CN107151777B - The hot-spraying coating manufacturing process that sprayed on material and bombardment particle phase are implemented in combination with - Google Patents
The hot-spraying coating manufacturing process that sprayed on material and bombardment particle phase are implemented in combination with Download PDFInfo
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- CN107151777B CN107151777B CN201710332322.XA CN201710332322A CN107151777B CN 107151777 B CN107151777 B CN 107151777B CN 201710332322 A CN201710332322 A CN 201710332322A CN 107151777 B CN107151777 B CN 107151777B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/02—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of pressure only
- C23C24/04—Impact or kinetic deposition of particles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
- C23C4/129—Flame spraying
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
- C23C4/131—Wire arc spraying
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
- C23C4/134—Plasma spraying
Abstract
The invention discloses the hot-spraying coating manufacturing process that a kind of sprayed on material and bombardment particle phase are implemented in combination with, it include: that sprayed on material is heated to melting or being completely melt state by spraying heat source, accelerate to push by gas jet, strike matrix surface or deposited coating surface, at the same time, bombardment particle with elastic and plastic strain energy bombards the coating of flattening deposition under the action of same gas jet or independent gas jet, it is collided with coating and rebound partly or entirely occurs and dissipates, wherein: the heating temperature before bombardment microparticle bombardment coating is lower than its fusing point.The present invention solves the problems such as existing thermally sprayed coating residual tension is big, coating quality is not high by simple and effective, inexpensive method, while improving the residual stress distribution of coat inside, the deposition effect of sprayed on material is not influenced, and then coating performance strengthening effect is generated, improve the intrinsic performance and service performance of coating.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the hot-spraying coating manufacturing process that a kind of sprayed on material and bombardment particle phase are implemented in combination with, and belong to heat
Spraying technology field.
Background technique
Thermal spraying is to be flown by the particle high speed of a large amount of melted by heat or melting and deposited to matrix surface to form coating
A kind of technical process.Thermal spraying application have been directed to numerous industrial circles such as aviation, automobile, metallurgy, printing, chemical industry, gradually at
It is excavated for the key technology in equipment remanufacturing engineering and constantly.
It has now been found that moment solidifies the quenching stress to be formed after hot spraying particle flattening is deposited to matrix surface
It is the main residual stress source of coating, and is inevitable.Just because of the presence of quenching stress in coating, so that
Tensile stress is generally presented in the final residual stress of most of material spraying layers, this is to the bond strength of coating, thermal shock, abrasion
And the performances such as fatigue can all generate totally unfavorable influence, and warpage change is easily induced in spray process and subsequent use process
The failure behaviours such as shape, peeling, or even cracking.Therefore, for the adverse effect of residual tension in coating, try to explore having for row
The countermeasure of effect is an important process of technical field of hot.
The residual stress source of thermally sprayed coating also typically includes thermal mismatch stress other than quenching stress, it is heavy in coating
Be cooled to room temperature during this after product, due to coating and basis material thermal expansion coefficient mismatch and answering for being formed
Power shows as tensile stress when coating material thermal expansion coefficient is greater than basis material, otherwise is compression.In addition, a small number of sprayings
Material during the deposition process can induced phase transition compression.Thermal mismatching compression and phase transformation compression can offset a part quenching and draw
Stress, beneficial to the adverse effect for weakening overall residual stress, still, they are limited by sprayed on material, are not had universal
Property.
It is worth noting that, high speed flame spraying (HVOF or HVAF) is outshining othersOne branch of the tree is particularly thriving in plasma spray technology,
From initial invention also only thirties years time till now, but have become at present develop in thermal spraying most rapidly,
One of most widely used technology.On the one hand, this has benefited from the quite high flying speed of partcles of high speed flame spraying technology, makes
Advantage is quite obvious when must prepare metal, ceramics and composite coating, on the other hand, since the flame temperature of high speed flame spraying is suitable
In, when so that spraying the coating of some ceramic powders or refractory metal powder, dusty material is not completely melt, is had certain
Elastic and plastic strain energy can generate the hammering compression for being equivalent to shot blasting effect when powder high speed deposition is to surface to be sprayed, this
It greatly weakens because being quenched many adverse effects of tensile stress bring, so that the overall quality of coating is significantly promoted.
Cold spray technique is exactly the hammering effect for taking full advantage of spraying particle high-speed impact surface to be sprayed and generating, from
And make coating that compression be presented, but since the temperature of spraying particle is very low, must be requested that the flying speed of particle it is sufficiently high and
Material is easily plastically deformed, and could complete the reliable deposition of coating.
It can be seen that designing a kind of residual stress distribution that can improve coat inside in thermal spray process, while not
The deposition effect of sprayed on material is influenced, and then generates the hydrodynamics effect of coating, the technical solution of coating performance is improved, is mesh
The preceding direction for being badly in need of deeply excavating.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide the hot-spraying coating formings that a kind of sprayed on material and bombardment particle phase are implemented in combination with
Method, solves that existing thermally sprayed coating residual tension is big, coating quality is not high by simple and effective, inexpensive method
Problem while improving the residual stress distribution of coat inside, does not influence the deposition effect of sprayed on material, and then generate coating
Hydrodynamics effect improves the intrinsic performance and service performance of coating.
To achieve the goals above, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of hot-spraying coating manufacturing process that sprayed on material is implemented in combination with bombardment particle phase, which is characterized in that it is wrapped
Include step: sprayed on material is heated to melting or being completely melt state by spraying heat source, and accelerates to push by gas jet, hits
It hits matrix surface or deposited coating surface occurs flattening and deposits and be constantly superimposed and realize and thicken forming, it is same with this
When, the bombardment particle with elastic and plastic strain energy bombards flat under the action of same gas jet or independent gas jet
Change deposition coating, with coating collision after partly or entirely occur rebound and dissipates, in which: bombard microparticle bombardment coating before by
Hot temperature is lower than its fusing point.
When the sprayed on material and the bombardment particle use same gas jet, the sprayed on material and the bombardment
Particle enters in gas jet and blends at same position point, or enter at different location point in gas jet and
The downstream of gas jet blends, and identical thermal spraying ring is passed through in the sprayed on material and bombardment particle flight after blending
Border.
When the sprayed on material uses different gas jets from the bombardment particle respectively, the bombardment particle flight
Respectively independence or part path are Chong Die for the thermal spraying environment that the thermal spraying environment of process passes through with sprayed on material flight.
The spraying heat source is the heat source obtained by electric arc, plasma or combustion flame.
When the sprayed on material be powder when, for coating formation thermal spraying apparatus be powder plasma spraying equipment or
Powder flame spraying equipment, in which: powder flame spraying equipment is common flame spraying equipment or high speed flame spraying equipment.
When the sprayed on material is silk material, the thermal spraying apparatus for coating formation is electric arc spraying equipment, silk material etc.
Plasma spray equipment or silk material flame spray device.
The material of the bombardment particle is metal or non-metallic material.The shape of the bombardment particle is the ball of shape rule
Shape or cylindrical pellets, or the grain-like particles with corner angle.
The invention has the advantages that
1, in thermal spray process, the elastic and plastic strain energy characteristic that the present invention has using bombardment particle is to deposited painting
Layer surface synchronizes bombardment, and while realizing that sprayed on material effectively deposits and thickens forming, bombardment particle generates " compacting "
Effect improves the residual stress distribution of coat inside, i.e. reduction residual tension, increases residual pressure in the reasonable scope and answers
Power, so that the adverse effect that coating deposition induces quenching stress (tensile stress) has been significantly weakened, the overall quality and performance of coating
It is improved and strengthens, the intrinsic and service performance of coating is greatly improved.
2, the present invention is compared with existing high speed flame spraying (or supersonic flame spraying) or even cold spray technique, existing
Though thering is high speed flame spraying, cold spray technique to improve residual stress distribution, to the limit of sprayed on material, deposition velocity etc.
More, narrow scope of application is made, and this spraying process proposed by the present invention is few to the limitation of sprayed on material, bombardment particle, it can
Flexible design, it is convenient to operate, and versatile, implementation cost is low, and adaptation range is wider, can be directed to different hot-spraying techniques
Bombardment particle and technique are reasonably selected with sprayed on material to implement.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is implementation flow chart of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the explanatory diagram of the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 3 is that the mixed powder under different mixing proportion sprays resulting coating surface residual stress curve graph.
Fig. 4 A is the Cross Section Morphology figure for being not added with bombardment particle spraying gained coating.
Fig. 4 B is the Cross Section Morphology figure for adding 30% bombardment particle spraying gained coating.
Fig. 5 is the coating microhardness curve graph that the mixed powder under different mixing proportion sprays.
Fig. 6 is the explanatory diagram of the embodiment of the present invention 2.
Fig. 7 be not added with bombardment particle and addition bombardment particle conditions under spraying obtained by coating surface residual stress it is random
Test distribution map.
Fig. 8 A is the Cross Section Morphology figure for being not added with bombardment particle spraying gained coating.
Fig. 8 B is the Cross Section Morphology figure for being added to bombardment particle spraying gained coating.
Fig. 9 is the explanatory diagram of the embodiment of the present invention 3.
Figure 10 is the surface residual stress curve graph of spraying gained coating under different nebulizer gas pressures.
Figure 11 is the explanatory diagram of the embodiment of the present invention 4.
Specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, the hot-spraying coating manufacturing process that sprayed on material of the present invention is implemented in combination with bombardment particle phase includes
Following step:
Sprayed on material is heated to melting or be completely melt state (i.e. near or above the molten of sprayed on material by spraying heat source
Point), accelerate to push by the gas jet of kinetic energy, the matrix surface of high-speed impact to such as workpiece or deposited coating table
Face, at the same time, the bombardment particle with certain elastic and plastic strain energy is in same gas jet (i.e. sprayed on material and bombardment particle
Use same gas jet) or independent gas jet (i.e. sprayed on material uses different gas jets from bombardment particle respectively)
The coating of effect lower bombardment flattening deposition, by adjusting technological parameter relevant to spraying and microparticle bombardment, part is (logical
Often it is most of) or all bombardment particle and coating occur rebound after colliding and dissipate, in which: the fusing point for bombarding particle is higher than it
The temperature born in entire thermal spray process, i.e. heating temperature, in other words, bombardment particle flight is by being higher than room temperature
Thermal spraying environment when occur heated so that the temperature of bombardment particle rises, but even if sent out to bombardment particle and coating material
When raw collision, the value of the heated heating of bombardment particle can not be more than the fusing point of bombardment particle itself, and bombardment particle in this way is colliding
It is preceding necessarily to have elastic and plastic strain energy, to achieve the effect that bombardment.
In general, the temperature rise value that bombardment particle is heated is smaller, impact velocity is higher, and bombardment effect is more obvious, i.e. sprayed on material
The plastic strain and residual compressive stress being subjected to are also bigger.Moreover, the temperature rise value and flying speed of bombardment particle can be by changing
Become the parameters such as material, size and the form of the jet energy for pushing bombardment particle and bombardment particle to adjust.
Normally, most of bombardment particle can all rebound dissipation under the action of collision, only extremely it is least a portion of Hong
Particle is hit to deposit with sprayed on material, this can reduce the deposition of bombardment particle by adjusting spraying and bombardment technique, and
It will not influence the performance of coating obtained by thermal spraying.
In the present invention, sprayed on material can be heated to melting in thermal spray process or be completely melt state, but bombard
The fusing point of particle is higher than its temperature rise value to fly by entire thermal spraying environment, and then will not be melted.Furthermore, it is understood that Hong
Particle is hit from corresponding thermal spraying apparatus is entered into the entire thermal spray process to collide with coating, temperature rising has very much
Limit, thus it can still have certain elastic and plastic strain energy, to be used to realize the coating of bombardment collision flattening deposition.
When sprayed on material and bombardment particle use same gas jet, sprayed on material and bombardment particle are in same position point
Place enters in gas jet and blends, or enters in gas jet at different location point and send out in the downstream of gas jet
Raw blending, after blending, identical thermal spraying environment is passed through in sprayed on material and bombardment particle flight, in such cases, bombards particle
Fusing point usually require that it is higher, although higher strain energy can be still maintained and be conducive to produce so that its temperature rising is larger
Raw bombardment effect.
When sprayed on material uses different gas jets from bombardment particle respectively, the thermal spraying of bombardment particle flight process
Thermal spraying environment respectively independence or the fraction path overlap that environment and sprayed on material flight are passed through, in such cases, Ke Yirang
The heating temperature for bombarding particle is smaller, and then the bombardment particle that fusing point can be high or low may be selected, without limitations.
In the present invention, spraying heat source is the heat source obtained by electric arc, plasma or combustion flame, application range compared with
Extensively.
In actual implementation, when sprayed on material choice of powder, the thermal spraying apparatus for coating formation can be powder etc.
Plasma spray equipment or powder flame spraying equipment, in which: powder flame spraying equipment can be common flame spraying equipment or height
Fast flame spray device.
For example, dystectic bombardment particle can be mixed into opposite low melting point powder when implementing powder thermospraying, such as sand material or
The particles such as ceramic pellet, although in this way, powder will be subjected to heating jointly with mixed bombardment particle, due to melting for bombardment particle
Point is higher than heating temperature, therefore when they reach matrix surface, powder has been heated near or above its fusing point, and is bombarded
Though particle has certain heated, its fusing point is much higher than its heating temperature, thus can keep higher bombardment collision energy.
For another example the high-temperature region that powder is admitted to spray gun (adds into spray gun in advance in other words when implementing powder thermospraying
Heat), and the low-temperature space (evening enters in spray gun heat a bit in other words) that particle (sand material or pellet) is admitted to spray gun is bombarded, in this way may be used
To reduce the heated time of bombardment particle, to make its heating temperature far below itself fusing point, it is ensured that have when bombarding coating
Relatively low temperature and keep higher bombardment collision energy.
For another example powder is heated and is accelerated by the high temperature and high speed gas jet of spray gun, and is banged when implementing powder thermospraying
It hits particle and deposited spots is sprayed to the acceleration of cryogenic gas jet stream by other lance driving device, thus guaranteeing powder spray jet stream
On the basis of being mutually matched, run simultaneously between bombardment microparticle jetting the two, it is ensured that bombard particle and extremely low temperature is kept to come pair
The depositing coating of heat is bombarded.
In actual implementation, when sprayed on material selects silk material, the thermal spraying apparatus for coating formation can spray for electric arc
Automatic doubler surface glouer, silk material plasma spraying equipment or silk material flame spray device.
For example, bombardment particle can inject the thermal spraying jet stream of sprayed on material by way of powder when implementing line-material coating
In or deposited spots are sprayed to independent cryogenic gas jet stream, so that it is guaranteed that bombardment particle keeps lower temperature to carry out the deposition to heat
Coating is bombarded.
The form of powder cored filament material can be taken to carry out spray formation under a few cases, i.e. bombardment particle is as filling powder
End all or part of, and coat this powder filler with metal sheath and powder cored filament material be made.When this powder core wire of use
When material implements spraying, in the factors such as the selection of design of material, thermal spraying apparatus of bombardment particle, need to meet bombardment particle not
Can be excessively heated, and other ingredients can be heated sufficiently and reliably be deposited in silk material.
As shown in Figure 1, before implementing thermal spraying, preferably, also first should adequately be pre-processed to matrix surface (net
Change, be roughened and be activated), i.e., the pretreatments such as oil removing, derusting, sandblasting (or electric plucking) are carried out to matrix surface to be sprayed,
With guarantee being capable of reliable connection between sprayed on material and matrix surface.
In thermal spraying, sprayed on material is adjusted by adjusting pressure, the temperature of corresponding gas jet and bombards particle
The parameters such as heating temperature, flying speed and flow, while passing through the ginsengs such as material, shape, the granularity of selection design bombardment particle
Amount to meet the requirement under the conditions of different plasma spray technologies, different sprayed on material to bombardment particle, and then both can guarantee that bombardment was micro-
Grain can reliably be desorbed after hitting deposited coating surface, and can be conducive to subsequent sprayed on material on having bombarded coating surface
Reliable deposition, and the possibility for avoiding depositing coating from removing due to by excessive bombardment, to reach high quality bombardment effect.
Embodiment 1:
As shown in Fig. 2, being mixed with the composite powder of powder and high-melting-point bombardment particle using high speed flame spraying.It is specific next
It says, sprayed on material 50 selects FeBSiNb amorphous powder 50g, and bombardment particle 60 selects white fused alumina sand, and sprayed on material 50 and bombardment are micro-
Grain 60 in mass ratio 9: 1 or 8: 2 or 7: 3 or 6: 4 or 5: 5 equal proportions be uniformly mixed, in which: the granularity of amorphous powder be -325~
200 mesh, fusing point are 1220 DEG C；The granularity of white fused alumina sand is -150~100 mesh, main component Al2O3, Al2O3Content exist
95%~97%, Al2O3Fusing point be 2054 DEG C.Thermal spraying apparatus selects flame spraying gun 30, and spraying heat source is shown in Fig. 2
31 pilot fuel 32 of igniter and combustion-supporting gas 33 mixture generate combustion flame.The selection of matrix 10 70mm to be sprayed ×
The 45# steel of 30mm × 8mm.
Oil removing, derusting, sandblasting pretreatment first are carried out to 45# steel before spraying.Then proportioned mixed powder is passed through into spray
It applies rifle 30 and carries out flame-spraying, spray parameters are as follows: C2H2Flow 1.3m3/ h, O2Flow 0.7m3/ h, powder feeding rate 35g/min, spray
Apply distance 180mm, cooling air pressure 0.4MPa.Fig. 2 schematically shows the coatings 20 of deposition.
Fig. 3 is the coating surface residual stress curve that the mixed powder under different mixing proportion sprays.It can be with from Fig. 3
See, sprays resulting coating surface residual tension after addition bombardment particle and all decrease.When sprayed on material 50 and bombardment
When the ratio mixing of particle 60 in mass ratio 8: 2, residual tension reduces amplitude maximum, up to 43.8%.
Fig. 4 A, Fig. 4 B are respectively the Cross Section Morphology for being not added with bombardment particle spraying gained coating, to be added to 30% bombardment micro-
The Cross Section Morphology of grain (sprayed on material 50 is uniformly mixed with the ratio of bombardment particle 60 in mass ratio 7: 3) spraying gained coating.Figure
Pattern shown by 4A and Fig. 4 B is broadly divided into three layers up and down, and the bottom is matrix, and middle layer is spraying gained coating, top
Edge sample material used when to prepare metallographic specimen.It can see from Fig. 4 A and Fig. 4 B, be not added with bombardment particle spraying gained and apply
The porosity of layer is larger, about 1.2%, and be added to bombardment particle and spray resulting coating very dense uniform, porosity compared with
It is small, only 0.5% or so, have dropped 58.3%.
Fig. 5 is the coating microhardness curve that the mixed powder under different mixing proportion sprays.It can from Fig. 5
It arrives, after bombarding microparticle bombardment, the hardness of coating is obviously improved, and hardness reaches as high as 794.7HV, than being not added with bombardment particle
The hardness 672.4HV of spraying gained coating improves 18.1%.
Embodiment 2:
As shown in fig. 6, using high speed flame spraying, but powder is sent into jet stream high-temperature region, and bombardment particle is sent into jet stream low temperature
Area.Specifically, sprayed on material 50 selects FeCrBSiNb amorphous powder, and granularity is -325~200 mesh, and fusing point is 1350 DEG C.Hong
It hits particle 60 and selects white fused alumina sand, granularity is -150~80 mesh.Thermal spraying apparatus selects kerosene stock high speed flame spraying rifle 40,
Its high temperature for spraying the mixture generation burning formation that heat source is 41 pilot fuel 42 of igniter shown in fig. 6 and combustion-supporting gas 43 is high
Fast flame jet.Matrix 10 to be sprayed selects 70mm × 30mm × 8mm 45# steel.
Oil removing, derusting, sandblasting pretreatment first are carried out to 45# steel before spraying.The spray of kerosene stock high speed flame spraying rifle 40
Apply parameter are as follows: O2Flow 45.0Nm3/ h, kerosene oil flow 21.0L/h, chamber pressure 6.5bar, spray distance 250mm, spray gun move
Dynamic speed 800mm/s, the powder feeding rate 35g/min of sprayed on material 50, bombard the powder feeding rate 15g/min of particle 60.Fig. 6 signal
Show the coating 20 of deposition to property.
Fig. 7 be not added with bombardment particle and addition bombardment particle conditions under spraying obtained by coating surface residual stress it is random
Test distribution map, abscissa is test serial number in figure, indicate the 1st, 2,3 ..., 6 tests.From figure 7 it can be seen that by pair
The coating surface residual stress sprayed after addition bombardment particle carries out 6 random tests, the residual stress that 6 tests obtain
Mean value is -114.5MPa.By carrying out 6 random tests, 6 tests to being not added with the coating surface that sprays of bombardment particle
Obtained residual stress mean value is -57MPa.Therefore, it can be seen that bombardment particle item is bombarded under particle conditions and is not added in addition
It is compared under part, residual compressive stress improves about 1 times, and the undulation range of residual stress becomes smaller, and becomes more steady.
Fig. 8 A, Fig. 8 B are respectively the Cross Section Morphology for being not added with bombardment particle spraying gained coating, are added to bombardment particle spray
Apply the Cross Section Morphology of gained coating.It can see from Fig. 8 A, Fig. 8 B, the deposition grain being not added in bombardment particle spraying gained coating
Sub mutually overlap joint interface is more apparent, and adds the coating more dense uniform sprayed after bombardment particle.It can be seen that bombardment
The shock of particle can effectively increase the plastic deformation of deposited particles, increase residual stress, improve coating quality.
Embodiment 3:
As shown in figure 9, sprayed on material 50 is heated by the jet stream of flame spraying gun 70, is accelerated, sink on 10 surface of matrix
Product forms coating 20, and spraying heat source is the combustion of the mixture formation of 71 pilot fuel 72 of igniter shown in Fig. 9, combustion-supporting gas 73
Burn flame jet.Bombardment particle 60 passes through another spraying equipment --- and the cryogenic gas jet stream acceleration of shot-blasting gun 80 sprays to deposition spot
Point.
Specifically, sprayed on material 50 selects FeCrBSiNb amorphous powder, and granularity is -325~200 mesh, fusing point 1350
℃.It bombards particle 60 and selects stainless steel pill cutting, granularity is 1.2mm~2mm.Matrix 10 selects 70mm × 30mm × 8mm 45#
Steel.
Oil removing, derusting, sandblasting pretreatment first are carried out to 45# steel before spraying.The spray parameters of flame spraying gun 70 are as follows: C2H2
Flow 1.3m3/ h, O2Flow 0.7m3/ h, powder feeding rate 35g/min, spray distance 180mm, cooling air pressure 0.4MPa.Hong
Particle 60 is hit by pressure sending type shot-blasting gun 80 and 70 work compound of flame spraying gun, it is strong that shot-peening is controlled by regulating gas pressure
Degree, the gas pressure of shot-blasting gun 80 are set as 0.2MPa~0.4MPa.Fig. 9 schematically shows the coating 20 of deposition.
Figure 10 is the coating surface residual stress curve prepared under the different nebulizer gas pressures of bombardment particle.It can from Figure 10
To find out, the surface without the spraying of bombardment particle collision (nebulizer gas pressure is the corresponding technique of 0MPa i.e. in figure) gained coating is residual
Residue stress is tensile stress, and residual-stress value 256MPa bombards particle 60 and hits the coating that spraying obtains under 0.2MPa air pressure
Surface residual stress remains as tensile stress, average value of residual stress 31MPa, and bombards particle 60 and hit under 0.4MPa air pressure
It sprays obtained coating surface residual stress and has turned into compression, average value of residual stress is -115MPa.It can be seen that by
After bombarding the bombardment of particle, the residual stress of coating constantly reduces from tensile stress, or even has become compression, has obtained biggish
Improve.
Embodiment 4:
As shown in figure 11, sprayed on material is silk material, accelerates mist by arc-melting and through high speed atomisation air-flow (primary air)
Change, another burst of gas jet (secondary gas flow) accelerates the bombardment particle of injection, forms projectile stream, is ejected into electric arc
Region.Bombarding particle is influenced very little by electric arc heated, is ultimately formed silk material molten drop and is bombarded the mixed flow of particle, completes molten drop
Spray deposited and bombardment particle collision integral forming coating.
Specifically, sprayed on material 50 selects FeBSiNb amorphous core silk material, and bombardment particle selects Brown Alundum to spray sand,
Granularity is -120~80 mesh.Thermal spraying apparatus selects high speed arc spray gun 90.Matrix 10 selects 70mm × 30mm × 8mm 45#
Steel.
Oil removing, derusting, sandblasting pretreatment first are carried out to 45# steel before spraying.The spray parameters of arc pistol 90 are as follows: voltage
36V, electric current 200A, spray distance 180mm, the conveying air pressure 0.75MPa of sprayed on material bombard the conveying air pressure of particle
0.75MPa.The electric arc 100 that Figure 11 schematically shows the coating 20 of deposition and arc pistol 90 is formed.
As can be seen from the test results, the residual stress in coating obtained after bombarding particle collision all shows as pressing
The bond strength of stress, coating and matrix has biggish promotion, and coating becomes more closely knit, in short, in bombardment particle effect
Under, the various performances of coating have all obtained apparent improvement and have improved.
This hot-spraying technique of the invention is not limited to a certain specific plasma spray technology, in addition to the embodiment of the present invention
Outside the plasma spray technology, it may also be used for other plasma spray technologies.Thermal spraying material is also not necessarily limited to amorphous described in embodiment
Powder or silk material.
The material selection of bombardment particle is also not limited to a certain specific material, can be metal or non-metallic material, remove
Except the material that embodiment refers to, WC, ZrO2It also can be used as bombardment particle Deng the material with higher melt, in addition, bombardment is micro-
Shape, the granularity of grain are also without limitations, and generally granularity is all applicable within the scope of 10 μm~2mm, shape can be it is spherical,
The pellet of the shapes such as cylinder rule is also possible to the sand shape irregular particle with Sharp edge.
Bombarding particle selects hard or non-rigid material all right.The hardness of bombardment particle is not necessarily intended to higher than coating material
Hardness, because sprayed on material also keeps higher temperature when depositing solidification, thus have preferable plastic deformation ability, as long as
It will not be inconvenient because itself being excessively plastically deformed and being sticky on coating when the hardness of bombardment particle is convenient for bombarding particle collision coating
It is detached from.
The invention has the advantages that
In thermal spray process, the elastic and plastic strain energy characteristic that the present invention has using bombardment particle is to deposited coating
Surface synchronizes bombardment, and while realizing that sprayed on material effectively deposits and thickens forming, bombardment particle generates " compacting " effect
It answers, improves the residual stress distribution of coat inside, is i.e. reduction residual tension, increase residual compressive stress in the reasonable scope,
To significantly weaken the adverse effect that coating deposition induces quenching stress (tensile stress), the overall quality and performance of coating are obtained
It is promoted and is strengthened, the intrinsic and service performance of coating is greatly improved.Also, this spraying process proposed by the present invention is to spray
Apply material, bombard particle limitation it is few, can flexible design, operate it is convenient, versatile, implementation cost is low, adaptation range
It is relatively wide, bombardment particle can be reasonably selected for different hot-spraying techniques and sprayed on material to implement.
The above is present pre-ferred embodiments and its technical principle used, and is come for those skilled in the art
It says, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, any equivalent transformation based on the basis of technical solution of the present invention,
Simple replacement etc. obviously changes, and all falls within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. the hot-spraying coating manufacturing process that a kind of sprayed on material and bombardment particle phase are implemented in combination with, which is characterized in that it includes
Step:
Sprayed on material is heated to melting or being completely melt state by spraying heat source, and accelerates to push by gas jet, hits
Flattening deposition occurs to matrix surface or deposited coating surface and is constantly superimposed and realizes and thicken forming, at the same time,
Bombardment particle with elastic and plastic strain energy bombards flattening under the action of same gas jet or independent gas jet
Rebound partly or entirely occurs after the coating of deposition, with coating collision and dissipates, in which: is before bombardment microparticle bombardment coating heated
Temperature is lower than its fusing point.
2. the hot-spraying coating manufacturing process that sprayed on material as described in claim 1 and bombardment particle phase are implemented in combination with, special
Sign is:
When the sprayed on material and the bombardment particle use same gas jet, the sprayed on material and the bombardment particle
Enter in gas jet and blend at same position point, or enters at different location point in gas jet and in gas
The downstream of jet stream blends, and identical thermal spraying environment is passed through in the sprayed on material and bombardment particle flight after blending；
When the sprayed on material uses different gas jets from the bombardment particle respectively, the bombardment particle flight is passed through
The thermal spraying environment that passes through of thermal spraying environment and the sprayed on material flight respectively independence or part path are Chong Die.
3. the hot-spraying coating manufacturing process that sprayed on material as described in claim 1 and bombardment particle phase are implemented in combination with, special
Sign is:
The spraying heat source is the heat source obtained by electric arc, plasma or combustion flame.
4. the hot-spraying coating manufacturing process that sprayed on material as described in claim 1 and bombardment particle phase are implemented in combination with, special
Sign is:
When the sprayed on material is powder, the thermal spraying apparatus for coating formation is powder plasma spraying equipment or powder
Flame spray device, in which: powder flame spraying equipment is common flame spraying equipment or high speed flame spraying equipment.
5. the hot-spraying coating manufacturing process that sprayed on material as described in claim 1 and bombardment particle phase are implemented in combination with, special
Sign is:
When the sprayed on material is silk material, the thermal spraying apparatus for coating formation is electric arc spraying equipment, silk material plasma
Spraying equipment or silk material flame spray device.
6. the hot-spraying coating that sprayed on material as described in any one of claims 1 to 5 and bombardment particle phase are implemented in combination at
Shape method, it is characterised in that:
The material of the bombardment particle is metal or non-metallic material.
7. the hot-spraying coating that sprayed on material as described in any one of claims 1 to 5 and bombardment particle phase are implemented in combination at
Shape method, it is characterised in that:
The shape of the bombardment particle is the spherical shape or cylindrical pellets of shape rule, or the grain-like particles with corner angle.
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