CN107158980B - Thin-layer composite membrane based on gas/liquid interface reaction and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Thin-layer composite membrane based on gas/liquid interface reaction and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D71/06—Organic material
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- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0002—Organic membrane manufacture
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/02—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/10—Supported membranes; Membrane supports
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01D69/12—Composite membranes; Ultra-thin membranes
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a thin-layer composite membrane based on gas/liquid interfacial reaction, which comprises the following steps: (1) floating a hydrophobic polymer porous base membrane on the surface of the deposition solution, reacting for 0.1-12 hours at the temperature of 10-90 ℃, and forming a film structure on the polymer porous base membrane at the gas/liquid interface; the deposition solution is a solution of polyphenol monomers and polyamine monomers with the pH value of 6-10; (2) and (2) placing the polymer porous base membrane reacted in the step (1) into a cross-linking agent solution for cross-linking reaction, and cross-linking a film structure on the polymer porous base membrane into a selective functional skin layer to obtain the thin-layer composite membrane based on the gas/liquid interface reaction. The preparation method has strong controllability. The invention also discloses a thin-layer composite membrane prepared by the preparation method, and the thin-layer composite membrane can be applied to nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, forward osmosis or pervaporation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of membrane separation, in particular to a thin-layer composite membrane based on gas/liquid interface reaction and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The thin-layer composite membrane is a separation membrane material formed by compounding a porous supporting layer and a compact separation thin layer, has the advantages of high pressure resistance, high flux, high selectivity and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of nanofiltration, forward/reverse osmosis, pervaporation and the like. At present, the method for preparing the thin-layer composite membrane mainly comprises interface polymerization, layer-by-layer self-assembly, surface coating, chemical vapor deposition and the like.
For example, chinese patent publication No. CN105498547A discloses a method for preparing a hollow fiber composite nanofiltration membrane, in which carbon nanotubes and other fillers are added into interfacial polymerization reaction, so as to be embedded in a separation layer of the nanofiltration membrane, thereby improving the performance of the nanofiltration membrane.
Chinese patent publication No. CN106268322A discloses a layer-by-layer self-assembled graphene oxide/quaternized chitosan positively-charged composite nanofiltration membrane and a preparation method thereof, wherein charge assembly is performed on the surface of a polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membrane by using the graphene oxide and quaternized chitosan with charges that are opposite to each other. The thin-layer composite nanofiltration membrane with different charges on the surface is prepared.
Chinese patent with publication number CN106310977A discloses tannin and Fe3+Method for preparing composite nanofiltration membrane by co-coating, immersing ultrafiltration membrane into tannic acid and Fe3+The inner species of the aqueous phase solution is utilized to form a compact network structure on the surface of the ultrafiltration membrane by utilizing the coordination of the inner species and the aqueous phase solution, thereby preparing the tannic acid and the Fe3+And coating the cross-linked composite nanofiltration membrane.
Chinese patent publication No. CN103212305A discloses a method for preparing a directional carbon nanotube nanofiltration membrane, which comprises growing a vertically arranged carbon nanotube array by chemical vapor deposition, clamping the carbon nanotube array between two flat plates, applying pressure, and pushing the two flat plates in horizontally opposite directions to obtain a horizontally directionally arranged carbon nanotube film; immersing in liquid solvent, taking out after 5-30 minutes; standing for 2-24 hours under natural ventilation condition, and stripping from the surface of the flat plate after the solvent is completely evaporated to obtain the oriented carbon nanotube film in horizontal dense arrangement; and (3) taking uniform pores among the carbon nano tubes as filtering pore channels of gas and liquid molecules to obtain the oriented carbon nano tube nanofiltration membrane.
In the reported methods for preparing thin-layer composite membranes, the interface (including liquid/solid, gas/solid, liquid/liquid) is critical in the formation of the thin film. If the interfacial polymer occurs at the oil-water/liquid interface, the layer-by-layer assembly and surface coating need to be performed at the solid/liquid interface, and the chemical vapor deposition method occurs at the gas/solid interface. At present, no method for preparing a high-performance thin film composite membrane by utilizing a gas/liquid interface exists.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a thin-layer composite membrane based on gas/liquid interfacial reaction, a preparation method and application thereof.
A preparation method of a thin-layer composite membrane based on gas/liquid interface reaction comprises the following steps:
(1) floating a hydrophobic polymer porous base membrane on the surface of the deposition solution, reacting for 0.1-12 hours at the temperature of 10-90 ℃, and forming a film structure on the polymer porous base membrane at the gas/liquid interface;
the deposition solution is a solution of polyphenol monomers and polyamine monomers with the pH value of 6-10;
the polyphenol monomer is at least one of dopamine, dopa, catechol, norepinephrine, pyrogallol, tannic acid and tea polyphenol;
the polyamine monomer is at least one of polyethyleneimine, polyallylamine hydrochloride, chitosan, diethylenetriamine, triethylene tetramine, triethylamine, piperazine, m-phenylenediamine and p-phenylenediamine;
(2) and (2) placing the polymer porous base membrane reacted in the step (1) into a cross-linking agent solution for cross-linking reaction, and cross-linking a film structure on the polymer porous base membrane into a selective functional skin layer to obtain the thin-layer composite membrane based on the gas/liquid interface reaction.
In the step (1), the hydrophobic polymer porous basement membrane floats on the surface of the polyphenol/polyamine solution, oxygen diffuses downwards through a gas/liquid interface, polyphenol in the solution is oxidized to form a quinoid, and then Michael addition or Schiff base reaction is carried out on the quinoid and the polyamine. On the one hand, the oxygen has higher concentration at the gas/liquid interface and higher reaction degree at the gas/liquid interface; on the other hand, the polyphenol/polyamine complex formed in the reaction is amphiphilic and tends to migrate and aggregate toward the gas/liquid interface. Subsequently, the polyphenol/polyamine complex further reacts at the gas/liquid interface to form a cross-linked film structure at the gas/liquid interface of the polymeric porous base film. In order to improve the compactness of the film structure, the step (2) is further reacted with polyphenol or polyamine residual groups through a cross-linking agent, and a compact selective functional skin layer is formed through cross-linking, so that the thin-layer composite film based on the gas/liquid interface reaction is obtained.
In the step (1):
preferably, the hydrophobic polymer porous base membrane floats on the surface of the deposition solution and reacts for 1-2 hours at the temperature of 40-60 ℃. Although the reaction rate increases with an increase in temperature, the amount of dissolved oxygen in the liquid at high temperature is insufficient, and oxidation of phenol is suppressed. Too short reaction time cannot ensure that the formed thin film structure is compact and free of defects, and longer reaction time can cause the thin film structure to be thickened, so that the flux of the finally prepared thin-layer composite film is obviously reduced.
Preferably, the concentration of polyphenol monomer and polyamine monomer in the deposition solution is 1 g/L-10 g/L; more preferably, the concentration of the polyphenol monomer and the polyamine monomer is 2g/L to 4 g/L.
In the deposition solution, the mass ratio of the polyphenol monomer to the polyamine monomer also has an important influence on the performance of the thin-layer composite membrane, and preferably, in the deposition solution, the mass ratio of the polyphenol monomer to the polyamine monomer is 1: 0.25-4. When the polyphenol proportion is increased, the formed film is mainly composed of aggregates formed by the self-oxidation of polyphenol, so that the film becomes brittle and the mechanical property is reduced; while an increase in the proportion of polyamines inhibits the film-forming process.
Further preferably, the mass ratio of the polyphenol monomer to the polyamine monomer is 1: 0.5-1.
The types of polyphenol monomers and polyamine monomers also have certain influence on the performance of the thin-layer composite membrane, preferably, in the deposition solution, the polyphenol monomers are dopamine and/or o-phenylenediamine, and the polyamine monomers are polyethyleneimine;
the concentration of polyphenol monomer and polyamine monomer is 2 g/L-4 g/L;
the mass ratio of the polyphenol monomer to the polyamine monomer is 1: 0.5-1.
The thin-layer composite membrane prepared by the deposition system has moderate thickness, better performance, better interception efficiency and higher water flux.
More preferably, the weight average molecular weight of the polyethyleneimine is 600-10000 Da.
The pH value of the deposition solution is kept within the range of 6-10, preferably 8-10, and the deposition solution is formed by dissolving polyphenol monomers and polyamine monomers in phosphate bufferWashing solution, Tris buffer solution, carbonate buffer solution, NaOH solution, KOH solution or Na2CO3And (3) preparing a solution.
The selection of the hydrophobic polymer porous base membrane has no significant effect on the rejection performance of the thin-layer composite membrane, since the rejection performance of the thin-layer composite membrane is mainly determined by its selective functional skin. However, the kind and pore size of the base membrane have a significant influence on the water flux of the composite membrane, because the pore size and pore structure of the base membrane hinder water from passing through the composite membrane differently.
Preferably, the polymer porous base membrane is a microfiltration membrane or an ultrafiltration membrane of polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethersulfone, polysulfone or polyvinyl chloride. The composite nanofiltration membrane prepared by adopting the polymer porous base membrane with the structure has higher water flux and better interception effect.
In the step (2):
preferably, the cross-linking agent is glutaraldehyde and/or trimesoyl chloride.
Preferably, the concentration of the cross-linking agent solution is 1-10 wt%, the cross-linking reaction temperature is 20-80 ℃, and the cross-linking reaction time is 10-120 minutes.
The invention also provides a thin-layer composite membrane based on gas/liquid interface reaction prepared by the preparation method; the thin-layer composite membrane can be applied to the fields of nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, forward osmosis or pervaporation and the like.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) compared with an interface polymerization method mainly adopted in the industry, the preparation method can select a hydrophobic and macroporous microfiltration membrane as a supporting base membrane, effectively improves the application range of the thin film composite membrane, and is beneficial to the improvement of membrane flux;
(2) the preparation method is simple and has strong controllability;
(3) the surface of the prepared thin-layer composite membrane is charged with strong positive electricity, the preparation method of the current positively-charged composite membrane is less, and the preparation method is a beneficial supplement for the field.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a production process of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the principle of the production method of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a cross-sectional profile (SEM) of the thin composite film prepared in example 1.
Detailed Description
As shown in figure 1, the preparation method of the invention comprises the steps of firstly preparing polyphenol/polyamine solution according to a certain proportion and floating a hydrophobic basement membrane on the surface of the solution. After reacting for a plurality of times, placing the base membrane in glutaraldehyde aqueous solution for crosslinking for a plurality of times to obtain the thin-layer composite membrane.
The reaction mechanism is shown in figure 2, oxygen diffuses downwards through a gas/liquid interface, polyphenol in the solution is oxidized to form a quinoid, and then Michael addition or Schiff base reaction is carried out on the quinoid and polyamine, and a polyphenol/polyamine compound further reacts at the gas/liquid interface to form a cross-linked film structure at the gas/liquid interface of the polymer porous basement membrane; the thin-layer composite membrane is obtained by forming a compact selective functional skin layer by crosslinking the thin-layer structure.
The thin-layer composite membrane prepared by the method is used for desalting, and the desalting rate and the water flux are two important parameters for evaluating the performance of the composite membrane. Wherein the salt rejection is defined as:
wherein Cf represents the concentration of salt ions in the water before treatment; cpIndicates the concentration of salt ions in the solution after the treatment. The water flux is defined as: the volume of water per membrane area per unit time, given a certain operating pressure, is in Lm-2h-1The formula is as follows:
wherein V represents the volume of the permeated solution and has a unit of L; a represents the effective membrane area in m2(ii) a t represents time in units of h.
Example 1
Dopamine and polyethyleneimine (weight average molecular weight of 600) are selected as polyphenol and polyamine monomers, and the dopamine and the polyethyleneimine are dissolved in a Tris-HCl buffer solution according to the mass concentration ratio of 4: 1, wherein the concentrations of the dopamine and the polyethyleneimine are respectively 2g/L and 0.5 g/L.
Floating the polyvinylidene fluoride microporous membrane on the surface of the deposition solution, and depositing for 4 hours at the temperature of 20 ℃.
Finally, the prepared film was placed in a 10% glutaraldehyde solution and crosslinked at 70 ℃ for 2 hours.
And finally, washing with water and drying to obtain the thin-layer composite membrane.
The cross-sectional morphology (SEM) of the prepared thin-layer composite membrane is shown in figure 1, and the thickness of the selective functional skin layer on the base membrane is about 60 nm. The water flux is 53.3Lm-2h-1The salt rejection of magnesium chloride was 95.1%.
Examples 2 to 4
The polyvinylidene fluoride microporous membrane is replaced by polypropylene, polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride microfiltration membranes respectively, and the other conditions are the same as those in the example 1.
Examples 5 to 7
The chosen weight average molecular weights of the polyethyleneimines were 1200Da, 1800Da and 10000Da, respectively, and the rest of the conditions were the same as in example 1.
Examples 8 to 13
Dopamine was replaced with dopa, catechol, norepinephrine, pyrogallol, tannic acid, tea polyphenol, respectively, and the other conditions were the same as in example 1.
Examples 14 to 21
The polyethyleneimine is replaced by chitosan, polyallylamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, triethylamine, piperazine, m-phenylenediamine and p-phenylenediamine, respectively, and the other conditions are the same as in example 1.
Examples 22 to 25
Dopamine and polyethyleneimine (with the weight-average molecular weight of 600) are selected as phenolic monomers and amine monomers, and the dopamine and the polyethyleneimine are dissolved in a Tris-HCl buffer solution according to the mass concentration ratio of 2: 1, 1: 2 and 1: 4, wherein the concentration of the dopamine is 2g/L, and the concentration of the polyethyleneimine is 1g/L, 2g/L, 4g/L and 8g/L respectively. The other conditions were the same as in example 1.
Examples 26 to 33
Dopamine and polyethyleneimine (weight average molecular weight of 600) are selected as polyphenol and polyamine monomers, and the dopamine and the polyethyleneimine are dissolved in a Tris-HCl buffer solution according to the mass concentration ratio of 4: 1, wherein the concentrations of the dopamine and the polyethyleneimine are respectively 2g/L and 0.5 g/L.
Floating the polyvinylidene fluoride microporous membrane on the surface of a deposition solution, and depositing for 4 hours at the temperature of 10, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90 ℃.
Finally, the prepared film was placed in a 10% glutaraldehyde solution and crosslinked at 70 ℃ for 2 hours.
And finally, washing with water and drying to obtain the thin-layer composite membrane.
Examples 34 to 37
Dopamine and polyethyleneimine (weight average molecular weight of 600) are selected as polyphenol and polyamine monomers, and the dopamine and the polyethyleneimine are dissolved in a Tris-HCl buffer solution according to the mass concentration ratio of 4: 1, wherein the concentrations of the dopamine and the polyethyleneimine are respectively 2g/L and 0.5 g/L.
Floating the polyvinylidene fluoride microporous membrane on the surface of a deposition solution, and depositing for 0.5, 1, 2 and 3 hours at the temperature of 20 ℃.
Finally, the prepared film was placed in a 10% glutaraldehyde solution and crosslinked at 70 ℃ for 2 hours.
And finally, washing with water and drying to obtain the thin-layer composite membrane.
Claims (6)
1. A preparation method of a thin-layer composite membrane based on gas/liquid interfacial reaction is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) floating a hydrophobic polymer porous base membrane on the surface of the deposition solution, reacting for 0.1-12 hours at the temperature of 10-90 ℃, and forming a film structure on the polymer porous base membrane at the gas/liquid interface;
the deposition solution is a solution of polyphenol monomers and polyamine monomers with the pH = 6-10;
the polyphenol monomer is at least one of dopamine, dopa, catechol, norepinephrine, pyrogallol, tannic acid and tea polyphenol;
the polyamine monomer is at least one of polyethyleneimine, polyallylamine hydrochloride, chitosan, diethylenetriamine, triethylene tetramine, triethylamine, piperazine, m-phenylenediamine and p-phenylenediamine;
the polymer porous base membrane is a microfiltration membrane or an ultrafiltration membrane of polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyether sulfone, polysulfone or polyvinyl chloride;
(2) and (2) placing the polymer porous base membrane reacted in the step (1) into a cross-linking agent solution for cross-linking reaction, and cross-linking a film structure on the polymer porous base membrane into a selective functional skin layer to obtain the thin-layer composite membrane based on the gas/liquid interface reaction.
2. The method for preparing a thin-layer composite membrane based on gas/liquid interfacial reaction according to claim 1, wherein: floating a hydrophobic polymer porous base membrane on the surface of the deposition solution, and reacting for 1-2 hours at 40-60 ℃.
3. The method for preparing a thin-layer composite membrane based on gas/liquid interfacial reaction according to claim 1, wherein: the concentration of the cross-linking agent solution is 1-10 wt%, the cross-linking reaction temperature is 20-80 ℃, and the cross-linking reaction time is 10-120 minutes.
4. The method for preparing a thin-layer composite membrane based on gas/liquid interfacial reaction according to claim 1, wherein: the deposition solution is prepared by dissolving polyphenol monomer and polyamine monomer in phosphate buffer solution, Tris buffer solution, carbonate buffer solution, NaOH solution, KOH solution or Na2CO3And (3) preparing a solution.
5. A thin-layer composite membrane based on gas/liquid interfacial reaction, which is prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 4.
6. Use of the thin-layer composite membrane based on gas/liquid interfacial reaction according to claim 5 in nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, forward osmosis or pervaporation.
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