CN107161026B - Protection circuit of lithium iron phosphate battery and application method thereof - Google Patents

Protection circuit of lithium iron phosphate battery and application method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107161026B
CN107161026B CN201710436499.4A CN201710436499A CN107161026B CN 107161026 B CN107161026 B CN 107161026B CN 201710436499 A CN201710436499 A CN 201710436499A CN 107161026 B CN107161026 B CN 107161026B
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pin
control chip
battery
module
voltage
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CN107161026A (en
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林锡光
林桢毅
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Guangdong Yihe Power Technology Co ltd
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Shantou Yihe Source Technology Co ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/22—Balancing the charge of battery modules
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/18—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for batteries; for accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H02J7/0026—
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0031—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using battery or load disconnect circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00302—Overcharge protection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00304—Overcurrent protection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00306—Overdischarge protection
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a protection circuit of a lithium iron phosphate battery, which comprises a control chip U1, a battery pack, a balancing module, an oscillation module, a switch module, a short circuit module and a discharge lock module, wherein all the modules are connected with the control chip U1 and controlled by the control chip U1. According to the protection circuit of the lithium iron phosphate battery and the application method thereof, all MOS (metal oxide semiconductor) tubes of the whole circuit are controlled by the control chip U1, the circuit condition is monitored in real time, and the protection circuit is in loop-to-loop connection, so that the purpose of integrating protection methods such as overcharge protection, overdischarge protection, discharge overcurrent or short circuit protection, charge overcurrent protection and the like in one circuit is realized, and the protection circuit of the lithium iron phosphate battery is simple in structure, convenient to use and easy to maintain.

Description

Protection circuit of lithium iron phosphate battery and application method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of battery protection circuits, and particularly relates to a protection circuit of a lithium iron phosphate battery and an application method thereof.
Background
Compared with the common lead-acid storage battery, the lithium iron phosphate storage battery as the new energy of the automobile has excellent performance and can reduce the voltage along with the reduction of the electric capacity, so that a higher and more stable voltage can be kept for an ignition system of the automobile, and the ignition of a spark plug is always kept in an optimal state. The working voltage of the lithium iron phosphate storage battery is higher than that of a common lead-acid storage battery, the lithium iron phosphate storage battery has stable and extremely fast charging and discharging capacity, and can generate electric arc which is larger than that of the lead-acid storage battery when a spark plug discharges a telephone, so that fuel in each cylinder can be completely combusted when an automobile is put right when the automobile is in operation at a high speed, and therefore the lithium iron phosphate storage battery is gradually adopted and used in the field of automobiles.
The battery protection is more and more emphasized to ensure the safety and continuous operation of the automobile, the battery is mostly protected by adopting a common circuit protection mode at the present stage, once a circuit short circuit occurs, the battery cannot be timely excavated to cause the battery to be burnt, the automobile can still spontaneously combust seriously, the power supply to a spark plug is directly stopped to directly cause the automobile to be dead fire, and if the accident occurs during normal driving, the automobile cannot be timely stopped to a temporary stop position to cause the traffic road to be blocked.
Meanwhile, the existing battery protection circuits are single, and a plurality of circuit protection plates are required to be arranged for achieving the purpose of a plurality of protection circuits, so that the battery is inconvenient to maintain and is relatively overstaffed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a protection circuit of a lithium iron phosphate battery, which can work for a period of time after a short circuit condition occurs, has a simple structure and is convenient to maintain, and an application method thereof.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems comprises the following steps:
a protection circuit for a lithium iron phosphate battery, comprising:
the control chip U1 comprises 24 pins, wherein the pin CTLC is connected with a standby, and the pin VDD is connected with a power supply VCC end;
the battery pack is formed by connecting 1-5 batteries in series, a B + interface is arranged at the positive electrode of the battery pack, a P-interface is arranged at the negative electrode of the battery pack, and the positive electrode of each battery is connected with pins VC 1-VC 5 of the control chip U1;
the balancing module comprises a plurality of balancing circuits corresponding to the battery, the balancing circuits are connected to two ends of the battery in parallel, each balancing circuit comprises an MOS (metal oxide semiconductor) transistor, and the base of each MOS transistor is connected with pins CB 1-CB 5 of the control chip U1;
the oscillating module comprises a plurality of oscillating circuits corresponding to the batteries, the oscillating circuits are RC oscillating circuits, the resistance of the RC oscillating circuits is connected in series with a path between the anode of each battery and the control chip U1, and the capacitance is connected in parallel with the resistance and two ends of each battery;
the switch module is connected in series on a path of the battery pack and consists of a MOS tube Q5, a MOS tube Q6, a diode D3 and a diode D4, wherein the MOS tube Q5 is connected with a drain electrode of the MOS tube Q6 to form a common drain electrode, the diode D3 is connected with a low-voltage end of the diode D4 to form a common low-voltage end, the common drain electrode is connected with the common low-voltage end and a pin SENS of the control chip U1, a base electrode of the MOS tube Q5 is connected with a pin COUT of the control chip U1, a base electrode of the MOS tube Q6 is connected with a pin DOUT of the control chip U1, a source electrode of the MOS tube Q6 and a high-voltage end of the diode D4 are connected in parallel with a negative electrode path of the battery pack, and a source electrode of the MOS tube Q5 and a high-voltage end of the diode D3 are connected in parallel with the P-interface;
the short circuit delay module comprises a triode Q9, the base electrode of the triode Q9 is connected with the common drain electrode, the source electrode of the triode Q9 is connected with a pin DOUT of the control chip U1, and the drain electrode of the triode Q9 is grounded;
the discharging lock module comprises an MOS tube Q7 and a resistor R21, wherein the base electrode of the MOS tube Q7 is connected with a pin DRAIN of the control chip U1, the DRAIN electrode of the MOS tube Q7 is grounded, the source electrode of the MOS tube Q7 is connected with one end of the resistor R21, and the other end of the resistor R21 is connected with the common DRAIN electrode.
The technical scheme of the invention also comprises:
an overcharge protection method applied to a lithium iron phosphate battery protection circuit comprises the following steps:
in the battery pack charging process, the control chip U1 monitors the voltages of the pin VC1 and the pin VC2, the pin VC2 and the pin VC3, the pin VC3 and the pin VC4, the pin VC4 and the pin VC5, and the pin VC5 and the pin VSS, and when any voltage exceeds an overcharge threshold value, the control chip U1 enables the external output of the pin COUT to be in a high impedance state;
the voltage of the base electrode of the MOS tube Q5 becomes low due to the high impedance state of the pin COUT, so that a path between the source electrode and the drain electrode of the MOS tube Q5 is disconnected, and the battery pack is cut off to be charged;
when the control chip U1 monitors that the voltages of the pin VC1 and the pin VC2, the pin VC2 and the pin VC3, the pin VC3 and the pin VC4, the pin VC4 and the pin VC5, and the pin VC5 and the pin VSS are all lower than the overcharge release threshold, the control chip U1 enables the pin COUT to output a high level state to the outside;
the voltage of the base of the MOS transistor Q5 is increased due to the high level state of the pin COUT, so that the path between the source and the drain of the MOS transistor Q5 is communicated, and the battery pack can be charged.
The technical scheme of the invention also comprises:
an overdischarge protection method applied to a lithium iron phosphate battery protection circuit comprises the following steps:
in the battery pack discharging process, the control chip U1 monitors the voltages of the pin VC1 and the pin VC2, the pin VC2 and the pin VC3, the pin VC3 and the pin VC4, the pin VC4 and the pin VC5, and the pin VC5 and the pin VSS, and when any voltage is lower than an overdischarge threshold value, the control chip U1 enables the pin DOUT to output a low level;
the base of the MOS transistor Q6 becomes low due to the low level voltage output by the pin DOUT, so that the path between the source and the drain of the MOS transistor Q6 is disconnected, and the discharge of the battery pack is forbidden;
when the control chip U1 monitors that the voltages of the pin VC1 and the pin VC2, the pin VC2 and the pin VC3, the pin VC3 and the pin VC4, the pin VC4 and the pin VC5, and the pin VC5 and the pin VSS are all higher than an overdischarge release threshold value, the control chip U1 enables the pin DOUT to output a high level;
the base of the MOS transistor Q6 becomes high due to the low level voltage output by the pin DOUT, and the path between the source and the drain of the MOS transistor Q6 is communicated, so that the battery pack recovers discharge.
The technical scheme of the invention also comprises:
a charging overcurrent protection method applied to a lithium iron phosphate battery protection circuit comprises the following steps:
when the battery pack is in a charging state, the control chip U1 monitors the voltage of the SENS pin, and then monitors the loop current;
when the current of the pin SENS exceeds an overcurrent threshold value, starting time delay judgment, and simultaneously starting alarming by an abnormity prompting module, wherein a light emitting diode LED1 is normally on;
if the SENS current is lower than the over-current threshold again within the delay time, the charging state is recovered, otherwise, the control chip U1 judges the charging over-current, the pin COUT of the control chip U1 outputs a high impedance state, the MOS tube Q5 is further closed, and the charging loop is cut off.
The technical scheme of the invention also comprises:
a short-circuit protection method applied to a lithium iron phosphate battery protection circuit comprises the following steps:
after the battery pack is connected to a load, the control chip U1 and the short circuit delay module simultaneously monitor the voltage of a pin SENS so as to monitor the loop current;
when the current of the pin SENS is slowly increased but does not exceed a short-circuit protection threshold value, the base current of a triode Q9 of the short-circuit delay module is slowly increased, a channel between a source level and a drain electrode is in unsaturated conduction, when the current of the pin SENS reaches or exceeds the short-circuit threshold value, a triode Q9 is in saturated conduction, a pin DOUT continuously drops due to the conduction voltage of the triode until a low level is output, the channel between the source level and the drain electrode of an MOS transistor Q6 is disconnected, in the stage, an abnormality prompting module displays an alarm signal, and a light-emitting diode LED1 is normally on;
when the current of the pin SENS is equal to or exceeds a short-circuit threshold value, the pin DRAIN of the control chip U1 outputs a high level, the discharge lock module is switched on, the resistor R21 is switched on, and shunting is carried out to prevent the battery from being burnt;
when the load of the battery pack is disconnected, a pin VMP of the control chip U1 detects the reduction of current due to the removal of the load, and when the current monitored by the pin VMP is lower than a short-circuit threshold value, the control chip U1 enables the pin DRAIN to output low level and closes the discharging lock module;
the current detected by the pin SENS will drop after the load is removed, and when the current is lower than the short-circuit threshold, the source-drain path of the MOS transistor Q6 is turned on.
The technical scheme of the invention also comprises:
a battery equalization method applied to a lithium iron phosphate battery protection circuit comprises the following steps:
in the charging process, when the voltage of a certain battery is higher than a battery equalization threshold value, pins CB 1-CB 5 of a control chip U1 output high levels corresponding to pins of the battery, and MOS (metal oxide semiconductor) tubes in corresponding equalization circuits are switched on;
the equalizing circuit is connected with the battery in parallel, and shunts the current transmitted to the battery, so that the charging current flowing into the battery is reduced, and the equalizing input of the battery is realized;
when the voltage of all the batteries is lower than the battery equalization removing threshold value, pins CB 1-CB 5 of the control chip U1 all output low levels, all equalization circuits are closed, and the battery is in a contact equalization state.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: all MOS (metal oxide semiconductor) tubes of the whole circuit are controlled by the control chip U1, the circuit condition is monitored in real time, and the control chip U1 is buckled with each other in a loop, so that the aim of integrating protection methods such as overcharge protection, overdischarge protection, discharge overcurrent or short circuit protection, charge overcurrent protection and the like in one circuit is fulfilled, and the circuit is simple in structure, convenient to use and easy to maintain; through the mutual cooperation of the short-circuit delay module and the discharge lock module, the electric energy can be continuously provided for the spark plug within a certain delay time under the condition that the automobile is short-circuited, so that the automobile has enough kinetic energy to run to a roadside or an emergency channel, and the traffic jam is avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a protection circuit according to the present invention;
the reference numbers in the figures have the following meanings:
the device comprises a battery pack 1, a balancing module 2, an oscillation module 3, a switch module 4, a short-circuit protection module 5, a discharge lock module 6, an extension module 7, a rectification module 8, a normal prompt module 9 and an exception prompt module 10.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
A protection circuit of a lithium iron phosphate battery according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown in fig. 1, and includes:
the control chip U1 comprises 24 pins, wherein the pin CTLC is connected with a standby, and the pin VDD is connected with a power supply VCC end; the control chip U1 used in this embodiment is an IC (R5432V 405 BA).
The battery pack 1 is formed by connecting 1-5 batteries in series, a B + interface is arranged at the positive electrode of the battery pack 1, a P-interface is arranged at the negative electrode of the battery pack, and the positive electrode of each battery is connected with pins VC 1-VC 5 of the control chip U1;
the balancing module 2 comprises a plurality of balancing circuits corresponding to the battery, the balancing circuits are connected to two ends of the battery in parallel, each balancing circuit comprises an MOS (metal oxide semiconductor) transistor, and the base of each MOS transistor is connected with pins CB 1-CB 5 of the control chip U1;
the oscillation module 3 comprises a plurality of oscillation circuits corresponding to the batteries, each oscillation circuit is an RC oscillation circuit, a resistor of the RC oscillation circuit is connected in series with a path between the anode of each battery and the control chip U1, and a capacitor of the RC oscillation circuit is connected in parallel with two ends of the resistor and the two ends of each battery;
the switch module 4 is connected in series on a path of the battery pack 1, the switch module 4 is composed of a MOS transistor Q5, a MOS transistor Q6, a diode D3 and a diode D4, the MOS transistor Q5 is connected with a drain of the MOS transistor Q6 to form a common drain, the diode D3 is connected with a low-voltage end of the diode D4 to form a common low-voltage end, the common drain is connected with the common low-voltage end and a pin SENS of the control chip U1, a base of the MOS transistor Q5 is connected with a pin COUT of the control chip U1, a base of the MOS transistor Q6 is connected with a pin DOUT of the control chip U1, a source of the MOS transistor Q6 and a high-voltage end of the diode D4 are connected in parallel to a negative electrode path of the battery pack 1, and a source of the MOS transistor Q5 and a high-voltage end of the diode D3 are connected in parallel to the P-interface;
the short-circuit protection module 5 comprises a triode Q9, the base electrode of the triode Q9 is connected with the common drain electrode, the source electrode of the triode Q9 is connected with a pin DOUT of the control chip U1, and the drain electrode of the triode Q9 is grounded;
the discharge lock module 6 comprises a MOS transistor Q7 and a resistor R21, wherein the base of the MOS transistor Q7 is connected with a pin DRAIN of the control chip U1, the DRAIN is grounded, the source is connected with one end of the resistor R21, and the other end of the resistor R21 is connected with the common DRAIN.
Specifically, the battery pack further comprises a rectifying module 8, wherein the rectifying module 8 is formed by connecting a diode D1 and a diode D2 in parallel and is connected to two ends of the battery pack 1.
Specifically, the delay circuit further comprises an external delay module 7, wherein the external delay module 7 is composed of a capacitor C5 and a capacitor C6, one end of the capacitor C5 is grounded, the other end of the capacitor C5 is connected with a pin CT1 of the control chip U1, and one end of the capacitor C6 is grounded, and the other end of the capacitor C6 is connected with a pin CT2 of the control chip U1.
Specifically, still include normal suggestion module 9, normal suggestion module 9 comprises MOS pipe Q8 and emitting diode LED2, emitting diode's low pressure end with MOS pipe Q8's drain electrode links to each other, the high-pressure end with the positive pole of group battery 1 links to each other, MOS pipe Q8's source grade with MOS pipe Q5's source grade links to each other, MOS pipe Q8's base with MOS pipe Q7's drain electrode links to each other. In normal operation, the LED2 is normally on.
Specifically, the portable emergency power supply further comprises an abnormality prompting module 10, wherein the abnormality prompting module 10 comprises a light emitting diode LED1, the low-voltage end of the light emitting diode LED1 is connected with the negative electrode of the battery pack 1, and the high-voltage end of the light emitting diode LED1 is connected with a pin SENS of the control chip U1. When wiring problems occur, the LED1 is always on, but is not bright.
The intelligent detection and protection functions of the lithium iron phosphate battery are realized by adopting a high-voltage-resistant CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) process through a control chip U1, and the charging current and the output voltage are accurately controlled by applying the control chip U1 and a pulse width modulation technology, so that the functions of overcharge protection, overdischarge protection, charging overcurrent protection, discharging overcurrent and short circuit protection, battery equalization protection and the like are realized.
An overcharge protection method applied to a lithium iron phosphate battery protection circuit comprises the following steps:
in the charging process of the battery pack 1, the control chip U1 monitors the voltages of the pin VC1 and the pin VC2, the pin VC2 and the pin VC3, the pin VC3 and the pin VC4, the pin VC4 and the pin VC5, and the pin VC5 and the pin VSS, and when any one of the voltages exceeds an overcharge threshold, the control chip U1 changes the external output of the pin COUT into a high impedance state;
the voltage of the base electrode of the MOS tube Q5 becomes low due to the high impedance state of the pin COUT, so that a path between the source electrode and the drain electrode of the MOS tube Q5 is disconnected, and the battery pack 1 is cut off to be charged;
when the control chip U1 monitors that the voltages of the pin VC1 and the pin VC2, the pin VC2 and the pin VC3, the pin VC3 and the pin VC4, the pin VC4 and the pin VC5, and the pin VC5 and the pin VSS are all lower than an overcharge release threshold, the control chip U1 enables the pin COUT to output a high level state to the outside;
the voltage of the base of the MOS transistor Q5 increases due to the high level state of the pin COUT, so that the path between the source and the drain of the MOS transistor Q5 is communicated, and the battery pack 1 can be charged.
Overcharge protection action: when the battery pack 1 is charged, the U1 monitors a voltage between the pin VC1 and the pin VC2 (a voltage of CELL 1), a voltage between the pin VC2 and the pin VC3 (a voltage of CELL 2), a voltage between the pin VC3 and the pin VC4 (a voltage of CELL 3), a voltage between the pin VC4 and the pin VC5 (a voltage of CELL 4), and a voltage between the pin VC5 and the pin VSS (a voltage of CELL 5). When any one of the cell voltages exceeds the overcharge threshold, U1 assumes that an overcharge condition is detected and protects: the charge N-channel MOSFET Q5 is turned off by making the COUT pin output a high resistance state (pull-down resistor externally connected to the COUT pin), and the charging is stopped.
When the voltage of all the batteries monitored by the U1 is lower than the overcharge release threshold, the COUT pin jumps back to high level, and charging can be carried out. Since the overcharge detector has hysteresis, the overcharge release threshold is always slightly lower than the overcharge threshold.
Overcharge detection and release delay: the overcharge detection delay time and the overcharge release delay time are both U1 built-in delay times. When detecting an overcharge state, if any battery voltage is higher than an overcharge threshold value and the duration of the state exceeds an overcharge detection delay, the overcharge state is considered to occur, and U1 implements overcharge protection; conversely, even if the voltages of all the cells are higher than the overcharge threshold, if none of the cells can continue in this state for a period exceeding the overcharge detection delay time, U1 does not implement overcharge protection. Similarly, after the overcharge protection is performed, even if the voltages of all the batteries are lower than the overcharge release threshold, if the voltage of one battery returns to the level above the overcharge release threshold within the overcharge release delay, U1 does not release the overcharge protection.
An overdischarge protection method applied to a lithium iron phosphate battery protection circuit comprises the following steps:
in the discharging process of the battery pack 1, the control chip U1 monitors the voltages of the pin VC1 and the pin VC2, the pin VC2 and the pin VC3, the pin VC3 and the pin VC4, the pin VC4 and the pin VC5, and the pin VC5 and the pin VSS, and when any voltage is lower than an overdischarge threshold value, the control chip U1 enables the pin DOUT to output a low level;
the base of the MOS transistor Q6 becomes low due to the low level voltage output by the pin DOUT, so that the path between the source and the drain of the MOS transistor Q6 is disconnected, and the discharge of the battery pack 1 is forbidden;
when the control chip U1 monitors that the voltages of the pin VC1 and the pin VC2, the pin VC2 and the pin VC3, the pin VC3 and the pin VC4, the pin VC4 and the pin VC5, and the pin VC5 and the pin VSS are all higher than an overdischarge release threshold value, the control chip U1 enables the pin DOUT to output a high level;
the base of the MOS transistor Q6 becomes high due to the low level voltage output from the pin DOUT, and the path between the source and the drain of the MOS transistor Q6 is connected, so that the discharge of the battery pack 1 is resumed.
Over-discharge protection action: when the battery pack 1 is discharged, the U1 monitors the voltage between the pin VC1 and the pin VC2 (the voltage of CELL 1), the voltage between the pin VC2 and the pin VC3 (the voltage of CELL 2), the voltage between the pin VC3 and the pin VC4 (the voltage of CELL 3), the voltage between the pin VC4 and the pin VC5 (the voltage of CELL 4), and the voltage between the pin VC5 and the pin VSS (the voltage of CELL 5). When any one of the battery voltages is lower than the overdischarge threshold, U1 considers that the overdischarge state is detected and implements protection: the discharging is stopped by turning off the discharging N-channel MOSFET Q6 by making the DOUT pin output a low level.
Conditions for relief of over-discharge protection: when the voltage of all the batteries monitored by the U1 is higher than the overdischarge release threshold, the DOUT pin jumps back to the high level, and the overdischarge protection is released. The over-discharge detector has hysteresis.
The overdischarge detection delay is set by an external capacitor C5 of the CT1 pin. When detecting an overdischarge state, it is considered that the overdischarge state has occurred as long as any one of the cell voltages is below an overdischarge threshold and the duration of such a state exceeds an overdischarge detection delay time; on the contrary, even if the voltages of all the batteries are lower than the overdischarge threshold value, if none of the batteries can continue this state for more than the overdischarge detection delay time period, the U1 does not implement the overdischarge protection. Unlike the overdischarge detection delay, the overdischarge release delay is a U1 built-in delay.
After the over-discharge protection is performed, U1 can stop the operation of unnecessary internal circuits to reduce its own current consumption as much as possible.
A charging overcurrent protection method applied to a lithium iron phosphate battery protection circuit comprises the following steps:
when the battery pack 1 is in a charging state, the control chip U1 monitors the voltage of the pin SENS, and then monitors the loop current;
when the current of the pin SENS exceeds an overcurrent threshold value, starting time delay judgment, and simultaneously starting alarming by the abnormity prompting module 10, wherein the light emitting diode LED1 is normally on;
if the SENS current is lower than the over-current threshold again within the delay time, the charging state is recovered, otherwise, the control chip U1 judges the charging over-current, the pin COUT of the control chip U1 outputs a high impedance state, the MOS tube Q5 is further closed, and the charging loop is cut off.
Charging overcurrent protection action: u1 monitors the loop charging current by sensing the voltage at the SENS port. When the battery pack 1 is in a normal operating state (both charging and discharging), the battery pack 1 is connected to a charger. When the charger is abnormal to cause excessive charging current, if the SENS port current is higher than the overcurrent threshold, U1 considers that a charging overcurrent state occurs and implements corresponding protection actions: by enabling the COUT pin to output a high-resistance state (a pull-down resistor is externally connected to the COUT pin), the charging N-channel MOSFET Q5 is turned off, and a large-current charging loop is cut off.
Charging overcurrent detection delay: the charging overcurrent detection delay is a U1 built-in delay. If the SENS port current is above the overcurrent threshold but the duration of this condition does not exceed the duration of the charge overcurrent detection delay, i.e., the SENS port current is below the overcurrent threshold during the charge overcurrent detection delay, then U1 assumes that the charge overcurrent condition has not occurred and does not activate charge overcurrent protection. The charging overcurrent release delay is also a U1 built-in delay.
Condition for releasing charge overcurrent protection: the charger is removed and the load is connected, and the charging overcurrent protection can be released after the VMP port voltage is lower than the overcurrent threshold for a release delay.
A short-circuit protection method applied to a lithium iron phosphate battery protection circuit comprises the following steps:
after the battery pack 1 is connected to a load, the control chip U1 and the short-circuit protection module 5 simultaneously monitor the voltage of a pin SENS, and then the loop current is monitored;
when the current of the pin SENS is slowly increased but does not exceed the short-circuit protection threshold value, the base current of a triode Q9 of the short-circuit protection module 5 is slowly increased, a channel between a source level and a drain electrode is in unsaturated conduction, when the current of the pin SENS reaches or exceeds the short-circuit threshold value, a triode Q9 is in saturated conduction, a pin DOUT continuously drops due to the conduction voltage of the triode until a low level is output, the channel between the source level and the drain electrode of an MOS transistor Q6 is disconnected, in this stage, the abnormity prompting module 10 displays an alarm signal, and the LED1 is normally on;
when the current of the pin SENS is equal to or exceeds the short-circuit threshold value, the pin DRAIN of the control chip U1 outputs a high level, the discharging lock module 6 is switched on, the resistor R21 is switched on, shunting is carried out, and the battery is prevented from being burnt;
when the load of the battery pack 1 is disconnected, a pin VMP of the control chip U1 detects a decrease in current due to the removal of the load, and when the current monitored by the pin VMP is lower than a short-circuit threshold, the control chip U1 enables the pin DRAIN to output a low level, and the discharging lock module 6 is turned off;
the current detected by the pin SENS will drop after the load is removed, and when the current is lower than the short-circuit threshold, the source-drain path of the MOS transistor Q6 is turned on.
The U1 monitors the loop charging and discharging current by sensing the SENS port voltage and loads the battery pack 1 when the battery pack 1 is in a normal operating state (both charging and discharging). When the load is in an abnormal condition such as short circuit: if the SENS port current starts to rise but is lower than the short-circuit protection threshold value, the base current of a triode Q9 of the short-circuit protection module 5 is slowly raised, and the source and drain paths are not saturated and conducted; if the SENS port current is equal to or higher than the short-circuit protection threshold, the source-drain path of transistor Q9 of short-circuit protection module 5 is saturated. The protection actions are as follows: the voltage at the DOUT port changes to low level, the external discharge N-channel MOSFET Q6 is closed, and the large-current discharge loop is cut off.
The short circuit protection detection delay is set by an external capacitor C6 at the port of CT 2. If the SENS port current is below the short-circuit protection threshold but is relatively large, but the duration of this condition does not exceed the duration of the short-circuit protection detection delay, i.e., the SENS port voltage is again below the discharge overcurrent detection voltage during the discharge overcurrent detection delay, then U1 assumes that a discharge overcurrent condition has not occurred and does not initiate discharge overcurrent protection.
Conditions for releasing the discharge lock: the discharge lock module 6 is externally arranged and comprises a MOS transistor Q7 and an overcurrent release resistor R21. The MOS transistor Q7 is driven by the DRAIN port of U1, and the resistor R21 is connected between the DRAIN of the MOS transistor Q7 and the common DRAIN of the switch module 4. After the overcurrent discharge protection or the short-circuit protection is performed, the DRAIN port drives the MOS transistor Q7 to be turned on, the latch discharge module 6 is turned on, and one end of the resistor R21 for overcurrent release is connected to the VSS potential. Protection releasing action: after the abnormal load causing the discharging overcurrent/short circuit is removed, the VMP port level is pulled down through the resistor R21 in the discharging lock module 6, and after a delay when the VMP port current is lower than the short circuit threshold, the discharging overcurrent/short circuit protection is automatically released. After the protection is released, the DRAIN port drives the MOS transistor Q7 in the discharge lock module 6 to close, thereby closing the discharge lock module 6.
A battery equalization method applied to a lithium iron phosphate battery protection circuit comprises the following steps:
in the charging process, when the voltage of a certain battery is higher than a battery equalization threshold value, pins CB 1-CB 5 of a control chip U1 output high levels corresponding to pins of the battery, and MOS (metal oxide semiconductor) tubes in corresponding equalization circuits are switched on;
the equalizing circuit is connected with the battery in parallel, and shunts the current transmitted to the battery, so that the charging current flowing into the battery is reduced, and the equalizing input of the battery is realized;
when the voltage of all the batteries is lower than the battery equalization removing threshold value, pins CB 1-CB 5 of the control chip U1 all output low levels, all equalization circuits are closed, and the battery is in a contact equalization state.
During charging, when the battery voltage is higher than the battery equalization threshold VC BD n (n =1, 2, 3, 4, 5), U1 activates the battery equalization function. The specific actions of the function are: the CBn port corresponding to the battery with the voltage exceeding the battery equalization threshold VC BD N (N =1, 2, 3, 4, 5) outputs high level, an N-channel MOS (metal oxide semiconductor) tube on an external corresponding equalization branch is opened, and an equalization circuit is connected with the battery in parallel, so that the effect of shunting the charging current can be achieved, and the charging current flowing into the battery is reduced. When the battery voltage is lower than a battery equalization release threshold VC BR n (n =1, 2, 3, 4, 5), the corresponding CBn port outputs a low level, the corresponding equalization branch is cut off, and the battery equalization function is released.
The lithium iron phosphate battery has the technical characteristics that:
the battery passes through control chip U1 and realizes intellectual detection system and protect function, prevents to appear charging unsaturated, the excessive scheduling problem of charging excessive pressure, discharge in the battery use, greatly improves battery durability and security.
The specific parameters of the invention are as follows:
Figure 235684DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
the foregoing is a more detailed description of the invention in connection with specific preferred embodiments and it is not intended that the invention be limited to these specific details. For those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and all shall be considered as belonging to the protection scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. A protection circuit for a lithium iron phosphate battery, comprising:
the control chip U1 comprises 24 pins, wherein the pin CTLC is connected with a standby, and the pin VDD is connected with a power supply VCC end;
the battery pack (1) is formed by connecting 1-5 batteries in series, a B + interface is arranged at the positive electrode of the battery pack (1), a P-interface is arranged at the negative electrode of the battery pack, and the positive electrode of each battery is connected with pins VC 1-VC 5 of the control chip U1;
the balancing module (2) comprises a plurality of balancing circuits corresponding to the battery, the balancing circuits are connected to two ends of the battery in parallel, each balancing circuit comprises an MOS (metal oxide semiconductor) transistor, and the base of each MOS transistor is connected with pins CB 1-CB 5 of the control chip U1;
the oscillation module (3) comprises a plurality of oscillation circuits corresponding to the batteries, the oscillation circuits are RC oscillation circuits, the resistance of the RC oscillation circuits is connected in series with the path of the anode of each battery and the control chip U1, and the capacitance is connected in parallel with the resistance and two ends of each battery;
the switch module (4) is connected in series on a path of the battery pack (1), the switch module (4) is composed of a MOS tube Q5, a MOS tube Q6, a diode D3 and a diode D4, the MOS tube Q5 is connected with a drain electrode of the MOS tube Q6 to form a common drain electrode, the diode D3 is connected with a low-voltage end of the diode D4 to form a common low-voltage end, the common drain electrode is connected with the common low-voltage end and a SENS pin of the control chip U1, a base electrode of the MOS tube Q5 is connected with a COUT pin of the control chip U1, a base electrode of the MOS tube Q6 is connected with a DOUT pin of the control chip U1, a source stage of the MOS tube Q6 and a high-voltage end of the diode D4 are connected in parallel with a negative electrode path of the battery pack (1), and a source stage of the MOS tube Q5 and a high-voltage end of the diode D3 are connected in parallel with the P-interface;
the short-circuit protection module (5) comprises a triode Q9, the base electrode of the triode Q9 is connected with the common drain electrode, the source electrode of the triode Q9 is connected with a pin DOUT of the control chip U1, and the drain electrode of the triode Q9 is grounded;
and the discharge lock module (6) comprises an MOS tube Q7 and a resistor R21, wherein the base electrode of the MOS tube Q7 is connected with the pin DRAIN of the control chip U1, the DRAIN electrode of the MOS tube Q7 is grounded, the source electrode of the MOS tube Q7 is connected with one end of the resistor R21, and the other end of the resistor R21 is connected with the common DRAIN electrode.
2. The protection circuit of claim 1, wherein: the battery pack is characterized by further comprising a rectifying module (8), wherein the rectifying module (8) is formed by connecting a diode D1 and a diode D2 in parallel and is connected to two ends of the battery pack (1).
3. The protection circuit of claim 1, wherein: the delay circuit further comprises an outer delay module (7), wherein the outer delay module (7) is composed of a capacitor C5 and a capacitor C6, one end of the capacitor C5 is grounded, the other end of the capacitor C5 is connected with a pin CT1 of the control chip U1, and one end of the capacitor C6 is grounded, and the other end of the capacitor C6 is connected with a pin CT2 of the control chip U1.
4. The protection circuit of claim 1, wherein: still include normal suggestion module (9), normal suggestion module 9 comprises MOS pipe Q8 and emitting diode LED2, emitting diode's low voltage end with MOS pipe Q8's drain electrode links to each other, the high-pressure side with the positive pole of group battery (1) links to each other, MOS pipe Q8's source grade with MOS pipe Q5's source grade links to each other, MOS pipe Q8's base with MOS pipe Q7's drain electrode links to each other.
5. The protection circuit of claim 1, wherein: the battery pack is characterized by further comprising an abnormity prompting module (10), wherein the abnormity prompting module (10) comprises a Light Emitting Diode (LED) 1, the low-voltage end of the Light Emitting Diode (LED) 1 is connected with the negative electrode of the battery pack (1), and the high-voltage end of the light emitting diode is connected with a pin SENS of the control chip U1.
6. An overcharge protection method applied to the protection circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
in the charging process of the battery pack (1), the control chip U1 monitors the voltages of the pin VC1 and the pin VC2, the pin VC2 and the pin VC3, the pin VC3 and the pin VC4, the pin VC4 and the pin VC5, and the pin VC5 and the pin VSS, and when any voltage exceeds an overcharge threshold, the control chip U1 enables the external output of the pin COUT to be in a high-impedance state;
the voltage of the base electrode of the MOS tube Q5 is lowered due to the high impedance state of the pin COUT, so that a path between the source electrode and the drain electrode of the MOS tube Q5 is disconnected, and the battery pack (1) is cut off to be charged;
when the control chip U1 monitors that the voltages of the pin VC1 and the pin VC2, the pin VC2 and the pin VC3, the pin VC3 and the pin VC4, the pin VC4 and the pin VC5, and the pin VC5 and the pin VSS are all lower than the overcharge release threshold, the control chip U1 enables the pin COUT to output a high level state to the outside;
the voltage of the base electrode of the MOS tube Q5 is increased due to the high level state of the pin COUT, so that the path between the source electrode and the drain electrode of the MOS tube Q5 is communicated, and the battery pack (1) can be charged.
7. An overdischarge protection method applied to the protection circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
in the discharging process of the battery pack (1), the control chip U1 monitors the voltages of the pin VC1 and the pin VC2, the pin VC2 and the pin VC3, the pin VC3 and the pin VC4, the pin VC4 and the pin VC5, and the pin VC5 and the pin VSS, and when any voltage is lower than an overdischarge threshold value, the control chip U1 enables the pin DOUT to output a low level;
the base electrode of the MOS tube Q6 becomes low due to the low level voltage output by the pin DOUT, so that the path between the source electrode and the drain electrode of the MOS tube Q6 is disconnected, and the discharge of the battery pack (1) is forbidden;
when the control chip U1 monitors that the voltages of the pin VC1 and the pin VC2, the pin VC2 and the pin VC3, the pin VC3 and the pin VC4, the pin VC4 and the pin VC5, and the pin VC5 and the pin VSS are all higher than an overdischarge release threshold value, the control chip U1 enables the pin DOUT to output a high level;
the base of the MOS tube Q6 becomes high due to the low level voltage output by the pin DOUT, so that the path between the source and the drain of the MOS tube Q6 is communicated, and the battery pack (1) recovers discharge.
8. A charging overcurrent protection method applied to the protection circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
when the battery pack (1) is in a charging state, the control chip U1 monitors the voltage of a SENS pin, and then monitors the loop current;
when the current of the pin SENS exceeds an overcurrent threshold value, starting time delay judgment, simultaneously starting an alarm by an abnormity prompting module (10), and normally lighting a light-emitting diode LED 1;
if the SENS current is lower than the overcurrent threshold again within the delay time, the charging state is recovered, otherwise, the control chip U1 determines the charging overcurrent, so that the pin COUT of the control chip U1 outputs a high-impedance state, the MOS transistor Q5 is further closed, and the charging loop is cut off.
9. A short-circuit protection method applied to the protection circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
after the battery pack (1) is connected to a load, the control chip U1 and the short-circuit protection module (5) simultaneously monitor the voltage of a pin SENS, and then the loop current is monitored;
when the current of the pin SENS is slowly increased but does not exceed a short-circuit protection threshold value, the base current of a triode Q9 of the short-circuit protection module (5) is slowly increased, a source level and a drain electrode channel are not saturated and conducted, when the current of the pin SENS reaches or exceeds the short-circuit threshold value, a triode Q9 is saturated and conducted, a pin DOUT continuously drops due to the conducting voltage of the triode until a low level is output, the source level and the drain electrode channel of an MOS transistor Q6 are disconnected, in the stage, an abnormality prompting module (10) displays an alarm signal, and a light-emitting diode LED1 is normally on;
when the current of the pin SENS is equal to or exceeds a short-circuit threshold value, the pin DRAIN of the control chip U1 outputs a high level, the discharge lock module (6) is switched on, the resistor R21 is switched on, and shunting is performed to prevent the battery from being burnt;
when the load of the battery pack (1) is disconnected, a pin VMP of the control chip U1 detects the reduction of current due to the removal of the load, and when the current monitored by the pin VMP is lower than a short-circuit threshold value, the control chip U1 enables the pin DRAIN to output low level and closes the discharge lock module (6);
the current detected by the pin SENS will drop after the load is removed, and when the current is lower than the short-circuit threshold, the source-drain path of the MOS transistor Q6 is turned on.
10. A battery equalization method applied to the protection circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by comprising the steps of:
in the charging process, when the voltage of a certain battery is higher than a battery equalization threshold value, pins CB 1-CB 5 of a control chip U1 output high levels corresponding to pins of the battery, and MOS (metal oxide semiconductor) tubes in corresponding equalization circuits are switched on;
the equalizing circuit is connected with the battery in parallel, and shunts the current transmitted to the battery, so that the charging current flowing into the battery is reduced, and the equalizing input of the battery is realized;
when the voltage of all the batteries is lower than the battery equalization removing threshold value, pins CB 1-CB 5 of the control chip U1 all output low levels, all equalization circuits are closed, and the battery is in a contact equalization state.
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