底SUB1隔离并面向显示基底SUB1同时与显示基底SUB1保持预定间隔，液晶层300置于显示基底SUB1与对向显示基底SUB2之间。液晶层300包括液晶化合物301并具有负介电各向异性。
LCD装置500具有显示区I和非显示区II。显示区I是观看图像的区域，非显示区II是作为围绕显示区I的显示区I的外围并且无法观看图像的区域。
显示基底SUB1可以包括在第一方向D1上延伸的多条栅极线GL和在与第一方向D1垂直的第二方向D2上延伸的多条数据线DL。尽管在图1和图2中没有具体地示出，但是栅极线GL可以不必仅设置在显示区I中，甚至可以延伸到非显示区II中，在这种情况下，显示基底SUB1可以包括栅极垫(或称为“栅极焊盘”)(未示出)。换句话说，显示基底SUB1可以在非显示区II中包括栅极垫。尽管在图1和图2中没有具体地示出，但是数据线DL可以不必仅设置在显示区I中，甚至可以延伸到非显示区II中，在这种情况下，显示基底SUB1可以包括数据垫(或称为“数据焊盘”)(未示出)。换句话说，显示基底SUB1可以在非显示区II中包括数据垫。
在显示区I中，可以设置通过栅极线GL和数据线DL限定的多个像素PX。像素PX可以以矩阵的形式布置，像素电极180可以分别设置在像素PX中。换句话说，在显示区I中，显示基底SUB1可以包括以矩阵形式布置的像素PX和也以矩阵形式布置的像素电极180。
在非显示区II中，可以设置向像素PX提供栅极驱动信号和数据驱动信号的驱动单元(未示出)。换句话说，显示基底SUB1可以在非显示区II中包括驱动单元。驱动单元可以产生与120Hz或更高的驱动频率对应的栅极驱动信号和数据驱动信号。
显示基底SUB1可以包括开关器件阵列基底(未示出)和像素电极180，对向显示基底SUB2可以包括第二基体基底(未示出)和共电极(未示出)。将在下文中参照图1和图2进一步详细描述显示基底SUB1、对向显示基底SUB2和液晶层300。
参照图1和图2，显示基底SUB1可以包括开关器件阵列基底100和像素电极180。例如，开关器件阵列基底100可以包括第一基体基底110、设置在第一基体基底110上的开关器件TFT、设置在开关器件TFT上的滤色器层160和设置在滤色器层160上的有机层170。
作为与显示基底SUB1相对的基底的对向显示基底SUB2包括第二基体基底210和共电极250。
LCD装置500还可以包括光屏蔽间隔件195、第一液晶取向层190和第二液晶取向层270。光屏蔽间隔件195可以用作用于保持液晶层300的厚度的间隔件以及用作黑矩阵二者。光屏蔽间隔件195可以设置在显示基底SUB1上。光屏蔽间隔件195可以具有与开关器件TFT叠置的区域。第一液晶取向层190可以设置在光屏蔽间隔件195上和显示基底SUB1上。第二液晶取向层270可以设置在对向显示基底SUB2上。例如，第一液晶取向层190可以设置在光屏蔽间隔件195上、有机层170上和像素电极180上，第二液晶取向层270可以设置在共电极250上。液晶层300可以置于第一液晶取向层190与第二液晶取向层270之间。
LCD装置500可以实现为聚合物稳定-垂直取向(PS-VA)模式LCD。PS-VA模式是通过包括反应性液晶元聚合物的聚合物网络使液晶化合物301的预倾斜取向稳定的技术，它可以通过第一种方法或第二种方法来实现：在第一种方法中，使用包括反应性液晶元的液晶组合物形成液晶层300，并且通过暴露于紫外(UV)光来形成包括反应性液晶元的聚合物的聚合物网络；在第二种方法中，将包括反应性液晶元的液晶取向剂施用到像素电极180和/或共电极250上以形成层，使反应性液晶元洗脱到液晶层300，并且通过暴露于UV光来形成包括反应性液晶元的聚合物的聚合物网络。
反应性液晶元(reactive mesogen)是具有用于表现液晶性的液晶元结构和可聚合端基的化合物，它可以由下面的式RM表示：
式RM
P1-SP1-MG-SP2-P2
其中，在式RM中，P1-*和P2-*中的每个独立地为
Figure BDA0001206601410000081
Figure BDA0001206601410000082
P1-*和P2-*可以彼此相同或彼此不同。
在式RM中，
*-SP1-*可以是
Figure BDA0001206601410000083
其中，a可以是从0至2的整数，
*-SP2-*可以是
Figure BDA0001206601410000091
其中，b可以是从0至2的整数。
另外，在式RM中，
*-L-*可以是*-(CH2)c-*、*-O(CH2)c-*、
Figure BDA0001206601410000092
*-CH＝CH-*或*-C≡C-*，其中，c可以是从1至10的整数，以及
*-Z-*可以是*–(CH2)d-*，其中，d可以是从0至12的整数。
另外，在式RM中，
*-Ar-*可以是
Figure BDA0001206601410000093
Figure BDA0001206601410000094
*-MG-*可以是
Figure BDA0001206601410000095
以及
A-*可以是H-*、C1-10烷基-*、F-*、Br-*、I-*、*-OH、*-NH2或CN-*。
反应性液晶元可以包括由式RM1表示的化合物和由式RM2表示的化合物中的至少一种：
式RM1
Figure BDA0001206601410000096
式RM2
Figure BDA0001206601410000097
其中，在式RM1和式RM2中，
Pm1-*和Pm2-*中的每个为
Figure BDA0001206601410000101
Figure BDA0001206601410000102
Pm1-*和Pm2-*可以彼此相同或不同，A1-*和A2-*中的每个为*-H、*-F、*-Br、*-I、*-OH、*-NH2或*-CN。
在式RM2中，*-Z1-*可以是*–(CH2)e-*或*–O(CH2)e-*，其中，n可以是1或2，e可以是从1至10的整数。
由式RM1表示的化合物与由式RM2表示的化合物相比具有相对较差的热稳定性，因此在用于形成第一液晶取向层190和第二液晶取向层270的高温热处理工艺期间会容易劣化。因此，优选地，在制造LCD装置500期间可以将由式RM1表示的化合物添加到液晶组合物，优选地，在制造LCD装置500期间可以将由式RM1表示的化合物添加到液晶取向剂。
第一种方法和第二种方法均需要用于使反应性液晶元聚合的UV曝光工艺。因此，可以使用具有优异的光稳定性的液晶化合物301来形成液晶层300。
与在其端部处具有烷基的液晶化合物(例如，在式3中，具有烷基而不是乙烯基(CH2＝CH-)的液晶化合物)相比，由式3表示的化合物是在旋转粘度、弹性模量或相变温度(Tni)方面具有优异性能的低粘度液晶化合物，因此通常可以用于提高LCD装置500的高速响应特性。然而，由式3表示的化合物由于在其端部处存在双键而具有高度脆弱的光稳定性：
式3
CH2＝CH-(CH2)r-(Cyc)s-(PheF2)t-R31
其中，在式3中，
*-Cyc-*可以是1,4-亚环己基，
*-PheF2-*可以是2,3-二氟-1,4-亚苯基，
r可以是从0至5的整数，
s和t可以是从0至3的整数，
s和t的总和可以是从2至4的整数，以及
*-R31可以是*-C1-5烷基或*-C1-5烷氧基。
如上所提及的，作为与显示基底SUB1相对的基底的对向显示基底SUB2包括第二基体基底210和设置在第二基体基底210上的共电极250。共电极250可以直接设置在第二基体基底210上。LCD装置500的显示基底SUB1包括滤色器层160和光屏蔽间隔件195，但是对向显示基底SUB2可以不包括滤色器层和黑矩阵。在这种情况下，与对向显示基底SUB2包括滤色器层和黑矩阵的情况相比，UV曝光工艺期间入射到液晶层300上的光的量增多。因此，在液晶层300包括由式3表示的化合物的情况下，由式3表示的化合物会容易劣化，结果，LCD装置500的电压保持率(VHR)会减小。
例如，由式3表示的化合物可以是由式3-1至式3-3表示的化合物中的至少一种：
式3-1
Figure BDA0001206601410000111
式3-2
Figure BDA0001206601410000112
式3-3
Figure BDA0001206601410000113
其中，在式3-1至式3-3中，X-*和R'-*中的每个可以独立地为C1-5烷基-8。
可以使用包括光屏蔽材料、粘合剂、多官能单体、光引发剂和溶剂的光敏剂制造光屏蔽间隔件195。例如，光屏蔽材料可以是黑色颜料。例如，黑色颜料可以是蓝色颜料、红色颜料和黄色颜料的组合，或者可以是包含内酰胺的黑色颜料。例如，蓝色颜料可以是由式B表示的化合物，红色颜料可以是由式R表示的化合物，黄色颜料可以是由式Y表示的化合物，包含内酰胺的黑色颜料可以是由式L表示的化合物：
式B
Figure BDA0001206601410000121
式R
Figure BDA0001206601410000122
式Y
Figure BDA0001206601410000123
式L
Figure BDA0001206601410000124
在式L中，R-*可以是C1-10烃基或C1-10烃衍生物的残基，例如，羧酸基、环氧基或苯乙烯基。
在根据本公开的示例性实施例中，光屏蔽间隔件195具有在200纳米至800纳米的波长下每1微米的膜厚度大约1或更大的光密度。
例如，粘合剂可以是由式BD1表示的化合物或者由式BD2表示的化合物：
式BD1
Figure BDA0001206601410000131
式BD2
Figure BDA0001206601410000132
在式BD1中，
R1-*和R2-*中的每个可以独立地为C1-10烃基或C1-10烃衍生物，例如，羧酸基、环氧基或苯乙烯基，以及
*-R3-*可以是C1-10亚烷基。
在式BD2中，
*-R4-*可以是C1-10亚烷基，
R5-*可以是C1-10烃基或C1-10烃衍生物的残基，例如，羧酸基、环氧基或苯乙烯基，以及
n可以是从1至100的整数。
例如，光屏蔽间隔件195可以通过将光敏剂施用在显示基底SUB1或对向显示基底SUB2上并使光敏剂经受曝光和显影工艺来形成。在这种情况下，任何未反应的组分会渗入到第一液晶取向层190和第二液晶取向层270中，在UV曝光工艺期间会损坏液晶化合物301，因此会导致余像。具体地，由式3表示的化合物易受到未反应的组分的影响。例如，未反应的组分可以是光屏蔽材料和粘合剂中的至少一种的残留物。
由于未反应的组分无法通过清洗工艺完全地去除，所以优选地可以使液晶层300中的由式3表示的化合物的含量最小化。在实施例中，液晶层300可以在液晶层300中完全不包括由式3表示的化合物。
液晶层300可以包含液晶组合物，液晶组合物包括由式1表示的第一液晶化合物和由式2表示的第二液晶化合物，而不是由式3表示的化合物：
式1
Figure BDA0001206601410000141
式2
Figure BDA0001206601410000142
其中，在式1和式2中，
Figure BDA0001206601410000143
是1,4-亚苯基或1,4-亚环己基，
R11-*和R22-*中的每个独立地为C1-10烷基-*，
式1的L11-*、L12-*、L13-*和L14-*中的每个独立地为*-F、*-CF3或*-H，
式1的R12-*为*-C1-5烷氧基、*-OCF3、*-CF3或*-F，
式1的m和n中的每个独立地为从1至2的整数，
式2的R21-*是C1-5烷基-*，
式2的*-L21-*是*-(CH2)i-CH＝CH-(CH2)j-*，其中，式2的i和j中的每个独立地为从0至2的整数，以及
式2的o是从1至2的整数。
因为由式1表示的化合物的端基(即，R11-*和R12-*)不包含任何双键并且其核心基团包括环己烯基，所以由式1表示的化合物与由式3表示的化合物相比具有相对优异的光稳定性。因此，由式1表示的化合物可以提高LCD装置500的VHR。另外，由式1表示的化合物具有低的粘度特性，因此可以提高LCD装置500的高速响应特性。
类似地，因为由式2表示的化合物在其端部处不包含任何双键，所以由式2表示的化合物与由式3表示的化合物相比具有优异的光稳定性。因此，由式2表示的化合物可以提高LCD装置500的VHR。另外，由式2表示的化合物具有低的粘度特性，因此可以提高LCD装置500的高速响应特性。
根据本公开的示例性实施例，由式1表示的第一液晶化合物在液晶组合物中的含量可以是大约0.5重量百分数至大约15重量百分数，由式2表示的第二液晶化合物在液晶组合物中的含量可以是大约1重量百分数至大约30重量百分数。
下面的表1将可以由式1表示的第一液晶化合物P-4和可以由式2表示的第二液晶化合物N-3的物理性质与对比化合物P-1、P-2、P-3、N-1和N-2的物理性质进行比较。
表1
Figure BDA0001206601410000151
下面的表2示出了根据本公开的示例性液晶组合物EX和对比液晶组合物CA、CB和CC的组成比，图3和图4是将示例性液晶组合物EX的VHR与对比液晶组合物CA、CB和CC的VHR进行比较的图。
表2
Figure BDA0001206601410000152
Figure BDA0001206601410000161
图3示出了通过分别使用对比液晶组合物CA、CB和CC以及示例性液晶组合物EX制造的不具有光屏蔽间隔件195的LCD面板获得的VHR测量值。图4示出了通过向分别使用对比液晶组合物CA、CB和CC以及示例性液晶组合物EX制造的具有光屏蔽间隔件195的LCD面板施加热量来获得的VHR测量值。
参照图3和图4，在不具有光屏蔽间隔件195的LCD面板中，示例性液晶组合物EX以及对比液晶组合物CA、CB和CC均展现出高达大约95％或更高的VHR。另一方面，在具有光屏蔽间隔件195的LCD面板中，对比液晶组合物CA、CB和CC仅展现出大约85％或更低的VHR，但是示例性液晶组合物EX展现出大约95％或更高的VHR。
下面的表3将通过分别使用对比液晶组合物CA和CB制造的48英寸LCD面板获得的高速响应测量值与通过使用示例性液晶组合物EX制造的48英寸LCD面板获得的高速响应测量值进行比较。
表3
Figure BDA0001206601410000162
Figure BDA0001206601410000171
参照表3，示例性液晶组合物EX展示出高速响应特性(Toff：3.5ms)，因此可以用于高速响应LCD面板，例如，用于120赫兹(Hz)高速响应LCD面板。
再次参照图1和图2，第一基体基底110是开关器件阵列基底100的基体基底，并可以设置为由玻璃或透明塑料材料形成的透明绝缘基底。
例如，开关器件TFT可以是薄膜晶体管(TFT)，每个TFT可以包括栅电极125、栅极绝缘层130、半导体层140、源电极152和漏电极155。作为TFT的控制端子的栅电极125可以设置在第一基体基底110上，并可以由导电材料形成。栅电极125可从栅极线GL分支。栅极绝缘层130可以设置在栅电极125与半导体层140之间，并可以使栅电极125和半导体层140彼此绝缘，并可以形成为范围在从显示区I到非显示区II。作为TFT的沟道层的半导体层140可以设置在栅极绝缘层130上。源电极152和漏电极155可以设置在半导体层140上方以彼此分开，并可以由导电材料形成。源电极152是TFT的输入端子，漏电极155是TFT的输出端子。源电极152和漏电极155可以从数据线DL分支。可以在源电极152与半导体层140之间和漏电极155与半导体层140之间形成欧姆接触层(未示出)。
栅极线GL可以设置在第一基体基底110与像素电极180之间，数据线DL可以设置在栅极线GL与像素电极180之间。
滤色器层160可以设置在源电极152上和漏电极155上。滤色器层160可以设置在开关器件TFT上，例如，开关器件TFT与像素电极180之间。滤色器层160可以形成在与显示区I中的每个像素PX对应的区域中，并可以包括第一滤色器160-1和第二滤色器160-2。例如，第一滤色器160-1和第二滤色器160-2可以是实现不同颜色的滤色器。例如，第一滤色器160-1和第二滤色器160-2中的每个可以独立地为红色滤色器R、绿色滤色器G和蓝色滤色器B中的一种。第一滤色器160-1和第二滤色器160-2可以交替地布置。
有机层170可以形成在滤色器层160上，并可以包括有机材料。有机层170也可以形成在非显示区II中。
像素电极180可以分别针对像素PX形成在有机层170上，并可以包括导电材料。像素电极180可以经由穿过滤色器层160和有机层170的接触孔172电连接到漏电极155。开关器件TFT电连接到栅极线GL和像素电极180。像素电极180可以由氧化铟锡(ITO)、氧化铟锌(IZO)、氧化铟、氧化锌、氧化锡、氧化镓、氧化钛、铝(Al)、银(Ag)、铂(Pt)、铬(Cr)、钼(Mo)、钽(Ta)、铌(Nb)、锌(Zn)、镁(Mg)或者它们的合金或层叠膜来形成。像素电极180可以设置在滤色器层160与液晶层300之间。
像素电极180可以与共电极250一起形成电场，因此可以控制液晶化合物301的取向方向。像素电极180可以是具有突出图案和裂缝图案中的至少一种的图案电极或者可以是无图案电极。
光屏蔽间隔件195可以设置在显示基底SUB1上。光屏蔽间隔件195可以设置在显示基底SUB1与对向显示基底SUB2之间。例如，光屏蔽间隔件195可以设置在有机层170上和像素电极180上。光屏蔽间隔件195可以具有设置在有机层170与液晶层300之间的部分和设置在像素电极180与液晶层300之间的部分。光屏蔽间隔件195可以具有与开关器件TFT叠置的区域。
光屏蔽间隔件195可以由弹性材料形成。例如，光屏蔽间隔件195可以包括主间隔件195M和次间隔件195S。主间隔件195M形成为比次间隔件195S高，并且即使在外力施加到LCD装置500的情况下也可以保持液晶层300的厚度。次间隔件195S可以吸收施加到主间隔件195M的外力，因此可以防止主间隔件195M的弹性被外力损坏。例如，主间隔件195M的厚度t1与次间隔件195S的厚度t2之间的差(即，t1-t2)可以是0.25微米(μm)至0.8μm。例如，如果主间隔件195M的厚度t1是3μm，那么次间隔件195S的厚度t2可以是2.5μm。
第一液晶取向层190可以设置在显示基底SUB1上和光屏蔽间隔件195上。第一液晶取向层190可以具有设置在像素电极180与液晶层300之间的部分、设置在光屏蔽间隔件195与液晶层300之间的部分和设置在光屏蔽间隔件195与第二液晶取向层270之间的部分。第一液晶取向层190不仅可以形成在显示区I中，而且还可以形成在非显示区II中。第一液晶取向层190可以包括包含反应性液晶元的聚合物的聚合物网络，例如，包括由式RM1表示的反应性液晶元的聚合物和/或由式RM2表示的反应性液晶元的聚合物的聚合物网络。
第一液晶取向层190的聚合物网络可以使液晶化合物301相对于显示基底SUB1和对向显示基底SUB2以预定的预倾角取向，即使在LCD装置500中不存在电场。如在此使用的术语“预倾角”表示液晶化合物301相对于显示基底SUB1的指向的角度，或者液晶化合物301相对于对向显示基底SUB2的指向的角度。
尽管附图中未示出，但是第一液晶取向层190可以包括包含聚酰亚胺的取向基体层和包括反应性液晶元的聚合物的聚合物网络，并且还可以包括形成在包含聚酰亚胺的取向基体层上的取向稳定层。可以不提供包含聚酰亚胺的取向基体层，第一液晶取向层190不具体局限于包括包含聚酰亚胺的取向基体层和取向稳定层两者。
第二基体基底210是对向显示基底SUB2的基体基底，并可以设置为由玻璃或透明塑料材料形成的透明绝缘基底。
共电极250可以直接设置在第二基体基底210上。共电极250可以是具有突出图案和裂缝图案中的至少一种的图案电极，或者可以是无图案电极。共电极250可以由ITO、IZO、氧化铟、氧化锌、氧化锡、氧化镓、氧化钛、Al、Ag、Pt、Cr、Mo、Ta、Nb、Zn、Mg或者它们的合金或层叠膜来形成。
第二液晶取向层270可以直接设置在共电极250上。第二液晶取向层270可以具有设置在共电极250与液晶层300之间的部分和设置在共电极250与第一液晶取向层190之间的部分。第二液晶取向层270不仅可以形成在显示区I中，而且还可以形成在非显示区II中。第二液晶取向层270可以包括包含反应性液晶元的聚合物的聚合物网络，例如，包括由式RM1表示的反应性液晶元的聚合物和/或由式RM2表示的反应性液晶元的聚合物的聚合物网络。
第二液晶取向层270的聚合物网络可以使液晶化合物301相对于显示基底SUB1和对向显示基底SUB2以预定的预倾角取向，即使在LCD装置500中不存在电场。如在此使用的术语“预倾角”表示液晶化合物301相对于显示基底SUB1的指向的角度，或者液晶化合物301相对于对向显示基底SUB2的指向的角度。
尽管附图中未示出，但是第二液晶取向层270可以包括包含聚酰亚胺的取向基体层和包括反应性液晶元的聚合物的聚合物网络，并且还可以包括形成在包含聚酰亚胺的取向基体层上的取向稳定层。可以不提供包含聚酰亚胺的取向基体层，第二液晶取向层270不具体局限于包括包含聚酰亚胺的取向基体层和取向稳定层两者。
尽管附图中未示出，但是LCD装置500还可以包括设置在显示基底SUB1的背面上的背光组件(未示出)，背光组件将光提供到液晶层300。
例如，背光组件可以包括导光板(LGP)、光源单元、反射构件和一个或更多个光学片。
改变由光源单元产生的光的路径以使光朝向液晶层300行进的LGP可以包括设置为接收由光源单元产生的光的入射表面和面向液晶层300的发射表面。LGP可以由具有均一折射率的材料(诸如聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)或聚碳酸酯(PC))形成，但是本公开不限于此。
入射到LGP的一侧或两侧上的光可以具有比LGP的临界角小的入射角，因此可以射入LGP。另一方面，入射到LGP的顶表面或底表面上的光可以具有比LGP的临界角大的入射角，因此可以均匀地分布在整个LGP上，而不是被发射到LGP的外部。
漫射图案可以形成在LGP的顶表面和底表面中的一个(例如，LGP的与LGP的发射表面相对的底表面)上，以使被引导的光向上发射。例如，为了使在LGP内传输的光向上发射，可以使用墨将漫射图案印刷在LGP的一个表面上，但是本公开不限于此。即，可以在LGP上形成作为漫射图案的细凹槽或突起的阵列，或者在不脱离本公开的范围的情况下，可以对漫射图案做出各种其它的修改。
可以在LGP与下容纳构件(未示出)之间额外地设置反射构件(未示出)。反射构件对从LGP的与LGP的发射表面相反并面向LGP的发射表面的底表面发射的光进行反射，因此将光施加回到LGP。反射构件可以形成为膜，但是本公开不限于此。
光源单元可以设置为面向LGP的入射表面。光源单元设置的数量可以根据需要改变。例如，仅一个光源单元可以设置在LGP的一侧。可选择地，三个或更多个光源单元可以设置为与LGP的三侧或更多侧对应。还可选择地，多个光源单元可以设置为与LGP的仅一侧对应。上面已经描述了背光组件，以一个或更多个光源单元设置在LGP的一侧或更多侧上的侧光式背光组件为例，但是本公开不限于此。即，本公开也可适用于直下式背光组件或诸如表面式光源器件的其它光源器件。
光源单元可以包括发射白光的白色发光二极管(LED)或发射红光、绿光和蓝光的多个LED。对于包括发射红光、绿光和蓝光的多个LED的光源单元，可以通过导通全部LED以将红光、绿光和蓝光混合在一起来实现白光。
尽管上面已经描述并示出了示例性实施例，但是，对于本领域技术人员而言将明显的是，在不脱离如由权利要求限定的公开的精神和范围的情况下，可以做出修改和变化。应该仅以描述性的含义来考虑示例性实施例，而不是用于限制的目的。

Claims (10)

1.一种液晶显示装置，所述液晶显示装置包括：
显示基底，包括第一基体基底、设置在所述第一基体基底上的开关器件、设置在所述开关器件上的滤色器层和设置在所述滤色器层上的第一电极；
对向显示基底，包括第二基体基底和设置在所述第二基体基底上并面向所述第一电极的第二电极，其中，所述对向显示基底与所述显示基底分开并面向所述显示基底设置；
液晶层，设置在所述显示基底与所述对向显示基底之间，其中，所述液晶层包括由式1表示的至少一种第一液晶化合物和由式2表示的至少一种第二液晶化合物；以及
光屏蔽间隔件，设置在所述显示基底与所述对向显示基底之间并保持所述液晶层的厚度，所述光屏蔽间隔件包括光屏蔽材料和粘合剂，
式1
Figure FDA0003269491210000011
式2
Figure FDA0003269491210000012
其中，在式1和式2中，
Figure FDA0003269491210000013
是1,4-亚苯基或1,4-亚环己基，
R11-*和R22-*中的每个独立地为C1-10烷基-*，
其中，在式1中，
L11-*、L12-*、L13-*和L14-*中的每个独立地为*-F、*-CF3或*-H，
R12-*是*-C1-5烷氧基、*-OCF3、*-CF3或*-F，
m和n中的每个独立地为从1至2的整数，
其中，在式2中，
R21-*是C1-5烷基-*，
*-L21-*是*-(CH2)i-CH＝CH-(CH2)j-*，其中，i和j中的每个独立地为从0至2的整数，
o为从1至2的整数，
其中，所述液晶层还包括反应性液晶元，所述反应性液晶元包括由式RM1表示的化合物和由式RM2表示的化合物中的至少一种：
式RM1
Figure FDA0003269491210000021
式RM2
Figure FDA0003269491210000022
其中，在式RM1和式RM2中，
Pm1-*和Pm2-*中的每个为
Figure FDA0003269491210000023
Figure FDA0003269491210000024
A1-*和A2-*中的每个为*-H、*-F、*-Br、*-I、*-OH、*-NH2或*-CN，
*-Z1-*是*-(CH2)e-*或*-O(CH2)e-*，其中，e是从1至10的整数，以及
n是1或2，
其中，所述液晶层不包括由式3-1至式3-3表示的至少一种第三液晶化合物：
式3-1
Figure FDA0003269491210000025
式3-2
Figure FDA0003269491210000031
式3-3
Figure FDA0003269491210000032
其中，在式3-1至式3-3中，X-*和R'-*中的每个独立地为C1-5烷基-*。
2.如权利要求1所述的液晶显示装置，其中，所述第一液晶化合物由式P-4表示，其中，所述第二液晶化合物由式N-3表示：
式P-4
Figure FDA0003269491210000033
式N-3
Figure FDA0003269491210000034
3.如权利要求1所述的液晶显示装置，所示液晶显示装置还包括：
第一液晶取向层，设置在所述第一电极与所述液晶层之间；
第二液晶取向层，设置在所述第二电极与所述液晶层之间，
其中，所述第一液晶取向层和所述第二液晶取向层中的至少一个包括所述反应性液晶元的聚合物。
4.如权利要求1所述的液晶显示装置，其中，所述至少一种第一液晶化合物在液晶组合物中的含量是0.5重量百分数至15重量百分数。
5.如权利要求4所述的液晶显示装置，其中，所述至少一种第二液晶化合物在所述液晶组合物中的含量是1重量百分数至30重量百分数。
6.如权利要求1所述的液晶显示装置，其中，所述光屏蔽间隔件具有与所述开关器件叠置的区域。
7.如权利要求1所述的液晶显示装置，其中，所述光屏蔽间隔件具有在200纳米至800纳米的波长下每1微米的膜厚度1或更大的光密度。
8.如权利要求1所述的液晶显示装置，其中，所述光屏蔽材料是由式B表示蓝色颜料、由式R表示的红色颜料和由式Y表示的黄色颜料的组合：
式B
Figure FDA0003269491210000041
式R
Figure FDA0003269491210000042
式Y
Figure FDA0003269491210000043
9.如权利要求1所述的液晶显示装置，其中，所述光屏蔽材料是由式L表示的包含内酰胺的黑色颜料：
式L
Figure FDA0003269491210000044
其中，在式L中，R-*是C1-10烃基。
10.如权利要求1所述的液晶显示装置，其中，所述粘合剂由式BD1或式BD2表示：
式BD1
Figure FDA0003269491210000051
式BD2
Figure FDA0003269491210000052
其中，在式BD1中，
R1-*和R2-*中的每个独立地为C1-10烃基，
*-R3-*是C1-10亚烷基，
其中，在式BD2中，
*-R4-*是C1-10亚烷基，
R5-*是C1-10烃基，以及
n是从1至100的整数。
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