CN107162193B - Device and method for treating domestic sewage by low-oxygen nitrification coupled with short-range denitrification anaerobic ammonia oxidation - Google Patents
Device and method for treating domestic sewage by low-oxygen nitrification coupled with short-range denitrification anaerobic ammonia oxidation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Low oxygen nitrationA device and a method for treating domestic sewage by coupling short-cut denitrification anaerobic ammonia oxidation belong to the field of biological treatment. The device mainly comprises a low-oxygen nitration reactor (SND-SBR) and an anoxic reactor (A-SBR). Part of domestic sewage firstly enters the SND-SBR reactor, and the synchronous nitrification and denitrification in the system are enhanced by adding filler, continuously feeding water and aerating at low oxygen. When the degradation of ammonia nitrogen in SND-SBR is finished, the SND-SBR contains low-concentration NO3 ‑The supernatant of the-N and the residual domestic sewage are pumped into the A-SBR at the same time, and the short-range denitrifying bacteria use organic carbon source to react NO with raw water3 ‑Reduction of-N to NO2 ‑N, anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria using NO2 ‑N and NH in raw Water4 +N is subjected to deep denitrification. The method utilizes the raw water carbon source to the maximum extent, reduces the treatment energy consumption, is simple and stable to control, and realizes the advanced treatment of the domestic sewage with low C/N ratio under the condition of no external carbon source.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a device and a method for treating domestic sewage by low-oxygen nitrification coupled with short-range denitrification anaerobic ammonia oxidation, belonging to the technical field of biological sewage treatment by a biochemical method. The enrichment domesticated low dissolved oxygen nitration reactor is combined with a short-cut denitrification anaerobic ammonia oxidation process, and under the condition of no external carbon source, the deep denitrification of the device is realized by optimizing process parameters and distributing inflow water flow, and meanwhile, the treatment energy consumption is reduced. Is particularly suitable for the deep denitrification treatment of low C/N town sewage and industrial wastewater.
Background
The activated sludge process is widely used for removing pollutants such as nitrogen and phosphorus in various sewage, the traditional biological denitrification process by using the activated sludge process is to convert ammonia nitrogen into nitrate nitrogen under aerobic conditions, and the nitrate nitrogen is reduced into nitrogen by using organic matters as electron donors in an anoxic stage to remove the nitrogen.
In the nitrification process, the concentration of dissolved oxygen is one of the main parameters influencing the nitrification efficiency and the operation cost, and the aeration energy consumption related to the concentration of dissolved oxygen accounts for more than 50 percent of the total energy consumption of sewage treatment. In order to reduce the treatment cost, the low-energy-consumption short-cut nitrification key technology becomes a research hotspot in recent years, but the short-cut nitrification key technology has the defects of difficult start, easy damage and the like, and the wide application of the short-cut nitrification technology is restricted. Researches find that the activated sludge can be domesticated and enriched under the condition of long-term low dissolved oxygen to obtain stable low dissolved oxygen full-course nitrified sludge, and compared with the traditional nitrified sludge, the activated sludge has more stable specific nitrification rate and can save the consumption of the dissolved oxygen.
In the traditional denitrification process, denitrifying bacteria use organic matters as electron donors to reduce nitrate nitrogen into nitrogen, and the theoretical value of COD (chemical oxygen demand) required to be consumed when 1g of nitrate nitrogen is reduced into nitrogen is 2.85 g. For urban domestic sewage with low C/N ratio, organic carbon sources such as methanol and the like are often required to be added in a denitrification stage to ensure that nitrate nitrogen in effluent reaches the standard and is discharged, so that the treatment cost is undoubtedly increased. The combined technology of short-cut denitrification and anaerobic ammonia oxidation is a biological autotrophic nitrogen removal process which firstly utilizes heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria to reduce nitrate nitrogen into nitrite nitrogen and then utilizes anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria to oxidize ammonia nitrogen into nitrogen by taking nitrite nitrogen as an electron acceptor under the anoxic state. Compared with the traditional denitrification technology, the short-cut denitrification anaerobic ammonia oxidation combined technology reduces the demand on organic carbon sources, and has the advantages of low sludge yield, stable operation and the like.
The urban domestic sewage generally has the problem of insufficient carbon source, and the denitrification efficiency caused by insufficient carbon source is lower when the traditional activated sludge treatment process is used, so that the urban domestic sewage is difficult to discharge after reaching the standard. If the deep treatment is added, the operation cost is increased and the floor area is increased. Therefore, how to develop an energy-saving and consumption-reducing advanced sewage denitrification process by coupling a key technology of sewage denitrification treatment, improve the effective utilization of a carbon source in domestic sewage with a low C/N ratio, reduce the treatment cost and the operation cost on the basis of ensuring the efficient denitrification of the wastewater, realize a combined system integrating the energy-saving and efficient advanced denitrification technologies, and become a great demand in the field of sewage treatment at the present stage.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device and a method for deeply treating low C/N domestic sewage with energy saving and consumption reduction aiming at two technical problems of low treatment efficiency and high operation energy consumption in the treatment of low C/N urban sewage by combining key technologies of domestication and enrichment of low dissolved oxygen nitrified sludge, combined combination of synchronous nitrification and denitrification and short-cut denitrification anaerobic ammonia oxidation and the like, namely, the domestic sewage is divided into two strands which sequentially enter two SBRs, the domestication of the low dissolved oxygen full-process nitrified sludge is enriched in the first SBR, and meanwhile, the organic carbon source in the first strand of inlet water is fully utilized by optimizing the water inlet mode, so that the synchronous nitrification and denitrification effect of the system is enhanced; in the second SBR, firstly, the organic carbon source in the second strand of domestic sewage is utilized to reduce nitrate nitrogen in the effluent of the first SBR reactor into nitrite nitrogen, then the anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria carry out autotrophic denitrification by taking the reduction product nitrite nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen in the influent as substrates, and part of nitrate nitrogen generated by anaerobic ammonia oxidation reaction can be reduced into nitrite nitrogen in the next period to be removed, so that the accumulation of nitrate nitrogen in the system can not occur, and the total nitrogen removal rate is improved. The invention realizes the deep denitrification of the low C/N domestic sewage under the condition of not adding an organic carbon source by adding the filler to enrich the functional strains, optimizing the operation parameters such as water inlet flow distribution, water discharge ratio, water inlet mode and the like, and has the advantages of low operation cost, low sludge yield, easy operation regulation and control and the like. Providing theoretical basis and technical support for upgrading and modifying of urban sewage treatment plants.
In order to achieve the design purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a device for treating domestic sewage by low-oxygen nitrification coupled with short-range denitrification anaerobic ammonia oxidation mainly comprises a sewage water tank, an SND-SBR reactor, a middle water tank, an A-SBR reactor and a water outlet tank; the sewage water tank is connected with the SND-SBR reactor and the A-SBR reactor through a water inlet pipe by an SND-SBR water inlet pump and an A-SBR water inlet pump respectively, the SND-SBR reactor is connected with the A-SBR reactor through a middle water tank and a reflux pump, and the A-SBR reactor is connected with a water outlet tank through a water discharge valve. The method is characterized in that: the SND-SBR reactor and the A-SBR reactor are both provided with a stirrer; an aeration device is arranged in the SND-SBR reactor; a dissolved oxygen tester is arranged in the SND-SBR reactor, and the aeration quantity of the aeration device is monitored in real time on line, so that the DO concentration in the reaction process of the SND-SBR reactor is ensured to be within the range of 0.2-0.4 mg/L; and polyurethane foam suspended biological fillers are filled in the SND-SBR reactor and the A-SBR reactor. In the SND-SBR reactor, the volume filling ratio of the filler is 40-50%, all functional microorganisms are attached to and grow on the foam filler, so that the step of separating mud from water is omitted, the drainage ratio is increased, the sludge loss is prevented, and in addition, a porous structure in the foam filler creates an internal anoxic and external aerobic microenvironment to strengthen the synchronous nitrification and denitrification effect in the SND-SBR reactor; in the A-SBR reactor, foam is used for enriching and retaining short-range denitrifying bacteria, and the volume filling ratio of the filler is 15-20%.
The method for treating domestic sewage by low-oxygen nitrification coupled with short-range denitrification anaerobic ammonia oxidation comprises the following specific steps:
1) starting and running the reactor: in the SND-SBR reactor, the returned sludge from the traditional sewage treatment plant is inoculated, and the sludge concentration of the mixed solution after inoculation is 4000-5000 mg/L. By means of a gas containing NH4 +Artificial water distribution domestication enrichment of low dissolved oxygen nitrobacteria with-N concentration of 50-60 mg/L. NH (NH)4 +During the N-nitration reaction, the aeration amount is controlled to be lower so as to keep the DO concentration within the range of 0.2-0.4 mg/L. NH in the mixed liquid within 3 hours of water inlet aeration4 +-N<At 5mg/L, the enrichment of the SND-SBR reactor with low dissolved oxygen nitrifying bacteria is considered to be completed. At the moment, polyurethane foam suspended biological filler is added into the SND-SBR reactor, the volume filling ratio of the filler is 40-50%, meanwhile, the water inflow of the SND-SBR is changed into actual domestic sewage from artificial water distribution, and when NH is contained in the mixed liquid4 +-N<5mg/L，NO3 --N<When the concentration is 30mg/L, the start of the SND-SBR reactor is confirmed to be finished, and a stable operation stage is started; polyurethane foam suspended biological fillers with a short-cut denitrification biological film and anaerobic ammonia oxidation particles are inoculated in an A-SBR reactor, the volume filling ratio of the fillers in the A-SBR reactor is 15% -20%, and the sludge concentration of the anaerobic ammonia oxidation particles is 3000 mg/L.
2) After the SND-SBR reactor is started, domestic sewage is divided into two parts which enter the SND-SBR reactor and the A-SBR reactor through the SND-SBR water inlet pump and the A-SBR water inlet pump. The first strand of raw water enters an SND-SBR reactor in a pulse water feeding mode, continuous aeration is carried out for 3-4.5 hours under the condition that DO concentration is 0.2-0.4mg/L, low dissolved oxygen nitrobacteria attached to and growing outside the filler convert ammonia nitrogen in the raw water into nitrate nitrogen through nitrification, and heterotrophic bacteria attached to the inside of the filler carry out denitrification treatment on the generated nitrate nitrogen by utilizing organic matters in the raw water.
3) After aeration is finished, discharging effluent rich in nitrate nitrogen into an intermediate water tank (4), and then mixing the effluent with a second strand of raw water according to the volume ratio of 3: 1 respectively enters an A-SBR reactor (7) through a reflux pump (5) and an A-SBR water inlet pump (6), and the mass concentration ratio of nitrate nitrogen to ammonia nitrogen after the water is mixed in the A-SBR reactor (7) is within the range of 1.6-1.8. Stirring for 2-3h under oxygen deficiency, reducing nitrate nitrogen to nitrite nitrogen by using organic matters in raw water as electron donor, and converting the generated nitrite nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen in the raw water into nitrogen by anaerobic ammonia oxidation particles. The concentration of the anaerobic ammonia oxidation granular sludge is 2000-3000 mg/L. After the reaction is finished, the effluent is discharged into the effluent tank through a drain valve, and the drainage ratio is 80%.
The device and the method for treating domestic sewage by coupling low-oxygen nitrification and short-range denitrification anaerobic ammonia oxidation have the advantages that key technologies of domesticated enriched low-dissolved oxygen nitrified sludge, synchronous nitrification and denitrification, short-range denitrification anaerobic ammonia oxidation and the like are organically combined, water inlet modes and process operation parameters are reasonably optimized, organic carbon sources in raw water are utilized to the maximum extent, and a combined system integrating low energy consumption and deep denitrification is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for treating domestic sewage by low-oxygen nitrification coupled with short-range denitrification anaerobic ammonia oxidation according to the invention;
wherein: 1-a sewage tank; 2-SND-SBR water inlet pump; a 3-SND-SBR reactor; 4-an intermediate water tank; 5-a reflux pump; 6-A-SBR water inlet pump; 7-A-SBR reactor; 8-water outlet tank; 9-a stirrer; 10-an air pump; 11-a gas flow meter; 12-an aeration device; 13-dissolved oxygen meter; 14-polyurethane foam suspended biological filler.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to fig. 1.
As shown in figure 1, the device for treating domestic sewage by low-oxygen nitrification coupled short-cut denitrification anaerobic ammonia oxidation in the embodiment of the invention mainly comprises a sewage water tank (1), an SND-SBR reactor (3), an intermediate water tank (4), an A-SBR reactor (7) and a water outlet tank (8) which are connected in sequence. The sewage water tank (1) is communicated with the SND-SBR reactor (3) and the A-SBR reactor (7) through a water inlet pipe by an SND-SBR water inlet pump (2) and an A-SBR water inlet pump (6), the SND-SBR reactor (3) is connected with the A-SBR reactor (7) through an intermediate water tank (4) and a reflux pump (5), the A-SBR reactor (7) is connected with a water outlet tank (8) through a drain valve, and the SND-SBR reactor (3) and the A-SBR reactor (7) are periodically discharged with sludge. The effective volumes of the sewage water tank (1) and the middle water tank (4) are 25L, the SND-SBR reactor (3) and the A-SBR reactor (7) used in the test are made of organic glass, and the effective volumes are 10L. Stirrers (9) are respectively arranged in the SND-SBR reactor (3) and the A-SBR reactor (7) to ensure that the sludge and the filler are in a fluidized state in the reaction process; an aeration device (12) is arranged in the SND-SBR reactor (3), an air pump (10) is connected with the aeration device (12) through an air flow meter (11), the dissolved oxygen concentration in the reactor is used for monitoring the aeration amount of the aeration device (12) on line through an installed dissolved oxygen tester (13) in real time, and the DO concentration in the reaction process of the SND-SBR reactor (3) is ensured to be kept within the range of 0.2-0.4 mg/L; polyurethane foam suspended biological fillers (14) are filled in the SND-SBR reactor (3) and the A-SBR reactor (7), the volume filling ratio of the fillers in the SND-SBR reactor (3) is 40-50%, all functional microorganisms are attached to and grow on the foam fillers, so that the link of sludge-water separation is omitted, the drainage ratio is increased, and simultaneously, the sludge loss is prevented, in addition, a porous structure in the foam fillers creates an internal anoxic and external aerobic microenvironment to strengthen the synchronous nitrification and denitrification effect in the SND-SBR reactor; the foam filler in the A-SBR reactor (7) is used for enriching and retaining short-range denitrifying bacteria, and the volume filling ratio of the filler is 15-20%.
The specific operation process of treating the domestic sewage with the low C/N ratio by using the device is as follows:
1) starting and running the reactor: inoculating activated sludge in a return pipeline of a certain sewage treatment plant in Beijing into an SND-SBR reactor (3), and simultaneously injecting the activated sludge containing NH4 +Artificial water distribution of-N and trace elements, and the sludge concentration of the inoculated mixed solution is 4000-5000 mg/L. Domesticating and enriching the low dissolved oxygen nitrobacteria according to a running mode of gradually increasing from low load to normal load. NH (NH)4 +During the N-nitration reaction, the aeration amount is controlled to be lower so as to keep the DO concentration within the range of 0.2-0.4 mg/L. NH in the mixed liquid within 3 hours of water inlet aeration4 +-N<And when the concentration is 5mg/L, the enrichment starting of the low dissolved oxygen nitrobacteria of the SND-SBR reactor is considered to be finished. At the moment, polyurethane foam suspended biological filler (14) is added into an SND-SBR reactor (3), the volume filling ratio of the filler is 40-50%, meanwhile, the water inlet of the SND-SBR is changed from artificial water distribution to actual domestic sewage, the water discharge ratio of the reactor is gradually increased to 100%, and when NH in the mixed liquid is4 +-N<5mg/L，NO3 --N<When the concentration is 30mg/L, the start of the SND-SBR reactor (3) is confirmed to be finished, and a stable operation stage is started; polyurethane foam suspended biological fillers with a short-cut denitrification biological film and anaerobic ammonia oxidation particles are inoculated in the A-SBR reactor (7), the volume filling ratio of the fillers in the A-SBR reactor (7) is 15-20%, and the sludge concentration of the anaerobic ammonia oxidation particles is 3000 mg/L.
2) After the start of the SND-SBR reactor is finished, domestic sewage is divided into two parts which are processed by an SND-SBR water inlet pump (2) and an A-SBR water inlet pump (6) according to the proportion of 5: 1, the obtained product enters an SND-SBR reactor (3) and an A-SBR reactor (7) after flow distribution. The first strand of raw water enters an SND-SBR reactor (3) in a pulse water feeding mode, continuous aeration is carried out for 3-4.5 hours under the condition that DO concentration is 0.2-0.4mg/L, low dissolved oxygen nitrifying bacteria attached and growing outside the filler convert ammonia nitrogen in the raw water into nitrate nitrogen through nitrification, and heterotrophic bacteria attached inside the filler carry out denitrification treatment on part of the generated nitrate nitrogen by utilizing organic matters in the raw water.
3) After aeration is finished, discharging effluent rich in nitrate nitrogen into an intermediate water tank (4), and then mixing the effluent with a second strand of raw water according to the volume ratio of 3: 1 respectively enters an A-SBR reactor (7) through a reflux pump (5) and an A-SBR water inlet pump (6), and is stirred for 2-3 hours in an anoxic way, and the ratio (mass concentration ratio) of nitrate nitrogen to ammonia nitrogen is within the range of 1.3-1.6. The short-range denitrifying bacteria attached to the filler take organic matters in raw water as electron donors to reduce nitrate nitrogen to nitrite nitrogen, and anaerobic ammonia oxidation particles convert the generated nitrite nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen in the raw water into nitrogen. After the reaction is finished, the discharged water is discharged into a water outlet tank (8) through a drain valve, and the water discharge ratio is 80%.
Running instances
Under the operation condition, the actual domestic sewage of certain college and university districts in Beijing is taken as a treatment object (COD is 150-. In 3 months of continuous operation, the average removal rates of COD and TN are 89% and 85%, respectively, under the condition of not discharging sludge, the sludge concentration is maintained stable, and the system has good treatment effect and sludge reduction effect.
The foregoing is a more detailed description of the invention, taken in conjunction with the specific preferred embodiments thereof, to facilitate an understanding and appreciation of the invention by those skilled in the art, and it is not intended to limit the invention to the specific embodiments described herein. It will be obvious to those skilled in the art that many simple derivations or substitutions can be made without inventive effort without departing from the inventive concept. Therefore, simple modifications to the present invention by those skilled in the art according to the present disclosure should be within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A method for treating domestic sewage by low-oxygen nitrification coupled with short-range denitrification anaerobic ammonia oxidation comprises the steps that an applied device comprises a sewage water tank (1), an SND-SBR reactor (3), an intermediate water tank (4), an A-SBR reactor (7) and a water outlet tank (8); the sewage water tank (1) is connected with the SND-SBR reactor (3) and the A-SBR reactor (7) through water inlet pipes by an SND-SBR water inlet pump (2) and an A-SBR water inlet pump (6), the SND-SBR reactor (3) is connected with the A-SBR reactor (7) through a middle water tank (4) and a reflux pump (5), and the A-SBR reactor (7) is connected with a water outlet tank (8) through a drain valve; stirrers (9) are arranged in the SND-SBR reactor (3) and the A-SBR reactor (7); an aeration device (12) is arranged in the SND-SBR reactor (3); a dissolved oxygen tester (13) is arranged in the SND-SBR reactor (3), the aeration rate of the aeration device (12) is monitored in real time on line, and the DO concentration in the reaction process of the SND-SBR reactor (3) is ensured to be within the range of 0.2-0.4mg/L by adjusting a gas flowmeter (11); the SND-SBR reactor (3) and the A-SBR reactor (7) are both filled with polyurethane foam suspended biological filler (14); in the SND-SBR reactor (3), the volume filling ratio of the filler is 40-50%; in the A-SBR reactor (7), the volume filling ratio of the foam filler is 15-20 percent;
the method is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
1) starting and running the reactor: in the SND-SBR reactor (3), the returned sludge from the traditional sewage treatment plant is inoculated, and the sludge concentration of the mixed solution after inoculation is 4000-; by means of a gas containing NH4 +Artificial water distribution domestication of N concentration of 50-60mg/L to enrich low dissolved oxygen nitrobacteria, NH4 +Controlling the aeration quantity to keep the DO concentration within the range of 0.2-0.4mg/L during the N nitration reaction; NH in the mixed liquid within 3 hours of water inlet aeration4 +-N<When the concentration is 5mg/L, the enrichment of the low dissolved oxygen nitrobacteria in the SND-SBR reactor is considered to be completed; at the moment, polyurethane foam suspended biological filler (14) is added into the SND-SBR reactor (3), the volume filling ratio of the filler is 40-50%, meanwhile, the water inflow of the SND-SBR is changed from manual water distribution into actual domestic sewage, and when NH in the mixed liquid is4 +-N<5mg/L，NO3 --N<When the concentration is 30mg/L, the start of the SND-SBR reactor is confirmed to be finished, and a stable operation stage is started; in the A-SBR reactor (7), a polyurethane foam suspended biological filler (14) and anaerobic ammonium oxidation particles are inoculated, wherein the polyurethane foam suspended biological filler is hung with a short-range denitrification biological film, A-The volume filling ratio of the filler in the SBR reactor (7) is 15-20%, and the concentration of the anaerobic ammonium oxidation granular sludge is 2000-3000 mg/L;
2) after the SND-SBR reactor is started, domestic sewage is divided into two parts, and the two parts enter the SND-SBR reactor (3) and the A-SBR reactor (7) through the SND-SBR water inlet pump (2) and the A-SBR water inlet pump (6); a first strand of raw water enters an SND-SBR reactor (3) in a continuous water inlet mode, continuous aeration is carried out for 3-4.5 hours under the condition that DO concentration is 0.2-0.4mg/L, low dissolved oxygen nitrifying bacteria attached to and growing outside the filler convert ammonia nitrogen in the raw water into nitrate nitrogen through nitrification, and heterotrophic bacteria attached to the inside of the filler carry out denitrification treatment on the generated nitrate nitrogen by utilizing organic matters in the raw water;
3) after aeration is finished, discharging effluent rich in nitrate nitrogen into an intermediate water tank (4), wherein the water discharge ratio is 100%, and then feeding the effluent and a second strand of raw water into an A-SBR reactor (7) through a reflux pump (5) and an A-SBR water inlet pump (6) according to a certain ratio, so that the ratio of the nitrate nitrogen to ammonia nitrogen in the A-SBR reactor (7) is within the range of 1.35-1.6 after the influent is mixed; stirring for 2-3h under oxygen deficiency, reducing nitrate nitrogen to nitrite nitrogen by using organic matters in raw water as electron donors by the short-range denitrifying bacteria attached to the filler, and converting the generated nitrite nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen in the raw water into nitrogen by anaerobic ammonia oxidation particles; the concentration of the anaerobic ammonia oxidation granular sludge is 2000-3000 mg/L; after the reaction is finished, the discharged water is discharged into a water outlet tank (8) through a drain valve, and the water discharge ratio is 80%.
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